IIEE Magazine 2011 2nd Quarter

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2011 IIEE Board of Governors and Officers

National President Armando R. DiazVP-Internal Affairs Jules S. AlcantaraVP-External Affairs Gregorio R. CayetanoVP-Technical Affairs Alex C. CabugaoNational Secretary Ma. Sheila C. CabarabanNational Treasurer Larry C. CruzNational Auditor Florigo C. VaronaRegion I Francis R. CalanioRegion II Virgilio S. Luzares Region IV Roselyn C. RocioRegion V Ronaldo D. EbradaRegion VI Marlon T. MarcueloRegion VII Lelanie T. MirambelRegion VIII Rey G. PadugananRegion IX Victorianito E. TeofiloImmediate Former President Gregorio Y. Guevarra Officer-in-Charge Ramon P. Ayaton

IIEE National Secretariat Department Heads

Administrative Niellisa Joy B. BandongFinance Karen T. SacdalanTechnical Ramon P. AyatonMembership & Marketing Allen M. Pido

Publications Committee

Chairman: Robinson S. Uy Members: Ernesto M. Cabral Marvin H. Caseda Dr. Allan C. Nerves Ronald Vincent M. SantiagoOverseer: Alex C. Cabugao

The ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

The Electrical Engineer is published quarterly by the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE), with editorial and business offices at #41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines. Tel Nos. (632) 722-7383, 727-3552, 412-5772, 414-5626, Fax Nos. (632) 727-3545 & 410-1899. Website: www.iiee.org.ph, E-mail: [email protected].

The present circulation of the magazine is 28,000 copies per issue to members and industry stakeholders.

The ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS Editorial Board

Chairman Alex C. CabugaoEditorial-in-Chief Robinson S. UyAssociate Editor: Ernesto M. CabralTechnical Consultant: Dr. Allan C. NervesAdministrative Officer: Ramon P. Ayaton

Editorial Staff

Editorial Assistant Jenelyn C. PajutiningTechnical Assistant Glynn Andy O. GaymanGraphic Artist Elwood B. Perez

Advertising and Marketing

Account Executive Joan Q. Delos Santos 727-3552 loc. 101 410-1899

The ELECTRICAL ENGINEERSECOND QUARTER 2011

Contents

Views or opinions expressed by the authors of letters, articles and research studies published in The Electrical Engineer DO NOT necessarily reflect the views of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE). The IIEE trusts the integrity of these authors. The IIEE exercises due review diligence but it is possible that the contents of the articles contributed may not be verified due to time constraints. Articles or visual materials may not be reproduced without written consent from IIEE. The IIEE reserves the right to accept or refuse submitted materials for publication. Articles, reactions and feedback from readers may be sent through e-mail at [email protected]

FROM THE OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL PRESIDENT• President’s Message• President’s Report

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IIEE NEWSChapter and National News 9

TECHNICAL FEATURE

PEC-torial

30

33

39

24

COVER STORYElectrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness Campaign: A Timely Advocacy 17

• Trouble Shooting of Electric Motors Safety Precautions From Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

• 400 Volts System By: Engr. Jesus C. Santos

• Electrical Fire Engr. Jules S. Alcantara

• The Malfunctioning Medical Machine A Power Quality Case Study by APQI

• Two Cases of Grounding Problem By: Engr. Dean A. Sempio

35

PEOPLE AND EVENTS 20

37

THE IIEE AMENDED CONSTITUTION AND BY LAWS 25

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To Our ReadersFrom the Desk of the Vice President for Technical Affairs

T he Editorial Board welcomes you to the second quarter issue of The Electrical Engineer!

It is indeed a fruitful quarter for the Institute as we feature in this issue the different activities conducted at the chapter and regional levels. Truly, this is a manifestation of the dedication, commitment and perseverance of the Chapter Officers, Regional Governors and the officers of the IIEE.

Our cover for this issue is the successful nationwide launching of the “Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness” (ESEA) Campaign Project. This is a collaboration of the International Copper Association Southeast Asia (ICASEA) and the Institute, together with its partners from the different government and private agencies in the industry.

We are reprinting the amendments in the IIEE Constitution and By–Laws after it was ratified during the mid year convention general membership meeting in Bacolod City.

We extend our sincerest thanks to the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) which is one of the leading research and development centers in the field of electrical engineering for continuously allowing the Institute access to relevant technical reports and researches.

May we request members to submit their technical papers for eventual publications in local and technical magazines of the engineering and power industry. To liven up a practitioners’ day, we also welcome articles that touch human interests and achievements.

To the Regional Governors and Chapter Officers, we deeply appreciate your cooperation and support to the Editorial Board.

ALEX C. CABUGAO

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2011 Tentative Schedule of Trainings and Seminars

(July to October 2011)

Electrical Power System Design Of High-Rise Residential and Commercial BuildingsJul. 29 & 30, 2011Engr. Emiliano G. Marabulas

PLC-Programming Methods and Its ApplicationsAug. 12 & 13, 2011Engr. Philip Marvin D. Joven & Engr. Malou S. Laserna

Applied Short-Circuit Analysis In Commercial and Industrial Power SystemsAug. 13 & 20, 2011Engr. Vincent E. Jimenez

Illustration and Comments On PEC 1 2009Aug. 26 & 27, 2011Engr. Emiliano G. Marabulas

Substation DesignSep. 2 & 3, 2011Engr. Francis V. Mapile

Electrical Grounding and BondingSep. 2 & 3, 2011Engr. Jaime V. Mendoza

Power Factor CorrectionSep. 15 & 16, 2011Engr. Reginaldo Marinay

400V SystemSep. 17, 2011Engr. Jesus C. Santos

Grounding System Design with Protective RelayingSep. 17 & 24, 2011Engr. Vincent E. Jimenez

Motor Installation Based On PEC 2009Sep. 22 & 23, 2011Engr. Reginaldo N. Marinay

Substation EngineeringSep. 23 & 24, 2011Engr. Ulysses B. Paguio

2nd QUARTER 2011 THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

PRESIDENT’S Report

From the Office of the National PresidentENGR. ARMANDO R. DIAZ

President’s Message

Industry and technology steadily grew into a comfortable level in the Philippines during the last thirty years. To sustain its growth and enhance development, new knowledge is essential. The best source of information in this field is experience and expertise shared by eminent technological people. The Institute of IntegratedElectrical Engineers (IIEE) of the Philippines grouped engineering professionals in fellowship and warm friendship and took advantage of the camaraderie to provide the needs of the country.

The friendship developed within inspired us to work together, discover new ideas, inventions and contraptions; as well as learn from one another, and make use of each others network of knowledge sources.

With these in mind, we created the Four-Circuit Program for this year to strengthen the bonds of IIEE's members some more and make it the muscle of the Institute’s potency. The program aims to ensure professional excellence among its members to meet the standards and values of state-of-the-art technological requirements.

Ecological balance and sustainable energy, which is now an everyday concern, is a challenge to everyone. The Four-Circuit Program endeavors to face this head-on with the pooled proficiency of our able members.

And since we have gigantic tasks ahead, we have to prepare ourselves, restudy our policies and guidelines, and rework non-functional policies and create more relevant directives.

We are committed to give the Institute a new image that would reflect its proficient capabilities as an important part of nation building

Let us all work together. Excellence in any art of profession is attained only by hard and persistent work.

6 2nd QUARTER 2011 THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER


President’s ReportSecond Quarter 2011

Time flies by and we are already entering the third quarter of 2011. With this, let us review the activities, programs and further developments that transpired during the second quarter, with this year's thrust, “Electrical Safety”

WelfareA. IIEE TRAININGS

With the commitment to promote professional development among the electrical practitioners in the country, the IIEE Continuing Professional Development Committee conducted five technical seminars during the second quarter namely:

1. PLC- Programming Methods and Its Application April 15-16, 2011 Engr. Philip Marvin D. Joven.2. Protective Relaying and Coordination April 29-30, 2011 Engr. Ulysses B. Paguio.3. Renewable Energy: Solar Power System June 3-4, 2011 Engr. Virgilio S. Luzares4. Electrical Power System Design of High-Rise Residential and Commercial Buildings May 6-7, 2011 Engr. Emiliano G. Marabulas. 5. SCADA System June 24-25, 2011 Engr. Philip Marvin D. Joven. B. IIEE WEBSITE

The latest updates and developments in the Institute can now be viewed in the IIEE website. This is through the efforts and cooperation of the Regional Governors, National Officers, IIEE Committees, and IIEE Secretariat.

A visit to www.iiee.org.ph will inform members about the latest developments in your respective regions and chapters.

C. PROGRESS ON THE IIEE NEW BUILDING

The Ad Hoc Committee for the IIEE New Building headed by Former President Arthur N. Escalante, is currently in the process of acquiring permits and other requirements. The feasibility study that was presented during the 6th Regular Board Meeting included the marketing strategies to solicit additional funds for its construction.

D. IIEE-COUNCIL OF STUDENT CHAPTERS (IIEE-CSC)

The IIEE-CSC successfully held its 25th IIEE CSC Annual Leadership Training and Workshop on May 20-22, 2011 at Rand Rich Resort in Ternate Cavite. It was attended by the members of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC) and former CSC officers.

Twenty-seven CSC aspirants participated in the activity with an aim to establish unity and camaraderie among the future leaders of the CSC.

EcologyA. PHILIPPINE GREEN BUILDING INITIATIVE

The Institute supported the technical lectures on Green Buildings for the Quezon City Government technical

personnel conducted by the United Architects of the Philippines – Green Architecture Movement last June 10, 2011.

Former President Arthur A. Lopez and Engr. Jesus C. Santos served as the Resource Speaker on the technical topic Building Energy Audit and Building Energy Efficiency Standard. Immediate Former President, Engr. Gregorio Y. Guevarra also attended in support of the advocacy.

Neo PoliciesA. QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The IIEE National Office conducted the Internal Quality Audits and Management Review meeting last June. These aim to oversee the quality of over-all operations of the Institute. The four departments of the Institute: (a) Administrative Department (b) Technical Department (c ) Finance Department (d) Marketing and Membership Department presented their accomplishment reports for the past two quarters.

The management review meeting discussed matters on the feedbacks received by the IIEE National Secretariat from the members and the recommendations for further improvement. The meeting served as an avenue to further enhance the efficiency of the Institute's internal operations.

Based on the external audit conducted by Ms. Sophia Mangahas of Certification International Philippines, the Institute


maintained its QMS in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2008.

B. RATIFICATION OF THE AMENDED BY- L AWS

The proposed amendments to the IIEE By-Laws was ratified during the national mid-year convention general membership meeting held in Bacolod City. The Institute gathered a total of 18,590 proxy votes with a total percentage of 57.8% of the general membership. C. REPUBLIC ACT 7920 (RA 7920)

The Legislation and Legal Affairs Committee (LELAC), chaired by Engr. Emiliano G. Marabulas, already completed the final draft of the proposed amendments to RA 7920. The proposed amendments were already submitted to the IIEE Board for further review.

This action to update the existing law is in accordance with the present conditions in the industry, and also intended to rationalize with the other engineering laws and other fields of practice.

SupportA. LAUNCHING OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY ENFORCEMENT AND AWARENESS CAMPAIGN PROJECT

The Institute, together with the International Copper Association South East Asia (ICASEA), launched the Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness (ESEA) Campaign Project last May.

The nationwide launching was supported by different private and government agencies. Simultaneous activities were conducted in the different chapters of the Institute such as public lectures on electrical safety, motorcades and brigada eskwela to increase the awareness of

the general public with a banner slogan “Electrical Safety Starts with Me”.

In relation with the ESEA Project, the IIEE Cagayan Kalinga Apayao hosted the 2011 Electrical Safety Forum last June 18, at CSU Amphitheater, Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. One hundred forty-three delegates participated in the event.

Also, the Central Laguna Chapter conducted the Electrical Safety Seminar with the theme “Electrical Mission” last May 20, at St. Francis of Assisi Parish Church, Pulo, Cabuyao, Laguna.

B. REGIONAL CONFERENCE

The La Union Chapter hosted the 13th Northern Luzon Regional Conference at Oasis Country Resort Hotel, San Fernando La Union on April 14 to 16. It was attended by more than 200 delegates coming from the different chapters of the region.

The 16th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference was successfully hosted by the Iligan Bay Chapter on June 23-25 at Grand Caprice, LimKetKai Commercial Center. It was attended by more than 200 delegates from the different chapters of the region.

C. 2011 NATIONAL MID-YEAR CONVENTION AND GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING

The National Mid-Year Convention was successfully hosted by the Negros Occidental Chapter on May 26-28 at Garden Royale, Goldenfields Convention Center in the City of Smiles, Bacolod City. It was attended by 376 delegates representing the different chapters of the Institute. The 2011 NMYC included ten technical sessions, with 25 participating exhibitors.

D. CHAPTER ACTIVITIES

For the second quarter, the different chapters focused on the Institute's thrust

in promoting electrical safety through the nationwide launching of ESEA Campaign Project.

Different activities were conducted in line with this project, such as motorcade, brigada eskwela and electrical safety seminars.

Other Activities

A. BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

The Board of Electrical Engineering conducted the April 2011 Registered Electrical Engineer and Registered Master Electrician Licensure Examination last April 17-19.

Eight Professional Electrical Engineers, 625 Registered Electrical Engineers and 665 Registered Master Electricians successfully passed the Electrical Engineering Licensure Examinations.

The oathtaking ceremonies of successful examinees was held on June 4 at the SMX Convention Center, Pasay City.

B. PRC AWARDS NIGHT

The Professional Regulation Commission and the Philippine Association of Professional Regulatory Board, Inc. (PAPRB), held the awarding ceremonies for the 2011 outstanding professionals and outstanding accredited professional organization on June 22 at the Fiesta Pavillion, Manila Hotel, with the theme “PRC: Bagong Mukha, Ibayong Sigla”.

Engr. William Yang, the Chairman of the Philippine Electrical Code Part I Committee, was chosen as the 2011 Most Outstanding Professional in the Field of Electrical Engineering. The IIEE was one of the nominees for the Most Outstanding Accredited Professional Organization.



IIEE News

IIEE Bataan Chapter conducts Motorcade, Technical Seminar and Brigada EskwelaBy: Engr. Nelson S. Andres, VP-Internal of Bataan Chapter

The Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.(IIEE) has signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with International Copper Association Southeast Asia (ICASEA) for the implementation of the three-year project “Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness” (ESEA) Campaign last February 10. The project aims to enhance the enforcement of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) to ensure electrical safety in residential buildings, provide capacity building to improve the skills of local electrical inspectors and increase public awareness toward electrical safety.

As a response to this endeavor, the IIEE Bataan Chapter organized three activities in support of the campaign.

(1) The motorcade, participated by more than 150 participants comprising of IIEE Student Chapters from Bataan Peninsula State University and Bataan Heroes Memorial College, Balanga City Government, Combat-React Bataan, Balanga City Fire Marshal, National Grid Corporation of the Philippines-District V, Peninsula Electric Cooperation and the

officers and members of IIEE Bataan Chapter.

The motorcade passed through five barangays of Balanga, Bataan.

(2) Technical Seminars with the following topics: (A) details of the ESEA Project by Engr. Benjamin Alamani, (B) Complacency and Safety Habits by Engr. Val C. Panganiban, (C) Behavioral Safety, by Engr. Carlito Pena, Chief Safety Engineer of Philippine National Oil Company - Alternative Fuel Corporation in Mariveles, Bataan (D) Behavioral and Cultural Safety.

(3) Brigada Eskwela held last May 23 to 29, 2011 at Bataan National High School led by Engr. Arnold Fernando. It was also participated in by the students of IIEE BPSU 2011.

Participants posed for a souvenir photo before the start of the motorcade

IIEE-Bataan Chapter in action at Brigada Eskwela in BNHS

The Electrical Engineer Magazine

BulletinThe Electrical Engineer, our quarterly magazine will feature different activities conducted by different Regions and its chapters.

With this, we would like all Regional Governors to coordinate with their respective chapters the submission of reports (articles) of all Chapter activities that you would like to be featured in The Electrical Engineer magazine. We would appreciate it if you would send your articles through email at [email protected] or [email protected] on or before the 15th of each month.

For further queries regarding the matter, you may coordinate with our Communications Staff, Ms. Jenelyn C. Pajutining at Telephone Nos. (02) 727-3552 loc. 109; (02) 448-5211.


IIEE News

The IIEE-Negros Oriental Chapter through its president, Engr. Jaime S. Tan led the IIEE-Negros Oriental Chapter members as they supported the launching of the ESEA last May 21. During their meeting prior to the launching day, the group decided to visit a local public school to inspect the electrical installation of the school and give recommendations if any.

Engr. Tan, together with Engr. Samuel U. Arbon, Engr. Rogelio P. Tondo, Jr., Engr. Earnest Frend Y. Uymatiao, Engr. Jennefer B. Badayos and Engr. Peter T. Credo visited the Candau-ay Elementary School in the morning to inspect the school’s electrical wiring installations. Prior to the start of the activity, Engr. Tan gave a briefing to the school’s administrators and staff and explained the purpose of the activity. The group then proceeded with the inspection from one room to the next and listing their findings and the defects of the electrical installation.

IIEE-Negros Oriental Chapter Shows Support to Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness (ESEA)

By: Engr. Peter T. Credo, Vice-President Internal Affairs, IIEE-Negros Oriental Chapter

The findings included the use of wrong cables for the ceiling fans, too many extension wires sprawling on the floor, defective or broken circuit breakers, switches and convenience outlets that needed to be replaced and others.

The school administrator gladly accepted the findings and recommendations and vowed to immediately act on them to ensure the safety of the pupils especially now that the school year was about to start. Nevertheless, there were items

that were immediately purchased by the IIEE chapter as donations like circuit breakers, switches and convenience outlets so that the defective materials in the rooms can be replaced immediately. The replacement of defective items was performed by a hired electrician.

The members of the IIEE chapter thanked the school staff for their support and cooperation during the inspection process. The group had a pictorial before they left which was also documented by the school as part of the “Brigada Eskwela”.

Negros Oriental Chapter Officers during the Brigada Eskwela at Candau-ay Elementary School, Pauswagon, Palamboon

Cagayan Kalinga Apayao Chapter hosts Electrical Safety Forum

The IIEE-Cagayan Chapter, in coordination with the IIEE Electrical Safety Committee (IIEEESC), successfully conducted the 2011 Electrical Safety Forum last June 18 in CSU Amphitheater, Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan.

The event was participated by 143 delegates, composed of 74 EE practitioners, 30 LGUs, and 39 from other agencies.

Engr. Nestor Rivera, coordinated with the IIEE National Office, through Engr. William J. Juan, Chairman of the IIEE-ESC regarding the conduct of the Electrical Safety Forum in Tuguegarao City. With this, the IIEE ESC members, together with

IIEE National President, Engr. Armando R. Diaz, went to Tuguegarao City to conduct the said seminar.

The program started with the welcome remarks of Engr. Edwin A. Bituan, IIEE-Cagayan Kalinga Apayao Chapter President. Engr. Diaz, also gave his inspirational address to the EE practitioners who participated in the event.

Invited resource speakers unselfishly share their expertise on the following topics: (1) Electrical Safety in General by Engr. Francis R. Calanio, Northern Luzon Regional Governor, (2) Safety Standards by Engr. Demetrio Banaag and Engr.

William J. Juan, and (3) Construction Safety by Engr. Armando R. Diaz.

The event concluded with an open forum where delegates raised their queries and clarifications on the topics discussed by the different resource speakers.

Participants of the Electrical Safety Forum


IIEE News

IIEE Brings Off a Successful 2011 Mid-Year Convention in Bacolod

By: Engr. Andy Glynn A. Gayman, REEWith inputs from Engr. Marlon T Marcuelo, Western Visayas Regional Governor

This year’s national mid-year convention was a fulfilling three-day event held at the Garden Royale, Goldenfield Complex in the city of Bacolod from May 26-28 despite the contemporaneous unpleasant weather condition affecting regions in Visayas.

The IIEE Negros Occidental Chapter is a proud host of this occasion led by the Conference Chairman and Region VI Governor, Engr. Marlon T. Marcuelo, coordinated by the Chapter President, Engr. Noel L. Olea as it gathered over 376 delegates mostly from Regions VI and VII particularly Antique, Bohol, Cebu, Iloilo, Isabel-Leyte, Leyte-Samar, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cebu and North Negros. A handful of attendees coming from the rest of the Regions were Chapters from Baguio-Benguet, Batangas, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan-Kalinga, Camarines, Catanduanes, Cagayan de Oro, Central Laguna, Davao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocus Sur, Abra, La Union, Legazpi-Albay, NCR, Northern Cavite, Northern Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Palawan, Pangasinan, Socsargen, Southern Cavite, Cotabato and Zambasulta.

This is the third consecutive year since 2009 that such an event was held outside of Metro Manila (NCR Region).

Thus received an all-out support from the Board of Governors and the Council of Former Presidents who were witness present to observe. It would be noted that NCR was the usual venue for years since the 1995 national mid-year convention.

Meanwhile, National President Armando R. Diaz promulgated his 4-Circuit Program abbreviated as WENS to the listening crowd during his welcome remarks; WENS stands for Welfare, Ecology, Neo-policies and Support aimed at reinforcing the comradeship of the IIEE members towards nation building.

Amidst the growing number of incidents of fire due to electrical irregularities nationwide, the president urged to promote “Electrical Safety” quoting: “To give prominence to the campaign, we made representations to the Philippine Congress to declare the month of May this year and thereafter as ‘Electrical Safety Month’.”

Overall, ten (10) technical sessions were conducted to keep the attendees educated on the following subject matters: Building Power and Distribution, Protective Relaying, Nuclear Energy, Short Circuit Calculation and Analysis, Energy Efficiency in the Commercial Sector, PEC Revision & EE Practice, Coal Power Plant, and Understanding Power Quality.

Significant appearances from the Board of Electrical Engineering included Hon. Francis V. Mapile’s talk on the guidelines for becoming a PEE while Hon. Fortunato

C. Leynes gave an expose on the recently thwarted technology-aided fraud during the EE board exams.

The occasion was an overall success which opened opportunities of a potential market for the twenty–six (26) participating exhibitors and ten (10) product presenters as well as of new and enhanced professional expertise for

the delegates .

More than 20 exhibitors participated in the NMYC Exhibition

Dr. Rogelio R. Balo, City Administrator together with the IIEE Board of Governors during the Opening Ceremonies

The delegates coming from the nine regions of the Institute


La Union Chapter hosts 13th Northern Luzon Regional ConferenceEngr. Francis R. Calanio, Northern Luzon Regional Governor

The IIEE La Union Chapter proved its strength as a united, strong and dynamic chapter as it successfully hosted the 13th Northern Luzon Regional Conference on April 14-16 at Oasis Country Resort Hotel, San Fernando City, La Union with the theme, “Economic Development Through Clean and Affordable Electricity”.

The three-day event included a golf tournament, plan tour and various technical and product presentations. It was attended by more than 200 electrical practitioners coming from the different part of the region and some members from the nearby region.

The event started with the 1st IIEE Region I Golf tournament held at Thunderbird Resort, THE CLIFFS Golf & Beach Club, Poro Point, San Fernando City on April 14. It was participated by 55 golfers. Winners of the golf tournament were: • Tournament Champion- Lowest

Gross Score - Mr. Chester Calpotura• Class A Champion - Mr. Suanny

Mangaoang; 1st Runner-up - Engr. Rey G. Paduganan; 2nd Runner-up - Mr. Bob Chambers

• Class B. Champion - Mr. Benny Ablang; 1st Runner-up - Mr. Winston Flores; 2nd Runner-up -Mr. Santos Sabado

• Class C Champion- Mr. Chris Ismael; 1st Runner-up - Mr. James Lafrankie; 2nd Runner-up - Mr. Ray Bruce

• Ladies Division Champion - Ms. Angel Macam

• Juniors Division Champiom - Mr. Sam Ortega

On the same date, the plant tour at 1590 Energy Corporation was conducted, with 50 participants.

The Opening Ceremony was held on the second day of the conference. Engr. Marc Eric Villanueva, the host Chapter President welcomed all the delegates, guests, visitors and exhibitors who showed their cooperation and support for the event. In his message, he told the audience that the La Union Chapter was much honoured to host this year's Region I Conference. He further extended his warmest appreciation to the working team who had given their valuable time for their commitment and effort to foster excellence among the electrical practitioner-members through hosting and organizing of such kind of events.

In his message, Engr. Francis R. Calanio, emphasized the importance of the Institute's 2011 theme and its timeliness due to the high cost of electricity and the problem of power shortage.

IIEE National President, Engr. Armando R. Diaz, on his part, extended his warm morning greetings to all the delegates in the local dialect, “Naimbag nga bigat!”. He also commended the host chapter for its dedication and passion in organizing such an event that will further develop the professional skills of its members.

Mr. Artemio Pulido read the message in behalf of Engr. Washington M. Agustin, Director of TESDA in Region I. In the message of Engr. Agustin, he commended the electrical practitioners as a special breed of professionals that continuously discover new ways and means to achieve the dreams and to be a venue for the development of society.

Invited notable speakers shared their expertise during the technical sessions, being one of the highlights of the conference. Topics that were discussed: (1) Power System and Protection Relaying; (2) Building Power and Distribution; (3) Electrical Safety; (4) The Use of Simple Drawings to Determine Fault Current; (5) Electrical Contracting; (6) Renewable Energy for Electricity Generation; (7) Arc Flash Analysis; (8) Manuals of Motors

and Drives, Transformers, and Wires and Cables.

The event also included technical product presentations which were participated in by eight companies that showcased the latest products and services in the market. Among these companies were (1) Greenlee; (2) Access Frontier; (3) KC Industries; (4) Pazipik Power, Inc.; (4) Asiaphil; (5) BTCino; (6) Cooper; and (7) Panasonic.

Aside from the technical and product presentations, the conference also highlighted the exhibition of suppliers, manufacturers and distributors in the industry.

The closing ceremony capped the 3-day event. Engr. Catalino E. Raña, Former Regional Governor of Northern Luzon extended his appreciation to the eight chapters of the region, the sponsors, exhibitors, delegates and advertisers, who showed their utmost support towards the success of the Regional Conference.

Engr. Marvin Padilla, graced the occasion, representing Mr. Andy White as the closing ceremonies guest speaker. In the message of Mr. White, he welcomed all the delegates to the city of San Fernando La Union. He also emphasized that the Institute's theme for this year was indeed timely after the devastation caused by the massive earthquake and Tsunami in Japan. He encouraged everyone to take action in promoting environmental protection through discovering alternative sources of energy.

The working team with the 2011 Board of Governors

Mr. Artemio Pulido represents Engr. Washington Agustin during the opening of the exhibits

IIEE News


Iligan Bay Chapter hosts 16th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference

The 16th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference was successfully conducted on June 23-25 at Grand Caprice Convention Hall, Limketkai Commercial Center, Cagayan De Oro City. It was attended by more than 200 delegates representing the local chapters of the regions.

The two-day event included different activities such as the Electrical Safety Motorcade from Iligan City to Cagayan De Oro, educational tour, skills competitions, technical sessions and product presentations. The conference also showcased the latest trends and innovations in the industry through its exhibition participated in by 18 companies.

The conference featured six product presentations by Asiaphil, PPI Pazifik, BTCino, Phelps Dodge, and Gram Industrial.

Engr. Resnol C. Torres, President of National Association of General Managers of Electric Cooperative (NAGMEC) and the General Manager of Lanao Electric

Cooperative graced the opening ceremonies as the guest speaker. In his message, he emphasized the importance of the electrical profession in the industry and in the community. He also discussed the importance of affordable electricity to the masses.

Invited resource speakers shared their expertise on different topics such as Electrical System Proper Grounding, Short Circuit Calculation, Substation Maintenance, Fundamentals of HV Lightning Arresters, Determining Short Circuit Current by Simple Drawings, Power Transmission Lines, Electrical Hazardous Waste Management, Electrical Contracting and Consultancy Services, Electrical Safety Statutory Requirement, Preventive Maintenance of Power Transformer: An Inside Look, Energy Efficiency for Industrial and Commercial Building, Programmable Logic Controller, Significant Changes to Philippine Electrical Code 2009 Edition, and Guidelines for the PEE Licensure Examination.

The conference also hosted meetings such as the Chapter Presidents' Meeting, 36th Annual National Convention Bureau

Meeting and the 6th Regular Board Meeting.

The closing ceremonies capped the two-day conference. The occasion was graced by Mr. Rafael Paguio, SVP, Cagayan Electric Power and Light Co., Inc. (CEPALCO). During his message, he discussed the power situation in Mindanao and the role of Renewable Energy. Engr. Paduganan, extended his appreciation to the conference working

Engr. Rey G. Paduganan, Northern Mindanao Regional Governor

The Institute invites you to attend the 2012 National Mid-Year Convention and General Membership Meeting to be hosted by the Cagayan De Oro Chapter.

Above Photo: The IIEE Board of Governors during the official opening of the exhibitBelow Photo: The delegates of the 16th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference

Engr. Rey G. Paduganan, Northern Mindanao Regional Governor and Engr. Romeo A. Encabo, host Chapter President, awards the Plaque of Appreciation to Engr. Resnol C. Torres, as the Guest Speaker of Opening Ceremonies

IIEE News

committee, exhibitors, sponsors, and delegates who made the 16th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference an enormous success. He also invited everyone to attebd 2012 National Mid-Year Convention and General Membership Meeting which will be hosted by the Cagayan De Oro Chapter.


IIEE News

Eastern/Central Visayas Region Supports ESEA Project

In support of the Institute’s thrust to promote electrical safety enforcement and awareness among the general public, the chapters of Eastern/Central Visayas Region held the following activities last May 21:

The Bohol Chapter conducted Electrical Safety Seminar at Jagna Municipal Hall, Jagna Bohol.

The chapter also conducted a motorcade as part of the nationwide launching of Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness Campaign.

Isabel Leyte Chapter, meanwhile conducted an inspection at Relocation Elementary School in conjunction with the Department of Education.

The Cebu Chapter, on the other hand, held an On-air activity at DYRC Radio Program with the topic “What is Faulty Electrical Wiring and Electrical Safety”.

The following personalities were present:Hon. Alvin Dizon (Anchor man); Ms. Marlene Paracuelles (Pagtambayayong Foundation Inc.); Mr. Rogelio Romares (Empowerment and Reaffirmation of Paternal Abilities Training); SFO2 Rogelio Baran (Bureau of Fire Protection –Region VII); Engr. Gregorio S. Gepitulan (Chairman, Professional Practice Committee); Engr. Rodel C. Vicente (President, IIEE Cebu Chapter)

Engr. Lelanie T. Mirambel, Eastern/Central Visayas Regional Governor

Albay-Legazpi Chapter Conducts Basic Electrician’s Skills Training Batch 2

Engr. Ronaldo D. Ebrada, Bicol Regional Governor

The Albay-Legazpi City Chapter conducted Basic Electrician’s Skills Training for its 2nd Batch of trainees.

The activity was held in partnership with the Accutrain Training and Development and Legazpi Sony Marketing.

A total of 18 students participated in the training. The training included lectures on basic electricity, safety, proper use of tools, and the trainees’ exhibition of skills through the hands-on wiring. The Over-all coordinator of the activity was the Region’s former Governor, Engr. Antonio B. Millete.

The training lasted from May 7, until June 18, and was held at Guevarra Subdivision, Legazpi City.

The participants of Basic Electricians Skills Training Batch 2


IIEE News

Southern Luzon Region conducts Electrical Safety Awareness Activitities

Engr. Roselyn C. Rocio, Southern Luzon Regional Governor

The chapters of IIEE Southern Luzon Region conducted electrical safety awareness activities in line with the Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness (ESEA) Campaign Project of the Institute and the International Copper Association Southeast Asia (ICASEA).

Batangas Chapter held its General Membership Meeting and technical seminars on Electrical Safety and RA 7920 on May 14 at Teacher’s Conference Center. It was attended by 21 members, 43 non-members and 10 students.

The seminar was attended by electrical engineers and electricians from the provincial and city government and graced by the Batangas City Administrator, Mr. Felipe Baroja. Among the companies and groups who supported the event were Palmer-Asia Inc., TOMIFUGI Co. Ltd., CalbridgeTraining Center and the Batangas City Government.

Mr. Felipe Baroja, Batangas City Administrator delivering his inspirational message and his support to the implementation of RA 7920

Batangas Chapter Officers, delegates, guests and sponsors during GMM & Electrical Safety Seminar

The Southern Cavite Chapter (IIEE-SCC) held its General Membership Meeting, UR4 Meeting and Launching of Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness Campaign on May 21.

A Motorcade activity was held as part of the nationwide launching of Electrical Safety Month last May 21. The participants gathered in the early morning at SM City Dasmariñas, Pala-pala, Dasmariñas Cavite. The motorcade started from Pala-pala Dasmariñas Cavite to the Provincial Capitol Building, Trece Martires City, Cavite.

After the motorcade, the 4th Leg of UR4 was held at Cavite Public Restaurant at Brgy. San Agustin, Trece Martires City. Mayor Melandres G. de Sagun of Trece Martires City graced the occasion as the Guest Speaker.

As a part of the event, the chapter recognized the 10 Registered Master Electrician Board Passers who took the upgrading course conducted by the IIEE-SCC.

The Ten Registered Master Electricians Board PassersThe event also included technical seminars on RA 7920 Implementation, Energy Efficiency Presentation for Household and electrical safety seminar that was attended by 36 members and 25 non-members.

Engr. Banaag accepts his plaque of appreciation as Resouce Speaker for electrical safety seminar.

The Central Laguna Chapter conducted Electrical Safety Seminar at St. Francis of Asisi, Cabuyao Laguna on May 20.

IIEE National President, Engr. Armando R. Diaz, with the participants of the Electrical Safety Seminar



Isabel Leyte Chapter induction & oath taking of 2011 officers and BOD

Isabel Leyte Chapter skills training seminar with out of school youths

Isabel Leyte Chapter guidance seminar with high school students on 3 batches from January until March

Municipality of Argao Municipality of Dalaguete

Municipality of Liloan with Cebu City Councilor, Cabarrubias

With DYRC Radio Station

Leyte Samar Chapter

sports fest with EVSU

Leyte

Samar

Chapter

brgy

outreach

program

With Hon. Thadeo Ouano With DILG R7 Director, Dr. Pedro A. Noval

Cebu Chapter visits to on the advocacy of RA 7920 implementation

INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.REGION 7 CHAPTER ACTIVITIES FOR Q1 FY11

Prepared by: Engr. Lelanie T. Mirambel, Governor Region VII

Cover Story

Electrical Safety and Enforcement Awareness Campaign:

A Timely AdvocacyThe Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE) together with the International Copper Association South East Asia (ICASEA) launched the Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness (ESEA) Campaign Project on May 21, at the IIEE National Office, Cubao, Quezon City. The launching carried the slogan, “Electrical Safety Starts With Me!” and participated in by the IIEE Officers and representatives from various government and private agencies in the industry.

THE BACKGROUNDER

According to the compiled data of fire incidents by the Bureau of Fire Protection, 10,773 fire incidents occurred in 2010, resulting in a total damage cost of PhP3,933,920,761.21.

The top three major causes of fire incidents in 2010 were electrical connections, electrical appliances and electrical machineries. In Metro Manila alone, 1,676 fire incidents caused by electrical connections were recorded.

With this, the ICASEA and IIEE entered into a joint undertaking through the ESEA Project to prevent the increasing rate of fire incidents due to electrical system problem .

The ICASEA collaborated with the IIEE as the key facilitator for the strategic

planning, establishment of steering committee, and the implementation of the project in the country. Thus, the ICASEA and IIEE signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) last February 10 at the New World Hotel in Makati City. The MOA ties these two organizations in implementing this program. Through the ESEA campaign project, certain strategies will be developed by the steering committee to enhance the enforcement of the Philippine Electrical Code to ensure electrical safety among the various types of establishments nationwide.

The ESEA Campaign is designed to enhance the enforcement of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 (PEC 1), provide capacity building to improve the skills of local inspectors, increase the awareness of and educate the public on the importance of electrical safety, and strengthen the institutional cooperation between government and industry such as the local government units, developers, and contractors association, among others.

The PEC 1 contains the “provisions which is considered necessary for safety and is used as basis for legal enforcement in the installation of electrical system design in the country” (PEC 1 2009 Edition). Compliance with the code will be an

avenue for avoiding the hazards caused by inappropriate wiring methods or materials, or improper maintenance of the wiring system.

This three-year project is supported by the International Copper Association Southeast Asia (ICASEA), a non-profit organization that has a vision of “inspiring the world about copper's essentiality for health, technology and the quality of life” and a mission “to advance copper as the material of choice for current markets and new application”.

The project's roadmap includes the following action: In 2011, the establishment of partnership with different organizations such as the Association of City and Municipal Electrical Engineers and Electricians


Representatives of IIEE and ICASEA during the MOA signing of the ESEA Campaign project.

IIEE officers and ICASEA discuss plans and programs during the launching.

Cover Story

(ACMEEE) and the Board of Electrical Engineering (BEE), the establishment of steering committee and working group, the preparation of marketing materials, the formulation of training program and the project launching in Metro Manila.

In 2012, it is the aim of this project to launch the training program in other selected cities in the country, formulate and implement a Public Awareness Campaign, and engagement of the local government to ensure a better inspection system. The review of training and development of new topics will transpire in 2013, together with the development of e-learning tools for the trainings. The steering committee will also hold an annual meeting with its partners for its annual review and the evaluation of the project effectiveness.

THE NATIONAL LAUNCHING

The ESEA Campaign project launching held last May 21 was in cooperation with the different private and government agencies such as the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Safety Organization of the Philippines (SOPI), National Electrification Administration (NEA), National Transmission Corporation (TransCo), Association of City Municipal Electrical Engineers and Electricians (ACMEEE), Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC), Board of Electrical Engineering (BEE), Department of Labor and Employment

(DOLE), Columbia Wires and Cables, Meralco, Phelps Dodge, and American Wires and Cables.

Mr. Bek Chee Jin, Chief Operating Officer (COO) of ICASEAand Ms. Jessie Lei, ICA Program Manager based on China visited the country to join the nationwide launching of the ESEA campaign project. Hon. Brenda L. Villafuerte, Director IV of Department of Labor and Employment- Bureau of Working Conditions (DOLE-BWC) also graced the project launching.

The program started with a motorcade participated in by the IIEE officers, Former Presidents, IIEE Committee Officers and National Secretariat. The participants gathered in the early morning in front of the IIEE National Office. It started from Aurora Boulevard in Cubao, passed through Ramon Magsaysay Blvd. going to Legarda, all the way to CM Recto to Morayta and España before going back to the IIEE National Office. Along with the motorcade, the ESEA

Committee, led by its Chairman, Hon. Francis V. Mapile, conducted a Brigada Eskwela, a free electrical inspection of schools, prior to the opening of classes of the current school year, on Batino Elementary School in Batino Street, Project 3 Quezon City,

With an objective of disseminating the information regarding the ESEA Campaign project to a diversified number of audience, the Institute called for a press conference to promote the project, in cooperation with the different media companies in the country.

An article by Mr. Rudy A. Fernandez was published in the Philippine Star last June 13, with the title, “No Such thing as faulty electrical wiring, says IIEE”. The article featured the launching of ESEA campaign project and the statement given by the Institute that there is no such thing as faulty electrical wiring. It was quoted in the article that “faulty electrical wiring (FEW) as a cause of fire

is just a scapegoat, an excuse for a fire incident with a yet unknown origin”.

Also written in the said article was the statement from the IIEE that “an electrical system won't work nor function, if, in the very first place, it is faulty”.


Guests from other stakeholders during the press conference for the ESEA project

Guests from other stakeholders during the press conference for the ESEA project

Members of the IIEE Electrical safety Committee conducts Brigada Eskwela in conjunction with the ESEA launching.

Ms. Jessie Lei of ICASEA answers questions during the press conference

ACTIVITIES

IIEE National President, Engr. Armando R. Diaz encouraged all the chapters to participate in the nationwide launching of the ESEA Campaign Project, through the conduct of electrical safety awareness activities in their locality.

The Institute also came-up with a massive campaign to promote electrical safety by including the electrical safety motorcade during its monthly regional conferences.

Last May 26, the ESEA Committee, together with the Officers of Negros Occidental Chapter, conducted the electrical safety motorcade, as a part of the Institute's 2011 National Mid-Year Convention and General Membership Meeting, held in Bacolod City.

The electrical safety motorcade also reached the City of Golden Friendship last June 23, during the 16th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference hosted by the Iligan Bay Chapter. The motorcade

started in Iligan City and ended in Cagayan De Oro City.

Other activities were conducted by the chapters in relation with the ESEA campaign project such as public lectures on electrical safety, electrical wiring inspection among the different schools in their locality (Brigada Eskwela) and motorcade to increase public awareness of the importance of electrical safety.

PROCLAMATION NO. 193

To give prominence to the campaign, the IIEE made representations to the Philippine Congress through Congressman Angelo Palmones to declare the month of May this year and thereafter as the Electrical Safety Month.

Thus, Proclamation No. 193 Declaring the Month of May of Every Year as the Electrical Safety Month was signed by the President of the Republic of the Philippines, Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III. (See page 22).

It was stated in the proclamation that the primary causes of fire is “not faulty electrical wiring but the ignorance in the use of electrical appliances and gadgets such as overloading of electrical outlets and the use of counterfeit electrical products such as circuit breakers, power strips, extension cords, batteries and

holiday lights that cause fires, explosions, shocks, and electrocutions”.

The Proclamation aims to increase the awareness of the general public on electrical safety and to further educate the people of the importance of safe usage of electrical appliances, equipment and other gadgets.

Chapter Activity

Cover Story


Participants of the General Membership Meeting and Technical Seminars on Safety hosted by the Bataan Chapter.

Participants of Electrical Safety Forum hosted by the IIEE Cagayan Kalinga Apayao Chapter.

The proclamation will therefore highlight the role of the Institute in the scheme to provide electrical safety in households, streets, offices and manufacturing establishments situated in barangays, towns and cities throughout the country.

THE ESEA STEERING GROUP

The Institute established the ESEA Steering Group (ESG) chaired by Former President and Board of Electrical Engineering Member, Hon. Francis V. Mapile.

The ESG involves the Ad Hoc Committee on Electrical Safety and the different government and private companies from the industries such as the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), Bureau of Product Standards (BPS), Board of Electrical Engineering (BEE), Association of City and Municipal Electrical Engineers and Electricians (ACMEEE), and the Manila Electric Company.

The ESEA steering group is in-charge on the formulation, planning and implementation of the activities and programs for the ESEA project. The group will establish close coordination with ICASEA to impelement all the activities under the ESEA Campaign Project and

on the conduct of the Annual Review meetings to monitor and evaluate its effectiveness. The steering group will conduct strategic planning meetings with an aim to establish a three-year program for the ESEA Campaign Project to be presented by September 2011. The following activities were proposed to be included in the three-year program:

(1)The inclusion of 'Safety' topics in all the Regional Conferences of the Institute. Only qualified resource speakers duly accredited by the ESG will discuss the topic ;

(2)The revision of the criteria for Best Regional Conference by the inclusion of socio-civic activities in relation with ESEA project.

(3)The promotion and conduct of ESEA activities on the Chapter level. This aims to strengthen the IIEE Chapters through the holding of ESEA activities such as caravan, motorcade and electrical safety forum;

(4)Simultaneous Manila Wide Motorcade as a part of the Institute's 36th Annual National Convention and 3E XPO 2011.

Cover Story

Quote,Unquote

“The pessemist complains about the wind. The optimist expects it to change. The Leader adjusts the sails” John Maxwell


Motorcades conducted in the different part of the regions.

People & Event

Sorsogon Chapter Barangay Electrician Accreditation Seminar with its Resource

Speaker, Engr. Joselito Orticio

Former President Engr. Gregorio Y. Guevarra presen-ted the Institute’s Bid for the 2011 Most Oustanding

Accredited Professional Organization by the PRC

Presentation of Solar Hydrogen Fuel by BOS Engineering of US.

National President, Engr. Armando R. Diaz receives the Plaque of Recognition to IIEE as nominee for the 2011 Oustanding

Accredited Professional Organization Award by PRC

Cebu Chapter conducts technical seminar on Energy Management & Conservation and Building Audit

The Board of Electrical Engineering conducts the oathtaking ceremonies of the new PEE, REE and RME

The Southern Cavite Chapter conducts its 5th Board of Directors Meeting last May 7, 2011

Davao Chapter conducts meeting in preparation for the Southern Mindanao Regional Conference

Technical Feature

TROUBLE SHOOTING OF ELECTRIC MOTORS

Safety PrecautionsA Technical Paper from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

When there is a motor failure, often there is tremendous effort expended answering why a motor failed and when it can be returned to service. Depending on the particular application, a motor failure may not have any impact on continued plant operation. However, due to technical specifications or regulatory commitments, an entire operation may have to be brought to a halt until a particular motor can be declared operable. Regardless of the actual or assumed urgency, unsafe acts either from personnel, equipment, or a regulatory point of view should not be the accepted practice.

4.1 Personnel SafetyBefore any equipment is inspected, the person performing the inspection should be sure that the situation is safe. If a motor has had a fault, and before it is physically touched, one should be sure that the motor does not present a shock hazard to anyone that will be working on a particular motor. Practices, such as assuring the motor has been checked, properly grounded and the power source removed, as a minimum should be done before actual physical work can begin.

Hearing protection may be required when inspecting a motor that is operating. One possible exception to this precaution is the fact that many times abnormal sounds may be an indication of motor problems. Making note of abnormal sounds may be useful in the troubleshooting process.

Guarding (barriers) should be done to prevent personnel from the motion hazards associated with rotating power equipment. Personnel that have access to this equipment should be protected from injury that might occur by being in the proximity to this type of equipment or against defeating protective devices without proper authorization. The primary purpose is protection against

bodily injury from moving parts or other hazards.

The following principles for effectively protecting or guarding equipment for personnel safety is as follows:• Understand operating practices related to equipment• Any methods used for guarding should provide safety to personnel•Any methods should take into consideration any unusual operating or maintenance situations• Consider the type of people that may be exposed to equipment, including any observers• Guarding methods should be effective without impacting practical use of equipment• Provide ease of access and prevent inadvertent operation

When involved in troubleshooting rotating equipment, personnel should be motivated to maintain safety practices and not expose personnel to hazardous conditions.

4.2 Operational SafetyIf during the troubleshooting process, there is a need to energize equipment, isolation from the load or system may be necessary such that the troubleshooting activities will not affect other plant systems during the check-out process.

Care should be taken for activities that may require in-plant testing. Any isolation from controls should be taken into account to avoid inadvertent indications in the plant, such as lock-out or other system actuations trips during motor check-out.

4.3 Equipment SafetyWhen troubleshooting equipment, the responsible person should ensure that any activities, such as testing do not further damage the equipment. It is the goal of the process to diagnose the actual

problem or condition of a motor rather than introduce new problems.

Excessive starting should be avoided because of the potential for damage to the motor, especially the rotor due to overheating if excessive starting is done in short time periods.

Equipment grounding should be maintained. Often grounding is done to limit voltages due to abnormal voltage conditions, unintentional contact with high voltage lines, or to stabilize voltage during operation. Grounding is usually done in accordance with National Electric Code guidance or other industry practices.

Motor surface temperature is a function of the type of motor enclosure, method of cooling, class of insulation, and the operating environment. Depending on the type and application, the surface temperature of a motor may reach levels that could be hazardous to personnel. Excessive temperature could be an indication of service problems such as overload, stall, cycling or fault conditions. Other conditions that could lead to increased temperature are blocked ventilation openings, high ambient temperature, and/or unusual voltage conditions.

THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI) conducts research and development relating to the generation, delivery and use of electricity for the benefit of the public. An independent, nonprofit organization, EPRI brings together its scientists and engineers as well as experts from academia and industry to help address challenges in electricity, including reliability, efficiency, health, safety and the environment.

This article is for general information only anis not a substitute for professional advice where the facts and circumstances warrant.

The views and opinion expressed above are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Institute.


NEW CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF The Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philipines, Inc.

ARTICLE I. NAME, TYPE OF ORGANIZATION AND PLACE OF OFFICESec. 1 NAME. The name of the organization shall be THE INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. referred to as the "Institute" or "IIEE."

Sec.2 TYPE OF ORGANIZATION. The Institute shall be a non-stock, non-profit organization and shall exist under and in accordance with the laws of the Republic of the Philippines.

Sec. 3 PLACE OF OFFICE. The national office of the Institute shall be located in Metro-Manila with chapter offices in the various regions of the Philippines and in other countries.

ARTICLE II. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVESThe purpose and objectives of the Institute are the same as those enumerated in the Articles of Incorporation of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE).

ARTICLE III. MEMBERSHIPThe membership of the Institute shall consist of licensed and non-licensed members, as follows:

Sec. 1 LICENSED MEMBERS:1.1 Regular Members – Professional Electrical Engineers and Registered Electrical Engineers who have complied with membership requirements.

1.2 Associate Members – Registered Master Electricians who have complied with membership requirements.

1.3 Life Members – Regular and Associate Members in good standing who have satisfied the requirements for life membership.

1.4 Senior Members – Regular Members who have qualified and whose applications for the senior grade have been approved by the Board of Governors.

The grade of Senior Member is the highest professional grade for which application may be made and shall require experience reflecting professional maturity. For transfer from the grade of Regular Member to the grade of Senior Member, a candidate shall be a Life Member and have been in active professional practice for at least ten (10) years and shall have shown significant performance of at least five (5) years in any field of electrical engineering. The Board of Governors shall establish the necessary guidelines.

1.5 Fellows – Senior Members who have qualified and have been conferred the grade of Fellow by the Board of Governors.

The grade of Fellow recognizes the outstanding distinction and dedicated service to the electrical engineering profession. The grade of Fellow shall be conferred only by invitation by the Board of Governors upon a life member of outstanding qualifications and experience in IIEE-designated fields, and has made important individual contributions to one or more of these fields. To be eligible for invitation, the candidate shall currently be a Senior Member and shall have been in active professional practice for twenty (20) years or more and shall have shown significant performance over a period of ten (10) years or more. The Board shall establish the criteria in the awarding of the grade of Fellow to deserving members.

Sec. 2 NON-LICENSED MEMBERS2.1 Honorary Members – Deserving persons, who have contributed to the welfare and advancement of the Institute may be conferred Honorary membership by the Board of Governors in accordance with guidelines established by the Board of Governors.

2.2 Auxiliary Members – Non-licensed BSEE graduates who have indicated interest in the objectives and activities of the Institute and who have complied with membership requirements.

2.3 Student Members – Electrical Engineering Students in the various recognized engineering schools who have complied with membership requirements.

ARTICLE IV. ADMISSION, DISCIPLINARY ACTION AND EXPULSION OF MEMBERSSec. 1. APPLICATION. Application for membership shall be made on forms provided for the purpose and shall be submitted to the National Office or to the IIEE Chapter.

Sec.2. ENDORSEMENT. The application is passed on through the Governor of the Region to the Membership Committee in the National Office or directly to the Membership Committee in the case of Metro Manila, which in turn endorses it to the Board of Governors. Sec. 3 ADMISSION. When the application is confirmed by the Board of Governors the applicant, upon payment of entrance fees and annual dues is admitted as a member of the Institute. He shall then receive the

corresponding certificate of membership and identification card.

Sec. 4 DISCIPLINARY ACTION AND EXPULSION. For violating the Constitution and By-Laws of the Institute or IIEE Codes of Ethics or for conduct contrary to the best interest of the Institute, a member may be censured, suspended or expelled from the Institute by appropriate resolution by the Board of Governors. A member whose license was revoked by the Professional Regulation Commission shall cease to be a member of the Institute.

Sec. 5 CHARGES. A charged member may, upon the presentation of the charges against him by at least five (5) members in good standing of the Institute, be caused to appear before the Professional Practice Committee to answer charges. The Professional Practice Committee, after due investigation and deliberation, shall make the necessary recommendations to the Board of Governors who will decide by two-thirds (2/3) vote, the final action to take. The Board of Governors shall have sole discretion regarding the disciplinary action to be taken. Its decision is final and binding.

ARTICLE V. RIGHTS OF MEMBERSSec.1 GENERAL. All licensed members of the Institute in good standing shall be entitled to all rights and privileges within the context of this Constitution and By-Laws. Only regular members shall be eligible to be elected as members of the Board of Governors.

Sec. 2 LIST OF RIGHTS. These rights and privileges are as follows:

2.1 Members shall receive the IIEE magazine, "THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER."

2.2 Members shall be notified in advance of all General Meetings and Special Technical Conferences intended for the general membership and sponsored by or under the auspices of the Institute.

2.3 Members shall be notified of approved major policy changes at least thirty (30) days before they are implemented.

2.4 Members may attend and participate in all the Institute's technical meetings, conferences, conventions, symposia and business meetings, provided the prescribed registration fees, if any, have been paid.

2.5 Members may attend and participate in technical seminars, tutorials, workshops and review courses conducted by the Institute at discounted rates.


2.6 Licensed Members may vote or be voted on for any office in accordance with the relevant provisions in this IIEE Constitution and By-Laws.

2.7 Members may purchase, at discounted rates, copies of the PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODES, Part 1 & 2 and other publications of IIEE.

2.8 Members shall have access to the IIEE Library, IIEE website, and official publications.

2.9 Members may request for technical information.

2.10 Members may request the assistance of IIEE in renewing their Registration Cards with the Professional Regulation Commission.

2.11 Members shall enjoy other rights and privileges which may be deemed beneficial to the membership as approved by the Board of Governors.

ARTICLE VI. FEES AND DUESSec. 1 FEES. Each new regular, associate, auxiliary and student member shall pay an entrance fee which shall be prescribed by the Board of Governors. Each new Life Member shall pay a life membership fee equivalent to ten (10) years of annual dues of regular members.

Sec.2 DUES. The annual membership dues for_regular, associate, auxiliary and student members shall be prescribed by the Board of Governors. There shall be no annual dues for life and honorary members.

Sec. 3. SHARING OF FUNDS. The funds of the national organization shall come from its share of the annual dues, life membership fees, contributions and special assessments which the Board of Governors may prescribe for the members, donations which are received by the Institute from time to time and from other legitimate sources. Thirty percent (30%) of the annual dues shall form part of the national operating fund. The seventy percent (70%) of the annual dues shall be for t he Chapter's operational expense. Life membership fees shall form the LIFE MEMBERSHIP FUND. The yearly earnings of this Fund shall be shared as follows: 25% will be reverted back to the fund, 75% of the remaining annual earnings will be shared 30% and 70% by the National Office and the Contributing chapter, respectively.

Sec. 4 NON-PAYMENT OF DUES. Any member who has not paid his membership dues_shall be considered as dues-delinquent member thereby ceases to be a member in good standing.

Sec. 5 PAYMENT OF ARREARS. As soon as the dues-delinquent member settles his outstanding accounts, he shall automatically become again a member in good standing.

Sec. 6 REVISION OF FEES AND DUES. The Board of Governors may prescribe revision of the entrance fees, life membership fees and annual dues as the need arises.

ARTICLE VII. BOARD OF GOVERNORSSec. 1 MANAGEMENT. The affairs and governance of the Institute shall be managed by a Board of Governors of seventeen (17) members consisting of ten (10) Regional Governors representing the ten regions including Metro Manila and seven (7) Governors-at-Large. The immediate former president shall sit as an “ex-officio” member of the Board of Governors but shall have no voting rights, and is not included in the determination of a quorum.

Sec. 2 REGIONAL GOVERNORS. For purposes of representation, the regional governors shall come from regions stated herein. The Board of Governors shall prescribe guidelines on territorial jurisdiction of each region:

A. Northern Luzon B. Central LuzonC. Metro Manila D. Southern Luzon E. Bicol F. Eastern-Central Visayas G. Western Visayas H. Northern Mindanao I. Southern Mindanao J. Western Mindanao

Sec. 3 COMPOSITION. The Board of Governors shall consist of the National President, a Vice-President for Internal Affairs, a Vice-President for External Affairs, a Vice-President for Technical Affairs, a National Secretary, a National Treasurer, a National Auditor and ten (10) Regional Governors.

Sec. 4 VACANCIES. Vacancies in the Board of Governors caused by removal or due to resignation, sickness and incapacity shall be filled by the Board of Governors from the candidates in the last election who are still ready to serve, starting with the non-winning candidate who garnered the highest number of votes. Should a vacancy or vacancies still exist, after this procedure, the incumbent Board of Governors, by majority vote, shall elect from among qualified members of good standing, the replacements, provided the tenure of office will be for the unexpired term only.

Sec. 5 ABSENCES. Any member of the Board of Governors who has been absent for four (4) cumulative regular meetings

of the Board shall be automatically considered resigned from the Board, but not necessarily from the Institute.

Sec. 6 VENUE. The venue of the Board of Governor's meetings may be changed from time to time at the discretion of the Board.

ARTICLE VIII. POWERS OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORSSec. 1 POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES. The Board of Governors shall have the power to act for and on behalf of the Institute and shall be responsible for doing whatever may be deemed necessary for the furtherance of the purposes and the attainment of the objectives of the Institute.

Sec. 2 _EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The Executive Committee shall be composed of six (6) officers of IIEE. The officers shall be the National President, VP for Internal Affairs, VP for External Affairs, VP for Technical Affairs, National Secretary and National Treasurer. The National President shall chair the Executive Committee. The immediate former president shall sit as an “ex-officio” member of the Executive Committee but shall have no voting rights, and is not included in the determination of a quorum.

The Executive Committee shall a) act on matters of general administration and deliberate on matters that need Board approval during the next Board meeting; b) to decide on routine questions of administration which the Board of Governors may refer to it for action and which do not involve alterations of policy; c) to recommend to the Board of Governors reforms and measures which may involve changes in the policy of IIEE and d) to perform such other functions as maybe vested in it by the Board of Governors.

Sec. 3 CREATION OF COMMITTEES. The Board of Governors shall create the following standing committees whose actions and operation shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Governors:

3.1 Scholarship Committee – responsible for the selection of the scholars and preparation of budget for approval of the Board of Governors.

3.2 Membership and Chapter Development Committee – to take charge of the membership campaign and develop programs for improvement of members’ benefits. Coordinate with chapter presidents and regional governors on membership concerns.

3.3 Legislation and Legal Affairs Committee – to represent IIEE in government bodies for the purpose of enacting or amending legislations / laws as well as reviewing


conflicts with other laws and proposed bills in Congress affecting the electrical engineering practice.

3.4 Professional Training and Development Committee- to oversee the training and continuing education programs for electrical practitioners.

3.5 Selection and Awards Committee – to select and recommend eligible and qualified persons as honorary, senior members, fellows and recipients of other awards at the discretion of the Board of Governors.

3.6 Professional Practice Committee – to take charge of all aspects of professional_ practice in accordance with the Constitution and By-Laws of the Institute, IIEE and the Engineers Code of Ethics and the latest Electrical Engineering Law.

3.7 Technical Information Committee – to take charge of technical information requested by members of the Institute.

3.8 Ways and Means Committee – to take charge of devising ways and means to generate funds for special projects of the Institute.

3.9 Philippine Electrical Code, Part 1 Committee – to take charge of revising and updating the Philippine Electrical Code, Part 1 as well as interpreting its provisions when requested.

3.10 Philippine Electrical Code, Part 2 Committee – to take charge of revising and updating the Philippine Electrical Code, Part 2, as well as interpreting its provisions when requested.

3.11 Publications Committee – to take charge of publishing the Institute's magazine, papers, brochures and other printed materials.

3.12 Student Affairs Committee – to supervise the activities and establish guidelines for the operation of the Council of Student Chapters which is composed of electrical engineering students.

3.13 Standards Committee – to take charge of formulating and revising standards and specifications for local engineering practice as well as those for electrical products for local application which are not covered by the Bureau of Products Standards.

3.14 Academic Affairs Committee – to take charge of the promotion of electrical engineering profession and establish linkages with the academe.

3.15 RME Affairs Committee – to take charge of the programs, activities and concerns of registered master electricians.

3.16 Ad Hoc Committees – The Board of Governors may create AD HOC Committees for special purposes as the needs arise.

Sec. 4 CREATION OF SPECIALTY BOARD COMMITTEE–The Board of Governors shall create a Specialty Committee whose function is to evaluate and recommend to Board of Electrical Engineering (BEE) the awarding of Certificate of Specialty to deserving electrical engineers who have the necessary training expertise and experience to render expert service such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, design, information and management of engineering services in the field of his specialty.

The Board of Governors shall appoint members of the Specialty Committee which shall be composed of Senior Member with varied specialties. During the interim period of five (5) years, members with exemplary qualifications and proven expertise in specific fields of practice in electrical engineering may be appointed.

The Specialty Board Committee shall be composed of one (1) Overall Chairman, one (1) Chairman and (1) Vice-Chairman for each identified Fields of Specialty. A pool of Evaluators for each of identified field of specialty shall be formed to assist the Specialty Committee in screening applications for Specialty Certificates.

Sec. 5 CREATION OF THE COUNCIL OF FORMER IIEE NATIONAL PRESIDENTS. The Former IIEE National Presidents shall organize themselves and form a council called the Council of Former IIEE National Presidents whose task shall be to assist the Board of Governors as their Advisers, as the need arises, and to handle/undertake some projects of the organization, as the Board of Governors may assign.

ARTICLE IX. DUTIES OF THE NATIONAL OFFICERSSec. 1 NATIONAL PRESIDENT. The National President shall be the chief executive officer of the Institute and, as such, shall have the following powers and duties:

a.Preside at all meetings of the Board of Governors and/ or the general membership;b.Have general and active management of the affairs and;c.See to it that all orders and resolutions of the Board Governors are carried into effect;d.Execute all contracts and agreements authorized by the Board of Governors, whether singly or in conjunction with other officers;e.Recommend for approval of the Board of Governors, members of the Standing Committees; f.Submit at the annual meeting of the Institute a written report on the work of the

Institute during the preceding years as well as such reports regarding the operations of the Institute as the Board of Governors or the members may request;g. Appoint for approval of the Board of Governors an Executive Secretary and other personnel that may be required, confer upon them such powers and duties that are not in conflict with the Constitution and By-laws of the Institute and give them such emoluments of compensations as the Board of Governors may determine.h.Perform such other duties and function incident to his office or as may from time to time be delegated to him by the Board of Governors.

Sec. 2 VICE-PRESIDENT FOR INTERNAL AFFAIRS. The Vice-President for Internal Affairs if qualified shall exercise and discharge all the powers and duties of the National President in case of absence or disability of the latter. He shall assist the National President whenever necessary especially on matters pertaining to the internal affairs of the Institute including the overall supervision of chapters.

Sec. 3 VICE-PRESIDENT FOR EXTERNAL AFFAIRS. The Vice-President for External Affairs shall exercise and discharge all the powers and duties of the Vice-President for Internal Affairs in case of absence or disability of the latter. He shall assist the National President whenever necessary especially on matters pertaining to the external affairs of the Institute.

Sec. 4 VICE-PRESIDENT FOR TECHNICAL AFFAIRS. The Vice-President for Technical Affairs shall exercise and discharge all the powers and duties of the Vice-President for External Affairs in case of absence or disability of the latter. He shall assist the National President whenever necessary especially on matters pertaining to the direction and coordination of all the technical activities of the Institute.

Sec. 5 NATIONAL SECRETARY. The National Secretary shall be in charge of all correspondence and records except those pertaining to the office of National Treasurer and shall execute all resolutions of the Board. He shall issue notices for meetings, prepare the order of business thereof, write the minutes of the meetings and perform such other duties that the Board of Governors may require of him.

Sec. 6 NATIONAL TREASURER. The National Treasurer shall be the Custodian of the funds and properties of the Institute. He shall have charge of all the books of accounts of the Institute; shall collect all the dues from all the member_as well as contributions from other sources. He shall deposit them in bank/s that shall be designated by the Board of Governors and


shall make only such disbursements as authorized by the Board of Governors._

Sec. 7 NATIONAL AUDITOR. The National Auditor shall be the guardian of the funds and properties of the Institute. He shall check all collections and disbursements and audit the books of accounts and perform such other duties as the Board of Governors may require of him.

Sec. 8 REGIONAL GOVERNORS. The Regional Governors shall be the executive officers of the Regions. They shall act as the official representatives of the Regions to the Board of Governors They shall render reports to their respective members all activities in the national level.

ARTICLE X. ELECTION OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORSSec. 1 ELECTION. There shall be a yearly election of the Board of Governors by secret ballot of qualified voting members. The elections shall be conducted as follows:

1.1 Not less than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the Annual National Convention, a nominating committee of seven (7) members composed of the three (3) most recent former national presidents, three (3) former regional governors, representing Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the incumbent national president who shall be the chairman, confirmed by the Board, shall convene and prepare all papers and arrangements for the nominations.

1.2 Not less than ninety (90) days prior to the Annual Convention:

1.2.1 Each region _ shall send to the nominating committee at least two (2) names of members in good standing as nominees for regional governor. In case a region fails to nominate two (2) candidates for regional governor, the nominating committee shall complete the nomination.

1.2.2 The nominating committee shall select not less than twelve (12) names of members in good standing as nominees for governors-at-large. The names shall be selected from among all qualified members of the Institute. _

1.2.3 The names of the nominees recommended by the nominating committee shall be submitted for final confirmation of the Board. The incumbent or former national presidents, and the present and former members of the Board of Electrical Engineering (BEE), _shall not be nominated as candidates for governors-at-large.

1.2.4 A Commission on Election (COMELEC) shall be created and shall be composed of five (5) members from among the Former IIEE National Presidents, appointed by the

President and confirmed by the Board. Its tasks are: to decide any and all protests pertinent to the election of the Board of Governors and whose decision shall be final; to prepare the official ballot and the list of all the official nominees certified by the Nominating Committee in accordance with Article X, Section 1.2.1 of the IIEE By-Laws; to nominate a Board of Canvassers whose task shall be to canvass the valid votes; and to declare and announce the winners of the election.

1.3 The complete list of nominees, _together with the corresponding brief bio-data, shall, together with the official ballots, be mailed to all the members at least sixty (60) days before the start of the convention.

1.4 Each_member shall vote for one (1) candidate for regional governor to represent his region and seven (7) candidates for governor-at-large._Each ballot shall be sealed in the accompanying envelope with the voter's name printed and signed outside the envelope. Each member shall cast his ballot not later than 12:00 noon of the last day of the convention.

1.5 At the start of the National Convention, the Board of Canvassers composed of five (5) members, nominated by the COMELEC, appointed by the National President and confirmed by the Board, shall check the ballot envelopes thus far received as to the names, signatures and standing of the members who had submitted/sent them and compare/verify these against the registration cards of said members. In the presence of the COMELEC, the ballot(s) envelopes shall be opened by the Board of Canvassers and the votes counted on the last day of the convention. Before the closing of the National Convention, the Board of Canvassers shall submit the final result of their canvass to the COMELEC, who shall, in turn, declare and announce the winner, based on the submitted canvass.

1.6 In case of a tie the newly elected members of the Board of Governors shall elect by secret ballot, the remaining members to complete the Board from among the candidates who were tied in the ballot.

Sec. 2 ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The seventeen (17) newly elected members of the Board of Governors shall elect from among the seven (7) newly elected governors-at-large, the National President, the three (3) Vice-Presidents, the National Secretary, the National Treasurer, and the National Auditor.

Sec. 3 NOT ELIGIBLE TO VOTE. Members deficient in the payment of dues or other just obligations to the Institute, shall not be eligible for office nor be entitled to vote.

Sec. 4 ASSUMPTION OF DUTIES AND TERM OF OFFICE. The elected members of the Board and Officers of the Institute shall assume their duties on January 1 after they have been officially inducted to office. They shall hold office for a term of one (1) year or until their successors shall have been elected and qualified.

ARTICLE XI. MEETINGS AND CONVENTIONSSec. 1 ANNUAL MEETING AND CONVENTION. There shall be an annual meeting and convention of the Institute which shall be held not earlier than October 1 nor later than December 30 of each year at a place within the Philippines to be decided upon by the Board, provided that, proper notice is sent to all the members. The annual convention shall be the annual general meeting and election of national officers.

Sec. 2. GENERAL MEETINGS. General meetings shall be held twice a year at places to be determined by the Board of Governors for the planning and / or undertaking of activities that will contribute to the attainment of the Institute's objectives and for other purposes.

Sec. 3 SPECIAL GENERAL MEETINGS. Special general meetings of the Institute may be called by the Board of Governors as the need arises, stating the purpose and the urgency for calling such meetings. On special meetings the business for which the special meetings has been called shall be given top priority in the discussions and deliberations.

Sec. 4 MONTHLY MEETINGS. There shall be monthly meetings of the Board of Governors on dates and places to be determined by the Board. Special meetings may be called as the need arises, stating the purpose and the urgency for calling such meetings. On special meetings the business for which the special meeting has been called shall be given top priority in the discussions and deliberations.

Sec.5 COMMUNICATION. The call for general meetings and conventions, regular or special, shall be by mail or by other means of communication such as telegrams, telefax, messenger service, or newspaper notices, e-mail and other mode of communications and shall be made not less than thirty (30) days before the date of the meeting.

Sec. 6 QUORUM. Fifty (50) voting members shall constitute a quorum at conventions and general meetings of the Institute, regular or special, except in those cases where the law requires a deciding vote of a greater number.

Sec. 7 ACTS OF THE INSTITUTE. Acts adopted or formalized during any meeting of the


Institute shall be deemed and construed as those of the Institute as a whole.

Sec. 8 CALL FOR MEETINGS. The call for regular or special meetings of the Board of Governors shall be made not less than one (1) week before the date of the meetings, provided that this period of notice may be waived in case every member of the Board has been fully notified before the meeting and no objection is raised.

ARTICLE XII. CHAPTERSSec. 1 FORMATION. Chapters may be formed in the provinces, chartered cities outside Metro-Manila, and in other countries, provided that each chapter will not overlap in territorial jurisdictions and will not have less than twenty (20) members. Before any Chapter is created in the same area, it should first be endorsed by the existing chapter as separated and independent chapter. The formation of a new chapter shall require the approval of the Board of Governors.

Sec. 2 MANAGEMENT. The affairs of the Chapter shall be managed by the Board of Directors of eleven (11) members. The eleven members shall be elected from among the chapter membership during their annual meeting which shall be held in September every year. The immediate past president shall automatically become an ex-officio member of the Board but without voting privileges.

Sec. 3 CHAPTER OFFICERS. The newly elected members of the Board shall elect from among themselves, the Chapter President, the Vice-President(s),_ the Secretary, the Treasurer and the Auditor._

Sec. 4 BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Board of Directors shall have the power to act for and in behalf of the Chapter in accordance with law, however, the Board will act only as a body.

Sec. 5 CHAPTER PRESIDENT. The Chapter President shall be the executive officer of the Chapter and shall exercise all the powers and discharge all such duties regularly or continuously inherent to his office under the Constitution and By-Laws of the Institute or other duties as may be required by resolution of the Board of Directors. He shall preside over meetings of the Board of Directors of the Chapter.

The Chapter President, with the approval of the Board of Directors, may create committees for certain purposes, appoint an executive secretary, an auditor, a press relations officer and any other personnel that may be necessary in the execution of his program.

Sec. 6 CHAPTER VICE-PRESIDENT(S). The duties and responsibilities of the Vice

President(s) shall follow the national organization structure.

Sec. 7 SECRETARY. The Secretary shall be in charge of all correspondence and records not pertaining to the office of the Treasurer. He shall issue notices of meetings, prepare the order of business thereof, prepare the minutes of the meetings of the Chapter and of the Board of Directors. He shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may require of him.

Sec. 8 TREASURER. The Treasurer shall take charge of all the books of accounts of the Chapter; shall collect all fees and dues from members and deposit them in a bank that may be designated by the Board of Directors. He shall make only such disbursements as may be authorized by the Board. He shall furnish such bond as may be required of him and shall keep all his books of accounts open for inspection by any member. He shall remit the annual dues of the members to the National Treasurer.

Sec. 9 AUDITOR. The Auditor shall audit the books of accounts of the chapter before the end of the fiscal year or as may be directed by the Board of Directors and shall submit the same to the Board.

ARTICLE XIII. MANUAL OF OPERATIONSec. 1 There shall be Manual of Operation of the Institute. The purpose of which is to define the function of the different groups in the organization such as the Board, the EXCOM, the Regional Governors, the Working Committees, etc. and to provide meaningful explanation on the plans and programs of the association including rules and regulations governing admission and expulsion of members, election of officers, Mid-Year and Annual Conventions and financial budgeting for the information of the members most especially the newly elected officers of the organization

ARTICLE XIV. PUBLICATIONSSec. 1 TECHNICAL MAGAZINE. The Board of Governors shall cause to be published an, IIEE Technical Magazine, "The ELECTRICAL MAGAZINE" to be issued at regular intervals.

Sec. 2 EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS. The Board of Governors shall be assisted by a Board of Editorial Consultants, the members of which shall be appointed by the National President with the consent of the Board of Governors. The editorial consultants shall hold office at the pleasure of the board.

Sec. 3 SUBSCRIPTION. The publication of shall be sent to all members in good standing in consideration of a part of their payment of their annual membership dues and may not be deleted. It shall be available to non-members at subscription rate to be

determined by the Board of Governors in accordance with the Constitution and By-Laws.

ARTICLE XV. AMENDMENTSSec. 1 BOARD RESOLUTION. Proposals to amend the Articles of Incorporation or Constitution and By-Laws may be made by a Resolution of the Board of Governors.

Sec. 2 NOTICE. Notice of proposed amendments shall be mailed to each voting member at least thirty (30) days before any regular meeting or special meeting called for the purpose.

Sec. 3 MEMBERSHIP APPROVAL. During a regular or special meeting called for the purpose, a majority of affirmative votes of the_members present shall ratify the proposed amendments.

ARTICLE XVI. PARLIAMENTARY RULESSec. 1 RULES OF ORDER. The parliamentary procedures of the Institute shall be governed by the latest edition of the Robert's Rules of Order, except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation or the Constitution and By-Laws of the Institute.

ARTICLE XVII. DISSOLUTIONSec. 1 VOTE. The Institute may only be dissolved by a three-fourths (3/4) vote of the general membership and by majority of the members of the Board at a special meeting called for the purpose.

ARTICLE XVIII. CORPORATE SEALSec. 1 INSCRIPTION. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Institute and the symbol of a current transformer in the center with the numeral "2" at the upper right corner of the symbol to indicate the double nature of "I" and "E" representing IIEE.

Sec. 2 DEPOSITORY. The corporate seal shall be in the charge of the National Secretary.

FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year shall begin from the 1st day of January to the 31st day of December of each year. (As amended on May 27, 2011 General Membership Meeting)


The 400 Volts SystemEngr. Jesus C. Santos

Vice Chairman, PEC-1 CommitteeChairman, Technical Information Committee

Technical Feature

It's good to know that some electric utility companies, particularly Meralco, Benguet Electric and San Fernando Electric Light and Power, have already included the 400Y/230V ratings in their electric service standards. It is hoped that all other electric utility companies will follow.

The whole idea is to have a single phase 2-wire line-to-ground circuit in order to concur with the Code provisions in Sections 2.0.1.2 and 2.50.2.7.

Even before the electric utility considered the 400Y/230V rating in their electric service standards, the author had already made modification on the wiring design examples, which featured 400Y/230Y 3phase 4-wire wye and 230V single phase 2-wire, one conductor grounded, electric service as illustrated in PEC-1 2000. The PEC-1 editions before year 2000 were copied from NEC which illustrate lighting and small appliance loads rated 120 volts. The author modified the wiring design examples in PEC-1 to suit the 230 volts rating of lights and small appliances in our country with 230V 2-wire, one conductor grounded, circuit as his first step in pushing for 400Y/230V electric service consideration. The author's advocacy is to have a Code that concurs with the practice considering safe use of electricity.

If only the city and municipal electrical engineers would take appropriate

action to push the 400Y/230V 3phase 4-wire or single phase 2-wire line-to-ground system, the time will come when the installations in our country will be compliant with the above mentioned Code provisions.

It should be noted that the developers are finally convinced and so their commercial establishments and high rise condominium buildings are now functioning with 400Y/230V utilization voltage. Although, one may say that it's because of the savings which made them realized that such is the appropriate utilization voltage within their establishments, safety features that is inherent in the wiring installation is there unnoticed.

Now that single phase line-to-ground is becoming common in building wirings, it is about time for the electrical contractors to educate their electricians on proper terminations of the grounded and ungrounded conductors. It should be noted that most appliances are provided with supplementary overcurrent device in series with one of the supply conductor terminals which is supposed to be the ungrounded conductor. Moreover, it should be noted as well that convenience receptacle and corresponding plug blades are polarized and the terminals screw shell of lamp socket are color coded with the intent of identifying the grounded conductor. The electricians should be familiarized with the proper terminations.

There are still new designs that feature 230Y/133V electric service with 230V single phase 2-wire circuit both conductors ungrounded which supply small appliance loads and lights controlled by single pole light switch. Hence, one conductor and the corresponding luminaire terminal is still live even if the switch is off which is a condition that violates the Code. The rule intent is to cut-off all ungrounded conductors from its supply when the circuit is switched-off to prevent electric shock when servicing the appliance or luminaire. Electricians working above ceiling are exposed to electric shock hazard when replacing the ballast of a luminaire even if the single pole switch controlling that portion of that lighting circuit is off. Since it is a new project, the design featuring a single phase circuit with both conductors ungrounded should have not been approved and the wiring permit should have not been granted by the authority having jurisdiction.

Talking of economic impact on the installation, it has been validated in all newly completed projects that 10% up to 15% savings can be realized in installations with 400Y/230V compared to those with 230Y/133V or 460Y/266V utilization voltages. For example, the full load current of a 1000kVA source 400Y/230V will be 58 percent of the equivalent 230Y/133V electric service. So the size and cost of main circuit breaker and busway of a high rise condominium building,


Technical Feature

for example, will be significantly reduced. Savings on branch feeder conductors and circuit breakers follow plus savings on panelboards inasmuch as the single phase line-to-neutral circuit will have single pole only instead of a two-pole circuit breaker in a line-to-line circuit.

The same holds true in commercial establishments. Greater flexibility in normal and emergency intertying configuration can be attained by having direct 400Y/230V (scheme-1) compared to tandem 460Y/266V and 400Y/230V (scheme-2) or tandem 460Y/266V and 230Y/133V (scheme-3) utilization voltages. Thus, a single unit standby generator, or generators in parallel, will be able to serve the loads directly in scheme-1. At least two units standby generators are needed for scheme-2 and scheme-3 to be able

to serve the loads directly. If single unit 460V standby generator, or 460V generators in parallel, will be employed in scheme-2 and scheme-3, 460V-230V stepdown transformer(s) will be required which means double voltage transformations which will in turn draw additional cost for electricity consumption due to core losses. Worst in this configuration is that 460V generator(s) cannot serve the 230V loads directly in case of transformer breakdown.

The Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers (IIEE) is conducting technical seminars, and "The 400 volts System" is one them. It is scheduled to be conducted this coming September in a more detailed graphical presentation which will include wiring design approach examples.

DISCLAIMER

Engr. Jesus C. Santos is the Vice Chairman of the Philippine Electrical Code 1 and Chairman of the Technical Information Committee of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional advice where the facts and circumstances warrant.



INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILS, INC.CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION FOR ELECTICAL ENGINEERING

41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City 1111

MEMORANDUM

DATE : 1 July 2011

TO : ALL IIEE REGIONAL GOVERNORS AND CHAPTER PRESIDENTS

THROUGH: ENGR. ARMANDO R. DIAZNational President

FROM : IIEE CPE COUNCIL

SUBJECT : EVALUATION OF CPE PROGRAM ACCREDITATION

====================================================================

In connection with CPE Program Accreditation please be reminded that:

1. The IIEE CPE Council, through the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) betweenthe Professional Regulatory Board of Electrical Engineering ContinuingProfessional Education Council and the IIEE, was designated to effectively carryout the implementation of Continuing Professional Education. With this, all programapplications shall be pre-evaluated by the IIEE CPE Council before beingforwarded to the PRC CPE Council for final evaluation and approval.

2. All programs/activities to be conducted should be submitted for accreditation atleast thirty (30) days prior to the date of conduct with complete documents to gainCPE units. All applications beyond the thirty (30) days period will no longer beaccepted. Approved programs shall have one (1) year validity.

3. Program applications should be addressed to:

ENGR. HIPOLITO A. LEONCIO, PEEChairman, IIEE CPE CouncilInstitute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Phils., Inc.#41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao,Quezon City

4. Completion Report or Post Accreditation Report should be submitted fifteen days(15) days after the conduct of the program with the following documents:

1. Completion Report Form (CPE Form No. 07-2008) duly signed by the dulyauthorized assigned signatory of the provider.



2. CPE Attendance Sheet (CPE Form No. 08-2008) List of Participants whichincludes the name of the participants, PRC License No., Expiration Date andSignature.

3. List of lecturers, resource speakers with their PRC license no. if the speaker is aregistered professional.

4. Result of Evaluation of the Program (Summary)

5. Actual Program of Activities

*Please be reminded that the IIEE CPE Council is charging the following duesfor Completion Report Processing:

� Php 50.00 per participant, speaker, moderator and facilitator of theIIEE Technical Seminars and Regional Conferences.

� Php 10.00 per participant, speaker, moderator and facilitator of theIIEE Chapter Programs.

Attached herewith are the Checklist of Requirements and the CPE Forms for you toaccomplish.

For more information you may contact Ms. Mary Ann B. Guillen, IIEE staffs in chargefor CPE at telephone number 7273552 loc. 107 or at [email protected].

For your information and guidance.

Thank you.

ENGR. HIPOLITO A. LEONCIOChairman



MEMORANDUM

DATE : 1 July 2011

TO : ALL IIEE REGIONAL GOVERNORS AND CHAPTER PRESIDENTS

THROUGH: ENGR. ARMANDO R. DIAZNational President

FROM : IIEE CPE COUNCIL

SUBJECT : EVALUATION OF CPE PROGRAM ACCREDITATION

====================================================================

In connection with CPE Program Accreditation please be reminded that:

1. The IIEE CPE Council, through the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) betweenthe Professional Regulatory Board of Electrical Engineering ContinuingProfessional Education Council and the IIEE, was designated to effectively carryout the implementation of Continuing Professional Education. With this, all programapplications shall be pre-evaluated by the IIEE CPE Council before beingforwarded to the PRC CPE Council for final evaluation and approval.

2. All programs/activities to be conducted should be submitted for accreditation atleast thirty (30) days prior to the date of conduct with complete documents to gainCPE units. All applications beyond the thirty (30) days period will no longer beaccepted. Approved programs shall have one (1) year validity.

3. Program applications should be addressed to:

ENGR. HIPOLITO A. LEONCIO, PEEChairman, IIEE CPE CouncilInstitute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Phils., Inc.#41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao,Quezon City

4. Completion Report or Post Accreditation Report should be submitted fifteen days(15) days after the conduct of the program with the following documents:

1. Completion Report Form (CPE Form No. 07-2008) duly signed by the dulyauthorized assigned signatory of the provider.

Electrical FireBy Jules S. Alcantara, Professional Electrical Engineer

Electrical fires claim the lives of many and destroy hundreds of millions of pesos worth of properties annually.

Electrical fires usually start with an insulation failure causing a short circuit and ends with fire. The root cause is usually a defect or deficiency introduced at some stage either in manufacture, installation and/or maintenance of electrical equipment, wires or devices. Another common root cause of fire, which is outside the responsibility of electrical engineers, is the misuse of and carelessness in the use of electrical equipment and appliances.

Cases of misuse of appliances causing accidental electrical fires include:• An electrical iron left ON and

pressed on the ironing board;• An electric kettle used for making

coffee in an office with paper files, is filled with water, switched ON and then forgotten;

• An electric hairdryer kept ON and placed on the bed;

• An electric fan ceased to turn due to blockage or jamming of its blade by a material such as window curtains or has defective cords due to rubbing off of its insulation. The most significant factor in fire incidents due to electric fans is the location of the fan. Placing the fan near window curtains or on top of combustible materials such as paper or clothing are major causes of fire incidents involving fans. A fan placed in a location such that its cord may be damaged by passing persons or by objects on top of the cord may result in insulation failure;

• Repeated blowing of fuse due to overloading which was “solved” by the user using a higher-rated fuse or even replacing the fuse with copper strands.

Such practice eliminates the protection of the electrical system. To prevent fires, all wires and cables must be protected by a protection system of fuses or circuit breakers of appropriate rating determined by a licensed electrical practitioner. Improper replacement of fuses or circuit breakers is inviting a fire accident to happen;

• Misuse of ordinary extension cords by overloading it with multiple devices and appliances and using it for extended periods of time. Extension cords are designed for temporary use only and its continued use and overloading is a fire hazard. Loose connections create heat and arcing which ignites nearby combustible materials. Heavy reliance on extension cords means there are too few outlets and circuits for the user’s electrical energy needs and thus the electrical system needs to be upgraded by a licensed electrical practitioner.

Fires that are the foremost concern of electrical engineers are those involving design, manufacture, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment.

There are four groups of causes of electrical fires:

1.Overloads2.Insulation Failures3.Contact Failures4.Conductor Fractures

OVERLOADSOverloading of electrical equipment and devices are usually due to

defects in installation, unauthorized expansion of electrical installation and electrical loads or inappropriate rating of wires, cables, motors and transformers. Overloading results in excessive currents that develop heat which is proportional to the square of the current (I2R). With a protection system of the right fuses or circuit breakers, overloaded circuits are easily isolated for safety. If not, the heat generated damages the insulation materials and their insulating properties. This failure of insulation leads to short circuits and the development of sparks or arcs. The operation of the protection system should quickly isolate, in a fraction of a second, the short circuit before surrounding combustible materials are ignited.

INSULATION FAILUREFailure of insulation may result from deterioration due to normal aging process, thermal degradation, moisture, voltage stress, abrasion due to improper mechanical protection, mechanical vibration, environmental effects, rodent attack, some defect in manufacture, installation, utilization and maintenance of the components of the electrical installation. It results in short circuits and continuous arcing, followed by ignition of the insulating materials and the surrounding combustible materials. Many incidents of insulation failures have occurred in large installations but it does not necessarily result in fire. The fire is prevented if the arc is extinguished within a fraction of a second by the desired operation of the protection system. Short circuit incidents are to be expected but fires are not.

Technical Feature


During maintenance or for new installations, insulation is measured and evaluated by an insulation tester for its ohmic value and its capacitive condition through Polarization Index. Other more sophisticated tests used by electric utilities and industrial installations are Dissipation Factor and Power Factor testing.

It must be noted that many fires are described in the press as caused by “faulty electrical wiring” or “electrical short circuit”. In actuality, they may refer to overloading or to failure of insulation, coupled with a protection system that does not work.

CONTACT FAILUREIf the connection between various components of the installation is not mechanically tight according to what is specified by the manufacturer, the contact resistance would be high. High resistance would mean heat is generated. The contact and the surrounding insulating material then starts to deteriorate and progress into failure. Deterioration and failure may take months or years to develop before it causes the problem of localized heating called hot spots. In time, as a result of progressive formation of metal oxide layers at the junction, the hot spot temperature would continue to increase and could even glow and ignite nearby combustible materials. Hot spots in the early stages are very difficult to notice and cannot be detected by the protection system. It can however be identified by heat scanners or infrared cameras. In the absence of a heat scanner, the maintenance crew should periodically tighten the contacts and look for tell-tale signs of overheating such as charring and discoloration during maintenance work. In the case of transformers, contact problems in connectors and terminals inside the tank would remain undetected by heat scanners. Dissolved Gas Analysis of oil samples may be able to detect high levels of

specific dissolved gases in oil formed during heating thus giving indications to maintenance personnel of heating problems inside the tank and the need to frequently monitor the transformer.

CONDUCTOR FRACTUREFracture of current conducting components are due to stresses from excessive vibration, flexing of wires and connectors, thermal stresses due to alternate heating and cooling, sharp bends, stress due to defective crimps and sub-standard or unsuitable materials used. The failure starts with metal fatigue, crack formation, crack propagation and finally fracture. It then results in local arcing at the point of fracture which may last for some time. Combustible materials nearby can then be ignited. The protection system of fuses and circuit breakers will not be able to provide protection for this type of problem.

PROTECTION SYSTEMSafety is the primary concern of the protection system. It consists of devices such as fuses, circuit breakers and, in systems of higher voltages, protective relays and its associated instrument transformers. Fuses and circuit breakers should desirably isolate a circuit if there is an abnormally high current such as an over-current during short circuits or the differential protection relay of a transformer should detect short

circuits and initiate tripping of circuit breakers when there is a difference in the IN/OUT currents due to a fault in the protected zone.

Protection relays used in industrial plants include over-current relays, ground over-current relays, differential protection, restricted earth fault and over-voltage relays.

The protection system for commercial and industrial installations should be tested and calibrated regularly so that it will work correctly when its function is called for. ELECTRICAL CODEElectrical codes in various countries and states such as the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) provide a basis for wiring rules. Article 1 of the PEC states that the purpose of the code is the practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity. It contains provisions that are considered minimum requirements necessary for safety. Compliance and proper maintenance will result in an installation that is especially free from hazard.

Sources:1.Electrical Fires and Failures by A. Hattangadi, McGraw-Hill, 2000.2.Final Report on Portable Electric Fans – Fires, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, 20023.Philippine Electrical Code

Engr. Jules S. Alcantara is currently the Vice-President of IIEE for Internal Affairs and is a consultant at the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines. He has a long work experience in the Operation, Maintenance and Construction aspects of high voltage power systems particularly at the National Power Corporation and at the National Transmission Corporation. He has a master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of the Philippines and in Energy Management from the University of Pennsylvania.




Technical Feature

Power Quality Case Study:

The Malfunctioning Medical Machine

Measuring Tools: Fluke 43B Power Quality AnalyzerFluke 87 True-RMS DMM, Fluke 27 DMMOperator: Access Frontier PTE LTD.Features Used: True-RMS Voltage, Avg. Voltage, Voltage Waveform

Problem Description

This case history is a classic example of the importance of a systematic approach to solving a problem. It involves a contractor who works with several high technology manufacturing plants.

The case began with an onsite visit to a building manager who was frustrated with his electrical system. According to the manager, nothing electrical in his building seemed to work properly and no one had been able to determine why or offer a solution. The manager went on to say that three of his electricians had quit and that he was now in real trouble.

The contractor asked many questions—trying to get a more detailed picture of the problem. This effort proved fruitless, so the contractor asked to be taken to that part of the building where the problems were the worst. He was following the axiom, “When in doubt, start at the victim load.”

In a far corner, a large medical machine was going through a critical test procedure. The machine was equipped with a large display screen, a keyboard, and a control panel with several cables and hoses leading

to other pieces of equipment. The operator display screen showed the test procedure was in progress.

Next to the machine was a workbench set up for circuit board repair. The workbench had a soldering iron, a lighted magnifying lens, and a fan. The workbench power strip plugged into the same receptacle as the large medical machine. As the contractor watched, the person at the workbench reached over and turned on the fan. At that moment, the operator display screen momentarily went blank and then came back on with the words “Program Reset” displayed in large letters.

Fig. 1 Waveform of voltage supplying the medical machine (simulated)

Measurements

The contractor measured the voltage at the receptacle feeding both loads. His Fluke 87 True-RMS DMM measured 115V. The building manager repeated the measurement with his Fluke 27 average-responding

Fig. 2 Partial one-line diagram of the high-tech manufacturing plant

DMM, which displayed 118V. Why did the True-RMS unit read lower?True-RMS instruments will give correct but lower readings than average responding instruments on square waves or waveforms that look like square waves. The contractor connected his Fluke 435 and


Technical Feature

Theory and Analysis

Since the medical machine’s internal circuits operated on low voltage dc, the internal power supply would have a diode/capacitor input circuit that required a certain minimum peak voltage for proper operation. The nameplate on the medical machine showed the machine needed a supply voltage between 100 and 135V RMS ac. The engineers who designed the machine and specified the nameplate assumed the supply voltage would be a sine wave, so the minimum peak would be 141V peak (100 X 1.41). Since the measured value of the peak input voltage was only 135V, the machine was running on a peak voltage that was already 6V below the absolute minimum required. When the fan was turned on, the surge current drawn by the fan motor further reduced the voltage to a point where the power supply of the

displayed the voltage waveform. The display showed that the waveform (simulated in Fig.1) was severely clipped at the top—making it more like a square wave than a sine wave. The peak value measured only 135V, rather than the expected 162V.

The contractor then drew a one-line diagram of the system. The one-line showed that the transformer supplying the test area was at the opposite end of the building—almost 500 feet away (see Fig. 2). The majority of the loads on that transformer were non-linear, and they were drawing high peak currents at the peak of the voltage. The combination of high peak currents and high impedance of the long run combined to produce severe voltage clipping at the end of the circuit—right where the test area was.

machine went out of regulation. This is what caused the machine to reset.

Solution

The problem of voltage peak clipping (flat-topping) is common in high-tech buildings. Many of the buildings now in use were not designed to handle the vast array of computers and non-linear loads so typical today. In this case, extensive rewiring would be necessary to reduce the voltage drop between the transformer and the load. An alternative would be to move the most sensitive loads closer to the transformer.

The EU-Asia Power Quality Initiative (APQI) aims at improving power quality in Asian manufacturing industries by creating awareness on the origins of the problems and building capacity on the technical, financial and managerial aspects of power quality.



DISCLAIMER


Technical Feature

Power Quality Case Study:TWO CASES OF GROUNDING PROBLEMS

Dean A. S. SempioCorporate Business Group – Technical Services

MERALCO, PhilippinesEmail: [email protected]

Correction of Grounding Systems Eliminated Nuisance Tripping, Equipment Failures and Shock hazards

Introduction

The proliferation of computers and electronics are changing the way people look at power supplies and grounding. Factories now use computer controlled equipment to be more productive and efficient; and still have excellent quality control over their products. Many factories that use computers are now aware of problems that come with the use of computers – their production became more sensitive to the characteristics of power and to grounding.

In the past, grounding is only associated with safety. The use of computers and other sensitive equipment is changing the way people look at proper grounding methods and practices.

Case 1: Computer Controlled Production Equipment

A factory has upgraded their equipment by installing computer based controls. The computers are ordinary desktop computers that have an interface with the production

equipment. The factory has even installed UPS (uninterruptible power supply) units for reliability and to protect the computers mounted on the equipment.

In spite of that, the factory still experiences frequent breakdown of their computer’s hard disk drives – the hard drives that are supposed to last for at least 2 years are being replaced in just a matter of months. The effects of the breakdowns of the hard drives are not that superficial – there is also the loss of production time when the lost programs had to be re-installed in the hard drives.

Power Quality Study

The Power Quality engineers interviewed the actual users of the equipment and conducted site inspection. They noted the absence of a facility equipment grounding system. Although the factory transformer was grounded

(system grounding), there were no equipment grounding conductors for the production equipment. The production equipment was “grounded” by connecting wires to the nearest metal conductor in the area. A simple representation of the factory “grounding” is shown:

Ground Potential Rise (GPR) during transient conditions and the unstable ground potential of the equipment reference ground were the suspected causes of the frequent breakdown of the hard drives. This is due to the equipment “grounding” that is not referenced to the main power supply – A low impedance reference to ground or functional ground of the equipment.

Solution

The factory decided to install an equipment grounding system that is referenced / connected to the main transformer grounding. The purpose is to have all the “grounds” attain the same potential; when “grounds” of circuits supplied by a particular source have practically zero potential difference with respect to each other then the circuit, control and logic voltages will be stable; ground loops will be eliminated. All of the factory’s production equipment is now connected to equipment grounding that is part of the system grounding. Under the new grounding


setup, the number of incidences of hard disk breakdowns has dropped dramatically. In fact, no hard disks were replaced in the succeeding three years after the new grounding system was installed.

Case 2: Neutral to Ground Voltage

A factory is experiencing abnormal line to ground voltages. These abnormal voltages are being blamed for “nuisance tripping” of some production equipment. In some instances, the machine operators get shocked when they come in contact with some parts of their machines or on some metal outcroppings near their equipment. The incidents happen only in certain places within the factory.

Power Quality Study

The Power Quality engineers interviewed the production workers that come into contact with the equipment that suffer from “nuisance tripping”; they also conducted site inspection. The factory transformer was also checked and it was found out that there was no equipment grounding conductor coming from the transformer. The production equipment “grounding” consists of a wire connected to a panel box embedded in cement.

A power quality monitoring equipment was installed at the panel serving one of the production equipment suffering from “nuisance tripping”. The following data was recorded:

The line to ground voltage increased dramatically in one of the circuit conductors that what was later found out to be a fault inside a production equipment. This is also the reason why the equipment body becomes energized. Despite the rise in voltage, no protective devices were activated.

Solution

The absence of proper grounding from the transformer to the equipment explains how the ground voltage “floats” to abnormal levels without tripping the protective devices. Faults in the electrical system can continuously energize equipment if there is no effective grounding that is referenced to the transformer secondary.

The factory installed an equipment grounding system referenced / connected to the grounded neutral of the transformer secondary. The “nuisance tripping” of production

equipment as well as the incidence of workers getting electric shocks have virtually disappeared.

CONCLUSIONPeople are now becoming aware of proper grounding practices with the application of electronics and computers in production equipment. As shown in the case studies, plants need to improve the grounding of their electrical system as they upgrade and automate their production equipment. Proper grounding is no longer just about safety, it is also essential to the proper and continuous operation of sensitive electronic based equipment.

Technical Feature

Engr. Dean. A. S. Sempio is a member of Corporate Business Group – Technical Services of the MERALCO, Philippines




Disclaimer

This corner tests how well you know the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC). The pictures shown are installations with deviation from the provisions of the Code. Can you spot the deviations/violations? Send your answer to [email protected] or [email protected] and win exciting prizes.

PECTORIALPECTORIAL #1

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DOWN

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C R O S S WORD By: Alex C. Cabugao

You can scan and email your solution with your name, mailing address and chapter to IIEE [email protected] or [email protected]. Senders with correct solutions will receive exciting prizes!

Documents

IIEE Magazine 2011 2nd Quarter