THEMILITANTPublished in the Interest of the Working People

V o l. 29 - N o . 21 M o n d a y , M a y 24, 1965 P r ic e 10c

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Previously Unpublished Remarks by Malcolm X

— See page 4m i m i i i i t i i i i i III IIII I m i i i i i i in n i i i iM i i i i i i i i i i i i i II ......ituur II I1III I1I1I I I II I1I1III I I I I I1IIIIIII IIIII IIIU I m il I M t i ii i i i ii i i iiM i ii I1I I I I I I I I I I I I I I11 m in i mill I mill m im iiii im iiiiii im iii im m m iiim iiiiiiim iiiiiiiii iiiii iiiii iin iiiiiiiii iiim iiiiiiiii iiiii iiiim iiiiii

NATIONAL TEACH-IN DRAMATIZES RISING OPPOSITION ON VIETNAM

V IE W FR O M A B R O A D . Abu in the London Observer.

Washington Seeks to Impose Puppet Gov't on Dominicans

B y H a rry RingM A Y 18 — As th is is w r itte n ,

the U.S. is reported seeking to impose a new m ad e -in -W a sh ing - ton governm ent on the D om in ican people. Johnson’s no m in a tion o f A n to n io G uzm an fo r the D o m i­n ican presidency was made a fte r Guzm an, businessman and fo rm e r m em ber o f the Bosch governm ent, was secre tly f lo w n to W ash ing­ton fo r inspection.

I f the forces o f Col. F rancisco Caam ano Deno accept W ash ing­ton ’s proposed deal, the n e x t step w i l l be to t r y to d isarm the people o f Santo Dom ingo, thus s tr ip p in g them o f any decisive voice in de­te rm in in g w h o th e ir governm ent sha ll be ;-....

In Santo D om ingo to w o rk ou t the deal is a Johnson team headed by M cG eorge B u n d y and Thomas M ann. T h e ir presence assures th a t the U.S. has no in te n tio n , i f i t can he lp it , o f agreeing to a so lu tion th a t w i l l be in the in terests o f the D om in ican people.

B un dy is a p r in c ip a l a rch itec t o f the U.S. b lo o d -le tt in g opera tion in V ie tnam and favo rs a “ tough” p o lic y in the Caribbean.

M ann is the reac tiona ry Texan w h om Johnson p u t in charge o f L a t in A m erican a ffa irs w hen he f ir s t assumed office . In tha t posi­tion M ann b razen ly asserted the d oc trine th a t the U.S. w o u ld no longer waste tim e go ing th rough the m otions o f p re te nd ing concern fo r dem ocracy in L a t in A m erica

and w o u ld p ro m p tly recognize w h a teve r d ic ta to rsh ip appeared on the scene, no m a tte r how il le g a lly i t came to power. (The on ly p ro ­viso, o f course, was th a t i t be s tr ic t ly r ig h t-w in g and s tr ic t ly p ro -U .S .) The M ann dec la ra tion was the s igna l fo r m il i ta ry coups against a nu m ber o f re la t iv e ly dem ocra tic L a t in A m erican gov­ernm ents.

The present D om in ican s itua tion has shown, how ever, th a t even r ig h t-w in g d ic ta to rs have to guard against tu rn in g th e ir backs fo r a s p lit second w hen dea ling w ith the U.S.

U.S. troops w ere rushed in to the D om in ican R epub lic w hen i t be­came apparent th a t the arm ed popu la tion o f Santo D om ingo was about to crush the co u n te r-re v o lu - t io n a ry gang led b y Gen. Wessin y Wessin. W hen the U.S. rea lized th a t even a ll th e ir M arines cou ldn ’ t save Wessin, they p ro m p t­ly dum ped h im .

M eanw h ile , another U.S. crea­tion was fashioned, the ju n ta of Gen. A n to n io Im b e rt B arreras. W hen he proved incapable o f w in n in g and ba lked a t a U .S.- proposed deal w ith Col. Caamano, W ashington came up w ith G uz­m an as th e ir new man.

T he proposed deal w ith Caama­no exposes the lie th a t the m as­sive M arine force was sent in be­cause his reg im e was “ Commu- n is t-d om in a ted .”

Johnson d id n ’t fea r Caamano’s

governm ent. B u t he was genu ine ly fr igh te ne d o f the arm ed people o f Santo Dom ingo. I t was a fear based on the understand ing tha t an arm ed people in a te r r ib ly oppressed co lony lik e the D o m i­n ican R epub lic need not, and w ou ld not, long to le ra te any gov­e rnm en t th a t con tinued th e ir m is ­erab le p lig h t.

A n d the s itua tion o f the D o m i- (Continued on Page 3)

By Fred HalsteadW A S H IN G T O N , D.C. — A n

audience o f some 4,000 sat w a it­in g fo r the m a in debate in the h is to ric na tiona l teach-in on V ie t­nam here M ay 15, w hen i t was announced fro m the pod ium th a t the U.S. S tate D epartm ent spokes­m an M cGeorge B un dy had backed ou t — w ith o u t even sending a te x t o f his address o r a subs titu te speaker fro m the a d m in is tra tion .

A b r ie f s ta tem ent o f “ re g re t” fro m B un dy was read and the audience lis tened w ith subdued anger a t the section w h ich said: “ Seven hund red fa c u lty m em bers have made a pro test against ou r p o licy in V ie tn a m . . . those w ho are pro tes ting are on ly a m in o r ity— indeed a sm all m in o r ity — o f A m erican teachers and students.”

Once again, as i t has repea ted ly done on the questions o f V ie tnam and Santo Dom ingo, the adm in is ­tra t io n had in su lte d the in te ll i­gence o f the A m erican people b y a sta tem ent ob v io us ly in contra : d ic tio n to the facts.

There w ere fa r m ore than 700 pro tes ting fa c u lty m em bers in the sing le audience in W ashington, and the re w ere ove r 100,000 students and fa c u lty p a rtic ip a tin g in the pro test in o th e r audiences a t over 100 campuses in 35 states across the coun try , to w h ic h the debate was be ing p iped by telephone- rad io . In ad d ition , the proceedings o f the 15 % -hour a f fa ir w ere car­rie d over rad io o r T V in m any m a jo r cities.

Indeed, fa r fro m representing a sm a ll m in o r ity , the re is no t the s ligh test doub t th a t the teach-in m ovem ent expresses an opposition by the great m a jo r ity o f A m erican in te lle c tua ls to the a d m in is tra tio n ’s w a r policies. F o r i f i t d id not, i t cou ld no t have spread spontan­eously across the cou n try in the less than tw o m onths since the f ir s t teach-in M arch 24 a t the U n iv e rs ity o f M ich igan .

“ I doub t i f som eth ing lik e th is has eve r happened before in h is­to ry ,” com m ented Chicago Profes­sor Hans M orgenthau, as he spoke

to the W ashington audience in the f i r s t session o f the day. I t has come about, he said, because “ w e ; c e rta in ly do no t have a tw o -p a rty system in term s o f a lte rn a tiv e po l­icies . . . Consensus in t ru th means a k in d o f passive accept­ance o f w h a teve r the governm ent says.” i

A sta tem ent released b y the sponsors said the teach-in was “ necessary because o f the w a y ) the p o licy has been made, in p r i­vate counsels beyond the reach , o f pu b lic debate, e ith e r in Con-;' gress o r elsewhere; and then, the w a y the consensus has been de- m anded, as an unquestion ing ac­quiescence to h igh e r a u th o r ity .” I The academic com m u n ity has been provoked, the sta tem ent con tin ­ued, “ by the governm ent’s a ttem pt: to m an ip u la te a consensus, to ra l­ly the people around a dub ious, ra tiona le o f escalation b y the la test techniques o f M adison Avenue. It'; is n o t ju s t ‘dem ocracy’ in Sou th­east. A s ia . th a t . has., been .p u t. stake — i t is dem ocracy in A m e r­ica.” ‘

The r ig h t o f the A m erican peo­ple to decide the question o f w h e the r they go to w a r is the cen tra l issue b ro u g h t to the fo re by the teach-in m ovem ent. B u t the a d m in is tra tio n has no in te n tio n o f re lin q u ish in g the pow er i t has stolen fro m the people, as in d ic a t­ed by B u n d y ’s s ta tem ent and by the con tinued troop bu ild -u p in V ie tnam .

The w a r-m ak in g powers m ust be taken ou t o f the hands o f one m an and a ll questions in v o lv in g w a r and peace debated and voted upon by a ll the people. T he na­tio n a l teach-in has p roven th a t the techniques fo r th is are re a d ily ava ilab le .

V

In accepting the challenge to debate, the State D epa rtm en t m an­euvered w ith the sponsors, de­m anding a num ber o f cond itions w h ich had the e ffec t o f b lu n tin g the c rit ic is m . (T h is made B u n d y ’s fa ilu re to appear o r send a sub­s titu te a ll the m ore g a llin g to the

(Continued on Page 2)

Prospects Dim for Rights Measure

Humphrey Fights Poll-Tax BanBy D avid Herm an

The Senate vo tin g r ig h ts b i l l am endm ent to ban the p o ll ta x in state and local elections was de­feated M a y 11 by the seem ingly n a rro w m arg in o f 49 to 45. Though the vote looks close, there was no doub t about the outcom e — l ib ­e ra l V ice P resident H u b e rt H. H u m ph re y h im se lf was on hand ju s t before the ro le -c a ll to lo bb y against the am endm ent and make sure i t w o u ld never pass.

A n in c id e n t reported in the New Y o rk T im es o f M ay 12 gives a g lim pse o f the k in d o f sw ind les the lib e ra ls p u ll w hen i t comes to concrete steps to w a rd guarantee­in g eq u a lity : ’ .

“ M r. H u m phrey , w ho as V ice

P resident is p res ident o f the Sen­ate, engaged Jennings R andolph, D em ocra t o f W est V irg in ia , in earnest conversation. The face o f M r. Randolph, w ho was kno w n to fa v o r the am endm ent, re flec ted his in n e r struggle.

Superfluous Vote “ W hen the ro l l was ca lled M r.

R ando lph d id no t answer his name. H e was a p pa ren tly w a it in g to see w h e the r the A d m in is tra tio n needed his vo te to de feat the am endm ent. W hen he saw i t was no t needed, he voted ‘aye.’ ”

So R ando lph was a llow ed to vo te fo r the am endm ent as long as i t was go ing to be defeated. H u m p h re y h im se lf, o f course, had a lw ays “ favo re d ” bann ing a ll p o ll taxes — as long as the re was no

chance o f such a ban be ing e n - . acted. . ' V'1

N ow th a t he is V ice President, i t is h is re sp o n s ib ility to see th a t the p o ll- ta x ban is n o t enacted. B u t th is has been H u m p h re y ’s ro le fo r some tim e now — th a t’s how he “ made good.”

W hen the M iss iss ipp i Freedom D em ocratic P a r ty sought to be seated a t the D em ocra tic conven­t io n la s t sum m er, H u m p h re y was g iven the jo b o f l in in g up the libe ra ls against seating them . H u m ph re y became no torious fo r se lling ou t lib e ra l causes in the w itc h -h u n t in g days o f Senator M cC arthy. A t th a t tim e, he be­came an a rch “ an ti-C om m unis t” and in troduced le g is la tio n to o u t­la w the C om m unis t P a rty .

Page Two THE M ILITA NT Monday, May 24, 1965

Mass Demonstrations in Latin America

Attack on Dominicans Sparks World ProtestT he W h ite House decision to

la n d M arines in the D om in ican R e pu b lic and occupy the sm all, pove rty -s tricken , d icta tor-cursed co u n try , touched o f f the greatest w a ve o f anger against A m erican Im p e ria lis m since 1958-60. H ere a re Some samples o f th e Spanish­speaking w o r ld ’s reaction :

A rg e n tin a : Some thousands of students began dem onstra ting M ay 5 in f ro n t o f the Congress in B uen­os A ire s against the la n d in g o f U.S. troops in Santo Dom ingo. T hey chanted an ti-A m erica n slo­gans, b roke w indow s, set f ire to tab les on terraces in the streets, and th re w M o lo tov cockta ils at th e police. The dem onstra tions con tinued on fo llo w in g days, g ro w ­in g in vo lum e and spread ing to o th e r towns.

Street FightingO n M a y 12, an estim ated 7,000

y o u th gathered before the Con­gress b u ild in g . The mass ra l ly ap­p a re n tly e rup ted in to s tree t f ig h t ­ing , fo r i t was repo rted the ne x t da y th a t g u n fire had k il le d one and w ounded 18. The u n iv e rs ity ’s school 6 f m ed ic ine was closed to h o n o r the m ed ica l s tudent w ho w as k il le d . In Cordoba, on M ay 13, a hom em ade bom b exploded u n d e r th e ca r o f the U.S. consul.

The pow er o f the protests was show n b y the reso lu tion adopted b y acclam ation b y the C ham ber o f D eputies on M a y 14 w h ic h con-

Rally in Times Square Defies N.Y. Police Ban

N E W Y O R K — A ra l ly o f about 300 was he ld in T im es Square on M a y 15 to pro test U.S. in te rv e n ­t io n in V ie tn a m and the D o m in i­can R epub lic .

' i t was sponsored by Y ou th A g a in s t W ar and Fascism. A m ong the speakers was C a rl B raden, m il i ta n t S ou thern c iv i l r ig h ts f ig h te r.

In 1962 m ounted po lice attacked a la rge T im es Square dem onstra­t io n against U.S. nu c le a r testing. S ince then the y have im posed an il le g a l ban on dem onstra tions in T im es Square by re fu s in g to is ­sue pe rm its . O n ly the B la ck M us­lim s , le d b y M a lco lm X a t the t im e , had successfu lly b roken the ban before.

D e ird re G risw o ld , w ho cha ired the ra l ly , was handed a summons fo r h o ld in g the ra l ly w ith o u t a p e rm it. R icha rd H erdm an also re ­ce ived one fo r ope ra ting a p u b lic address system w ith o u t a pe rm it.

Latin Americans Reported Enraged

“LBJ has made L a t i n Am erica unsafe for A m er­icans,” said one L a tin A m er­ican diplom at quoted by Jo­seph New m an in the M ay 16 H e ra ld T r ib u n e .

“A n Argentine, a U rugua­yan, a Chilean, a B razilian and a Guatem alan a ll agreed: I t would not be wise for President Johnson or Thomas M ann, his adviser on L a tin - Am erican affairs, to travel in L atin Am erica for some time. T heir appearance would set off new riots, and there again would be ugly incidents such as Richard N ixon experi­enced.” This is the result of U.S. policy in the Dominican Republic, they said.

demned U.S. in te rv e n tio n in the D om in ican R epub lic and dem and­ed im m ed ia te w ith d ra w a l of A m e rica n troops.

Santiago de C h ile : H undreds of young people, m ostly students, dem onstrated in the streets M ay 5, p a r t ic u la r ly in the area o f the U.S. Embassy and on A ven id a O’H igg ins, the m a in s tree t o f the cap ita l, dem anding th a t the U.S. get ou t o f Santo Dom ingo.

A l l the p o lit ic a l parties, in c lu d ­in g the gove rn ing C h ris tia n D em ­ocrats and the n e x t la rgest p a rty , the Radicals, pub lished reso lu tions condem ning the U.S. occupation.

The C ham ber o f Deputies ca lled a special session w h ic h denounced U.S. aggression and demanded w ith d ra w a l o f U.S. troops.

M exico : Ten thousand gathered in do w n to w n M exico C ity M ay 11, chan ting “ Johnson M u rd e re r!” T hey dem anded w ith d ra w a l of U.S. forces and bu rned a U.S. f la g and an e ff ig y o f U nc le Sam.

P uerto R ico: The M ay 13 New Y o rk T im es reported th a t the m ere ru m o r th a t Johnson w o u ld send P uerto R ican N a tion a l

G uardsm en to f ig h t in Santo Do­m ingo caused w ide protests. A pro-independence w in g o f M unoz M a r in ’s P o p u la r D em ocratic P a rty voted, against the M unoz leader­ship, to condem n the U.S. aggres­sion.

Venezuela: O n M ay 5, th ree men and a wom an g u e rr illa , in open da y lig h t, raked the U.S. E m ­bassy in Caracas w ith m achine- gun f ire . Y o u th fu l M ay D ay dem ­onstra tors had e a r lie r tossed in k a t the Embassy w a lls , f ire d sev­e ra l shots, and handed ou t le a f­le ts denouncing U.S. aggression.

In Venezuela

A M ay 11 A P d ispatch reported th a t a Venezuelan “ m ob” had smashed w indow s o f the A l l A m e r­ica Cable Co. in the p o rt c ity o f L a G ua ira , and said i t was p a rt o f “ con tinu ing v io lence against Am erican-ow ned p ro pe rty .” The dem onstra tion was ca lled “ sym p­tom atic o f the w ave o f an ti- A m erican fee lin g since the la n d ­in g o f U.S. troops in the D om in ­ican R epub lic .”

G uatem ala : E a r lie r th is year,because the m il i ta r y d ic ta to rsh ip fo rb ids mass dem onstrations, guer­r il la s had attacked a U.S. m il i ta ry attache as a dem onstra tion o f G uatem alan opposition to the U.S. ro le in V ie tnam . On M ay 3, a fte r the D om in ican events began, guer­r i l la s f ire d severa l bursts fro m a subm achine gun a t the w a ll o f the U.S. consulate in G uatem ala C ity .

L im a , P eru : C row ds o f students dem onstra ted a n g r ily against the U.S. They stoned the U.S. Em ­bassy.

Ecuador: A n estim ated 200 s tu ­dents dem onstrated in Q uito . In G uayaqu il, an au tom ob ile pa rked in f ro n t o f the A m erican consu­la te was b lo w n up.

R io de Jane iro , B ra z il: Despite the b ru ta l m ilita ry -p o lic e d ic ta to r­sh ip o f G enera l Castelo Branco, 500 students staged a dem onstra­t io n M ay 7, c le a rly aim ed a t the U.S. invasion.

M ad rid , Spain: Several hundred students dem onstrated in f ro n t of the D om in ican Embassy, shouting slogans such as, “ Yankee m u rd e r­ers!” and “ Yankees, get o u t!’*

Militant Circulation Drive Enrolls New Readers; More Steam Needed

By K aro lyn K erry

AO RATES H i* rat* for advertising in this col­

umn it 40 cents a line. Display ads ar* 12 a column inch. Thar* is a tan par cant ditcount for regular advertisers. Advertising must reach us by the Mon­day prior to the date of publication.

C HICAG O U.S. CRIME AGAINST THE DO M IN­

ICAN PEOPLE. Speaker: Edward Heis- ler. Fri., May 28, 8 p.m. 302 S. Canal St. Ausp. Friday N ight Socialist Forum.

LOS ANGELES W HY AMERICAN STUDENTS AND

YOUTH DEMAND AN END TO THE WAR. Speaker: Jack Barnes, national chairman, Young Socialist Alliance, and participant in Vietnam Day at Berkeley. Fri., May 28, 8:30 p.m. 1702 E. Fourth St. (4th St. exit Santa Ana Pwy). Door donation. Ausp. M ilitant Labor Forum.

NEW YORKBenefit Smorgasbord celebrating 37

YEARS OF THE MILITANT. Speakers: James Shabazz, personal secretary to the late Malcolm X, Harry Ring, Staff writ­er, The Militant; Bill Frederick, singer of original ballads. Saturday, May 29, Smor-' gasbord 5:30 p.m. Program 8 p.m. 116 University PI. Contrib. $2; Students $1.50. Ausp. M ilitan t Labor Forum.

M ay 17 — I spent a l l day th is past S a tu rday glued to m y “ gog­gle bo x ” lis te n in g to the discus­sion a t the na tio n a l teach-in in W ashington. I t was a re fresh in g experience. F o rtu n a te ly , New Y o rk C ity has one T V s ta tion a ff ilia te d to the N a tion a l E duca tiona l Te le­v is io n n e tw o rk w h ic h broadcast the en tire proceedings w h ich began a t 9 a.m. and continued u n t i l past m id n ig h t.

A re cu rre n t them e in the com­p la in ts voiced b y c r it ic s o f the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n was th a t the governm ent had de lib e ra te ly w ith h e ld in fo rm a tio n , d is to rte d the news and fa ls ifie d rep o rts to de­ceive the people o f th is c o u n try about W ash ing ton ’s ro le in V ie t­nam .

Was H orrifiedIn the e a rly evening session one

young m an re la ted th a t he had lis tened to the N B C broadcast o f the a fte rnoon session and was h o r­r if ie d by w h a t he saw and heard. B y tendentious e d it in g and sp lic ­ing, the broadcast had sought to create the im pression th a t spokes­men fo r the a d m in is tra tio n ’s p o licy en joyed the support o f a decisive m a jo r ity in attendance a t the teach-in. Jus t the c o n tra ry was true .

T h is prac tice w i l l n o t come as a surp rise to readers and subscrib-

. ers o f The M il ita n t . B u t w h a t o f those w ho are n o t y e t in th a t fo rtu n a te category? I t ’s o u r re-

Scoreboard

City Quota SubsD e tro it 500 • 417N ew Y o rk 500 373Chicago 500 177Boston 275 161O akland 250 150C leveland 200 109T w in C ities 175 82Seattle 75 77N ew ark 200 70Los Angeles 200 67San Francisco 100 60D enver 100 58P h ila de lph ia 125 48M ilw au kee 100 18San Diego 50 10St. Lou is 15 8G eneral — 65

T o ta l to M ay 17 3,365 1,950

Cuban People Bring In Record Sugar Harvest

The k e p t press in th is coun try , e a rlie r in the year, had m any a r­tic les about the b leak and dism al prospects fac in g the Cuban sugar in d u s try . U nde r “ C om m unism ,” they said, a g r ic u ltu ra l p roduc tion is a lw ays destroyed.

N ow the Cubans have harvested a re a lly sizable sugar crop — over f iv e m il lio n tons by M ay 1 — and the ca p ita lis t press has fa lle n s trange ly silent.

P re m ie r F id e l Castro, in h is M ay D ay speech, co n fid e n tly asserted th a t the ha rvest w o u ld reach s ix m il lio n tons b y June 10.

“ Las t yea r on the f ir s t o f M ay w e had 3,602,000 tons o f sugar, and th is year we have 5,150,000 tons . . . W e w i l l reach s ix m il­lio n tons b y June 10 at the latest. F o r the im p e ria lis ts , th a t w i l l be s ix megatons o f sugar. F o r us they are m illio ns , b u t fo r the im p e ria l­ists they are megatons. Because in th e ir w ay o f lo o k in g at th ings, accord ing to th e ir dogm atic m en­ta li ty , in th e ir con tem pt fo r peo­ple, in th e ir m osqu ito bra ins de­veloped b y F B I stories and H o lly ­wood film s , how is i t possible to e x p la in how Com m unists can raise p ro du c tion fro m 3.8 m illio n s in1963 to s ix m illions? *’"

The im p e ria lis ts are “ go ing to have a tra u m a tic shock,” Castro w a rned in h is A p r i l 19 speech com m em orating Cuba’s v ic to ry at the B ay o f Pigs. “ They w i l l go crazy. They w i l l have to see h a lf a dozen psych ia tris ts . Because how

Fide l Castro

is i t possible th a t w ith o u t la t i­fund is ts [b ig landow ners ] and w ith o u t U.S. companies, and ih sp ite o f the economic boycott, w e can reach a p roduc tion o f s ix m il­lio n tons o f sugar?”

News Media Publicize Guatemala Guerrillas

The g u e rr il la m ovem ent in G ua­tem ala has rece ived some in te rn a ­tio n a l p u b lic ity recen tly . F o r ex ­ample, a ten -m inu te in te rv ie w w ith g u e rr il la leader A n to n io M arco Y on Sosa, f ilm e d in th e h ills , was shown on N B C -T V M ay 4. I t was p a rt o f a show about the C IA and the lo n g -te rm consequences o f the C IA in te rv e n tio n in G uatem ala in 1954.

A tape-recorded in te rv ie w w ith Y on Sosa was in the M a rc h -A p r il nu m be r o f the M exico C ity maga­zine Econom ia. The f u l l tex t, in E ng lish trans la tio n , was p rin te d by the P aris la b o r press service W orld O u tlo o k , A p r i l 16. A sample o f th a t in te rv ie w is the fo llo w in g re p ly by Y on Sosa to a question on the p o s s ib ility o f re vo lu tio n th rou gh elections.

“ I t w o n ’t solve anyth ing . F o r exam ple, perhaps no one has ever come to the presidency w ith as m uch po pu la r suppo rt as Juan Bosch in Santo D om ingo. O ver­n ig h t they gave h im the boot — the same as G ou la rt. He had good in te n tio ns and tr ie d to solve the problem s, b u t he cou ldn ’t. He ra n up against the in te rests o f im ­p e ria lism and im p e ria lis m said: ‘G ive th is d e v il a k ic k , ’ and w ham ! I t was to P ue rto Rico, I believe, the y expe lled h im . G ou la rt, in B ra z il, ca rried o u t some ag ra rian re fo rm s and then th is Castelo B ranco in the a rm y gave h im the boot. In short, you can’t settle an y th in g w ith elections.

“ Q. A socia list reg im e is needed, then?

“ A . Yes, th a t ’s i t e x a c tly .”A n im p o rta n t and de ta iled ac­

count o f the g u e rr il la m ovem ent can be found in the M ay 1965 M o n th ly R eview , no w on the stands. I t is w r it te n b y th e A rg e n ­tin e jo u rn a lis t A d o lfo G illy , w ho spent several weeks w ith the guer­r il la s in G uatem ala in Jan ua ry and F e b ru a ry th is year: G il ly a t­trac ted a tten tion e a r lie r b y h is a rtic le on Cuba in ' the O ctober1964 M o n th ly Review .

spo n s ib ility to see th a t the num ber o f M il ita n t readers and subscribers is increased to p ro v id e an a n ti­dote to the pro fessional tw is te rs w ho ta ilo r the news to f i t the propaganda lin e o f the m erchants o f deception.

W e are happy to re p o rt hav ing received a to ta l o f 604 new in ­tro d u c to ry subscrip tions since M ay 4 thus boosting ou r grand to ta l to1,950 new readers. W ith ju s t one m ore m on th to go before the dead­lin e a great deal m ore steam w i l l have to be generated beh ind ou r d r iv e to m eet o u r goal o f 3,500 new readers b y June 15.

...National Vietnam Teach-In(Continued from Page 1)

professors and th e y have decided to con tinue the teach-in organ iza­tio n and in s is t on ano the r na tio n ­a l debate.)

Nevertheless, an in d ica tio n o f the depth o f question ing now go­in g on in the academic com m u n ity was the fac t th a t Isaac Deutscher, the b iog rapher o f T ro ts k y and an avowed M a rx is t, was g iven the p la tfo rm fo r an address cha lleng­in g the basic assum ption o f the cold w a r — th a t Russia o r China are an aggressive m il i ta ry th rea t to the West.

C o rne ll Professor George K ah in , the m a in debater fo r the c ritics , po in ted ou t th a t the Geneva agree­m ents w h ich ended the F rench phase o f the V ie tn am w a r in 1954 “ c le a rly specified th a t V ie tnam was one cou n try .” The 17th p a r­a lle l was a tem po ra ry dem arca tion line , he said, qu o tin g the te x t o f the agreem ent, “ no t in any w ay to be in te rp re te d as con s titu tin g a p o lit ic a l o r te r r ito r ia l boundary.

“ Nevertheless the U n ite d States soon th e re a fte r set ou t to b u ild up a separate state in the South,” K a h in said, “ b u t A m erican aid was no subs titu te fo r na tio n a lis t support, som eth ing D ie m ’s reg im e never re a lly acquired, despite w h a t o u r o ff ic ia ls to ld Congress and the A m erican people . . .”

“ C iv il w a r became in ev itab le ,

fo r when a m il i ta ry s trugg le fo r pow er ends on the agreed cond i­tio n th a t the com petition w i l l be trans fe rred to the p o lit ic a l le ve l, can the side w h ic h v io la tes the agreed cond itions le g it im a te ly ex­pect th a t the m il i ta ry s trugg le w i l l not be resum ed?”

U n iv e rs ity o f C a lifo rn ia P rofes­sor R obert Scalapino, w h o stood in fo r the absent B un dy, said the U.S. m ust n o t be pushed ou t o f Asia. Y a le P rofessor M a ry W rig h t com m ented: “ I agree w ith h isve ry curious and earnest state­m en t abou t f ig h t in g fo r A m erican soil. I too w i l l f ig h t fo r A m erican soil. B u t w hen he makes th a t p lea fo r A s ia — ‘W e w i l l no t be m oved o u t o f A s ia ’ — I am ab­so lu te ly dum bfounded.”

T ouch ing on a question w h ich un de rlay the e n tire debate, Hans M orgen thau said: “ Professor Scal­ap ino speaks v e ry s o ftly about the establishm ent o f a ba lance o f pow ­er. I speak ve ry c ru d e ly abou t w a r against C h ina . . . A n d the uneasiness in the co u n try o f w h ich th is assem bly is an im pressive m an ifes ta tion , I th in k stems fro m th is ’ in s tin c tiv e reco gn ition . . . th a t i f you re a lly w a n t to achieve in A sia w h a t the spokesmen fo r o u r governm ent say they w a n t to achieve, you m ust be ready to go to w a r w ith C h ina, w ith a ll th a t th a t im p lies .”

Monday, May 24, 1965 THE M IL ITA N T Page Three

By Robert VernonThere is a lw ays a reason w h y

people attacked M a lco lm X in l i fe o r in death. W hen c iv i l r ig h ts l ib ­era ls do th is, they are expressing h o s t ility to a l l b lack people w ho are no t sa tis fied w ith and do no t sub m it to “ leadersh ip” b y w h ite lib e ra ls o r by Negroes fro n t in g fo r w h ite libe ra ls . These adversaries o f M a lco lm X , and o f a l l independ­en t e ffo rts b y b lack people to w a rd em ancipation, are fr ien ds o f the Negro, b u t enemies o f b lack peo­ple.

The m ost sophisticated a ttack launched since the phys ica l as­sassination o f M a lco lm X is an a rtic le by B aya rd R ustin and Tom K ahn, tw o p ro m in e n t “ w h ite l i b era ls” (R u s tin is Negro, b u t is d i f f ic u lt to d is ting u ish fro m a w h ite lib e ra l in h is po litics , m en­ta li ty , social ou tlook ; in fact, he is in some respects m ore backw ard than the average w h ite lib e ra l) , in the M arch 24 New A m erica , the lib e ra l pe rio d ica l published by the S oc ia lis t P a rty . The im p o r­tance attached to the a ttack is re­flected. in the fa c t th a t the a rtic le is re p rin te d unde r a d iffe re n t t it le in the S p ring issue o f Dissent, a lib e ra l in te lle c tu a l magazine fo r t ire d o ld rad ica ls and tire d young rad ica ls.

I f the lib e ra ls th in k th is new a t­tack is such g rea t s tu ff, perhaps w e m ig h t take a look a t it , to see w h a t th e ir lin e o f a rgum ent is, w h a t good po in ts the y m ake, i f any, and w h a t cute tr ic k s they em p loy to m ake th e ir po in ts.

R u s tin and K a h n take as th e ir m a in p o in t: “ M a lco lm X was a c h ild o f the ghetto and he was dedicated to the preserva tion of the ghetto, w h ic h he tho ugh t could be e ith e r transfo rm ed fro m w ith in o r transp lan ted to a ha pp ie r en­v iro n m e n t. T h a t was h is cen tra l e rro r, and he cannot be easily fo rg iv e n it . ”

T h a t isn ’t re a lly the “ cen tra l e rro r,” b u t th e y ’re ge tting w arm . H ere w e see a cute tr ic k , th a t o f presen ting M a lco lm X ’s v iew s as id e n tic a l w i th those o f E li ja h M uham m ad, as i f M a lco lm X had done no th in k in g on h is ow n, be­fo re o r a fte r the s p lit w ith the N a tion o f Is lam . Some lib e ra ls ta lk th a t w a y ou t o f ignorance, b u t R ustin and K a h n kn o w be tte r.

The a rgum ent is as in ine on the face o f it . M a lco lm X looked upon the b lack ghetto as a po ten tia l pow er base to be organized, w ith special p rob lem s w h ic h w ere no t and are no t be ing tack le d by the lib e ra l c iv i l r ig h ts organizations. N ow , b ig c ities w ith th e ir ghettos are w here m ost o f us liv e , so th is is no m in o r po in t.

The vast m a jo r ity o f b lack peo­ple, N o rth and South, are becom­in g concentrated in b ig c ity ghet­tos, no t in iso lated fa rm com m u­n itie s in the deep South, and the prob lem s w e face cannot be solved o r even e ffe c tiv e ly tack led by the lib e ra l c iv i l r ig h ts approach de­veloped fo r S ou thern ru ra l l i fe and fo r the Negro m id d le class. B u t to in te rp re t the focusing o f M a lco lm X and o th e r b la ck rebels on the ghettos as an a ttem p t to preserve the ghetto status quo is as r id ic u l­ous as c r it ic iz in g a un ion organ izer fo r t ry in g to organize w o rke rs in to a un ion instead o f t r y in g to in te ­gra te the p roduc tion w o rke rs in to the m anagem ent f ro n t office .

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The rea l “ cen tra l e r ro r ” com­m itte d by M a lco lm X and o ther b lack m ilita n ts , fo r w h ich they “ cannot be easily fo rg iv e n ,” is th e ir re fusa l to sub m it to lib e ra l “ leadersh ip” and to the Negro “ leaders” propped up by the mass m edia, lib e ra l m oney, and the fr ie n d ly , sm iling , non-racist p a rt o f the w h ite pow e r s truc tu re .

L e t ’s get th is m uch s tra ig h t. There is no th in g w ro n g w ith the N egro m idd le class ha v in g its o r­ganizations to f ig h t fo r its im ­m edia te needs, to solve its p ro b ­lem s b y its m ethods and ph ilos­ophy ( in c lu d in g no n -v io len t love, tum -the-other-cheek-ism , assim ila ­tio n in to the A m erican W ay o f L ife , the w ho le b i t ) .

I f the Negro m id d le class is q u ite sa tis fied w ith organ izations financed b y w h ite lib e ra l m oney, w ith m any a w h ite lib e ra l g rac ing th e ir boards o f d irectors, and w ith po lic ies designed n o t to o ffend libe ra ls , th a t is th e ir decision. They have a r ig h t to such organ iza­tions, a llies, and m ethods and goals o f strugg le . (C ons idering the m illio n s o f do lla rs pum ped an nu a l­ly in to such organ izations, the sup­p o rt and guidance they get fro m the lib e ra l pow er s truc tu re , the good press re la tions, the welcom e m at a t the W h ite House, etc., i t is astounding how l i t t le these lib e ra l organ izations achieve even fo r the Negro m id d le class!)

I t w o u ld be nice, and w o u ld c lear the a ir im m ensely, i f libe ra ls and m iddle-class Negroes w o u ld then say: “ We are o n ly in te rested in the prob lem s o f Negroes w ho seek in te g ra tion in to th is w onder­fu l A m erican W ay o f L ife as i t is. I f any Negroes have problem s th a t cannot be solved w ith in the e x is ting fra m e w o rk o f A m erican society, o r th a t cannot be solved by m ethods approved by us, by ou r w h ite lib e ra l friends,- and by o u r G rea t W h ite F a the r in the W h ite House, then th a t is th e ir p ro b lem !”

Keeping the L id OnB u t l i fe is no t th a t s im ple. L ib ­

era ls seek to con tro l the en tire range o f the Negro freedom s trug ­gle, to keep i t f ro m ge tting ou t o f hand, to m oderate it , m odu la te it, s tra it ja c k e t i t in th e ir ow n na rrow , l im ite d in terests, keep i t fro m g e ttin g a t the rea l problem s. The p rese rva tion o f the A m erican W ay o f L i fe d icta tes th a t b lack people be kep t sa fe ly in re s tra in t b y l ib ­e ra l and m iddle-class “ leadersh ip .”

I t requ ires th a t lib e ra l and m id ­dle-class “ leadersh ip ” be the on ly voice and representa tion n o t on ly o f m idd le -c lass Negroes, b u t o f “ the Negro,” and th is pos ition m ust be fo r t if ie d by generous funds, care- fu lly -eng inee red op in ion po lls ask­in g the r ig h t questions, an occa­s iona l pa t on the head by B ig D addy in the W h ite House, and even a Nobel Peace P rize to a pa c i­f is t w h o fa ils to oppose the wars w h ic h his ow n im p e ria lis t govern­m en t is conducting . I t also re­qu ires th a t independent b lack m ovem ents, organizations, and leaders addressing themselves to the problem s o f b lack people and seeking to b u ild a pow er base in ­dependent o f the N egro m id d le class, independent o f the lib e ra l pow e r s truc tu re , be attacked, rid icu le d , iso lated i f possible, even persecuted, ex iled , o r assassinated.

A n im p o rta n t p a rt o f the lib e ra l a ttack developed by R ustin and K a h n is th a t M a lco lm X and, the re fo re , a l l o the r b la ck ghetto m ilita n ts , o ffe r no th in g m ore than m ere rhe to ric , verb iage, a m il i ­ta n t s ty le o r posture. “ F o r a ll of his m ilita n c y , M a lco lm was in m any respects a conservative force in the Negro com m un ity . H is v io l­en t rh e to ric was a ‘cop-out.’ ”

T h is lin e o f a ttack is no t dema­gogic, b u t m eant s incere ly. I t goes ove r b ig w ith c iv il-r ig h ts libe ra ls . I t rests on the assum ption th a t the o n ly “ re a l” s trugg le is the c iv i l r ig h ts in te g ra tio n s trugg le as de fined b y libe ra ls , a n a rro w ­m inded assum ption satura ted w ith

m iddle-class contem pt and in d if ­ference to w a rd the working-class b lack people in the u rb an ghettos (and, rem em ber, th a t’s m ost o f u s !).

Some ghetto rebels, eq u a lly n a r­row -m inded , respond to th is a t t i­tude w ith the absurd v ie w th a t the s trugg le fo r c iv i l r ig h ts and in ­teg ra tion is phony and ju s t a d i­vers ion fro m the “ re a l” struggle.

Bayard Rustin

N e ith e r one-sided v ie w helps m uch. B o th the c iv i l r igh ts -in te g ra tio n s trugg le and the b lack ghetto s trug ­gle are real, m ean ing fu l, and f r u i t ­fu l — and m ust be made m ore so.

They are no t opposites, b u t in ­te rre la ted , re fle c tin g loca l d if fe r ­ences and class d iffe rences. A n y success achieved in one aspect o f the s trugg le w i l l a id the o ther; any defeat su ffe red in one is a defeat fo r the other. M a lco lm X stressed th is po in t, in fac t; b u t you w o u ld never kno w about tha t fro m th is a rt ic le b y B aya rd Rus­t in and Tom K ahn.

Friends and FoesM ore lib e ra l narrow-m indedness

shows up in the n e x t barrage f ro m R ustin and K ah n : “ B u tw hom d id M a lco lm re a lly f r ig h t ­en? S ure ly no t G o ldw a te r, o r E astland o r the rac is t pow er s truc ­ture . M a lco lm frigh te ne d and w o rr ie d w h ite libe ra ls , those m ost in sym pa thy w ith the m ovem ent, and those w ith gu ilt-fee lings .”

Note c a re fu lly w hom R ustin and K ahn sing le ou t as enemies. N o t the pow er s truc tu re , b u t the rac is t pow e r s truc tu re , i.e. D ix iec ra ts and others w ho oppose c iv i l r ig h ts o ve rtly . These ce rta in ly are ene­mies o f b lack people, b u t they are n o t the on ly enemies we have in th is G od’s C oun try .

One conspicuous enem y o f b lack people no t lis ted here is H is Im ­p e ria l H ighness, A rc h ite c t o f the G rea t Society Lyn do n B. Johnson, E m peror o f the Congo, South V ie tnam , and the D om in ican Re­pub lic , and L o rd and M aste r o f the Seven Seas and A l l Shores A d jace n t Thereto. Eastland and G o ld w a te r are n o t the ones w ho ru n th is rac is t coun try , a lthough they do have m uch to say. They cou ld be considered the enem y o n ly by libe ra ls w ho are con­cerned e xc lus ive ly w ith in te g ra ­tion , c iv i l r ig h ts , and ass im ila tion o f m id d le ;class Negroes in to th is best o f a ll possible societies.

B u t to p u t some substance in to the freedom -now “ re v o lu tio n ,” some changes, deep-going changes, re v o lu tio n a ry changes w i l l have to be b ro ug h t abou t in the social, eco­nom ic and p o lit ic a l s truc tu re , and the m ovem ent to b r in g them about w i l l have to be b u ilt . L ib e ra l cap­ita l is t A m erica is w i l l in g to th ro w ou t a few crum bs o f in te g ra tio n and c iv i l r ig h ts i f enough noise and pressure are made, and i f th a t w i l l he lp keep th in gs unde r con tro l. There can even be a G rea t

Society c rum b o r tw o to con the ghetto masses (b u t no t m uch m ore — the re isn ’t enough to go around even fo r poor w h ite s ) .

B u t the “ re v o lu tio n ” m ust no t be a llow ed to fa l l in to the w ro ng hands — in to the hands o f b lack people — any m ore than the re v ­o lu tio n in Santo D om ingo cou ld be sa fe ly en trus ted to the D om in ican people.

H o w lib e ra l ca p ita lis t A m erica w o u ld respond to such a catas­trophe is e loq uen tly dem onstrated b y the a r t i l le ry dug in around Santo Dom ingo, zeroed-in on the sections o f the c ity freed b y o u r D om in ican b lack b ro thers . The napa lm bombs da ng ling fro m the bays o f U.S. je t bom bers c a rry the same message fo r a l l peoples s tru g g lin g fo r freedom fro m lib - e ra l-rac is t ca p ita lis t A m erica . The Texas C owboy th a t Negro votes helped p u t in the W h ite House m akes i t p la in to the V ietnam ese and D om in icans:

W e love you fo lks . Y ou ’re ju s t fo lks , ju s t l ik e us. H ow dy, fo lks . We adm ire y o u r s trugg le and as­p ira tio n s fo r progress, y o u r great “ re v o lu tio n .” B u t now you ’ve fa lle n in to the hands o f irrespon­s ib le C om m ie conspirators. W e’re go ing to honor ou r solemn com ­m itm en ts to y o u r fo rm e r m asters by c lobbering you w ith napa lm bombs, v o m it gas, rockets, bu lle ts , flam e th row ers, and a fe w d ir ty tr ic k s w e can’t m en tion in pu b ­lic . B u t w e love you fo lks . A f te r w e ’ve subdued you and lassoed you and rep laced y o u r Com m ie leaders w ith good guys o f ou r choosing, w e ’l l show er you w ith a id and surp lus food and he lp you to y o u r r ig h t fu l place in the com ­m u n ity o f na tions. Honest in ju n , fo lks.

A cco rd ing to R ustin and K ahn, lib e ra ls lik e th is are o u r friends.

B efo re ge ttin g to the n e x t po in t, d ig th a t b i t abou t nobody be ing scared o f M a lco lm . The en tire press, rac is t to conservative to l ib ­era l, was and is ou t gunn ing

against “ irrespons ib le ” leaders, m ilita n ts w ho are n o t responsib le to w h ite libe ra ls . M a lco lm X was th e ir w o rs t o ffender. P o lice Com ­m iss ioner M u rp h y o f N ew Y o rk ( is he one o f o u r frie n d s too?) zeroed in on M a lco lm X and o th e r ghetto m ilita n ts persona lly . The New Y o rk T im es, voice o f the ru l­in g class, launched a “ B lood B ro th ­ers” hoax to set the stage fo r do­in g in M a lco lm X . Jus t p r io r to the assassination, the N e w Y o rk po lice engineered a b iza rred p rovo­cation, w ith a po lice agent pe r­sona lly p ro c u rin g dynam ite in an absurd “ p lo t” to b lo w up w h ite fo lk s ’ h is to rica l m onum ents.

H is M a jes ty ’s U nc le Tom , C a rl R owan o f the U.S. In fo rm a tio n Agency, sent T ru th Teams ru n n in g a l l ove r A fr ic a , dogg ing M a lco lm X ’s tracks, t ry in g to soften the im ­pact o f M a lco lm X ’s t r u th about U ncle Sam on o u r A fr ic a n b ro th ­ers. Even de G au lle , w h o like s to stand up to U nc le Sam and te l l the o ld buzzard o ff, fou nd M a l­co lm X too dangerous to be a l­low ed on F rench soil (de G a u lle is w o rr ie d abou t the b lack b ro th ­ers in Guadaloupe, M a rtin iq u e , “ F rench ” G u ia na ).

A f te r the assassination, N e w Y o rk po lice d isp layed scant in te r ­est in uncovering- the conspiracy beh ind it . Instead the y tr ie d to leak rum o rs p o in tin g a fin g e r a t o th e r b lack organ izations. U n ­kno w n hands pu lle d o f f a C IA - s ty le “ Reichstag f i r e ” on the B la ck M us lim mosque in H a rlem , e v i­d e n tly seeking to p rom ote f r a t r i ­c ida l w a rfa re among b lack people.

E xperts R ustin and K a h n ex­p la in to us: “ M a lco lm ’s k i l l in g is . . . o f a pa tte rn stam ped ch i ghetto life : Negroes s lashing Negroes in H a rlem on a S a tu rday n ig h t . . Jus t lik e the assassination o f Pa­tr ice Lum um ba???

[T o be concluded n e x t w eek w ith some rem arks on ghetto a t­titudes to non-vio lence and th e R ustin -K ahn a ttack on M a lco lm ’s m anhood.]

(Continued fro m Page 1)n ican people is acute. Las t Jan.11, The M il ita n t re p rin te d a re p o rt fro m E l J -14 , newspaper o f the June 14 M ovem ent. I t gave facts about p o ve rty in the D om in ican Republic. The per-capita incom e of w o rke rs is 14 cents a day. M ea t is unknow n to the b u lk o f the pop­u la tio n . The to ta l consum ption of m ilk is one glass per person eve ry o ther day. O n ly fo u r per cent of the po pu la tio n eats fish . E igh t pe r cent eats eggs.

The w ho le L a tin A m e rica n e x ­perience has made i t c lear th a t such cond itions cannot be changed w ith in the fra m e w o rk o f the social and economic status quo. T h is was borne ou t in the recent annua l re ­p o rt on the A llia n c e fo r Progress. The re p o rt found th a t a fte r fo u r years o f the A llian ce , food produc­tio n was lo w e r tha n a decade ago. H ousing construc tion d id no t meet tw o per cent o f the annua l need and land d is tr ib u tio n was v ir tu a lly n il.

W hat the re p o rt le f t unsaid was th a t in ne a rly eve ry cou n try w here there had been the m ost m odest e ffo rts to w a rd social p ro ­gress, the governm ents w h ich moved in th a t d ire c tio n had been crushed b y the loca l o ligarch ies and U.S. business in terests. B oth groups are de term ined no t to pe r­m it an inch o f progress th a t w o u ld c u t in to th e ir sup e r-p ro fits . A n d in each case w here they acted to c rush such governm ents they en­joyed p ro m p t support fro m W ash­ington.

The one exception to th is p ro ­cess has been Cuba. The re v o lu ­tio n the re began w ith the sim ple a im s o f independence fro m U.S. dom ina tion , dem ocracy, and land re fo rm . B u t s tr iv in g to achieve these goals, the Cubans found

they cou ld do so o n ly b y go ing beyond the fra m e w o rk o f ca p ita l­ism. T hey had to reorgan ize th e ir c o u n try on a soc ia lis t basis. O n th is socia lis t basis the y have made astonish ing social progress despite stupendous U.S.-imposed d i f f ic u l­ties.

T here is a tw o fo ld secret to the Cuban success. One was th a t they had a leadersh ip th a t was de term ined to achieve its goals, no m a tte r w h a t th a t en ta iled . The o th e r was th a t th is leadersh ip had the back ing o f an arm ed people. T h a t was the specter th a t ga lva ­nized a n e a r-h ys te rica l Johnson in to ac tion w hen he learned the D om in ican people had been arm ed.

Bad SituationEven w ith a n o n -re v o lu tio n a ry

leadership lik e Caamano, the fa c t th a t the people o f Santo D om ingo were arm ed p u t Johnson in a te r ­r ib le s itua tion . I f they had been unarm ed, a fe w com panies o f M arines cou ld have im posed one m ore m il i ta ry d ic ta to rsh ip on the coun try . W ith an arm ed populace, i t cou ld on ly be done b y a b lood­bath — one th a t cou ld touch o f f an a lready in fla m e d L a t in A m e r­ica. So even w ith h is n e a rly 32,- 000 m arines on the is land, John ­son was forced to reckon w ith the D om in ican people and to t r y to f in d some scheme to cheat them ou t o f th e ir asp ira tions fo r a de­cent life .

I f he can’t do i t w ith a m il i ta ry s trong man, he w i l l t r y to do i t w ith a p lia n t B osch -type p ro -c a p ­ita lis t, p ro -U .S . dem ocrat. B u t the m a in th in g he w i l l seek is the d isa rm ing o f the D om in ican peo­ple. I f he succeeds, th e ir asp ira ­tions w i l l be th w a rte d . I f the y c lin g to th e ir arms, the y have ev­e ry hope o f u lt im a te ly tr iu m p h in g ove r Johnson’s fo rce and deceit.

Repeat Time-Worn Slanders

A 'LEFT-WING' SMEAR OF MALCOLM X

. . .Dominican Republic Crisis

Page Four

r "►

R E V I E W Sand

R E P O R T S ISince the death o f M a lco lm X ,

a nu m be r o f pam phlets and a r­tic les have been pub lished on the s ign ificance o f h is l i fe and the e vo lu tion o f h is though t.

P ioneer P ub lishers has issued tWo pam ph le ts th a t con ta in the m ost com prehensive trea tm en t ava ilab le o f the last year o f M a l­co lm ’s l i fe and the developm ent o f h is ideas a fte r he le f t the B la ck M uslim s.

T w o Speeches by M a lco lm X (32 pp., 25c) includes the te x t o f a speech de live red before the M i l ­ita n t La b o r F o rum o f New Y o rk less than a m on th a fte r his s p lit w ith the N a tion o f Is lam ; com -, m ents he made a t a sym posium s h o rtly a fte r h is f i r s t t r ip to A f r i ­ca; the tra n s c r ip t o f a rad io in ­te rv ie w he gave soon a fte r his second t^ ip to A fr ic a ; a speech he gave about s ix weeks be fore his assassination; and more. T h is tigh tly -pa cked pam ph le t contains m ore o f w h a t M a lco lm said and tho ugh t in the la s t year o f his l i fe th a n any o ther source now in p r in t .

M alco lm X : The M an and H is Ideas by M il ita n t w r i te r George B re itm a n (24 pp., 25c) is the te x t o i a D e tro it m e m o ria l speech th a t traces the evo lu tion o f M a lco lm ’s though t, concen tra ting on the pe r­iod a fte r h is s p lit w ith M uh am ­mad.

The M a rc h -A p r il issue o f Y oung S ocia lis t contains an il lu m in a tin g in te rv ie w w ith M a lco lm , in w h ich he discussed such subjects as the s trugg le between socia lism and cap ita lism , the causes o f racism , the ro le o f w h ites in the freedom strugg le , and new thoughts on b lack na tiona lism . The M ay-June issue includes a N ew Y o rk m em ­o r ia l ta lk b y Jack Barnes, na tion ­a l cha irm an o f the Y oung Socia l­is t A llia n ce , discussing M a lco lm as a re v o lu tio n is t and the e ffec t he had on young revo lu tion is ts , w h ite and b lack, in th is coun try .

Spring IS RThe S p ring In te rn a tio n a l S ocia l­

is t R eview contains “ M a lco lm X : Voice o f the B la ck G he tto ” by R obe rt Vernon, M il ita n t w r i te r and au tho r o f the P ioneer pam ­ph le t, The B la ck G he tto ; and “ Some R e flections on the L ife and Death o f M a lco lm X ” by W ill ia mF. W arde, noted M a rx is t w r ite r on ph ilosophy and h is to ry .

T he A p r i l issue o f L ib e ra tio n contains a f in e a rtic le by M e lv in Le im an, economics professor at H a rp u r College. I t is in te res tin g to no te th a t Le im an, us ing the coverage o f M a lco lm ’s speeches in The M il ita n t as h is m a in source o f in fo rm a tio n , comes to some of the same conclusions as B re itm a n .

T he A p r i l issue o f L ib e ra to r conta ins tw o a rtic les on the assas­s ina tion . Ossie Sykes, a m em ber o f the e d ito r ia l board, reports on the b la ck co m m u n ity ’s reaction to M a lco lm ’s death. The o ther a r­t ic le gives an analysis by the R e vo lu tio n a ry A c tio n M ovem ent (R A M ) o f the reasons fo r the as­sassination. The M ay issue con­ta ins an a rtic le o f sho rt quotations

by the b lack n a tio n a lis t m a rty r , and an analysis by ed ito rs Sykes and C.E. W ilson o f M a lco lm as a leader o f the b lack com m un ity . The la tte r is m arred by a num ber o f unsupported conclusions ( fo r exam ple: “ M a lco lm X ’s deathm arked the end o f prospects tha t the Negro re v o lu tio n m ig h t be­come re v o lu tio n a ry ” ) and a fa i l­u re to d is ting u ish adequate ly M a l­co lm ’s v iew s be fore and a fte r the s p lit w ith M uham m ad.

The m ost hostile a rtic le in the rad ica l press — “ The M a rk of O ppression” by B aya rd R ustin and Tom K ah n — w h ic h appeared f ir s t in the M arch 24 New A m e r­ica, the S oc ia lis t P a rty newspaper, is discussed elsewhere in this- pa­per b y R obert V ernon.

M o n th ly R ev iew

“ The M u rd e r o f M a lco lm X ” by J igs G ardner in the A p r i l M o n th ­ly R eview supports M a lco lm as an opponent o f U n ited States cap­ita lis m and makes the p o in t th a t M a lco lm was m urdered because he became a th re a t to the system.

A n a rtic le w r it te n ju s t before M a lco lm ’s death b u t published ju s t a fte r, in the Feb. 25 V illage Voice, prov ides some va luab le m a­te r ia l fo r unders tand ing w h a t he was t ry in g to do. The au thor, M a r­lene Nadle, appears to have m ixed fee lings about M a lco lm and w h a t he stood fo r, b u t she is an accurate enough re p o rte r to get across some o f w h a t he had to say in the hours she in te rv ie w e d him .

She takes one o f M a lco lm ’s g reat g ifts — h is a b il i ty to com ­m un ica te w ith people, to ta lk w ha teve r language a p a rtic u la r audience understood — and de­scribes th is as w e a rin g a series o f co n tra d ic to ry masks. She calls M a lco lm a rac is t; b u t she quotes h im enough on the sub ject to show th a t he w asn’t. She quotes M a lco lm ex tens ive ly and accurate­ly , and though she p a r t ia l ly m is ­in te rp re ts w h a t he said, i t is the re fo r those w ho aren ’t p re jud iced to read and understand.

The A fro -A m erican Broadcast­in g Com pany, in D e tro it, has the d is tin c tio n o f ha v in g published the f ir s t record o f a M a lco lm speech— and i t is one o f h is best. Mes­sage to the Grass Roots was de­live re d in Novem ber, 1963, to an audience o f b lack m ilita n ts w ho had gathered in D e tro it fro m a ll over the cou n try to discuss the fu tu re o f the freedom strugg le . I t was the last m a jo r speech M a lco lm gave before h is s p lit fro m the B lack M uslim s, and shows he was then a lready beg inn ing to th in k on h is own. (F o r details, see ad on Page 5.)

M a lco lm X ’s au tob iography, of w h ich a sm all and m angled fra g ­m en t appeared in the S aturday E ven ing Post last September, was to have been pub lished by D oub le­day some tim e ago. B u t Doubleday changed its m in d (the reasons w o u ld be re ve a lin g ), and the book now w i l l be pub lished b y G rove Press, p ro ba b ly la te in the sum ­m er.

— D a v id H erm an

On Jan. 7, 1965, M a lco lm X gave h is th ird ta lk unde r the auspices o f the M il i ta n t Labo r F o rum o f New Y o rk , e n title d “ Prospects fo r F reedom in 1965.” In th is speech, s ix weeks before h is trag ic death, M a lco lm said th a t the The M il ita n t is one o f the best newspapers a n y ­w here . W e p rin te d m ost o f th is ta lk and a sm all p a rt o f M a lco lm ’s answers to questions fro m the au­dience in ou r Jan. 25 issue; the same m a te ria l is re p rin te d in the P ioneer P ub lishers pam ph let, T w o Speeches by M a lco lm X .

Now, on the occasion o f M a l­co lm ’s 40th b ir th d a y , w e p r in t v i r ­tu a lly the fu l l te x t o f M a lco lm ’s rem arks d u rin g the Jan. 7 discus­sion period. U n fo rtu n a te ly , most o f the questions he was answ ering w ere no t aud ib le on the tape fro m w h ic h the answers are transcribed.

In an a ttem p t to reproduce som eth ing o f the tone o f the m eet­in g and the in te rp la y between the speaker and the audience, w e de­p a r t fro m o u r usual p ractice and ind ica te the places w here the audience responded to M a lc o lm ’s answers w ith applause o r la ug h ­ter. E D ITO R .

* * *

In h is ta lk M a lco lm had re fe rre d to the s lum lo rds w ho ow n the houses in H a rlem , “ b u t don’t liv e the re them selves; usu a lly they liv e up around the G rand Con­course [B ro n x ] o r som ewhere.” A young w om an rose and said she was d is tu rbed by th is rem ark.

The la d y said th a t she’d en­joyed herse lf, bu t she ceased to fee l jo y fu l — I ’m paraphrasing the question — w hen I m entioned the land lo rds l iv in g up on the G rand Concourse. W e ll, they also liv e o the r places besides the G rand Concourse. B u t m any o f them liv e on the G rand Concourse. T h is is no re fle c tion on anybody on the G rand Concourse — o n ly on those w ho are g u ilty ( laugh te r, ap­p la u se ), on ly those w ho are g u ilty . I im ag ine i f I said C en tra l P ark W est o r C entra l P a rk East, some­one ove r the re p ro ba b ly w ou ld have fe lt bad. B u t I can’t th in k o f a ll those places, you know .

Yes m a’am. (W om an resumes speaking.) W hat d id you mean? Y ou see the re — you ’re touchy. You say i t sounds l ik e an anti- S em itic statem ent, (chuck le ) W hy does i t sound lik e an a n ti-S e m itic statem ent? A re Jews the o n ly ones w ho liv e on the G rand Concourse? ( applause ) You know , you m ig h t have some Ita lia n s up there , o r some Ir is h , o r som eth ing else. B u t i f Jews are the o n ly ones w ho liv e up there, then you should in ve s ti­gate, and f in d ou t w hy . (applause ) N ow you ’re go ing to say I re a lly sound an ti-S em itic . ( la u g h te r) No, you le t you rse lf in fo r it .

Political Action and LabelsThe gentlem an asks me i f I be­

lieve in p o lit ic a l action— num ber one. A n d i f the le ft is t groups got together and p u t me up fo r m ayor, w o u ld I run? I be lieve in p o lit ic a l action, yes. A n y k in d o f p o lit ic a l action. I be lieve in action, period . W hatever k in d o f action is neces­sary. W hen you hear m e say “ by any means necessary,” I mean exa c tly tha t. I be lieve in a n y th in g th a t is necessary to correct u n ju s t cond itions — p o lit ic a l, economic, social, physica l, an y th in g th a t’s necessary. I be lieve in i t — as long as i t ’s in te llig e n tly d irected and designed to get resu lts.

B u t I don ’t be lieve in ge tting in vo lve d in any k in d o f p o lit ic a l action o r o th e r k in d o f action w ith o u t s it t in g dow n and analyz­in g the poss ib ilities o f success or fa ilu re . A n d I also don’t be lieve th a t groups should re fe r to them ­selves as “ le ft is t , ” “ r ig h tis t,” or “ m idd le -is t.” I th in k th a t they should ju s t be w h a teve r they are and don ’t le t people p u t labels on them — and don’t ever p u t them on you rse lf. Sometimes a labe l can k i l l you.

A man, con tinu ing the discus­sion raised by th'e f i r s t questioner, asked in a cha lleng ing w ay about

the “ b lack bourgeois ie” w ho also liv e on the G rand Concourse.

W hen you say th a t some o f the b lack bourgeoisie also liv e on the Concourse, the im p lic a tio n of w h a t you are saying is th a t some o f our ow n people also are s lum la n d ­lo rds. I f you noticed, w hen I made m y reference to the Concourse, I d id n ’t say a n y th in g about any pa r­t ic u la r color. I m entioned s lum ­lo rds and w hoever lives up there. I inc luded everybody. Some of you-a ll are on the defensive. ( la ug h te r, applause ) I mean th is. I t ’s a dangerous th in g , you know , to le t you rse lf get to w here every tim e someone’s ta lk in g , you th in k th e y ’re ta lk in g about you. I t ’s not so good.

Now w here the b lack bourgeoi­sie is concerned, and the bo u r­geoisie m a in ta in in g th is p a rtic u la r b lack estab lishm ent — H e re ’s a book, ca lled The Negro M ood [b y Lerone Bennett, J r . ] — one o f the best. I f you can’t f in d th is book anyw here else, you can get i t fro m the N a tio n a lis t M em o ria l B ook­store, up on Seventh Avenue, be­tw een 125th and 126th: D r. M i- chaux. The Negro Mood. T here ’s a chap te r in the re ca lled “ The B lack E stab lishm ent,” and you ough t to read it . I t te lls you how the w h ite pow er s tru c tu re dow n­tow n con tro ls the b lack com m un­i t y th rou gh the b lack establish­ment.

A n d you ’l l see th a t i t ’s no t the b lack bourgeoisie th a t supports the b lack leaders — i t ’s the w h ite pow e r s tru c tu re dow n tow n. T h is is w h a t they mean w hen the y say a “ responsib le” Negro leader — one th a t they have p u t in pow er and use to m a in ta in the status quo. W hen they re fe r to “ respon­s ib le ,” th a t’s w h a t th e y ’re ta lk in g about. A n “ irrespons ib le ” Negro leader is one w ho is no t inside th e ir bag, you kno w — he’s go ing somewhere else.

So don’t t r y to p u t i t back on us. No, w e ’l l accept w h a teve r g u ilt we have, th a t is, the b la ck com­m u n ity w i l l accept o u r b lack bo u r­geoisie, th e ir m istakes, and a ll else, w e ’l l accept them a ll. I don’t deny any o f it . B u t w hen I made m y statem ent, i t was b lanke t. I cou ld have been speaking about Ita lians , Ir is h , Polish , eve ry th ing . B u t you jum ped up. Y o u ’re s it t in g on a ho t seat..

M a lco lm was asked w h e the r he w o u ld te s tify be fore the House U n -A m e rica n A c t iv it ie s C o m m it­tee.

I w o u ld w elcom e an o p p o rtu n ity to defend a n y th in g you ever hear me say — to anyone, anyw here, a t any tim e. ( applause) I ’l l go the re w ith o u t be ing called. The o n ly th in g is: Y ou don’t question me behind closed doors. Keep i t pub lic , and I ’l l take an y th in g you can th ro w . Keep i t ou t in pub lic .

F ra n k ly , I don’t th in k the re is a com m ittee in W ashington, D.C., th a t can defend its e lf w hen i t comes to the race prob lem in th is coun try . Y ou are taken to W ash­in g ton w hen they are t ry in g to connect you w ith a fo re ign power. They tre a t b la ck people in th is c o u n try l ik e w e ’re fore igners. I f w e get connected w ith ourselves w e ’re supposed to be subversive. ( la u g h te r)

No, b ro the r, I never w o rry about any k in d o f investiga tion . I th in k th a t o u r cause is ju s t. A nd I th in k th a t o u r patience has been s u ffic ie n t up to now to ju s t i fy show ing some im patience. W e’re ju s tif ie d . As I said ea rlie r, both Johnson and H um phrey , when they w ake up eve ry m orn ing , should tha nk God, w ha teve r God they be lieve in , tha t b lack people have shown the patience th a t w e ’ve shown, o r the ignorance th a t w e ’ve displayed, ( la ug h te r, ap­p lause) They should tha nk God and they should t r y to do some­th in g about i t be fore the im pa­tience increases.

Each o f those sa te llite countries are w a it in g and b id in g th e ir tim e. There m ig h t be a sa te llite today and i t m ig h t cease to be a sa te llite

to m o rro w — in th is m odern age. I t is tru e th a t m ost o f y o u r South A m erican countries are sate llites o f the U n ited States. B u t they don’t have to fee l bad. T h is coun­t r y made a sa te llite ou t o f K h ru s h ­chev, made h im lose his job. ( la u g h te r) E ve rybody becomes a sa te llite nowadays.

They d id — go and s tudy the re la tions between the U n ited States and Russia d u r in g the past fo u r o r f iv e years and you ’l l f in d th is c o u n try m aneuvered Russia in to alm ost becom ing a sa te llite . T hey had to get r id o f K h ru s h ­chev in o rder to get some o f th e ir independence back, ( la u g h te r, ap­plause)

I t ’s easy to become a satellite today w ith o u t even be ing aw are o f it . T h is c o u n try can seduce God. ( la ug h te r, applause) Yes, i t has th a t seductive pow er — the power o f do lla rism . Y o u can cuss out co lon ia lism , im p e ria lis m and a ll o th e r k in d s o f isms, b u t i t ’s hard fo r you to cuss th a t do lla rism . ( la u g h te r) W hen the y drop those do lla rs on you, y o u r soul goes.( la ug h te r)

M ilita n t W hites and BlacksThe b ro th e r w anted to know

w h a t p ra c tica l steps cou ld be ta k ­en to c o n fro n t th is u n ju s t s itua tion th a t exists here in N ew Y o rk and get some m ea n ing fu l resu lts. The one m istake th a t has been made in the s trugg le o f the oppressed against the oppressor is th a t i t has been fac tiona lized too m uch — too m any factions. Y o u ’ve got do w n­to w n factions, u p to w n factions, crosstown factions and some base­m en t factions. Instead o f them ha v in g any degree o f co-ord ination to w a rd a com m on ob jective , usua l­ly the y are d iv id e d and spend a lo t o f t im e e ith e r be ing suspicious o f each other, o r kno ck in g a t each other, o r even o u tr ig h t f ig h t -— each other.

W hereas you have b lack people in H a rlem w ho are m ilita n t, they don ’t go fo r w h ite people do w n­to w n too m uch, no m a tte r how m il ita n t the y are. N ow the blacks w ho come do w n to w n and m ix w ith the w h ites w h o are m ilita n t, usu a lly don ’t even kn o w how to ta lk to the blacks w h o are s t i l l up tow n . I had to b r in g th is out. I ’ve no ticed i t fro m observation.

You have a l l types o f people w ho are fed up w ith w h a t’s going on. Y ou have w h ites w ho are fed up, you have blacks w ho are fed up. The w h ites w ho are fed up can’t come up tow n too easily be­cause u p to w n is m ore fed up than anybody else and they are so fed up th a t i t ’s no t so easy to come up tow n.

W hereas the blacks up tow n w ho come d o w n to w n usu a lly are the type, you know , w ho alm ost lose th e ir id e n tity — the y lose th e ir soul, so to speak (c h u c k le ), (a p ­plause) — so th a t the y are n o t in a position to serve as a b ridge be­tw een the m il ita n t w h ites and the m il ita n t blacks. T h a t type can’t.- i t — I hate to h i t h im l ik e tha t, b u t i t ’s true . H e has los t h is iden ­t ity , he has los t h is fee lin g and usu a lly — p la y i t cool, please — he u su a lly has ac tu a lly los t his contact w ith H a rle m h im se lf. So th a t he serves no purpose, he ’s a lm ost rootless, he’s n o t up tow n and he’s no t fu l ly dow n tow n.

So w hen the day comes w hen the w h ites w ho are re a lly fed up,I don ’t mean these j iv e w h ites ( la u g h te r) , w ho pose as lib e ra ls and w ho are not, b u t those w ho are fed up w ith w h a t is go ing on, w hen the y lea rn ho w to re a lly es­tab lish the p ro pe r type o f com ­m un ica tion w ith those up tow n w ho are fed up and they get some coordinated action going, you ’l l get some changes. Y o u ’l l get some changes. A n d i t w i l l take both, i t w i l l take eve ry th in g th a t you ’ve got, i t w i l l take tha t.

B u t how m any s it t in g here r ig h t now fee l th a t they cou ld t r i ’Jx id e n tify w ith a s trugg le th a t ■* designed to e lim in a te the b „ . ic causes th a t create the conditions

THE MILITANTE d i t o r : J O S E P H H A N S E N

M a n a g in g E d i t o r : G E O R G E L A V A N B u s in e s s M a n a g e r : K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P u b l is h e d w e e k ly , e x c e p t d u r in g J u l y a n d A u g u s t w h e n p u b l is h e d b i - w e e k ly , b y T h e M i l i t a n t P u b l is h in g A s s ’n . , 116 U n iv e r s i t y P I . , N e w Y o r k 3 , N .Y . P h o n e C H 3 -2 14 0 . S e c o n d -c la s s p o s ta g e p a id a t N e w Y o r k , N .Y . S u b s c r ip t io n : $3 a y e a r ; C a n a d ia n , $ 3 .5 0 ; f o r e ig n , $4.50. S ig n e d a r t ic le s b y c o n t r i b u t o r s d o n o t n e c e s s a r i ly r e p r e s e n t T h e M i l i t a n t ’ s v ie w s . T h e s e a re e x p r e s s e d in e d i t o r ia ls .

Vol. 29 - No. 21 rgfj" n - Monday, M ay 24, 1965

THE M IL ITA N T —

P rev ious ly Unpublished Remarks by Malcolm X

Jlonday, May 24, 1965* Page Fiv«

►lished Remarks by Malcolm X

th a t exist? i'Jot ve ry m any. They can jiv e . B u t when i t comes to id e n tify in g you rse lf w ith a s tru g ­gle th a t is no t endorsed b y the pow er s truc tu re , th a t is n o t ac­ceptable, w here the g round ru les are no t la id dow n by the society w h ic h you liv e in and w h ich you ’re s tru g g lin g against — you can’t id e n tify w ith tha t, you step back. Oh, w hen th ings get bad enough, eve rybody gets in to the act. A n d th a t’s w h a t is com ing — in 1965. ( applause)

Put Blam e W here I t BelongsW hen you ask about the M is ­

siss ipp i [F reedom D em ocra tic ] p a rty , num ber one, they p u t the b lam e in the w ro ng place. Y ou dpn ’t b lam e M ississippians, M is ­sissippi Dem ocrats, fo r w h a t hap­pens in M ississipp i. W ho is the head o f the D em ocra tic P arty? The president. H e ’s the head o f the p a rty and the vice-head is the v ice pres ident. These are the ones w ho are responsible fo r th e seating o f these crackers fro m M ississipp i. Y o u ’d have to s it m e dow n here a ll n ig h t long and e xp la in i t to me d i f ­fe re n tly than tha t. P u t the b lam e w here the blam e is! A n d then you ’l l get resu lts . . .

F o r one th ing , you have got to get m ad, and you have to le t them k n o w th a t you have as m uch r ig h t in the house as they ; and i f bo th o f you can’t s it dow n in th a t house a t peace, i t ’s b e tte r fo r you to p u t i t on f ir e and b u m i t to the g round (applause ) , b u m i t to the ground.

N ow le t me e x p la in w ha t I mean ( la u g h te r) , so th a t I w o n ’t be m isquoted. (C h uck le ) ( la u g h ­te r) I ’m ta lk in g about the house in w h ich you liv e — y o u r rea l estate. So w hen you stoolpigeons go ou t o f here ( la u g h te r) and te ll the m an, you ’l l be sure to te ll i t r ig h t. Because w hen the y take me to cou rt, th a t’s w h a t I ’l l say — I was ta lk in g about houses. ( laugh­te r, applause) B u t you get the p o in t.

There are m any w h ite people in th is cou n try , especia lly the younger generation, w h o rea lize th a t the in ju s tic e th a t has been done and is be ing done to b lack people cannot go on w ith o u t the chickens com ing hom e to roost e ve n tua lly . A n d those w h ite peo­ple, even i f th e y ’re n o t m o ra lly m otiva ted , th e ir in te lligence forces them to see th a t som eth ing m ust be done. A n d m any o f them w ou ld be w i l l in g to in vo lve themselves in the type o f opera tion tha t you w ere ju s t ta lk in g about.

F o r one, w hen a w h ite m an comes to me and te lls me how lib e ra l he is, the f ir s t th in g I w a n t to know , is he a non-v io len t lib e ra l, o r the o the r k in d , ( la u g h ­te r) 1 don ’t go fo r any non-v io len t •white libe ra ls . I f you are fo r me '.■and m y prob lem — w hen I say ane, I mean i l s , ou r people — then you have to be w i l l in g to

do as o ld John B ro w n d id . (ap ­plause) A nd i f you ’re no t o f the John B ro w n school o f libe ra ls , w e ’l l get you la te r — la te r.( laugh te r)

The M an You Think You A reI fo r one don’t th in k we should

s it around and w a it fo r the Su­prem e C ourt, o r Congress, o r the Senate, o r the president. I f you don’t need the p res ident to te ll you you ’re a hum an being, you in s u lt me to te ll me to w a it fo r the president. A n d i f you don ’t need the Suprem e C o u rt to te ll you you have the r ig h t to go to school, you in s u lt me again i f you expect me to w a it fo r the Suprem e C ourt. O r you in s u lt me i f you expect me to w a it on some c iv i l r ig h ts leg is la tion .

No, I ’m the m an you th in k you are, and i f i t doesn’t take leg is­la tio n to m ake you a m an and get y o u r r ig h ts recognized, don’t even ta lk th a t le g is la tive ta lk to me. I f w e ’re bo th hum an beings, w e ’l l bo th do the same th in g . A nd i f you w a n t to kn o w w h a t I ’l l do, f ig u re ou t w h a t you ’l l do. (chu ck le ) ( la ug h te r, applause) I ’l l do the same th in g — on ly m ore o f it .

Two Minutes on VietnamAddress m yse lf to V ie tn am fo r

tw o m inutes? I t ’s a shame •— th a t’s one second. I t is, i t ’s a shame. Y ou p u t the governm ent on the spot w hen you even m en­tio n V ie tnam . T hey fee l em bar­rassed — you no tice that? (chu ck le ) ( la ug h te r, applause) no t even have to read the news­papers about South V ie tnam , and you can’t b lam e them . I t ’s ju s t a tra p th a t they le t themselves get in to . I t ’s John Foster D u lles th e y ’re t ry in g to b lam e i t on, be­cause he’s dead.

B u t th e y ’re trapped, they can’t get out. Y ou no tice I said “ they .” T hey are trapped, they can’t get out. I f they po u r m ore m en in , th e y ’l l get deeper.. I f they p u ll the men out, i t ’s a defeat. A n d they should have kn o w n i t in the f irs t place.

F rance had about 200,000 F renchm en ove r there , and the m ost h ig h ly m echanized m odern a rm y s it t in g on th is earth . A nd those l i t t le r ice fa rm ers ate them up, and th e ir tanks, and eve ry­th in g else. Yes, the y d id , and F rance was deeply entrenched, had been the re a hundred o r m ore years. Now i f she cou ldn ’t stay the re and was entrenched, w hy, you are ou t o f y o u r m in d i f you th in k Sam can get in over there. ( la ug h te r, applause)

B u t w e’re no t supposed to say tha t. I f w e say tha t, w e ’re anti- A m erican , o r w e ’re seditious, o r w e ’re subversive, o r w e ’re advo­ca ting som eth ing th a t’s no t in te l­ligen t. So' th a t’s tw o m inutes, s ir. N ow , th e y ’re tu rn in g around and ge tting in a worse s itua tion in the

Congo. T hey ’re ge tting in to the Congo the same w ay they got in to South V ie tnam . They pu t D iem over there. D iem took a ll o f th e ir •money, a ll th e ir w a r equ ipm ent and eve ry th in g else, and got them trapped. Then the y k il le d h im .

Yes, they k il le d h im , m urdered h im in cold blood, h im and his b ro the r, M adam e N h u ’s husband, because they w ere embarrassed. They found o u t (chuck le ) tha t they had made h im strong and he was tu rn in g against them . So they k il le d h im and p u t b ig M in h in h is place, you know , the fa t one. A n d he w o u ld n ’t ac t r ig h t, so the y got r id o f h im and p u t K hanh in h is place. A n d he’s s tarted te l l­in g T a y lo r to get out. Y ou know , w hen the puppet starts ta lk in g back to the puppeteer, the puppet­eer is in bad shape. (applause )

The Congo, Cuba, and L awThey [th e A m erican govern­

m e n t] p u t Tshombe in power. N ever le t them te ll you i t was an accident th a t Tshom be got in power. A v e ry h ig h ly placed A f r i ­can o ff ic ia l to ld me th a t one of the m ost p o w e rfu l men in the State D epartm ent jum ped on an a irp lane and fo llow ed an A fr ic a n leader a ll the w a y hom e ove r a yea r ago, begging h im to use h is in flue nce to get o th e r A fr ic a n heads o f state to accept Tshombe as the p rim e m in is te r o f the Con­go. T h is was ou t o f W ashington, D.C., w here you and I send taxes . . .

They p u t Tshom be there be­cause Tshom be was the o n ly A f r i ­can w h o was c r im in a l enough to pa rtic ip a te in the scheme th a t the W estern powers had o f sending in W estern troops a fte r the so- ca lled lega l head o f governm ent w o u ld ask fo r them . Y ou notice how they d id th is . They knew the y w ou ld have to send W estern troops over the re to save the Con­go fo r W estern in terests. B u t they had to have a m an to m ake i t lega l w ho w o u ld ca ll them in . . .

B y the w ay, i f the U n ited States ju s tifie s its e n try in to the Congo w ith its m il ita ry forces s im p ly be­cause the head o f state asks them , then Castro, w ho is the lega l head o f Cuba, was w e ll w ith in his r ig h ts to ask Russia to p u t m is ­siles in Cuba, (applause) I t ’s the same argum ent — i f one is sover­eign, bo th are sovereign.

The last questioner of the eve­ning indignantly asked if Malcolm thought the three civil rights workers killed in Mississippi were cowards. He interrupted several times. He said he had been to M is­sissippi. A woman joined in the attack w ith a challenge about M alcolm ’s going to Mississippi. The questioner got more and more heated and antagonistic as M a l­colm answered him calmly.

S ir, I have g reat respect and ad­m ira tio n fo r one w ho has the nerve to t ie h is own hands and then w a lk ou t and le t a b ru te b ru ta lize h im . I have to respect h im because he’s do ing som eth ing th a t I don’t understand. ( laugh­te r ) W ha t he’s do ing is beyond m y pow er to even com prehend.

I t w o u ld be lik e p u ttin g hand­cu ffs on me and p u ttin g me in the r in g and te ll in g me to f ig h t Cassius C lay, o r Sonny L is to n , no n -v io len tly . I don ’t th in k I could do it , and w hoever could do it, you kn o w — pow er to you.

A l l I am saying, s ir, is th is : W hen you ’re in M ississipp i, when

i you ’re dea ling w ith an enemy, ' the re m ust be some dialogue, you

have to be ab le to com m unicate. In the m ed ium o f com m unica tion you usu a lly use language. You m ust use the language tha t the o th e r person understands. I f you ’re speaking to someone w ho can speak o n ly F rench , you can’t speak G erm an to h im , o r Ita lia n , o r S w a h ili. Y ou have to speak to h im in the language he unde r­stands. W hen you ’re in M ississip­p i, speaking the language o f m o r­a lity , o r the language o f non-v io­lence, you ’re no t com m unica ting . ( la ug h te r, applause) Y o u ’re ta lk ­in g a language the y don’t un de r­stand.

A l l I suggest is, and I don’t suggest i t as condem nation o f COFO or SNCC — I kn o w too m any o f them , th e y ’re b rave s tu ­dents, m en and a l l tha t. A l l th a t I ’m saying is since y o u r approach, as you say, is “ ta c tic a l” — a tac­t ic a l approach is designed to get ce rta in resu lts, i t ’s designed to keep you a live , i t ’s designed to b r in g you v ic to ry . W hy, w e ju s t can’t say v ic to ry has been b rough t about. We can’t say th a t i t is p re ­serv ing life .

I ’m in c lin ed to be lieve th a t i f you take the same people w ho are so dedicated and don ’t t ie th e ir hands; te ll them to be peaceful, te l l them to obey the law , te ll them to be d isc ip lin ed and a ll tha t. B u t at the same tim e te ll them w h ile you are obeying the law , and t ry in g to h e lp teach the peo­p le o f M iss iss ipp i w ho are b lack how to reg ister, so th a t the y too can obey the law , anyone who steps up then and tr ies to keep you fro m th is reg is tra tio n , th e y ’re b re ak ing the la w , th e y ’re la w ­breakers, the y ’re c rim ina ls .

W hy then, w h a t k in d o f la n ­guage are you go ing to use? Love? Y ou ’ve got the w ro ng language. T hey don ’t love themselves, they don ’t love each other, the re ’s no love between them . So I ’m no t c r it ic iz in g you o r condem ning you, b u t I ’m question ing y o u r tactics. I ’m question ing y o u r tactics. (Q uestioner speaks again.)

No, no, i f S chw em er cou ld come back here and ta lk to you, o r w h a t’s the b lack one’s name? L e t me te ll you som ething. I was over in A fr ic a and I read w h a t they d id to Chaney. T hey said th a t they beat th a t b lack one to death; the y shot the o ther tw o , b u t they said they beat eve ry bone and eve ry bone was broken. N ow you kn o w w hat? I th in k people w ho te ll o u r people to be non-v io len t are a lm ost agents o f the K u K lu x K la n . (p ro longed applause) I don’t th in k 1965 w i l l be a ve ry non-v io len t year. Y o u r yea r was ’64. (applause, laugh te r)

I ’m going dow n to M ississipp i m yse lf, I ’ve been in v ite d to go

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on dow n the re (applause) and A labam a and some o f those o ther places, and you know , I ju s t don ’t see non-v io lence . (W om an speaks.) Y ou can go w ith me. ( applause ) (Q uestioner again. C ha irm an : “ Can w e have some o rde r? ” ) I don’t b lam e h im — he’s excited,I w o u ld be exc ited too. (Ques­t io n e r continues.)

N ow look here, b ro the r, i f you ’re go ing to be non-v io len t in M ississipp i, you should be non­v io le n t here too. (chu ck le )( la u g h te r, applause) I ’ l l te l l you w hy. I t w o u ld be m ore “ ta c tic a l” to be non-v io len t w ith m e than i t w o u ld be (chu ck le ) to be non­v io le n t w ith the K la n . F o r a lo t o f reasons.

I don’t w a n t you to th in k I ’m a ttack ing COFO. I kn o w James Form an, I saw John L e w is in N a iro b i las t sum m er, in K enya, the land o f the M au M au — he was over there in Zam bia and o th e r places. A n d th e y ’re a ll fr ien ds o f m ine.

A s I said in m y open ing state­m ent, I be lieve th a t the M au M au was one o f the f i r s t and forem ost o f the lib e ra tio n m ove­m ents on the A fr ic a n con tinen t. A n d in eve ry instance on the A f ­r ica n con tine n t w here the p o in t was made, i t took groups th a t w ere com m itted — com m itted to any means necessary to b r in g recog­n it io n and respect to th e ir people. W hether i t be on the A fr ic a n con tinen t, o r w h e the r i t be in M iss iss ipp i, A labam a, N e w Y o rk C ity , i t takes groups o f people, be they w h ite o r be the y b lack, w ho are com m itted to any means necessary to preserve the live s and p ro p e rty o f people w hen the la w its e lf shows th a t i t ’s incapable o f do ing its job.

In B ro o k ly n you have the Has- id ic Jews w ho have fo rm ed v ig i­lan te com m ittees. Y ou have them in o th e r pa rts o f the cou n try . No one th in k s i t ’s so w rong . W e ll,I say th a t a l l w e need is C few . O n ly because o f the type d f Op­pression and ty ra n n y and opposi­t io n w e are con fron ted by, ours need to be in v is ib le . Y ou k n o w w h a t I mean b y in v is ib le — in ­v is ib le . Y ou never see them . Y ou ju s t fee l them . T h a n k you. ( ap­p lause)

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A T FO R U M . M alcolm X delivers rem arks quoted here at M i l i ­tant Labor Forum . Seated is C lifton D eBerry, Socialist Workers' P arty candidate for M ayor of N ew Y ork , who was chairman.

Page Six THE M ILITANT Monday, May 24, 1965

A Harlem Rights Fighter's Decision

'Why I Joined the Socialist Workers Party'By Paul Boutelle

Since I have now decided to become p a rt o f the in te rn a tio n a l soc ia lis t m ovem ent, I fee l th a t b r ie f ly o u t lin in g m y p o lit ic a l de­ve lopm en t m ay he lp others to see th a t a w o r ld soc ia lis t re v o lu ­t io n w i l l free a ll m a n k in d fro m m any o f the il ls th a t now in fe s t the w o rld .

I was b o m 30 years ago in H a r­le m H osp ita l, N e w Y o rk C ity . M y fo rm a l education was in the loca l e lem en ta ry schools u n t i l 1950, w h en I a ttended Com m erce H ig h School fo r one year. A t the age o f 16, a fte r ten b o rin g years o f school, I q u it. I have no regrets a t th is t im e o ve r th a t decision. W hen I s ta rted to acqu ire a rea l educa tion in m y e a rly tw enties,I d id n o t have th a t m uch ins id ious b ra in w a sh in g to get ou t o f m y m ind .

The c u rr ic u lu m o f the p u b lic schools I attended inc luded such ra c is t gems as “ L i t t le B la ck Sam­bo,” “ D ic k and Jane” w ith th e ir w h ite m iddle-class suburban back- - g round, g w h ite rac is t slavem aster “ G eorge W ash ing ton” w ho I was to ld is the fa th e r o f “ o u r” cou n try and freed h is slaves in h is w i l l . A lso I was tau gh t to s ing the standard ins id ious nonsense, “ M y C o u n try ’T is o f Thee,” “ A m erica the B e a u tifu l,” “ The S ta r Spangled B a n n e r” and to rec ite th a t v ic ious lie , “ The P ledge o f A lleg iance ” about “ lib e r ty and ju s tice fo r a ll. ”

T o dissect and analyze the so- ca lled system o f education in A m erica , w h ic h ac tu a lly is a sys­tem o f mass in d o c trin a tio n , w o u ld be a vast book in itse lf. L e t i t su f­f ic e to say th a t I d iscovered th a t th e m a in func tions o f the A m e r i­can school system, the e n tire mass m ed ia o f com m unica tion , the w o r ld o f e n te rta in m en t and the churches are the teaching o f the u n h o ly t r in i ty “ C h r is tia n ity , C ap i­ta lis m and Caucasianism ,” and a t­te m p tin g to persuade a ll A m e r i­cans to ju dg e e ve ry th in g fro m those po in ts o f v ie w .

M y god fa the r in troduced m e to some o f the w o rks o f J .A . Rogers on A fr ic a n and A fro -A m e rica n his­to ry w hen I was around 12, bu t I d id n o t re a lly begin to de lve in to i t seriously u n t i l m y e a rly tw en ties.

I t was* o n ly d u r in g the last seven years th a t I began to acqu ire an awareness o f the tru e h is to ry of A fr ic a n s and A fro -A m ericans, know ledge o f the w o r ld in general and the h is to ry o f o th e r e thn ic g ro u p s , th a t m ake up the hum an fa m ily .

M y f ir s t aw aken ing was a na­tio n a lis t aw akening, a fee lin g of p r id e in be ing b lack and a fee ling o f revu ls io n and ha tred a t w h a t th is c a p ita lis t ra c is t system d id and is do ing to people o f co lor th rou gh ou t the w o rld . A ro u n d 1957 I began lis te n in g to m any

Malcolm X Memorial Meetings

" j The tw o past issues o f The 1M il ita n t repo rted th a t a m em oria l m ee ting fo r M a lco lm X , a t w h ich h is w id o w and others w ere to speak, w o u ld be he ld M ay 26 at R ock land Palace in N ew Y o rk un de r the auspices o f the M alco lm X M e m o ria l C om m ittee.

The M il ita n t d id n o t kn o w th a t ano the r m e m o ria l t r ib u te was be ing p lanned on the occasion of M a lco lm ’s 40th b ir th d a y and w o u ld be he ld a t R ock land Palace on M ay 19, w ith E lla C o llin s and James Shabazz lis ted am ong the speakers. W e d id no t rece ive th is in fo rm a tio n u n t il a fte r ou r M ay 17 issue had gone to press, and the re ­fo re cou ld no t in fo rm o u r readers be fore i t was held.

W e re g re t (1 ) no t be ing able to pu b lic ize the M ay 19 m eeting, and

j (2 ) th a t i t was no t possible to have a single, un ite d m em o ria l on such an occasion. — E d it o r .

P A U L B O U TE LLE . Born 30 years ago in H arlem . Attended public schools until age o f ' 16. W orked at m any occupations including truck driver, garden­er and salesman; now employed as cab driver. Spent past seven years studying d ifferent ideol­ogies and organizations cla im ­ing to have answers to prob­lems of contemporary society. Active since 1963 in try ing to organize Freedom N ow Party. M arried and father of 9 -y e a r- old son.

m ilita n t A fr ic a n and A fro -A m er- ican speakers fro m M a lco lm X to the non-re lig ious b lack n a tio n a l­ists.

I fe lt then, as I do now, th a t b lack na tion a lism is necessary to the he a lth y developm ent o f m y people. W e f ir s t have to respect, honor, kn o w and love ourselves as hum an beings before we can establish a he a lth y re la tio nsh ip w ith others. The rac is t ru le rs o f the W estern w o r ld rea lize th a t as long as b lack people fee l in fe r io r to w h ites and are kep t ig no ran t o f th e ir tru e h is to ry , the status quo can easily be m a in ta ined and b lack people kep t enslaved. A n y m ovem ent am ong blacks fro m the Congo to H a rle m to recognize themselves as hum an beings and to s tr iv e to con tro l themselves eco­no m ica lly , c u ltu ra lly , p o lit ic a lly or o therw ise is de trim e n ta l to the U n ite d States governm ent and a ll o th e r ru l in g classes o f the W estern w o rld .

How ever, b lack na tiona lism is a tem po ra ry phase in the develop­m en t o f b lack people as hum an beings in the vast 3,400,000,000 people o f va rious e th n ic groups th a t in h a b it th is p lanet. B la ck na­tio n a lism can be de trim e n ta l un ­de r im p rope r leadersh ip and w ith ­ou t a class unders tand ing o f so­c ie ty . A l l th a t g litte rs is no t gold, and some o f those th a t y e ll b lack na tiona lism can be m asquerading unde r a fa lse fro n t w hen they c la im an in te res t in the su ffe r in g b lack masses.

In 1963 the Chinese spoke o f three types o f na tiona lism in one o f th e ir rep lies, to Russia d u rin g the S ino-Soviet d ispute — prog­ressive, reac tiona ry and chauv in ­is tic na tiona lism . The la tte r tw o are w h a t b lack people have to be w a ry of. I rea lized th a t as im ­po rta n t as b lack na tiona lism and the s tudy o f A fr ic a n and A fro - A m erican h is to ry are, i t is d i f f i ­c u lt, w ith o u t a broad ou tloo k o f the w o r ld as a w hole , the h is to ries o f o the r e thn ic groups, the h is to ry and developm ent o f classes, r e l i­gions, science, to t r u ly understand the w o r ld and develop e ffec tive means fo r chang ing the status quo fo r the be tte rm en t o f the op­pressed peoples.

M y search fo r unders tand ing w en t in to in ves tig a ting m any p h il­osophies, re lig ions and d iffe re n t h is to rica l po in ts o f v ie w . I was lo ok in g fo r the ideo logy o r p h il­osophy th a t had a t r u ly un ive rsa l ou tlook and th a t w o u ld be no t

on ly a gu ide fo r unders tand ing b u t a gu ide fo r action to b r in g about change.

In socia lism I k n o w th a t I have found it . D ia le c tica l m a te ria lism I be lieve to be the best fram e o f reference to judge m yse lf, m y peo­ple, people in general and the w ho le w o r ld o f na tu re and a ll o f its m anifestations. The t ru th is be ing revealed to me m ore and m ore eve ry day o f the necessity fo r a socia lis t re v o lu tio n u t il iz in g the too ls o f M a rx ism to free a ll m an k in d fro m c u ltu ra l, ethn ic, p o lit ic a l and econom ic ty ra n n y .

I be lieve th a t M a lco lm X was m ov ing in a d ire c tio n w h ic h w o u ld have g re a tly aided the s trugg le o f A fro -A m ericans fo r to ta l em anci­pa tion . I had the pleasure o f hear­in g h im fo r seven years, and o f w a tch in g his g radua l change d u r­in g the yea r be fore h is trag ic death. H e developed aw ay fro m the too-easy exp lana tion th a t peo­p le w ith less p igm en ta tion in th e ir sk ins are the cause o f the w o r ld ’s problem s, to the p o in t w here he rea lized th a t th is v ic ious system makes dev ils ou t o f m ost o f the people w ho l iv e in it , b lack and w h ite .

D ia le c tica l m a te ria lism exp la ins the fac t th a t w h ites have the un ­ho ly d is tin c tio n o f be ing the per­pe tra to rs o f oppression ove r a 400-year period. I t also exp la ins the non-w h ite class-conscious re ­v o lt ta k in g place in the w o rld and the fa c t th a t the class con­tra d ic tio n s in w h ite society w i l l cause w h ite w o rke rs and op­pressed w h ites to see th a t they have a stake in b u ild in g a be tte r w o rld .

I t shows how w e can b u ild a w o r ld w here people are no longer a lienated fro m themselves, fro m na tu re and fro m th e ir p o lit ic a l and econom ic in s titu tio n s ; a w o rld w here w e can be m asters of ou r ow n destiny, kn o w in g o u r past, ow n in g ou r present, consciously p la n n in g o u r fu tu re , and fac ing problem s o the r than race, re lig ion , class and economic insecu rity .

Voted RepublicanIn 1956 as a p o lit ic a l novice I

voted a s tra ig h t R epublican tic k e t and in 1957 I became a m em ber o f the N A A C P . B y the tim e o f the 1960 elections I had acquired enough awareness to rea lize th a t the re w asn ’t any re a l d iffe rence between K ennedy and N ixon . T h rough m eeting pe tition e rs o f the Socia list W orkers P a rty , reading th e ir l ite ra tu re and a ttend ing meetings, I changed fro m a poten­t ia l non-vo te r th a t yea r to a vo te r fo r the p re s id en tia l t ic k e t o f the SWP. I d id no t jo in any p o lit ic a l pa rty , b u t fro m 1960 onw ard I began to survey the p o lit ic a l groups and tendencies, bo th ra d i­ca l and re fo rm is t. P o lit ic a l science and economics became tw o o f m y m a in interests.

In 1963 I heard W ill ia m W orthy , A fro -A m e rica n jo u rn a lis t, p u b li­cize the idea o f an a ll-b lack po­li t ic a l p a r ty and I was favo rab le to w a rd it . F rom the fa l l o f 1963 u n t i l e a rly 1965 I was active in t ry in g to b u ild a Freedom Now

I Want to HelpThe MilitantEnclosed is my contribution

to the M ilita n t Fund

Name ............................................

Address ........................................

C i t y ........................S ta te ............

P a rty among b la ck people. I fee l th a t a p o lit ic a l o rgan iza tion t ru ly rep resenting the needs and in te r ­ests o f A fro -A m ericans can be v e ry in s tru m e n ta l in ge tting them in te rested and in vo lve d in po litics . P o lit ic a l educa tion o th e r than w h a t the estab lishm en t o ffe rs is v ita l to the s trugg le fo r b lack freedom .

Because cap ita lism is an ti-b lack and a n ti-w o rk in g class, i t o ffe rs no prospect fo r freedom in d iv id u a lly o r c o lle c tive ly fo r oppressed b lack peoples and w o rke rs o f a l l na tio n ­a lities. A Freedom N ow P a rty p ro m o tin g the in te rests o f the b lack masses w ho are p re do m i­n a n tly w o rke rs w i l l have to be in c o n flic t w ith the ca p ita lis t system and the ru le rs o f the sys tem M y recent experiences have forced me to conclude th a t i t is p rem atu re a t th is tim e fo r a F reedom N ow P a rty to ach ieve mass g row th . B u t in the near fu tu re I hope to be active w ith o th e r A fro -A m e ri­cans in c rea ting a mass, class­conscious, p o lit ic a l p a r ty o f b lack people.

Arrested TwiceD u rin g the sum m er o f 1964 I

was arrested tw ice as I attem pted to speak a t p u b lic m eetings in H a rlem to express m y p o lit ic a l v iew s and w in support fo r m y cam paign as Freedom N ow P a rty candidate fo r the State Senate fro m the 21st d is tr ic t. The arrests w ere the re su lt o f the ban on cer­ta in groups and in d iv id u a ls speak­in g in H a rlem a fte r the “ d is tu rb ­ances” las t Ju ly . I w on ' m y cases in cou rt and now have a la w s u it against the C ity o f N ew Y o rk fo r false arrest.

A f te r observ ing d iffe re n t socia l­is t and com m unis t organ izations, such as the C om m unis t P a rty , So­c ia lis t P a rty , S oc ia lis t L a b o r P a r­ty , Progressive La bo r M ovem ent and S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty , and a fte r becom ing acqua inted w ith th e ir lite ra tu re , past record and fu tu re plans, I have chosen the S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a r ty as the p a r ty best su ited to u n ite re v o lu ­tio n a ry A m ericans w ith oppressed peoples th ro u g h o u t the w o rld .

I have read m any w o rks by Leon T ro ts k y and SW P members, and have learned th a t the SW P has a consistent record o f engag­in g in independent class po litics , is the M a rx is t o rgan iza tion th a t has developed the best analysis o f b lack na tiona lism , and has been fro m the s ta rt a f i r m suppo rte r o f e ffo rts to b u ild an independent b lack p o lit ic a l p a rty . I fee l th a t p a rtic ip a tin g in its ranks w i l l en­hance bo th m y p o lit ic a l un de r­s tand ing and ac tiv ities .

W hen I em barked on the end­less search fo r tru th , I rea lized i t w o u ld m ean in ve s tig a tin g v a r­ied philosophies, w ith the possi­b i l i t y o f m y re je c tin g a l l o f them and deve lop ing m y ow n c r ite r ia to judge the w o r ld and a ll th a t is p a rt o f it . I am p roud to say th a t m y present though ts and actions are a l l the resu lt o f m y fre e ly in ­ves tiga ting ideas and th in k in g fo r m yself. M y proudest possession has a lw ays been ow ne rsh ip o f m y m ind . N ow th a t I am associated w ith o ther m inds th a t have s im i­la r ideas about change and m eth­ods fo r change, I fee l v e ry con­f id e n t and o p tim is tic abou t the fu tu re .

HjiiiistKiiiiiiinnii • MILITANT FUND i i i i iii im ii'iii'i ii'm iiiiii iiim iiiiiiiii iim iiiiiim im iiiiii iiii iiim iiiiiim iiiiiii iiii iu

Dominican Events Spur ContributionsBy B arry Sheppard

M ilita n t Fund DirectorT he G eneral took a b ig leap

fo rw a rd last week, and has gone over his $250 quota. The la rgest c o n trib u tio n to the G enera l came fro m A .A . in W ashington, D.C., w ho c lipped ou t th e “ I w a n t to h e lp ” coupon and sent i t in along w ith $200.

T w o w ords were w r it te n on the coupon w h ich succ in tly exp la ined A A . ’s fee lings. Those w ords were “ D om in ican R epub lic .” M a n y thanks to A .A ., and to the c o n tr ib ­u to r fro m B u ffa lo w ho also made an ad d itio n o f S25 to the G en­era l.

The fu n c tio n o f the G enera l in the Fund C am paign is to ra l ly sup­p o rt fro m o u r readers in those c ities and tow ns w here we don’t have organized suppo rte r groups. The M il i ta n t F und C am paign w i l l be ove r in a few weeks, on June 15, and by th a t tim e we have to raise $20,300 to keep The M il ita n t com ing ou t w ith the t ru th about events in the D om in ican Republic, V ie tn am and here in the U.S.

I f you are a reader o f The M i l i ­tan t, and i f you lik e the paper, w h y n o t c lip ou t and send in the coupon on th is page along w ith y o u r con tribu tion?

E ve ry b i t o f suppo rt counts. Y o u m ay n o t be ab le to m atch A .A .’s generous c o n trib u tio n , b u t w h a t­ever you can a ffo rd w i l l be ap­precia ted and p u t to good use.i T w o m ore c ities have jo ined Boston in the 100 pe r cent c lub , Chicago and D e tro it, and these th ree areas deserve c re d it fo r a jo b w e ll done. W ith on ly a few weeks le ft in the Cam paign, i t ’s tim e fo r some o f the s low er areas to get m oving , o r they w on ’t m ake th e ir quotas in f u l l and on tim e . /

In saying th is, w e are no t en­gaging in a r itu a lis t ic e xh o rta ­tion . O u r budget hinges in good m easure on fu l f i l l in g the fu n d quota in fu l l and on tim e. A lag o f n ine per cent w ith b u t a fe w sho rt weeks rem a in ing in the d r iv e can m ake i t d i f f ic u lt to w in d up the cam paign on schedule.

So w h y no t do i t now?

Fund ScoreboardCity Quota Paid PercentBoston $ 900 $ 900 100Chicago 1,800 1,800 100Detroit 1.400 1,400 100O a k la n d /B e rke le y 900 650 72D enver 300 204 68A lle n to w n 200 125 63C leveland 800 490 61N ew Y o rk 5,800 3,160 54T w in C ities 1,400 700 50M ilw au kee 400 179 45Los Angeles 4,000 1,419 37N ew ark 200 70 35San Diego 250 88 31P h ilade lph ia 300 87 29San Francisco 900 220 24St. Lou is 200 43 22Seattle 500 50 10G eneral 250 319 127

T o ta l th rou gh M ay 17 $20,300 $11,701 58

Monday, May 24, 1965 THE M ILITANT Page Seven

<5CsdlaM J ’Avm Qua (R&adsihA[This column is an open forum

for all viewpoints on subjects of general interest to our readers. Please keep your letters brief. Where necessary they w ill be abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be used, names being withheld unless authorization is given for use.]

Articles on SocialismBoston, Mass.

I have been a re g u la r reader o f y o u r va lua b le p u b lica tio n fo r a l­m ost a year. U se fu l and va luab le as y o u r a rtic les are, how ever, i t

ntitimiiiiimiiiiiiiittiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiuiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiniiinmiiiuiI 10 Years Ago j (in The M ilitan t)* iiiiim iiiii ji i | iH iiH iii iii i i i iw iiiii i i i i i i i> iiii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iH im i: ’

C IO A N D A F L U N IO N IS T S J O IN FORCES IN SO U TH ER N S T R IK E S — Cheered by the v ic ­to ry o f 30,000 s tr ik e rs against the L o u is v ille & N a sh v ille R a ilroad , S ou then rte lephone and o th e r s t r ik ­ers g irde d themselves fo r a f in a l e f fo r t to defeat the c u rre n t open- shop o ffens ive o f B ig Business in the South.

In the tw o-m onth o ld telephone s tr ik e o f the C IO C om m unica tion W orke rs o f A m erica , com pany v io ­lence continues unabated. S o lid a r­i t y actions o f o th e r un ion is ts have done m uch, how ever, to keep the S outhern B e ll s tr ik e rs ’ m ora le h igh .

In Chattanooga, Tenn., a South­e rn B e ll s tr ike b re a ke r de lib e ra te ly ra n ove r tw o p ickets and drove away. A passing m o to ris t pursued and caught the h it-and -run scab. Forced to a rres t h im , loca l po lice also arrested the tw o v ic tim s . W hen the arres ting -cop was asked w h y , he re p lie d th a t the telephone com pany had ordered it.

T h is characterizes the nine-state p a tte rn o f po lice subservience to the p o w e rfu l te lephone m onopoly. The w ho le S ou thern la b o r m ove­m en t is aroused over the action of M a yo r D em pster o f K n o x v il le , Tenn., w ho a rm ed his po lice w ith m ach ine guns fo r use against p icke ts and the n ordered them to “ shoot to .k i l l . ” •— M ay 23, 1955.

* I; ,..

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20 Years Ago jA R M Y D IS C H A R G E P L A N

D IS C R IM IN A T E S A G A IN S T N E ­GROES — T he A rm y ’s p o in t sys­tem fo r dem ob iliza tion in Europe was characterized as “ the rankest k in d o f d is c r im in a tio n ” against N e­gro servicem en overseas a t a mass m ee ting in San Francisco on M ay 13. Edgar G. B row n , C ha irm an of the N a tiona l Negro C ounc il w h ich sponsored the m eeting, charged th a t “ 99 per cent o f the Negroes in the overseas arm ies w i l l be the las t to re tu rn home.”

Because o f the r ig id J im C row setup o f the A rm y the 80 per cent N egro troops w h o are forced to serve in la b o r ba tta lions and non- com batan t un its w i l l be unab le t o ' ob ta in po in ts fo r com bat service. M oreover, the G eneral S ta ff o f the A rm y has announced th a t there w i l l be a g reat need in the P ac ific area fo r the “ service troops” w ho b u ild the a irpo rts , harbors and bases. M any o f the service troops w i l l , the re fore , be shipped d ire c tly to the P ac ific .

H a rry M c A lp in , w r i t in g in the M ay 19 issue o f the N ew Y o rk N egro paper, The A m sterdam News, says th a t even N egro com­ba t troops w i l l be d isc rim in a ted against under th is release plan. “ Because o f the segregation p o licy o f the A rm y , the u n its m ust re ­m a in a ll-N egro ,” M c A lp in po in ts out, so th a t even those Negro troops “ w ith s u ffic ie n t cred its fo r release w i l l have to w a it fo r ‘Ne­g ro ’ rep lacem ents.” — M ay -26, 1945.

seems deplorab le th a t you alm ost neve r m ake any reference to so­c ia lism and M a rx ia n science. I agree v e ry m uch w ith the v iew s o f some o f yo u r readers th a t i t is no t enough fo r a paper w h ic h is pub lished in the in te rests o f the w o rk in g class o n ly to expose the ev ils o f J im C row , im p e ria lis t ag­gression and o ther unpleasant m an ifes ta tions o f o u r outm oded cap ita lis t “ g reat society.” I f you do no t show y o u r readers w h a t causes a l l th is disgrace, then you leave a w e ll-s ta rted jo b un fin ished .

So w h y don’t you have a sm all a r tic le about the m eaning o f so­c ia lism in each o f y o u r issues? Y ou can do th is , fo r instance, by p u b lish in g excerpts fro m the w o rks o f g reat socia lis t au thors: Engels’ Anti-Duhring and Socialism : U top ian and S c ie n tif ic ; B ebe l’s W om en U nder S ocia lism ; selec­tions fro m the w o rks o f Rosa L u x ­em burg, G ustav Bang, B aku n in , and others.

' "’ "I p tf ;I t is no t enough to show y o u r

readers the ev ils o f o u r “ g reat so­c ie ty .” Y o u r readers also w o u ld lik e to k n o w w h a t is the ro o t o f a l l th is , and w h a t the be tte r so­c ie ty w h ic h w i l l replace the pres­en t one w i l l lo ok lik e .

R.C.

Steel StrikeP ittsbu rgh , Pa.

K eep ing y o u r “ N a tion a l P icke t L in e ” up to date and correct is c e rta in ly a fu ll- t im e jo b . Y o u r la t ­est b lu n d e r was in the M ay 10 issue. Y ou state th a t the reason fo r the w a lk o u t o f the 3,000 w o rk ­ers a t C opperw e ld was th e ir desire to no t go a long w ith the steel in ­d u s try ’s fou r-m o n th extension. T h is was ju s t no t true .

The reason fo r the s tr ik e was the la c k o f reso lv in g o f loca l is­sues by the Com pany and U nion. The Com pany ju s t refused to ba r­ga in in good fa ith . The E xecu tive Board stated as a c r ite r io n fo r the fou r-m o n th extension th a t the re had to be s ig n if ic a n t progress made on loca l issues be fore an ex­tension cou ld be granted. T h is was n o t done. There fore , the w o rke rs decided to h i t the b ricks fo r th e ir r ig h ts . W ith in ten days they re ­tu rn e d to w o rk w ith a ll o f th e ir lo ca l issues solved.

They d id then accept the fou r- m on th extension w h ic h was the na tion a l agreem ent. ^

F u rth e r, th a t 11 % -cent increase is no t 11 % cents as such. A s Con­rad Cooper, the in d u s try speaker, said v e ry c a re fu lly , the in d u s try w o u ld pay an em p loym ent cost f ig u re w h ic h w o u ld approx im ate tw o per cent o f $4.40 em p loym ent cost per em ploye per hour. The key w o rd was “ app rox im a te .” I t was m eant to deceive the w o rkers in to th in k in g th a t the 11% cents was sure when, in fact, i t cou ld ru n the gam ut fro m 8% cents to 11% cents. I suggest you reread the release Cooper issued to the press im m e d ia te ly a fte r the exten­sion to see w h a t I mean.

Y o u r push fo r 30-for-40 is ad­m irab le , b u t I m ust repeat, the reso lu tion neve r go t to the b a r­g a in ing tab le and I doub t i f i t was even suggested to the head ba r­gainers.

Steelworker

[O u r re p o rt on the shu tdow n a t the C opperw eld Steel Co. in W arren , O hio, was w r it te n d u rin g the in it ia l stage o f the s tr ik e w hen the un ion loca l was repo rted op­posed to the extension o f the Steel­w o rke rs ’ con tract. E d it o r . ]

Ghetto ‘Riots'N ew Y o rk , N .Y .

La s t sum m er w hen the so-called rio ts b roke ou t in the N egro ghet­tos, the im m ed ia te reac tion o f the a d m in is tra tio n was to t r y and la y the b lam e on the “ com m unists” as i f none o f the oppressive cond i­tions in the N o rth e rn ghettos ex­isted. A s i f such a th in g cou ld no t happen unless “ outside ag ita to rs” had no t caused it .

Southern cops are sent ou t w ith th e ir c lubs to b loody the heads o f the c iv il-r ig h ts figh te rs . H ere in N ew Y o rk , W agner sent h is cops in to H a rlem w ith guns to shoot up the place. Johnson endorsed th is action and, m ore than tha t, o f­fe red W agner fede ra l troops to restore “ la w and o rd e r.” Im ­m ed ia te ly the F B I was d irec ted to investiga te w h a t ro le the “ com­m un is ts ” had p layed in the so- ca lled rio ts .

Instead o f recogn iz ing the ob­vious social causes o f the so-called rio ts and ta k in g steps to re lieve the oppression o f the Negro in the ghettos, Johnson and W agner act­ed as i f the oppression d id n ’t ex is t — ju s t as the Southern rac­ists act as i f “ th e ir n iggers” are happy and the re is no oppression o f the Negro in the South.

Johnson reached in to h is saran- w ra p bag and came ou t w ith the “ com m un is t” theo ry as the cause o f the so-called rio ts . T h is la id the basis fo r the con tinued v ic tim iz a ­tio n o f M a lco lm X ’s group. I t also la id the basis fo r the in d ic tm e n t o f B i l l Epton, a m em ber o f the Pro-

Bringing ‘American W ay’ to Dominicans —• The A m erican fre e - en te rp ris ing w ay is do ing a ll r ig h t in w a r-to rn Santo Dom ingo. De­scrib ing the shortages, New Y o rk Tim es correspondent M a r t in A rn ­old reports : “ A m arine p r iv a te bought a bunch o f bananas fo r $1.85, sold them fo r 50 cents each arid w a lked o f f ten m inutes la te r, his fa tig u e pants b u lg in g w ith change and b ills .” The M arines are also seeing to i t th a t the A m e r­ican W ay isn ’t subverted. A rn o ld reports : “ I t Used to be th a t red fla n n e l unde rw ea r was easy to come by. D om in icans used i t no t fo r w a rm th b u t to clean th e ir cars. There is a checkpo in t on the road lead ing to the hote l. A t i t and o the r checkpoints U n ite d States and ju n ta sold iers confiscate the flan ne l. No red flags a llow ed .”

Substantial Odds — A M ay 5W ashington d ispa tch to the D e tro it Free Press reported : “ U.S. o ff ic ia ls p inned ‘C om m unis t subvers ive ’ tags on 58 D om in ican rebels W ed­nesday in an e f fo r t to ju s t i fy the d ispatch o f 19,363 A m e rica n troops to the w a r-to rn C aribbean Re­pu b lic .”

Land of the Free — “ C A M ­B R ID G E , Mass., M ay 7 (U P I) — A N ige rian student, w ho is a tra c k s ta r at H a rv a rd U n iv e rs ity , said today he had been questioned fo r tw o hours by agents o f the Fed­e ra l B ureau o f Inve s tiga tio n a fte r he had w r it te n an open le tte r c r it ­ica l o f U n ite d States m il i ta r y ac­tion . “ I f you speak y o u r m ind , the F B I comes to speak to you ,’ said A ggrey A w o r i, a senior.”

W hat, No Hot Dogs? — “ The p a rty lunched on the raised te r­race a t M on tice llo , w h ich s its h igh

gressive L a b o r M ovem ent, on an a rcha ic la w o f c r im in a l anarchy because o f a speech he made in H a rle m d u r in g the so-called rio ts .

O the r m em bers o f P L M w ho w ere n o t even in N ew Y o rk a t the tim e have also been v ic tim ize d by m a k in g them appear before a g rand ju r y and then sending them to ja i l fo r n o t answ ering ques­tions.

A lo t o f people w h o w o u ld th in k i t com p le te ly lu d ic ro us to even suggest a rres ting rad ica ls fo r the recent m urders in A labam a, w ere nonetheless taken in by John­son and W agner w hen the y used the same “ C om m unis t” smear to v ic tim iz e innocen t people. John­son and W agner w a n t to k i l l tw o b irds w ith one stone. They w a n t to d ra w a tten tion aw ay fro m the rea l cause o f the ghetto outbreaks and a t the same tim e use th is as the basis fo r an a ttack against the le f t and against the c iv il-r ig h ts m ovem ent as a w hole.

David Fender

Sees ProgressSanta Cruz, C a lif.

These c iv il- r ig h ts “ m archers” in tw o years have become sm arte r and, l ik e M a lco lm X , w i l l see the need to ow n the p o lit ic a l saddle before th e ir m any needs can be achieved and w a r stopped.

The m archers have done m uch good — even though they w e re on a co-existence basis to keep them pa c ifis t. Regardless o f “ con tro l leadersh ip” by governm ent and U ncle Toms, the masses are leam -

on a h il l. They sipped th e ir R ies­lin g w ine, n ibb led a t ham , aspara­gus v in a ig re tte and oysters Bo­hem ian (w ith cream and cheese sauce) . . . ” — F ro m a V irg in ia d ispatch to the New Y o rk Times, as L a d y B ird Johnson and frien ds swept th rou gh to p rove tou ris ts can have as m uch fu n a t home as abroad.

Different? — Senator R obert K ennedy said Johnson should have consulted the O AS be fore sending the troops to the D om in ican Re­pu b lic . Asked i f h is b ro th e r had consulted the O AS be fore in v a d ­in g Cuba, he rep lied w ith a terse “ No.”

Pot Luck — O ur appetites w h e tted by L a d y B ird ’s lunch , we read w ith added in te res t a spe­c ia l Tim es re p o rt on how M rs. A ugust Busch, w ife o f the beer baron, feeds her fa m ily . She says: “ W e d ine s im p ly b u t w e ll.” A ty p ic a l m eal m ay begin w ith “ a clear, r ic h ly pe rfum ed (? ) con­somme o r an o x ta il, or, in sum ­m er, vichyssoise.” A f te r the soup, “ we ge ne ra lly have an entree o f f ish ; and the m a in dish, a s ir lo in s tr ip perhaps, charcoal g r ille d and served au ju s w ith m elted bu tte r. To accom pany the roast, bra ised

in g at long las t w h a t th e y w i l l have to do to solve th e ir problem s.

To gain vo tin g r ig h ts is good, b u t the b lack and w h ite masses' have m any, m any problem s that w i l l no t be solved by p ra ye r, legal o r non-v io len t m arches o r voting.' These a re 1 a fte rthough ts .

The use o f “ w h ite ” to ile ts , res­taurants, barbers, etc., e tc .," are o n ly concessions (b ribes ) to gloss ove r the m a in basic causes. Jobs can o n ly be p rov ided w ith the help o f un ions to cu t the nu m be r o f : hours o f socially-necessary la b o r com m ensurate w ith the m en^and / o r w om en w ho m ust w o rk u n d e r cap ita lism . ~v-.‘

T h is w i l l b r in g fo rce and v io l­ence dow n on the w o rke rs ’ heads by the ru le rs o f w e a lth and th e ir arm ed servants. T hey m ust “ p ro ­te c t” th e ir lo o t they have ex­p ro p ria ted fro m a l l o f la b o r in. the U.S. and, w ith th e ir a rm ^d forces, in te rn a tio n a lly . - r

M a lco lm X learned in a few years th a t a l l class prob lem s can be settled o n ly on an in te rn a tio n a l scale. H is advice can help the m archers — and has in th is coun­try , even in Santa C ruz and Po- dunk.

H.C.B.

Offers SuggestionsA u s tin , Texas

Suggestions: A rtic le s on D o m i­nican R epub lic mess and p o lit ic a l c lim a te in L a tin A m erica ; m ore on V ie tnam ; artic les on the m ach ine­ry and p o lit ic a l usage o f “ w a r on po ve rty .”

M .M .

ce lery and s tu ffe d tom atoes and a salad. Dessert, a lim e sherbet p e r­haps, w ith p e tit fou rs .” T he re ’s w ine o f course, and tw o re fr ig e ra ­tors f i l le d w ith the va rious A nh eu ­ser-Busch beers.

A n ti-Illite rac y D rive — B us i­nessmen a tten d in g the annua l m eeting o f the B ran d Names F ounda tion w ere sum m oned to a crusade against the “ econom ic i l ­lite ra c y ” o f the A m erican public. One speaker said th a t la c k of un­ders tand ing o f “ o u r business sys­tem has led to consum er igno­rance, apathy, and, in some in ­stances, creeping h o s t ility toward the business w o r ld .” * A public op in ion researcher repo rted that a recent su rvey o f ad u lts and young people had .revealed “much suspicion o f business,' p a r tic u la r ly o f business p ro fits .”

;* Of Z'fXj.KDivorced from : R e a l i ty ;— Psy­

ch ia tr is ts made a s tudy o f 50 peo­ple w ho w ere hosp ita lized a fte r pers is ten t e ffo rts to see the presi­dent. R epo rting th e ir f in d in g , th e New Y o rk T im es said: “ A lth o u g h some o f the v is ito rs w ere preoc­cupied w ith im pend ing d isaster and vio lence, none perce ived the P res iden t h im s e lf as a th re a t to th e ir l i fe o r sa fe ty.”

Thought for the Week“ . . . W ash ing ton ’s an ti-rebe l decision had been glazed and f ire d

ha rd . . . now there was no face-saving w ay o f ge tting back to the t ru th . . . F ro m th a t tim e on, the in fo rm a tio n com ing fro m the U.S. Embassy grew less and less cred ib le and re liab le . D ip lom acy had been strang led in a web o f fa ls ific a tio n and m is lead ing in fo rm a tio n .” — A M a y 18 re p o rt to the N ew Y o rk H e ra ld T rib u n e by its Santo D o­m ingo correspondent, B a rn a rd C o llie r, on how U.S. o ff ic ia ls the re lied to newsm en.

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It Was Reported in the Press

Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, May 24, 1965

Socialist Nominee Hits Attack on Dominicans

N E W A R K , M ay 17 — R u th F. S h im insky , S oc ia lis t W orkers P a r­ty candidate fo r governor o f New Jersey, ca lled today fo r the w ith ­d ra w a l o f A m erican troops fro m the D om in ican R epub lic and V ie t­nam and urged th a t the troops instead be used to p ro te c t the r ig h ts o f the Negro people against a ttacks by racists. T he candidate declared:

“ W o rk in g people, w ho a few sh o rt m onths ago v iew ed Johnson as a m an o f peace and swept h im to o ffice on th a t basis, are now com ing to rea lize th a t the ca rro t he d isp layed las t O ctober was so

Gala New York Banquet Planned in Celebration Of Militant Anniversary

N E W Y O R K — F riends and sup­po rte rs o f The M il i ta n t w i l l ga ther on S a tu rday n igh t, M ay 29, to cele­b ra te the 37th ann ive rsa ry o f the paper. A sm orgasbord w i l l be served beg inn ing a t 5 p.m. and the p rogram w i l l begin a t 8 p.m. T he even t w i l l be he ld at 116 U n i­v e rs ity Place.

H a rry R ing, a s ta ff w r i te r fo r The M il ita n t fo r m any years, w i l l speak on the h is to ry o f The M i l i ­ta n t and its support o f the s tru g ­gles o f the oppressed in th is coun­t r y and abroad.

James Shabazz, w ho was pe r­sonal secre tary to M a lco lm X , w i l l speak on the press’ trea tm e n t o f M a lco lm X since h is assassina­tion .

M eet the StaffB il l F rede rick , a fo lks in g e r and

composer o f p o lit ic a l ba llads, w i l l en te rta in .

T he annua l banquet has become a tra d it io n o f long standing. I t gives new supporters o f The M i l i ­ta n t a chance to m eet the s ta ff and fe llo w supporters o f the pa­per. I t gives us, the s ta ff, a chance to meet ou r readers.

W e w o u ld lik e to extend an in ­v ita t io n to a ll o u r readers, new and old, to jo in us in the celebra­tion .

m uch cam ouflage.Johnson is escalating the w a r in

V ie tn am and w a n to n ly crush ing the D om in ican people’s s trugg le fo r dem ocracy to a degree th a t w o u ld have b ro ug h t tears o f jo y to the eyes o f h is m ento r, John Foster D ulles.

“Protection”“ Johnson in te rvened in the D o­

m in ican R epublic unde r the p re ­te x t o f p ro te c ting A m ericans and o the r fore igners, none o f w hom were even h u rt. N o t o n ly d id he show com plete con tem pt fo r the lives o f Dom inicans, b u t h is in ­te rve n tio n was in s ta rk contrast to h is ca llous d isregard fo r the m illio n s o f A m erican Negroes in the South whose homes, churches, lives, and dem ocra tic r ig h ts are destroyed and flou ted by racists and lo ca l cops.

“ In sp ite o f repeated demands by c iv i l r ig h ts leaders th a t federa l troops be sent to the South to p ro tec t the Negro people, Johnson has seen f i t to deny them th is ele­m en ta ry p ro te c tion w h ile co rru p t and un po pu la r regim es abroad are shored u p b y the in te rv e n tio n of A m erican troops,” the candidate declared.

Ruth Shim insky

Detroit Cops Give Assist to Ala. Racists

D e tro it po lice have prepared a “ dossier” on M rs. V io la L iuzzo and her fa m ily w h ich is be ing c irc u la t­ed w id e ly in the South by the K u K lu x K la n . The K la n is de fend ing its m u rd e r o f M rs. L iuzzo, a w h ite m o the r o f f iv e w ho w e n t to A la ­bama to he lp w ith the Selma-to- M on tgom ery Freedom M arch , by s landering the v ic tim . T h e ir m a in am m u n itio n in th is cam paign is the D e tro it po lice ’s “ dossier.”

T he “ dossier” was n o t sent d i­re c tly fro m the D e tro it po lice to the K la n . Police Com m issioner M a rv in G. Lane o f W arren , a De­t ro it suburb , obtained the re p o rt at the request o f S h e r if f JamesG. C la rk J r., o f Da llas County, A labam a, w ho passed i t on to the K la n .

D e tro it ’s lib e ra l m ayor, Jerom e P. Cavanagh, and its lib e ra l po lice com m issioner, Ray G ira rd in , have both expressed th e ir in d ig na ­tio n and denied resp o n s ib ility fo r g iv in g the re p o rt to Lane. G ira r ­d in has ordered an investiga tion to f in d ou t w ho gave the f i le to Com m issioner Lane.

T he D e tro it po lice departm ent adm its th a t i t p repared the file . K eep ing such file s is one fun c tio n o f its C en tra l In te llig ence Bureau. A n unnam ed o ff ic e r o f th a t bureau was reported to have said th a t the f i le was prepared on ly a fte r M rs. L iuzzo was s la in. I f tha t w ere so, w h a t o the r purpose could the re have been than to smear M rs. Liuzzo?

A lm o s t ce rta in ly , the D e tro it po lice kep t a f i le on M rs. L iuzzo ever since she became ac tive in pro test m ovem ents fo r social ju s ­tice. I t is s tandard p ractice fo r the po lice in c ities th rou gh ou t the cou n try to keep tra c k o f dem ­onstra tors, rad ica ls and protestors o f a l l k inds. Each po lice depa rt­m en t m a in ta ins a “ Red Squad” fo r ju s t th is purpose.

M ayo r Cavanagh and Police Com m issioner G ira rd in w ere p ro b ­ab ly genu ine ly in d ig n a n t about the release o f the re p o rt on M rs. L iuzzo. As lib e ra ls and fo rm e r protestors themselves, they m ust fee l ra th e r uncom fortab le about the file s kep t on th e ir ow n past ac tiv itie s and personal a ffa irs .

How to Deal With Teach-Ins

The fo llo w in g co lum n by A r t B uch w a ld was p r in te d in the M ay 16 N ew Y o rk H era ld T ribune .

U n ited States fo re ign p o licy is go ing th ro u g h its m ost d i f f ic u lt phase. N o t o n ly are w e hav ing tro u b le conv inc ing o u r W estern a llie s and ou r South A m erican fr ie n d s th a t w e are do ing the r ig h t th in g , b u t w e ’re ha v in g a heck o f a t im e persuading o u r ow n u n i­v e rs ity students and professors.

The P resident has ordered t ru th squads sent ou t to A m erican college campuses, and i t is on ly the f ir s t o f m any plans in the w o rks to get the students and p ro ­fessors back on o u r side.

The U n de r Secre tary o f S tate in Charge o f U n iv e rs ity R e lations re ­c e n tly m ade his re p o rt to the C abinet. I m anaged to get ho ld o f a tra n sc rip t.

He said, “ G entlem en, I am hap­p y to re p o rt th a t W est P o in t and the Colorado School o f M ines are suppo rting o u r action in the Do­m in ican R epub lic .”

“ W ha t about the U n iv e rs ity o f W isconsin?” someone asked.

“ T hey ’re s t i l l h o ld ing out, as is the U n iv e rs ity o f M ich iga n .”

“ W ha t are we go ing to do about it? ”

“ The A ir Force is p lann ing to d rop 80,000 lea fle ts on th e ir cam ­puses th is m orn ing . R adio Free A m erica has gone on a 24-hour schedule and the psychological w a rfa re people are now on the scene s t ir r in g up rum o rs about a le ft-w in g takeover o f the schools.”

“ T h a t’s a ll w e ll and good,” someone said, “ b u t i t seems to me w e should bom b the schools w ith m ore than lea fle ts ju s t to show them we mean business.”

“ W e’ve tho ugh t about it , bu t don’t fo rg e t w e have ou r own t ru th squad people there, and be­sides we have to th in k o f pu b lic reaction fro m H a rva rd , Y a le and P rince ton .”

“ C ou ldn ’t w e have the U.S. M arines occupy the campuses unde r the guise o f p ro tecting A m erican live s and p ro pe rty? ”

“ T h a t’s been discussed, b u t i f the o ther u n ive rs itie s re vo lt, w e ’l l ru n ou t o f M arines in no tim e .”

“ Suppose w e b roke o f f d ip lo ­m a tic re la tions w ith W isconsin and M ich igan?”

“ The C IA is against it . I f w e re ­ca lled o u r people, the y w o u ld have to p u ll ou t and i t w o u ld in te rfe re w ith th e ir p lans.”• “ W hat p lans?”

“ T hey ’re p lan n in g to p u t in m i l i ­ta ry ju n ta s a t W isconsin and M ich-

Dubinsky Joins In The W ar Chorus

By A lex H arteD av id D ub insky , the L i t t le

Caesar president o f the In te rn a ­t io n a l Ladies G arm en t W orkers U n ion , made a speech a t the open­in g o f the u n io n ’s conven tion in M ia m i Beach M ay 12, in w h ich he de live red a long defense o f P resi­dent Johnson’s aggression in V ie t­nam and the D om in ican Republic.

D u b in sky repeated the State De­pa rtm e n t lin e lik e the cou rt pa r­ro t. The use o f U.S. troops against a dem ocra tic up ris in g in Santo Dom ingo is “ e ffec tive action to h a lt the enemies o f freedom ,” ac­cord ing to D ub insky, and the in ­vasions o f sm a ll countries w ith masses o f U.S. troops is necessary to meet “ the th re a t o f aggression w hereve r i t m ay arise.”

The em ployes o f the State De­pa rtm e n t c u rre n tly m ou th in g th is hogwash before s tudent audiences are be ing greeted w ith loud groans. D ub insky, how ever, made his speech be fore 900 delegates whose p riv ileges and jobs depend v e ry d ire c tly on th e ir be ing po lite to the top bureaucra t.

Silent GroansU nder these conditions, the

groans m ust be u tte re d ou t o f earshot o f B ig B ro th e r — at least fo r the tim e being. B u t groans there are w ith in the IL G W U , by the ranks and even by sections o f the bureaucracy.

F o r conditions in the lad ies’ ga rm en t in d u s try are no th ing to be p roud of. Wages are o ften $1 an hour less than fo r eq u iva len t s k ills in o the r un ion ized industries. The actua l w o rk week has been s tead ily leng then ing , as ove rtim e in lie u o f wage raises has become

D avid Dubinsky

the pa tte rn in im p o rta n t areas.La rge sections o f the in d u s try

rem a in unorganized and the ru n ­aw ay shop is an increasing p ro b ­lem . Even in those areas w here the un ion is strongest and has the pow er to organize com ple te ly , i t has no t done so. I t a llow s favo red em ployers to leave m any low er- pa id w o rke rs — m ostly Negroes and o ther v ic tim s o f p re jud ice — outside o f un ion p ro tection .

These are the k inds o f problem s the pres ident o f the IL G W U should be dea ling w ith , instead o f w as ting the u n io n ’s tim e and energies t ry in g to cover up fo r the crim es o f the big-business gov­e rnm ent overseas.

Columbia University Officials Seek To Victimize Anti-War Demonstrators

Columnist Has Inside Dopeigan, made up o f cadet colonies fro m the RO TC.”

“ Say, th a t’s a good idea,” some­one said.

“ I f i t w orks. I f i t doesn’t w o rk , w e ’re go ing to have to deny we had a n y th in g to do w ith i t . ”

“ D on ’t you th in k the over­th ro w in g o f student governm ents is a dangerous business?” one o f the Doves said.

“ N o t i f we have p roo f tha t the y ’re le ft-w in g con tro lled . I ’d ra th e r have an ROTC ju n ta than a rabb le o f le ft is ts ru n n in g the school.”

“ W il l we n o t ify the A m e r ic a n Association o f U n iv e rs ity P rofes­sors o f ou r p lans?”

“ W e don’t have tim e. Once the ju n ta s are in , w e ’l l ask the pro fes­sors to come in and he lp us. B u t i f w e ask them f irs t , the y ’l l de­bate the question to k ingdom come.”

“ H o w can we persuade the schools th a t suppo rting ou r po l­icies is to th e ir best in terests?”

“ B y g iv in g each u n iv e rs ity a b i l­lio n do lla rs i f they go along w ith us.”

“ A n d i f the y don’t? ”“ Then we escalate. W e w i l l

s ta rt by bom bing the fo o tb a ll stad ium s and the • h ighw ays lead­in g to the schools.”

By DougN EW Y O R K , M ay 17 — T w e n ty

students fro m C o lum b ia U n iv e r­s ity are threatened w ith d is c ip lin ­a ry action fo r p a rtic ip a tio n in a dem onstra tion against the N ava l Reserve O ffice rs ’ T ra in in g Corps on M ay 7. They received le tte rs e a rly last week cha rg ing them w ith various v io la tio ns o f u n iv e r­s ity regulations, in c lu d in g “ b lock­ing a u n iv e rs ity fu n c tio n ” and re­fusa l to disperse a t the o rder o f the a d m in is tra tion .

Some o f the students are charged w ith be ing “ p a rtic ip a n ts ” and others are c lass ified as “ ins tiga ­to rs ” o f the M ay 7 dem onstra tion . O ver 200 students pa rtic ip a ted in th is dem onstra tion w h ic h forced the a d m in is tra tio n to cancel its annua l aw ards cerem ony fo r the u n iv e rs ity ’s NROTC.

A fou r-m an board o f in q u iry composed o f representatives fro m the a d m in is tra tio n has he ld closed hearings since last Wednesday. Each s tudent was requested to ap­pear separa te ly w ith his fa c u lty advise r in o rd e r to answer the charges.

Cops Use ForceThe students a d m it th a t they

blocked a u n iv e rs ity fu n c tio n and refused to disperse a t the ad m in ­is tra tio n ’s request. They argue, however, th a t the a d m in is tra tion d id not ask them to disperse u n t il the cops had tr ie d to rem ove them by force. B y then the students had been provoked beyond the po in t of lis te n in g to pleas fro m the ad­m in is tra tio n . They also p o in t ou t th a t i t is erroneous to labe l some o f the charged students as “ in s tiga ­to rs .” The v io la tio n o f u n iv e rs ity regu la tions was no t a p lanned pa rt o f the dem onstra tion b u t ra th e r oc­cu rred spontaneously.

A cco rd in g to Dave G ilb e rt, cha irm an o f the C o lum b ia U n iver-

Jennesss ity Independent C om m ittee to End the W ar in V ie tnam , the u n i­v e rs ity is harassing students w ho have played an active ro le in c iv i l r ig h ts and an ti-w a r a c t iv ity d u r in g the past school year. He cites the case o f M ik e F lugg, v ice pres i­dent o f C o lum b ia CORE, w ho helped to organize a cam paign to un ion ize the campus ca fe te ria employes last fa ll.

F lugg was no t in vo lve d in the o rgan iza tion o r leadersh ip o f the M ay 7 dem onstra tion . N everthe­less, he was charged w ith be ing an “ in s tig a to r.”

Justice?O ver 80 students w ho p a rtic ip a t­

ed in the dem onstra tion b u t d id not receive le tte rs have gone to the Dean’s o ffic e de c la ring they are as g u ilty o f be ing “ in s tiga to rs ” as those w h o received le tte rs.

A t a m ee ting o f the C o lum b ia chapter o f the A m erican Associa­t io n o f U n iv e rs ity Professors, a m o tion was passed ca llin g fo r “ le n ie n t tre a tm e n t” o f the students faced w ith d is c ip lin a ry action. T hey also urged the ad m in is tra ­t io n to appo in t an A A U P m em ber to observe the hearings in o rd e r to insure the students’ r ig h t o f “ due process.”

A cco rd ing to G ilb e rt, the In d e - aggrava ting aspect o f the w ho le case fo r the students is the a rb i­t ra ry pow er o f the a d m in is tra tion . The s tudent body has no voice in u n iv e rs ity po licy , regu la tions o r d isc ip line .

A cco rd ing to G ilb e rt, the In d e ­pendent C om m ittee to End the W ar in V ie tnam , w h ich organized m ore than 500 students to p a rtic ­ipate in the A p r i l 17 M arch on W ashington, is p la n n in g to con­tinu e its ac tiv itie s against the V ietnam ese w a r th is sum m er and n e x t fa ll.