HU 1\IIAN NATURE.

MAROH, 1875.

RESEARCHES IN Sl'tliI-TUALI SM. Bv. M. A. (Ox:oi<).

SPllUT PHOTOGRAl'llY-0HAPTJm IV.-(Conlinued.) M . . Jitl<.Hrxr.

1£!0!: remal'knblo restilts obtainecl hy the Co1rtte de Bullet l~.d me to IS}lecnlat.c whether it might not be possible to obt-ain similat· •uccess with another sitter. The action of the incal:'nated sphit beyond the limits of the b-Ody which · it occupies is' n J:.unilia:r tbct to me. I ho.ve known many such cases, and hn.ve from early years been used "to leave the hody"- i .e., to find my sphit noting iudependent·ly of the pltysical body th1'0ugh wbiolv< it usually manifests. J..ong before I beco.me practically acquainted with t.he pl1enomena of Modem Sphit•10.lism, :C knew of recorded cases of the exerciS<'l or this powet', ancl was dimly conscious of its existence . in myself. It seemed then that a plan might be arranged to obtain on tl1e sensitised plate a permanent record of the presence of an em bodiecl spirit, apart from its p hysical body, in the case or one who is familiar with the tmns-corpol'e•tl aetion of spirit. Such an arl'nngement was actually made by my .friend Mi:. Gledsta.nes of Paris. He 3.gl'eed to present himself at i\f .. Buguct's studio at 11 :un. on Sunclay, January 31st last, and to pose as soon after his nrri".al as possible. As a matter of fact, -he did pose u.t 11.l5 a.ni. Pa,.is time, or 11.5 J,ondon time.

On the :first half of the plate :first exposed appeared a faint and indistinct image of my face. The features werE\ barely dis­cernible, but M:r. Gledstanes hM n.o doubt that they are mine. A second exposm·e at l.1.25 (Paris) 01•-there· being a difference of 10 mimLtes -in time bet ween the two ph ces-11.15 (London) produced a perfect result. The first l1alf of the plate contains o. decided likeness of me; the second half one or an old .man with

Vol, IX. ' T

98 111nUN :'IATUR&.

a vory ettildng head and commanding figure. Tho port.alt of me is quite unmistakable: nono 1vho has •"!!ll me in tho llesl1 could fail to recognise it. The eyes are closed, nnd the fnce bears the indefinable look or tmnco which is known to nll who have been much with trance tncdituns. The bo<ly is shl'O\\dod in tho enmo sort of fluidio dra11ery which I have beforo rlescrlbed; bt1t, whereas most of the ap1rit·fom1s come, as I hn.vo snid, bchinrl tho sitter, and soom, Ila it were, to draw their Rust.nini11g in(htence from him in somo dogrco nt lr,11st, here fa not so. Tile figm-o fa at some distauoo rrom Mr. Giedstaues; and looks ns though it was supported by unseen power, independent ollke of itaetr and him. Tile fol'IJl givos tho idea of being smaller than I nm notumlly, nnd lho feat.urea nr<1 lbose of an entmnced pereou: iu nU other respects it is R perfoct likeness or mysclr. The e<pression und difference lit &ize and general 1>ppearauco """ valuable ns nddition11l testii, if 11ny are ueecled, or the r;emtiM· ltcss of this eKtroordiunry picture. 'l'he only person prllllont in M. Buguet's studio, beside himself. were Mr. G\.,datnncs the sitt.ct', nnd the Comte clc Du lice.. Tbe Connt, I mny hore any in passing, after my expel'iment WM concluded, was successful in usni11 obtaining a pieture of his slater who lives in BAl.timoro.

I t11rn now to my own pnrt in tlie experiment. At the t.ilno 1vben tbe photographs were taken T WAS lying in bed in London in 11 stale of deep trance. I had a balJ-consciousncss of awakiug Rt 10.25 A.M. I looked at my wn~h. 1mcl 11lmost immediately (ell into n stnte of dreamy liatl089neas be~eeo sleep and waking. The •onncl of the churoh bcllls fell upon my ear, and J had n sort of llo.sh or recollection of tho el<poriment proposed for oleYen o'clock. Complete unconsoiou~ness supervened before thne h Oll l', probably very near to it, for J remember the. sound of tho bell~ M I lost consciousness. The clock, therefore, had not ·Strnok. '.l'ho J)t1Jil?f News lately del'otc(l some colilmns of sracc, wbioh might have been better oaed, t.o descl'ihing how certain [IOOf)]a are used to dream that they a1'0 being levitated. I could, liad it boon worth while, ha.ve supplied the Edit.or wiU1 an acoouu~ or another se.usation which preoodes deep sloop with m.e. It is a vory old experience or mine to see mullituM~ or birds a.'\iling po.st my eyes, on and on in voet ffool.-s, passing away into spnce, JU8~ as deep sleep is coming upou me. I bnvc tibo hnd the same sensation at R sennco bcrorc being entranced. This foolfog was J;>reseut on this occnsion, !llld is the last or whicli r was conscious. When l regai necl ccosciousuess my wal-011 by ruy \lod!idc mn,.kocl 11.47 A.M. T. h1ul therefo1'8.Jost about 47 or 50 miuuteB. About this interval J. htwe no recolleciion whntovcr. It is au ubsoh1to bliu1k, 1\11 is all the time during which I am completely entranced. Long nddr03"os ru·e giveu tbro11gh me,

.JI\™AN NATURJI. 99

11lt~tr11sc q uestions answered, various phenomena present thcm­"''I vos, ancl I am 1LS. ignorant as tho1.1gh I wcl'e not present. I lmve l.lO l'ecollection whatever of anything that occurs or is said, 1111cl au1 compelled to depend ent.frely on the recol'ds taken by "oine of those p1-esent. ·

So it w~ on tbiA occasio)l. I n.m infol'med that -it was neces­Mllty oo keep the spirit in a state of perfect passi\dty .to· awid il•k; nnd nooordingly my memory is t• J?0l'fecb )>lank as to.that th1•ee-quaroors of an n(mr. Indeecl, clming the whole 1lay I "'..II~ 11101..i 01· less under trance influence. I went about 3.30 P.M. to dine with rny f'rieucls Dr. and Mrs. Speer; a.nd U1ey not:iced at ouce the peculiar expressiQ11 of feature which they know .to indicate pa1:tinl trance. influence ov.cr me. I did not fully reco1•er from it until I had anothel' night's re,st. On Mo.ndny inomhig, n\iout six o'clock, I woke up from a uatural sleep fresh .a,nd ltwigorated. No sooner had I begun t.o di:ess than I heard the Voice speaking to me. (ft is nec~.l!sary to explain ~hat I hav.,e for some time past received cornmu.n.icat.ions l;y means of a11

1

l)Xternal voice, which is not objective, inasmuch as it fa iwt nudible to others, but wl~iph $eems to ,be borne to my ear from a distance, a.S thougl' on a soft breeze.. I not unfrequently feel n gentle movement of the .air as I hear the low but perfectly dist.iuct t;oues of the voice. lt is n,l,ways clear, and sounds as though from n dist:wce, bome on a aoft b1:ecr,o, a•\d p crcept.ible j)y spfritu•U faculties. 'l~ ltis is as neat a description as I ·can give; iind mru1y who ho.v~ had similar sensations will recognise my descriptio)l.) On this p(!.1°ticula~ morufog the voice was Jonder th:l..tl usual, and other voicr,$ were there too. I (lo not rep1ember noticing excitement in the oonc before, but nowt.ho ring of the voice was louder, l1n3 showed perceptible excitem·enb. Bit by bit the infortnation was conveyed to me that my spirit friends had planned and executed the matter successfnlly. J)~tails wt\re given, ·a.nd I requested tl!i•t they might be given in writing, so t.hat my memory miglit ilot play auy tricks. :eJ:orn my book in which the messiiges wcre·automatic.ally written through my hand, I l)xtra.ct the informat.ion with ex.net a.cc11racy.

The date was Monday, F eb. 1; the place, my own rooms; th~ time, 7.10 'A .'.IL The commuuicnt~on, written tbroqgh my hau<l by a spiJ'it who usually communicates in tl)at wny, was to this clfect, a.nd it is corrollorated .entitely l)y a lette1• from llfr. Glecl­"~"ncs, dated ftom Paris, which 1 reoeivecl at 4.:30 P.M. oo. this same day, or more thari nine hours aft.er the information was conveyed ~o .rue.

Two exposures !)ad been made, I was informod, but only the second wa$ import1u1t. ,On the first half o( the plate was a good picture of me as I appearecl personally-not of a repi:eScr1tatioJl

100 J.Itj}{AJ:< NATUllP..

of me made by the spirits-and on the other half the pictnre or the spirit who had arranged and carried out the opemt.ion. :££is name has long been familiar to lile ris l·hnt of one who hns given me many messages for more tbnl). two years past. He has long pa.~sed from this sphere to a higher life, am! during his existence on earth was o. sage who knew much of spiritual things which we are now only beginning to learn. The communfoation furLltel' goes on to insist on the actua.1 presence of my spirit. It was o.ctno.lly taken not only to the studio of M. Buguet, but after• wards, by way of corrobomtive testimony to it.s partial severance froiJ1 the body, to the house where onr circle usually meets. :N' o one was there who could be sphitually impressed . with my p1·esence. .Accordingly anotllet attempt was .made to impress a .fooling of my !leal·~ess. on a :frjeud who freq nenUy at\eut!s o\tr stances. Ifo was m his rooms nMr Reget•t Stree~ nt 11.23 A.:lr., when be becrune powerfiil,ly impres,sed with tile convictiOn that I was near, o~ was about to enter the room. He looked rouud n:i.ote thaµ ouue, expecting to see me, and the impression was $0 strong tbnt he noted the exact time, nud conveyed bis impressio11 to me the same evening, remarking t.hat it struck hi14 as uurions, cousidel'ing that his mind v1as occupied with other su bjccts. Several other part.iculars respcctiug the charge of the body, tire magnetic union between it and the spirit, a.ud tile danger an<l diftlculty of the operation, were written, but they nre not to the point now. They and others like .them will fiud a place .in the after d iscussion of the action of opirit.. 1 enquired why they 1fal n.ot tell nie before of Lhe success, and it was replied that a special seance MM1 to be held on the Sunday evening, at which· a spirit who hncl not previously controlled, was to speak, and that it w:is necessaq to keep me in a state of passivity until .that was (l.Cc<>mplisbed. A.q it was, my spidt post anticipated he" Ma­jesty's mail by uiile hours.

I have reoorocd with literal exactness the facts connectecl with this remarkable phei1orne1;on'. All comc.s to t.bis. Here L, •\ photograph of the spirit of a living person taken in Paris while the body in which it is iucal'nated is in Lom\\m. I ma)' be ·excused if I e~timate highly the value of this experiment. Those thiitga which intimately concern omselves, facts which we hav~ pcrsol(lnlly observed, an<l occur1·ences in which we l1ave been actors, impress themselves most vividly upon us. But, t hough l mai' lay personal stress on a mattei-, the evidence with rcgnrll to which, so far as it is concerned with this wo1·ld, is J>erfeot., au.d whicb,!IO far ns it conccrM the iuvisible operntors, is assured to nfo by the st<>tcments of those whom I have never J'onncl tripping in a statement yet, I cannot doubt for a mo men~ that those wli11 accept the record as true, will hold the fact to be of groat

JtUllAN NA'l:IJRK. 101

hnport:incc. That u is a fad 1 am 08 certain as I nm or auy­thioq. That it opens ont a wicle field for speculation as Lo tho notion or ftJliriL is no less clear. I t\m relieved in this Cnl!O from ~11o•sing whether thought is snbstauoe, n.ncl so may leave it' Jmpro;~ ou ihu seusitivo plate: or whether certain unsompulons I nvisi iJlcs l''"ycd n trick by 1110 1111 rnctm'iug u. "counterfeit pa'e· 11011fuueue" of' me to amuse aud Mtonish Mr. Gledstanes. '.rho 11piri ~ w:•s t11cro, and wit.h n. tcmponuy nggregitlion of some sub­Hinnce ronud it; wns depicted 011 the sensitise<\ plate. So thon, ~ho $toritll! of appearauces at or ocl'o1·0 t ho 01oment of departnr& or a spirit to those with whom it is intimately associated, nre no~ so wilcl as men ha1•e tholll!ht. 'l'hoy may be rerem:d to l!OmO moro substantial b""is than the fovered fancy of a sorrow­h1g fdend. Such cases aro recorded by tho seore ; and this o~porimr,nt may throw :. floorl of light upon their history. So iv.•nill, tho wnndorings of spirit beyond t.he body are not t11oro rl~'"'ms. When the spirit ia that oC 1i sensi·tive, memory ha& lh:<tucnl.ly 1·ecorded the doiug11 of the p1w1Jy-se.vered spirit. But hct"<l is hope of something more ta.~gihle tha.u recollection. I 1cmeluber well a certain case ht )vliich the absence 6f spirit r1·om borJ,r Wl\R demonstrated by tl10 1'0C01Jectfon of previou@ly tmkoowtJ fa.et.s. lt wns in this wise. An old fr\encl iu o. dis· tant pnrt or Euglaud bd passed 11wiiy, nnd I had been asked to ••o to tho funerol. T could not coovooien!Jy do so, but remained ~t home 011 the day. I occupied 11\)'<elr with wriliiug, nud woa busily ongngoo upon it wl1cn, M I. suppose, I wns entranced. At nny mto, I lost more thall two bou1-s and a,.lm1f. As I graclu­nlly g~tlicretl ruy "'its about me, T looked at my watch and fouud that it was ncnrly $ p.in. My la.~t recollections o.re shortly ft t'L<>•· 12 noon. Gradually memory nwoke, and I nlcn.llod the scono ~t the funenil. Tt wn$ very viviclly present before rnu: tW(l it it had been night I should h(Lvc thought I hud dNumocl or the sceue which wus in my miucL Bllt I clo not 1t•uully go tr) sleep a.t noon, nor witb a. pen iu my hand, t\lld I gmduully nrrived at the couvic~iou ll"•t T hlld either been pro-84!UL in spirit ru; the '5ecno, or had seen it lry some pr:ocoss of e>loirvoyauce •viih which I wns uot acquainied. l theroforo wrote clown my rooollootions t\ClCUrt\tely. Thoy were very prooillO. I 1•ewembe1'0d tho position of the 1!'1've under a.n O\'orbangiug t.ruc; tl16 fnce or the offi.cialJ.ng n1l111sfA1r, whom I did uoe know, 011(\ wl10 wr.s not the mau who, ri' I t11onght, wa.s to officiato; tho 1uourne1"11, n,mong whoiu wcro BOll'lO that l diet not expect, anclfrom wlt0111 t lllissed some foces that t hn(l expected to see; the time at whioh the oeremouy was pcrformod, wbich was lu.ler tht\11 it ougM Lo ho.vo been :- all these point.a n11d oLhe:rs too were vividly present lo me. I w1'0!.e ~ letter nt ·once to a friend who wns nt

102 UU!LIN NATUR};.

the funeral, nnd received by 1•eturn nn answer stating thnt my description wa.~ in every clctnil correct, and wondel·ing with ex­ceeding wonder how I had got my hlf'orrMtion. '.l'be gmve wns tmd01· a weeping willow in a clnirchyruxl which I had never seen. The olergyman of the pnrislt waa ill, and u. stranger supplied bis place. Two old f'riends failetl :\t tho last moment, and other friends s\tpplied theb· place; tb;s delayed the ceremony.an how· a.od a balf. .All was exact, and either 1 wns there in spirit--' which was l'he ca.s<}., as I ho.vo since been told-or I saw the scene ciairvoy~ntl.y. Beyond spirit coruu1u11icuhions I cnnuot pro?)~ which was the true e:1.1llanatfo11. J3ut I can narrow the issne in this !liter C.'l.Se. O.IQ.i.rvoyo:nce will not throw an ill'.lage on t'he sensitised pl11t e: aud there i$ tl1~ proof of t he presence of spirit and its trans-c<>l·poreal action.

I shal,I have J•cn.~<>n t-0 1·ecur to this nllain. For tho prcscuf; I reiterate my esti1ila te of tlic vf1st impqrtnnce of the experinient ..

Probably it will be consitJercd that t he evidence which I bu.ve now recordecl is fi$ $trong ns any such case can be. 1chose who are not Cl)lwineeil by it of the fact that credible persons assert that they h.we t~cei vetl portrail'~ of their deceased relatives at M. BUS\•H's, those re)~tivas being uuknown t.o him, will not be convinced by any ouurnlat.ion of evidence. It is not, therefore, with any other intent thim to record facts kindly plac:ed ·at my dispos(ll. thnt l appen<l the foltow.i.ng ca.sos of recogitition :-

Mn.dame Smith, 11 n ue d' Albe, 'Patis, testifies thus:-

:'.I ccrt-ify to having Q\lt..'linccl ftoll,\ :A~. ~~b'1Jet.1 Of:! n photogr:1_ph, t.he $_pmt of an 3\Ult of my lt ~U>l.»lnd's~ "'ho died 1n 1.$72, 1n l 1·c.ll\11d1 aud wh-0 WRS completely unkuo~'ll in £.i:nuco. (Signed) c. M. S:auTu. "

Maclame Co11gnard writes thus:-*' P~riH, Jan. 1-:t-, 1875.

'' I di.schiu'gc a dl1t.y :t.n(1 dQ 1nJ">l!elf n pleasure iu.cc.rliiyiug t.b11t t have twice obt.ained at. M . .SUguet'ti th~ ph<.itogrnph .of lUY ht~handi wJJO di1~d more than five years ago. l rceognlse him pc!rfti<~tJy. Ont.he aeCond oce.."l· fiion ho comes i1s Ju) 'i'flt wheo. dcadi i.e., ·with his b{\tl.r<f, which he bad allowed to gro\v dul'ing l1ia illn~11. Orclin~1'iJ1y, he wore only \Vhi.sk~.n:i and .moustoobe. (Sig.led) '/ G. CO.N<lliA1tn,-"

· M. Ristot'i sends a stra.ngc photograph, whioh is app<u'l)ntly a piilbure of something exposed by the spirits to attrMt iitte1\tioo. It is' 11nother of thosa cases which go to p•:ovc that many pictures are i'epresentatious of models or pictm·es made of spi1it sub­stailc~-models which may assume any shape at the will of the invisible operator. In thi• case a clccapitatcd bend is a pr1m1i· nent. object, and the likenc~s is that of a grMdfather of :.\l. Ristorcs, who was guillotiuecl in '03. i\f. Risto.ri fnrtber stty.s that he .has in his pO;Ssession im oil painting of his gmudfnthcr, w~icb shows n. l1ead and fnce reseiubling the likeness in 'the

HUMAN NATURE. 103

phQt-Ogmph. At any rate his gm11dfahher was. guillotined, a))(l mime iuvisi.blo. has taken. a vety plain way of xemindiug him of tho fact. Here ~a . his attcst<1t ion :-

"I ccrtily th~ J\I. l~uguet ha$ been able to ·-give me an exact r.e1)}1.:.duc­HQn of th.~ figun::. of .my gmn<lfatJ)eJ\ w:ho \Ya.a guilloti:ucd iu 19S1 as 'lvell.aa tltn.~ of u1y aiste.r1 whose port-cait.t I hnv<l nt Uomc.'1

Mi. D11pnrc is goocl enough to send me two excellent photo­w·nphs, with .an att.est,.t ion, which. I translate exactly:-

H·26 Rue Bruxelles, l'aria. HI h~ve- pl(}Ul)uru iil tctst,ifying jn WTiting th1't- I ha.ve obt:aiuea ti.I; ~I.

Huguet'!> thl~ spirit port.r&t$ of n1y f1tthur, wlto has been dead·~ yeara, ruid (If one of my sister$, wl10 lm.a beeu d~ad 40 year.a. . I tbiuk. well t o no~ U1t1it my father, good tulf..!l thn,t be wn:i, was at\ Atheu;t 0£ the roost vro­houneed type; ,\·JUJQ tny sister, a Re/.i,(Jiet~se du Sucrri ( }reur, at .Botdcattt, diud in th(~ odoul' of sau(1tity. Front this coutJ·ast it . .socms to l'esult th.-.t note is t1lkcn not so much of our pli.ilt laith ns of our moral worth, what­uvcr m~y h~v-e been ow· sublunary ,beliefa or illusions.

(Signed) I( J) UP.A'RC."

M. Cabomg sends ·me ~hrongh Mr. Gledstanes n series of six carte which. he obtaine(l at M. Bugnet's. E!leh photograph contains the inwge of a spirit recognised l>y M. Cabonrg and, his citcle. The account I summatise from tl\e full dcscrip~ion with which h" rm.~ obligingly far~ishcd iM. .Tile sitters iP. each ca,~e ~re thre~M. an<) l\fo. C::.hom-g and tbeir <laughter.

No. 1 sl1ows a, portrait of " cousiu who .died in A11gust last at Calais. }'or 18 mouths M. Cabo1\1'g wns inteµ<liug to v:isit him. When he heard of his sudden clecease, he wrote fot a portrait of him, ns t\. 1ne1uento. (I Not receiving: one," he sars na.'ively, "I ,vent to 13uguet aud got t.his.,, ' . . No. 2 bears t he u,nage of a friend-:-~!._ P ierre Dep:u·icwho

died 18 years ago. the r~:semblance smlnng', °'nd rccogn1$ed by nil who hn.ve seen it.

No. 3 sbow$ another friend, au old ln.dy of 72, who died 13 yeo.rs ago, and has futcly become one of the guides of j\fadlle. Oabourg. ·

No. 'l represents Mo.dame C:i.houi-g's cousin, who died 17 years ago, aged 26. Striking resemblance.

No. 5, :Madame Cal10U1-g's mbtber, wJ10 .d'icd 46 ye1tl'ifago. M. Cabonrg recognises her from the d(,r.ided resemblance to hi.5 wire. " Dom on clisn.is toujouts qu'elle etait son portra.it vi~ant."

No. 6 represents tm Mnplo;ye of l\1. Cabourg's, t_o whom for 12 years he l1ad been ll\UCb. ntto.ched. Ile commuu1cntes regularly Rt theit S6nDCCS, atid \Vl'iteS be.Rtltif'ul COtntnunicatiOllS.

I recol'd this evidence as I h"l"e receil•ed it. l\fr. Glcdstaues t.ells us that j\f. Co.boutg is a persou worthy of ctedit; a,nd these likenesses are avouched by a great number of witucsses. I can-

104 BUIU.N MATURE.

not add anything tn the strikiug Mture of this evidence. If true, na I do not dot1bt, it is one ol' tl19 most curi<1U.$ foots on record.

Two other 1ihotogmphs or 11-..rge size (8 ill. liy 5 in.) claim notice, both from the extremo clearness of tho spirit likenesses, &nd from thoir iutJinsia merit 118 works of art. The one repre­scot.s the Comte de Bullet, with the spirit or a person sfill iu the body. The other sitter is Jif. Buguet himsclf. Both spirit liko­ucsscs a.re .oocognised. Both phol;ograpbs at•e of great arHstic • merit. Tl~ ill~ ~peci~l reoom niondntio.11 in sitti,ng t~ llf. Buguo~. The reSluttug picture lS suJ'e to bn 11rt.1stic, winch IS more than one is alwn.ys 3blo to say of spirit photograpb;i,

• • • The ooxL t"I'°' -.rill deol with the pholograpbo of Mr. Parka, G Gayocs Park 'fer--, Gro•e ROOMI, Bow.

Copies ot Lho pbotor;npb doacribod in this arilolc of ~LA. (O~on.) m•7 be J>Urchasoct at ).1 r. lllll1l8ts, 15, SoutJlampton llow, London, \V.C.

ON THE NATURE OF GENIUS. JJu }'a.ul:K PooYoRs, Pembrok Colk!Jt, 0-,efcml.

A. J. DA vis ooUs us in his aut.ohiography that duriug the fi.nit few years of his mcdi11m&hip• ho livecl two entiroly different Jives, complotoly cnt off tho one from the other. In· bfa clair­voyant state be coul<I unravel nll thnt had perploxod him in his ordiuary ruomcnts. He could discern with clcal'lless and cer· tainty his own duty and the ullimate issue or tb& circumstances in which be wna placed bolb to himself and to others. In this enlightened condition he would prescribe tho COU1'8a of conduct he wna to pursue in his norwnl stn.te, and woulu point out the om! to which avouts wero !co.ding him. But on rocoveifog fron\ the trance a ll mou101y woulcl vnnish. lt waa, to use his own expression, us ii' a wall en~ on' ltis claitvoyw.1t state from bia ordinary lifo. He could now disoom lhe future and the po.rt that be should ploy in it no better lh11n nny one eJao, Ris vision bad utterly gouo and le£t behind it notbiug but a vague, uneasy fot· prcssion that his duty lay in this clircctiou antl not in that;, but wltbou~ tho s111'0 kn.owled;, ... that made him a1wong to tifamph over present obsta.cles in the p1·oapecL of futnt-e bo,ppiness. Mtor many years <lf thi• strange, uoublc life, which bn(l g1rided him to the battle, but left hi.tu Lo Jlght nlone and tcieodlOS$, be suddenly round, to hia great joy, thnt be could now recoil iu his ordinary condition aU that he bad seen in his clairvoya.noo. The battle

• Davh1 doc11 not l'r~tird himsolf Ma. mt'dinm jn t.hc co1runon iicoopt::ition or tho &enu. ln bhi u Su11-0rior Contlitiou" l1~ an.)•R he gaio.i; k1uHl'l(ltlgo n-!I hvlepe1uleutJy ft.'i men d<>_ iu the ordiuury ~te, uuil t)J1't lie i.'f by no uu:luJa the. mouthJ\Uico ot J1piri~.-e!D.

105

WM elill fierce, but the goal woa nlways in view, and all hie 1,.inrul alruggl~ seemed cheap in comparison of the refuge ihAL nwaited him.

J ~ seelll8 to me th:i.t in these expe1ienees of the American seer, who1i supplol)lent¢ aud inte .. protetl hy obher and bett<:ir known l110~. we lJ:i.ve the key to the pl'Obletn on w hlch we are engaged. I boliuvo tl1~t t11e condition whi0h Dn.vis describes, straug~ und 11h1101'!1lnl though it may seem l).t flrsl;, js but aIL exuggernted and ;listo1·tA:d form of what we are most of us familiar wiLh iu ow· 11\tcs. lt is but a magnified phnso ol' a clairvoyance, which in it.e Mt.ion is oot e.<ceptional, but uoivel'8al. I will first notice other ren1nrkablo and distinctive plw-Os or this same phenomenon, oa It seems to me, and will then endeavour to prove their identity witl1 oorlnin common and familiar eirpcriooces.

The au bjeeL of inspiration has boell so fully treated of in con­necLiou wif,h Spiritualism that I ca.n do no more than briefly iu-11icato its more pl'ominent re .. turo!!. ln old times- the will of Ood - tbnt is, the laws hy whicb tbe universe is regulated, 9.11d to which we ru-e bound to conforu1- w115 dccfarecl by certain men who, na wo may gathel' fmm slight hints acatte<-ed thro11gb tho writings ol' the Old 'l'estameut, wcro freqnont ly in a t·ro.uce (see tbu lloticea in the prophets Js,liah, &o.}, Ol' a.t all events in au nbuormal condition of body, at the lime of llhcir receiving it.. lt waa 01100 believed that those sacred omclos were at once iufnllible, o.nd vo11cbsafed only to the few. }'or o. short time after the death of Jesus I.he opposite :ind truer helii!f gninod groILnd- wiLness the (1¢1:<111nt, given in the first epC.Uo to tbe Corinthians, of spiritual gifts, n.nd Lhe evident impUcation '\hat when propbesyings were so rnauy tliey WNG not all of equnl vn h10 nnd crei:libility. nut in Lhe loug darkuess that followed, in tb i~ matter ns in everything elae, i1ublic opinion retrograded. '011t ovor since the Refonuntio)l thoro 11nvebecu teacher• who hnvo SCilll, with more or less oorllliuty, that God liM notcommitted his oracles "into theselfisb rule of one eolc rnco,'' but that He is continu~lly speaking hy this mouthpiece or ihllL. From Luther and Calvin, who claimed to be messeugons or Ood ~from Sir Thomas Browne, who declared llis belief, that to the courtesy of angels we on earth owed many noble and preoio\18 inventions; from Etnlllluel Swedenborg, who asserted that ho wns the divinely-inspired prophet of the New Jerusalem, has this belief gnined h1 force aud cleo.rncss, nnd Clllminates in these timC8, whon Thomas Carl,ylo tQiwhos that " reaaon ia tho direct iospiratiou of tlrn .Almighty." For since no mun's 1•0ason is entil'cly 1'1·00 from error, inspiL'ileion itself mtlst be liable to be pcrvortod by human imperfection.

In lbe en.mo way the inspimtiou w () on11 Gcnitls was once held to bo tho prerogative of the few; and ;r not absolutely infallible,

106 n UMAN NAT·Uitt.

it' waa yet.esteemed high presumption to question the most ~t·ivi'al of H~ 11tt<m1.uces. In t.bc diMys of ancient l{ome tbc samo.nnnie was given to p1•ophet and ,Poet, which do·ubtless indicates t:hat in ea.dy t imes the last w<\;S held. V.:5 sacix,(\ as the 6.rst.. In Greece the• works of Homer wei:c hardly less reverenoedc than is the Bible now. In early times his poe)lls must b(Lve been· looked on as almost divine; 1/.-Ud down to a much later period the great Grecian poet_coutinued to. exe1·cise au over,\'heluting influence on the minds of bis country.men, so that Socrates cottld refer . to Homer as sufficient authoJ'ity in tJ1e discussion of th~ grll.vMt questions of J:lhHosophy. But as ti.mo went on it was fou.nd tbo.t, on the one hand, Gini11s was commoner than had been at !first suppos~d, and 011. ~he othei-, tlmt itll work$ were not a.l ways clearly to be distinguished from tbose which had never received the divine all'Iatus, nor much less liable to error t-han thll other productions of imperfect ma1h And in these tinres, when we ar-0 tracing the connecting links which conueet t.he ptottd monarchy of England with t.he ptin:ueval village-cdmu1.twity, arid stndyiug the mean$ by which the lord of creation was developed out of 1~ fomnless mass of jelly, we can more i•eadily beiieve that the. imagination w hfoh ma.de :Mi!Oon

•' Rid~ subliwc Upon t.be seraPh~wings of ccat.aar, ,.fhe aecretK ofthe·abyas to apy,'

mo.y be- one wit.h that which t~ughb the common ploughl1oy to name the litt)'e w)Jite blossom with its golden centre ".Eye of .Dav. '1

And while tlie aut•hor of "Micldlemarch" Lelis us that we 1tr liavc vague yCJirnings, "which sorno mistake for religion, Genius1 and more for the impulse of a nriglity love," we believe ~bat the.se aspimhlons am the fruifful germs which,n1ay be (lcveloped into eacli or ~u of these. We list.en to Gerald .i.\fassey whilst h~ teaehc.s ·th~t

"There-'JJ a divinit.y "'ithiu 'J'J:ial; 1.urikea iueu g~1lt 'vheue'er th-ey ·will it;;

Ge>d wocks in all \vhu da'to to ,~· itt., And t·he ti.me ill coming w rcrc~l it." , .

Whethet', bhen, we Cttll it Inspiration, Genius, or Clairv-oyance -fot these• 1trc numc.s of one-it is vouchsnfecl to all. To· :di,. indeed; in different measnre; and in all it is O•ipable olimpnoYe: ment, Aud can not we all, from c;mr own a'-11erience-, testify to the.account of tho American seer which I have given above . .Do we not ·all know moments o.f clearor vision- moments, sonrec tiJ;uc.s, ,vJ1en the .spiri t secn1s Hfted awi•y from earth, and we look on our goal from a s1mlit height, a.ud all the h;mhb.ips and perils that lie between arc swnllowcd up in the glories unntterruble beyon.d. ·Our path through the V:illey of the Shadow is fore-

HUMAN NATURE. 101

1lt111·teued to our gaze, antl seems to lead Olt without a bi·eak to llM ' 'el'y s1m1mit of the Mouut.ain of Duty. .At such t imes wc •llU what-we must qo, and why. We see, fodeed, the trial, b ut f11r 1001-e do we see the rewa!d, and we ·are ready to cry with 1•11111, "I reckon that the suffi!.lfo!;,'1! of this life present are not 1\1111·thy to be compared with the glory that shall be· revc.iled in 11~." In such moments, eacll of ua is as inspired as were tire fou1· f1:\111nge1ists; n.s trnly a genius o.s Goethe; as genuine a. clair­\'O)'ant as Da,'is. But in otw ordinary moments, do we not 'feel with the \<J.St-named, that, !.hough we k now our duty, t.he· dear ey~ 111' fnith w hi ell showed 11s the reward is di mined ; and we work 011 in weaifoess an:l gloom, happy i f we do· not faint and retire 1ll~eonragcd before tho cheering vision gladdens us onue wore. Nor is this trne only of the mot·al ~egion. As· withe clairvoyants, 1111 t.hat has perplexed \ LS in rogai·d to more pm·oly intellectn:tl 1llfl\culties has disappeared. Tbe problem which had cost us l'•'l1itless hours of toil is solved iu the alear vision of an instant. We seem to penetrate delusive wrappings into the very essence: J1f things. It may be in reading some favourite allthot that· the veil which \vas OIL theti1 before has been li~ed from om· eyes; k may be that qn looking on some fatr prospect we have felt-

*' Aa i( t.he }noving- f,iroe ht\cl bee;n .:-\ thiug a:J 1.deiulfwit itH the lS<·~ene Ou which we gaz6d OUl'scl,•cs: a:wo.y."

Hut come tbe vision how it may, it is sure too soon to ·go and ICl\ve us, wilh much indeed of wh11~ we have seen still ours, but 11ot ours witb. all the fulness of conviction tlrnt we loug for. The bm·e skeleton of duty is present with us(but the 1iesh and blood lhat made us love.it are gone ; ancl it is not till we have Wl'Onght loug in the darkness that the _to? brief dawn ~lrines on us 1ig:tiri.

In tlus we may trace a stnlnng analogy with what we know 1if tbe workings of genius. The poet, in his ordinal"y condi­lfou, oft.en fails to understand at all, mucl1 less to feel, witb all l.110 as'surance of perfect kuowledg~, the noble thoughts to which he lias given utter:J.nce in his inoruents of iusp,fratiou. Socrates, l,bc wisest of the Greeks, tells us that he sought long :J.nd care­l!llly to find any wiser and better than himself, who wns conseiou~ Ill' knowing nothing. Oftcll he discovei:cc! JJ•auy noble thoughts 111 the writings of· living poets, some, indeed, bard to he uude~· olood, but· when their meanin" w~s ·seized, m·ost beautiful and predou~. Ho often took such pnssages t-0 th<JU' wri~rs, and, 11'tJndering, found that they were less able to intei·pret them than hta11self. Their moments of iust>iration 11ad passed, and left ·them lil inder than the man who was habitually inspired. '[have 11eai·d, ~~o. though whether on trustworthy 1lutho1·ity I do not know,

\

108 lll!MAN NATUJlE.

that :!.ir. Tennyson, when questioned on the me:ining of ·som0 obscnre . passage in his poems, · will discuss the point with all the impartfality, and often with all the ignorauce, of an ordinary critic. This, ff tru<)1 proves that in our laureate, •s fo others, inspiration is internJittent. A further prool~ if auy were needed, that genius ia not self-couscioos, is afforded by the acknowledged fa~t that great men often mistnke the dit'ection in wlrich thci.t: powei·s lie. Cicero was as vain, (if bis contemptible verses as of all the sploni:lout'.!i of his 0111,tory. Shnkcspe1ml prided himself more on his sonnets, which are beautiful, than on his drnmns, which are iuimitable. And to take an instance from mo<lern times, the two subjects ou which, above all others, Jl{r. Ruskin believes his knowledge to be profound, are the dynamics of glacier aJ!tion and political economy. •

:Out we ~re not left without 11 guide to the true reason of tlte uncoru;cious itature of genius. SpLt'lLttnl:ism supplies the answer, but we might have known it without such aid, were we not "fools, aud slow of hemt to believe nil that the prophets have spoken:• For what else dicl the ear)y poets mean by invoking the assistance of the muses in their t:lSl<s, too great for unni<lell human powers ? It was no empty form of rhetoric in them, but the sincere expression of a bdief that heavenly aid wn.<; granted to him who asked it. In their degenerate descendants it wiis, doubtless, only the servile i~tatfon of a form from which the spirit had departed-the ha.re skeleton was left of t hat which once hnd life imd power to i-ouse the Jleart, bnt now coulcl only flabter the ear with th<: unmea.niug foi-ma of a forgotten faith. But even lit these days, when the cry is thnt the world is growing old, and religion has become a thing of the past, tltere are ye~ !tome found to cherish th.e faith that has gi·own threadbare with all the world beside. Such au one was the poet Shellei, called, as S6crates '''a.<S called, nn a.theist; accused, as J e.ans was nccused) of blosphemy and enmity toward God. In one of the nio~t beautiful of bis poems, the ,\donnis, he avows his belief tbac-

" --whep lofty thought Lilla a young be:n;t. ;\bo,4 e ita uH)rlit.1 lri.i:r,

And love and lifa c~o1\te(ld ill it. for \Vha.t Sholl bo ii• cru·t.Jily doooo, the dead live tlte•e, Aud move like wi.ng.s of light on d.<t.rk :'blltl stormy air.11

And tl1is, to which poets and ptophets in the pnst ha.ve testi­fied, the unanimous voice of spiritualists in the present conlll'm. We all agtee in bel:ievillg that .gcni11s, nn(j not only genius, but sacrc.d inspiration, cl.aiwoyauce, an<l that form of clnirvoyaucc, iJlspiration, or genius which we all know in ont better moments, proceed alik~ froill a Power other thnu ourseh•es. We :ill owe onr best and noblest to the ldud offices of friends departed,

llUMAN NA'l'URE. 1-09

A 11(1 viewed in this ligbt, whnt · means tbe lament that true 14011\u.s ill this' age is impossible because all men arc self-con· 111lous? What but that we are becoming, not less dependent 1111 ffucb aid, but more willing to use it to the best advantage, 11,v employing Qur own powers instead · of suffering ourse!Yes to I 1u the lllCl'e passive mottthpiece of others. A.nd does the pt'Opbet "I' t.bis age; who leads the cry, forget that h is great m4ster, tloetbe, wa.~ of a.U ioen tpe. most self-conscious 1 In all his 1~1·ltings the great German but images i)irnsclf, his own experi· m1ces, passions, sorro,ws, o.spl1·~Lions. And in n<\ne is this more Lhe case than in tbe "Sorrows of '\Verter," wlie1-e lie. dissect.~ himself for. the benefit of moping, melancholy Germany:-

" Arid all his store of sad eJ:Perience he Lays b&re -0f wret-0hed days:

'fells us hiP. "!ia,,1ny1s birth, and growt.h and signs, Auel ho'v tho dyu:&g spal'lt of J>op.e was feil 1

And how the he~rt waa ~oothOO, and how t.bo bend, An<l all his hou.rJy Y&rj~U aood,tn~s."

And was not Jesus, the highest type of man, self-conscious i-0 the uLtermost1 Siuely, then, perfect genius must be that which best knows its own excellence and its own obligations. And Jf there is a lack of genius iu this age, it is not because we know onrsclves too well, but because we clo not kAow ourselves enough, 1m<l waste 011 hnlf·a ·hundred aims the energy that IJlight have ripened iuto genius, did we but know for what to·stiive.

If we believe th'1t inspiration in its earlier forms is un.con­scions, we may see how· it is that the instincts of the lower nnimah are so perfect. Sir J. Lubbock's experiments tend to show tliat · bees nre o.moni:,o;t the most s tupid of animals when pl11cc.d in citcumstauces wbare inst.inct cannot serve them; nud 1t is gcner'1lly acknowledged that, however complex the instinct, tile auimal obeys ita nrnnda.tcs uuconseiously. Darwin's theory of the hereditarv transmission of sen•iccable habits is incom­plete without tb"e spiritual side of' the question. I t ma.y 1'3.ise 11 laugh in some, and insttlt the pride of others, to think our bestial progenitors could possibly have been inspired. Bttt do you who object believe that there are no spirits of animal$ in t.be next world 1 And if we on this WTth ~re influenced by beings like ourselves from a higher state, why sh<J'uld not our dog or horse be so? And we a.re fu1t her helped to this conclu­sion by the nnme1'0ns .accounts of npp1.iri~lous which prove, that 11ot only Bnlanm's ass, but a.uima1s in our times, a.ri• f1-eqnently more susceptible tn spirjt.unl presences than we are ourselves. lf this be so, it is because we 11ave dulled our sensibility by carelessness and wanton disc)bcdience. "Heaven lies about tt.s i 11 our lnfancy," because our perverted reason has not yet taugl1t

110 ilUMA..'1 llATURE.

us to cut ourselves off from it. Iv!. ,YOOrs go on, we neglect tho heavenly voices and sull'or the" shades of t.be prison-house" to 11lose upon us, until we voluu!Alrily thrust upon oUJ'S<!IVC$ the yoke of custom, and let it

· " -- Ji(I upon nR with a w!"ig'ht Heavy'"' froe:t1 nn<l deo1l n.huott· as life.•'

/).no we are happy if 'we RrO yet permitted to catch g\imp~oa 61' the laud from which we have wilft11ly exiled qurselves. For then we may perpetuate what we see for the benefit of others, Qnd thus ~ain for ourselves a double !(ood. .Auel the more we try lo do tlus, the oftener will such visions be vouchMfed to us. 1''rom this it comes that men are 600n 11t their best in their wrilinJlll. '.l'bey then sojourn for a limo in tho land which will t!OOn ho theirs for ever. They then foreknow the knowlodgo and fore­tnele lbe glory which shl\ll 0110 dny be their own. Aud if wo lw nestly end'l"''om to make the best of what we b:i.vo, we shall gtiin yet more. Caclylo intorpi·ets the precept," Know thyself" into "Know what t11ou canst wot·k at," and by knowiug thla n11d cloiog Jt, we may hope to,golu an inspiration wllich shall be, not fitful, but continual. For llS A. J. Davis, by faithfully wnlkiu_!( in the )lt\th painted out to hint l;y his he~ter self, was tit Inst reworded by bis lower 11:.turo being entirely absorbed in t.hl\t better self, so we sh.ill find that we may preserve and per)l$tu· ate our sudden gleams by rono,.ing whither their light 8hnll lead.

So that cL'""•oyance, genius, and inspiration are one, and nro \l'ithiu the reach of all; not given capriciously to this man or that, leaving the majority "rnyle8S nnd pathless." But ii' thia gre11t gift is to aU, all aro responsible for using it honestly, foar­les,s\y, consistently.

A VISION. Tm: sunset glory or lbe 1.ky h•d Oed, And night's dark .Pinions hovered overhead, OloudiDg the land in prb or Mhon gray, Still momning the departnro of the day. The sighing broezo swopt slowly o'er the ••11h, Filled with tho fragr•nee or its so11ll1ern birth, And through .tl1e opeu cnsomeut lightly stole, 'l'o aooLhe, w1th snbtlo bl\lm, i:ny weary soul. ')res I weary of tho searclt so long su•t~ine(l, Whose end sceme<l ever nen.r, yel ne'er attninod­A •cnrcb for truth, ore h11m&11 a..t had sought To twist the fabric so divinely wrought.

In boaks, in creetls, in. 11nturc'.a vaTying pon, I songht to ~race .fl truth nnwatped l>Y men; In vain I Where' er.I turned, the holy page Ho.d been di.shallowed iu encb passing age, The cooling zephyr• fanned.my heated brow, And magic s ighs o.nd whispm·s secmc.d to grow From out f,he silence of tl>e stilly night, To fit my spirit for etherettl fligut, Soft slumber l•nt her ever ready 111md To gnide my faltering steps across the strand That parts t.be realm of ideal eights aud sounds From subsmuce rc11<1ised by outer bouuds .; Yet e'en in sleep my r~a.son fiercely crrwed • The draught by which its thirnt might bo a llayed, Theu, aa .,in ftl\s:wex to my ea.ge.r prayer, A form approached, so beautiful and fair As t.hongh it.s whitouosa wer.e the t"etlex bright Of hen<en)y Wla(\9m's 'l}\11n i11atiug light, In to1u3:a, whose ·music thrillf!d my list'niug ea.r, This 1,'<nnd embodiipcnt of angol .sph cr<r Bado rue atise nnd .seek• with him to ·find TJ1e p~arl of price-that· elevates the mimt O'er hill and dn.lc we trod with foot.step fleet , Past nodding'gro•es where souls celestial moot; But soon our feet '"'ere stayed. before a mount., Whose lofty summ.it ·shono, ns thongh a fount Of crystal snow U11ceasiugly had play Amid the azure rqbes t.hnt girt its wny, At<i•e.struok, I st.ttove. in vain to re.a.ch my guide, Climbing wit]l ease 1he shining mount11in's aide, Until ho bnokwn.rd ,turned with smiling face To help Jl\Y Jasgh1g steps lo swi(ter pace. Olearer lln<l clearer grew the dazzling light, As silently we .non.rod. t.110 dizzy 11eight, Aud breat.hless watched the vap'ry column rise To meet the bending nrohcs of the skies, 'l:hen, one by one t))e shadows fell a.way, And wreathe<\ the mo=tain top in misty spray, '''heu, lo! a. glistening structure inet my gnzo, Its summit lost wit]lin a gorgeous Laze; .-\1\cl from its riven side a. gentle stream 0£ water fell, so pnl'C ile lucid gleam As though '·t ho\<l lave<l the great while throne of grace, 'l'o ben.r salvaMon lo a, fallen race, A /loo(\ of glory swept across the sky, Changing tho f'l'Ure to i.mperial dye, . .\.nd wQm><\ 1.be crystal rock in gol<len bn.nda, ',!'hat broke in my1·io.d hu~s o"cr pearly sands. 'Yet st.ill the water, white as <U:iveu •now,

112 HtntA N NATURE.

Bstbed wilh " noiR-Olel!B flow Ibo monnlain's brow. Jn wond'ring spoocb I bado my guide expla.iD The hidden meMliug of the sun-crowned faue. " That rock," tho angel snid, "is sh&<low faint " Of truth, llll$ullied by n /\11ite tniut, " Fresh from tho sbrh10 of ilim whose hands control " The scorct worki ugo of cron Lion's soul. " Melted by .love, tbo gni·ucrc<l treasures pour " Upon the mountni ns higb their precious st01·e; "Enah pearly drop •owo lmowledge new contains, " To solve the my8L' riee bid in Intent ch..U.., " And, flowing down to lower pl.Una, reveal " Tho inner tracings or the M&Sler's seal." Bot whilst he •poke tho symbol fainter grc ... , FadiDg in fleecy shadows from my \'iow; And once tl(!ain t.ho mi&ly column rose, To wrap the lypie mount in c!eep repose. 1''illed with emotions too l11l&nB<l for words, llfy thoughts drawn bonvonward b;r mystic cords, I heeclleas trod " dowuwa.td po.th, that led To where o. group of trees tboir branohe& apre11<l Above n pool, upon wllo»e surface btigbt Soft rays of sunsWno dweH in halo light. With soareo a. 'ripple of its limpid tide, Through outlet guarde<l by n oedar wide, The water mn, a sleodo.r, tYia-kling rill, Deyon<! the radius of tbot cir.Jo still. I looked around-no inlet could I trace, Though undiminished abono ile placid faee; But then the angel, watehful of my gaze, .Apprised the tbongl1t within my bosom's maz-0. With outstre.tcbe<l hn.na ho showed an olive shoot Th1>t nearest to 1110 mounl bad Uiken ·root, And 'neath ; ts tootler loaves a. tiny flow Of orysto.l ea.,roe to food tbo ),.lto below. Siler1t we left tho spoL, nnd wandered on, O'er Bowery plains, yet still I.he brooklet shone, Rofleet.iug back. in brillinnt hoes lbe shades Of bright.~ged bllds whose musio tillod the glades. A verdant vale we pused; bot, nb ! the stream, Tha.t late was bcauti.ful u nngol's dream, Had duller growo, nod streaks of ashen gray Bestrewed \be lustrous current of its way. And as we traced its course through woodlands atOOJ>, Tbe water darker g1·ew1 yet hidden deep Within ila mudcly bod ! 11lah1 descried, Shinilig like gems ba~eMh tJ10 lroublecl ti<lc, Some wo.nd'ring ripplos of the pure while stream, Waiti.ng the dawn to reuovato their gleam.

'l'.b1<1agh manhy awamJlll: bul boro tho water changed Ana 111.y a stagnani pool, wbil&t round it ranged 1'ho lont.hsomo repliles of the fetid earth, WJ1ose rotting masses gaTo thnir noxious birth. The vs.pours, rising fro1n Ute J~Ois· 1i0\18 reeds, Allsumod fnntMtio shapes, no(\ olutched at weeds 'rhat twiued their arms round bin.steel truu]\a of trees, So11thod by the lightning's elrDko, au<l reft of leaves. A doo.cl ly silence hang upou tho riir, l\u<l voileil the dnrksom• pool i 11 black despair; 11<1 tidolcss br<last no au•weciog irnnge gn.ve From out the somhre shadows or its grave. Au.! WI r looked, I marvelled thal Lhe spring, 8o paro in essence, aho11ld become a thing

113

or hideous gloom-a cbarnel boneo or ill­Whoro lurked the slumb'riug dou1ous of its will Iu an•wor to my thought, the n11J!ol anid : u Tho aLr.eam ~~hose do,vnwnrd oourRO yo1\ see 'vith dread u Jina hnttged t.ruth, as througl1 thn \lAtie<L spheres " Of tiuito minds it VR••eS, and t\ppears .. Olothecl wiLh the proprinm or men's OWll ]1enrl$, " Slion1 of the hell.vculy wisdom love \1npa.ris ; 11 1'c1·vcrtccl thnfi the Lrubh <li \'ii.le g1'0\VS dark " 8e11e1>th the evil flood Umt dims its •park, " Aud. in tlru living tomb or dae1>e•t uighi, " ;I.wails the elariou !rump of coming .Ligb~." Th""• breathing o'er tho swfnoo chill, I AAW Tho waten part, and, mingled with lbe ore Or tarni-1100 gold, lay pearls thl\t once wero white, Now dull and worthless in their dismnl plight. Dut whilst I ga,r,ed the pool divlt1c1l slu·auk Willi. mocking murmurs 'gn.inBt its alituy bank, 1'beu fMled slowly into mu rl<y 1~ix, '!'Jrn! clownwnrd swe1)t wit.Ji wail• ohvild ·<l••p,.ir. And 'mi<let those hideous cries I woke ia fright, To Jlnd I.hat mqrn hnd chaeecl Uie clouds of night.

lio.'(t}()N, E ...... 0. Btcutm.L.

ON lllllA.CLES AND MODE.liN SPIRITUALISM.*

Or late yeara Lhe names of "WsJl&OO, Crookes, and Varley" havo b~on in ovcryono's ntouth oo J'requontly when BJ>iritu&lism wM uudor diaonR&ion, that. the hnmoro11.8 remnrlr bn.s been made that l'bey re111'0aeuh tho spiritanlistio trinity, no1l tumi•h the evideuce• ot ~eliof UJ!Oll wl,iab the spiriloo.liaHo 10pologist most forvenLly relics. ln nU parts of tho world, an(l in 1111 lnngungoa in wllieh the discn•· "ion of Llie vexc<l theme of Spi1·itnaHein occupies a place, tho names

• ·rhr~ ~~1• by Alfred Ru)j:wll Wallaot. LoQ1Jon : Uurns. 61. Vol.I)(. 8

lld llUNJ.N NA TURii'...

of tbcao geollemeo lll'O very Cr&quenlly repeated, and oflen ill the 8e<jllenee quoted aoovo. H iJ probable lbal in tho co.nluriM to como Rdditioon.l Jostle will a11rro1111d these fearless inve•lif!&lort, ru11l Ibey will be regarded n• noble pioneers or sciontiJio t&ought, who a..,,.d to look Jo.vingly iu tho Ill v•ticn.l face of uatn ro, nnd rotul trutltftllly her most obscure thou1;l1 lnALruetive Jioeamente.

Whatever may be t11e vol'diot of the fultue, iL 1s undcni(Lblo t.ltrtb n.t proaont every wor<l uLtore<l by thaso gentlemen on Lhe qno•tion of S pirit11alism is co.gorly sought after by tho more iuLellignnl ~ection of the community. Nowspu.per$ a,nd oia~A.zinog of Hie higbOBI class freely gh·c publi<>.ity to articles and oommnnio•Uon1 from lho omiocot soieoillio men who now give testimony ou l1eh•lf of thu phenomena.. To Lheir l•bount and .int.repidity in doclariog tho rcoult. Lborcof, the movemoul is very much iodebled; And i' would nppear ihat the good work which thesa hclpcrs hove to afcoompliab ia scarcely yet boguu. Tho volume before ns, Ibo most rcoont contribution from tho world of science on beb•lf or Spiri· lol\lisro, Inspires the investigator of recent phenomena wilu feelings of hopo ~ncl gralJilnd~-bnoyo.uoy to work. and a. scn•o of sLr•nKlh "nd '""istanoe in the· prosccalio11 of his I.ask. Wbeu we sn,y t·ht~I Mr. Wallndc's work is t.hc most im11o<tant which h"s i•et <1p1>on rcd io eo.uuecl.ioo 'villi SpititunJisn1, 've do not ueeeaaRtily institu l.o nuy oompn.rison with the prodt1elioos of oilier a.ulhors. Theso m11~·· in cort.&in departments, and in Ibo res lm l!ocnli&r to their l>rofess1onl\l la.boura, gi,·e even more exhanelivo ev1deote tl)an the "Essays .. f11rniab on that particular bnucl1 of tho o.nquiry. But wliat rondcra ~fr. Walloce'e book so ""1uable is the comprcbcosiveo- of i" purpoee, nod lhe failb!olnesa witb which the •·asl expanlt<I of grouud 18 oovorod. 'fhe experiences or Lho nuthor nre of OOUrRR o( grcn~ \t(llgh~, aud \vhen his llorsonnl cwuvietioua are added, the ttfTect ia simply irre•istLblo. Bu~ the tro~ln1out of " Miracle$ aucl Moderu Spiritnn.lif1m •• cmbruues vory un1eh 1norr. thnn t.h& iudividul\l position or the author, though tbnl je a magnetic centre of 11l~rM· tion, ns it were, round which tLll other views of the aubjcot oOU· siste11Lly gnthcr. It is not ouly Alrred llussell Wallace 011 Spil'i· tualism, but ii is evarybody worth nt11ll.iug on Spiritualism. Aud •11ob n eoloctioo of facts aud findings as imp&rt.s to th• rcndor • tbciro11gh aeqn&inl.n.oce with Spiritualis1n in all its ramiOc&liout. n is pre.euiliJenLly a book for tho tpiritualist, aoa the most profoood invetli{!at.or oaJUlot rej""t its per11eal ; at the same time it is of manifold more nlno •• n mean• of reMhing ohe outside poblia. Tho author's •cientilic attofomonts and li!erary renown oomwun<l a bonriug on whatever snbj4)ot. ho ma.y choose to w:ri.t.e., aocl ~hia work will be lnkoo up nod oalmy poruaed for the aathor's sake whou a r091-e tr-011\ise 0.11 Spiritno.lism wo11ltl be dim1gardcd. 'l'his is 11 powor wbiob the promoters of Spi ritt1nlisro would do well to n.vnil Lioetll· t=talvo.e of, for iu ocrtain u so<sit\1 cl.relc.s •• we mistake very· ·muob it tliey do not fiod Mr. Wn.llnoo tho moet effective "medium " or exposit.or -.hith they could employ. 'l'he study of Spiri~unliom

•

mm AN NATITRE. 115

I~ 10 pceulinr thnt a person or family has only to become interested Iii II. to command tho whole iu vcstigation wilhl11 their own precincts. \ViU1 no otber lll!SUtnnce tbnn Ibis work £11rni•hes, a party with rnNliumistic gifu; ro&y proceed to lho holding of circles i.nd the .. xplomtion or t.bo myateriou• tenlm whfol1 Spiritut\li~m oxt~nds lo Its volttries. No kind of work could be moro nalculalcd to interest tho onqoiriog mind. The f&ets introduced, irreooooill\ble though ll!oy m11.y be with tbe reader'• experience, arc so fo~t i Bed with the lo4limony of sotne of tho most eminent nn.mea of tho nineteenth <Mtlury, lbnl tbe force of prejudice gradu.ally gives v.•ay to tbe •11mul&tive f;rutb which the n.nthor so •~roitly leads I<> wnr •1!8inst II. Of the so11eral conton ts of tbo ~olumo, tho a uthoT says iJi his !1rOftlC0':-

11'1'he ~)"W whieh form thi1 volruue were writ.ten Rt. 1lif(ercut times, 1tnd for di1101•cnt. p tU'}>Ol'ICB. Tho fi~t in order (tl1ough not. the cnrlicflt in 111t.to) W:l$ l'Ctitl bijf(}l'C t he 1)i:1lcotlcal SooM•ty, \\'lth the intention or iuduc­lnt.: ect:p~ics to W:eonaklcr the fnndacnt.nL1l qnt!t!tiOl\ of -U1t'i inherent. oredi· ~Ht.y '>T incnflibility of MirAC1<'11J- 'l'be 11eoo11d was written mon~ t.h..,n (Jgbt ye~rP. (li;:(O for tho ppges of n .Secn1laril'tt pet•ioJ.h:al1 1tnd it 1/ery Jhnited 1uunbor of COJlics priuted, chi~Oy for r ri11.\tC cirr.11\l\tioo. fnte thircl i3 the Arlioll• wbicb rocently appeared in the F'M'hligllt/y 11uU... All b&•o '-n Nf'ffu.Uy refl.eed. and eonsi<lemble. addit.i&na ba,ro been 1Jl11.de- of illuB:tra.­fl1'u fllot1 arg 111ncnt, a11~ 1>c1·&0111\l c:<perionee1 togot.hnr '·.-1th l\ few otitical l'erun.rka ou Dr. Ct\rpon~r1a latc•t wotlt."

Ju the fi r11L dcp11ctment oC the work the nrgument• o( Hume, Lecky, an<l othei: rt1tionalistio writot~ are a!ta.ekcd. It h n• boon ~e1iorl\lly tbought by men or supreme reason lhne tho idea of wh~t Is cnllod mir""1e is a menial delusion, which the £01"" o( argument is nblo to dilt]l•L Tile author is eqno lly rcnffoUablo in an opposite diroot.ion, nnd, hn.ving l'Outo11 tho sceptical host, t.bus stUYey• the fiol<l of hl\ltle :-

u Jn conclu11Jion, I n1ttlft. ag:tin cmph1'ticftlly point out tbnt. the qucRtion I hR\'6 heen hOl'Q,liiseuss.ing ia.-h1 no wa.y, wb(lt.her Jn h·EiclcA "re true or faJ~, 01· whether mode.rn. Sl)iritnaUsru reats u1l<ln a b1U1i1 of fach or <W.luaion.­but 1olely. •holber the &rgumwl& th•~ 1Ave hilborb> been ""Pi-ed COD• clwUve agaiult+ them hi-ve any weight or .,~atue. Ir 1 Ju,vo -shown-aii 1 1Jatto1· 1nyaell I have tlone- U111t1 the argmucntA which buve bc:Cn l:'ttppo.S.Od tCJ ~ttlc the gon6rul qOCJttiQn 10 eomplcU1ly as: to render iL q_uitc u11necea­"''1 to go int<) pa:rticulAr .... ., ""'all ulluly (~ll•eiou., tbon l oball t..ve cleared tbe gronnd !OT tllc 1lrod:uction or eridencc; and no honcafl m11n desiroui:c of nrriving ot . truth' ,,111 bo. ahlc to or11dc nu inq\1\Jy into t bt'! ht,Lure and n1noulit. of Uutt evidonc-.e1 by 1noving th~ previous qW!fltio11-tttat. rninclat are uuprova.ble by any amount. or horuan t<-Alimooy. I t. ie tin)O that. tbo • derisJ.,.-o a.nd uul'!~amining incredulity 1 which ha.a hitherto cxi~t('(l shoulrl gi~e ,.,n.y to a. lc81 dog n:uftic nnd 1noro phiJoaophicnl Rpicit.. or bif!t.oi:y will itga.iu bn.Te to rtoord th& melaochol.r spoct:lclo of men, who ehonld have btoWll bcUer, auumiQg Lo limit. Use diaco,·ery of new po'llV<!r8 Anl'I "~nciet in th~ ,1nivorae, And deoidlng1 rcirlWtd ftt.twll!Jfltfon, wl1ether Qlhor 1nen's oheervu.tiona at-o tr·uo or fuh1c. ''

The rc•der'a min<l being lbus cleared ol sophistical eobwob•, be is pr<>ptlred I<> euler npon Lite inv06lign.tion in nn 11Dproj11<1iccd

116

D'.Wlner, which is eysteroatioo.lly ptea-0ntoa in the second treat.ise, "Tho ScientiJJo Aapoot 0£ U1e SnpernalnrAl." Mr. Wallaoo begint by reoollllXlendiug a series of volumes for study, and pl'CsenLing a list or his wih1cssos, which ho lhus inlrcxluoos :-

" l tubjoin a 1i1:1t ot the por~ooo. \Yho.se nu.rnca .l ha.'70 addu?Vd iu the fol· Jowll)g pages, a& hnvlng buen COJl\'lnood of tho tr'\tt·b a.nrl. reah[y of most qf t-Oese pfiuuowena.. l preaume i~ wlil bb ad.mit.t.od t,hat t.bey MO '""~'' wou. If, tllcu, these faebl, which OWIJ' of them doclaro they have .-.peatodl7 wit.ttCMted, Mve.r took place, l .1.uuet tea .. ·e my tC!IMl.ers to a.ccoUbl- ior the u.ndou.bt.cd j 'ucl o( tlu;irr belief in the cu, 118 be&L they can. J Ctw only dQ so by ~H[•p(>a.iug tbe.110 woll-kuown rnQU t.o lu\vo bv(!u &ll fQola 01· ,nuuhnun, whi¢.h ls to n10 1n~ro dilliouJt thou believing t.111.:y nrc sane nlon, CUIJO.ble 9f obacrvlug matrol'& of ffl-C.~ M.td of rorcniug a aouod judgment u t.o "'hethc,•r or no thvy could i-fbly have be<u d<!ecived in th- A u>ao of ..,,.., will no~ lightly dooW., .. man,y ol lhese do, not oo.17 lhA~ be bM .. ito...00 wlt(tt. l)tben e;!eetn 1\IJ,,urd and iuorcc,lible, but Lhat. he feels morRlly cert.a.ii\ bQ wu" not t,.lllC9i,vod in 'l'hnt Lo 81~W :-Lit>t.-1. l1rofel)80~ A. l)c )lorg~n, maUu,luu\tieitm nnd logic.Uu1 ; 2. J)l•Ofcsso1· Cballl,.., nistronower/· S. P rofeS&or Wm. Grcgory, .M.O., ol1emistt 4-. 1'rofc'80r Hobc1·L !fare, b .I'>., chemist; 6. £role.or 11.&~,!1 . ~layo, ~t.D-.. F.l!.S., pbyaiologist; G . .llr. R.u~r, chem~; 7. Dr. Mliocoon, ph710ol"!l':'~i 8. Dr. Haddock, phl"ICWI; 9. Dr. Gulley,ph~!cian; lO .• Jud~o£dmondo, lnwycr; U. Lord Lynd­hu1·st, ll\wyer ; 1~. Chnrlea liray, philol'>ophienl \\'Titer ; l3. AJ'cbbjahof' ' Vhtll.-tt.ly1 clct gymun; 14. ltcy, ,V, ltcrr~ M.A .• ole ra1nJLn; 16. llon. Co • E. ll. \Vilbrn.hH.m, 10H1tru.·y Dl~n; l-0. Capt. ll .• l!'. Bw·con, mllllary lllan ; 17. N .... u E. S1J11ior, political eoooomiot; 18. W. ~ ThMker&y, anibor; 19. T. A. Trollope, author; 211. ll. l>. Owcu, •olho< and diplom:.,ilit; 2-1. W. llowitt1 ao.thOri 22. S. O. LI.all, aulbor.l•

In U1e ehaptoxu which follow, the subjeQt is thus trcntea :-1. Iutroduct.ory·l 2 • .b1ir:ul101 au•d /l:fodem Scic11100; 3. M01lr:1·u )lirftelba

viewed aa Narura l'hCJ:1omcua i 4.. Od-Forco, Animal AL.guet.ilm, Md Cla.ino7auce; ~ "J110 Evidt.neo of thu RW.iiy of Ap~ritio.na; G. Modem Spid~u•litm-EviJcucc of .Me.n o( Scicmce; 1. ~;videncc of l.ihrrary and l'rofe111lounl ~1.eu to iho !act• or Modom Spiribu.Usm; e. Th• 1·b.ory of Spirituf1 1.ilStu; 9. Tho Moral '.Cth\Ohi.UIJ!! of Spiritul\!Wm ; J.0. :Nol.u& of Per4 so1J"I EvlJenee.

Thi.a last soolion will be tnrnod w will1 eagerness, Cor uo doubt tho author OC<lupios the positio11 of chief witoe88, lhougb be •lauda naide lill all tho othero nro hcnrd. Hero i1 the note of !tis firsl sbanoo :-

" ,July 22nd, 18G5.-$a:Lwith my fJ·iCud, bi& \'life, ruul two dl\ughte.rs. aL a lug6 loo table, by dayligbt. Tu &bout half an hour oomo l.U.i woti.olll wore perceived, aud tome fainl taps hean1. 'l"hey gradually increol3ed; t-he t&pf becruuc very diati.uc~1 and ll1e tabl~ n~oved considembly, obliging ui:i 1Lll to &hl[t O\tT eh1d.ra:. 'fhen n curious vihr11tOl'y illOtion ot the ta.blo co1n111cuoe<l,, ahuOsL Hlte the s.hivor.lng of a living nuima.1. l eould teel it. up to n•y el bow&. 'J'hf!&CI pbcuorn4;1uu were vnriousJy repcatotl fo r Lwo hour.. On lzying a!lorwarda, we (uund the t&bl• CC>uld uoi be vulnotari17 movtd iD lhe Stn1.e wanner 1rithoul a greai euirtioo of iOTce, aod we could ~o'vtl'" no potStiblo Wlf.f of producing the taps whlle our hands •-ere npo.n t ,hc tnbht."

A aoriea of sittings with ~frs. Marshall, recently deecnacd, are

HUMAN NATUllE. 117

11olt described, and I.hen he commonced sittings ai;nongst his 11ursoual friends. An important conclusion was thereby nrrive<l at.

•1 I UO\\' for aome month~ ],:J't o.ff ~oiug to Ura. l\f11rshQJ-11s, and onQoa* yt'lured to pl·odue(\ the phenom..ena \\ti hom(!. 1\1y fri e.nq1 ~Ir. R~ . aopn tOllttd he hnd t he pOW<'i·l" to produce S}ight ln.0"\'ClnOllts: Of the table, but I hey 'vcrc 11aver of !)ttch a nature a:; to s..i..tisfy tm. observer that they ,vere ltc>b produced conacioua)y or t\nCOJ)scioualy by out own._ raunel~s. Thn i.~ylo And cbru:n.e~r of Hu.~ comntunic:1tiOn~ obtained tJ1rough tb~.so l'.OO\fC· n1el1lfl w·0re, howeveri such ~ to &'l.tisfy me: t-hat ou1· own minds had no junt in 1>r1Jduci_ng t·hem."

A $eries of i>honomena, t11rougl1 the roediumsliip of Mr•. GTIP).>Y• I~ tleaoribcd, with further partictllnt'S respecting experiments con· olnotod i11 the family, and tl10 cbapte1· on person n.1 ovidonco t11ua tioocllules :-

11 I ha\'C since witnessed a. griulL variety ol 'Phc11orucna1 some of '''hich l\l"O nlluded Lo in other p.'lrta oft.bis \'Olun1c:; but I attacli. moat, importAnc:o· tt> tluu1e- '"hicb I bavo carefully and l'Cpcatedly t eRte-c11 l\nrl which gnvc me n aolid basis of fact. by which tC> jud~e of "•hnt· <Jt.hera relnte- or of what I )rn.vc myself SIJ(Ht under lc!!-i fnvourflble conditio.us.11

A por tion of t.be uutho1"s e~perienca, bnt of a different kina, is ~iven in another ]/.itrt of tho volume. I t has some bearing on the utt.ifoda of aeienti.fio mo11 towards Spiritµaliagi, and of I.be rolntions of Spiritualism, ns tr0n.ting Gf ti (lepartment in nMur0, to eoleutifio method. Ji!r. Wt.llnce sn.yo:-

" J aro well aware that. my acientific fricn<lrs arc sotll0whR.t -pu1.iled t o Account for wh:' t tbcy consider to be n1y deh1siou, and bolie\•4) that i t htie lojnrlously a-ffe<:ted " 'lHltcY"cr powor [ m~y ~ut.ve Qnce pos."!csscd of 11trt'1ing wtth tbc. philosophy oi Nahtrnl Hi.story. () r:taof them-~fr. Anton Dohrn_ - luus expressed t.bis p1tlin)y. r ~ll) htfortned (hat in l)tJ :trticle entjt.led H'Eugli.sche l{ritiker uod Anti-1\Mtiker dea Dlll"Winisn\\IB," publi!:1hA<l in l 8Gl1* 110 hits: put forth t~)C opioioo tJ1at Spiritu.alii;.lfl. :\:i.td Nl\turAl Selection nre incompatible, nud t·hat my divc.rgouce f1·0U) the vie\vs of ~j.r. Darwin 11ri !let:I fi:on1 my belief in Spjritoalism. He also s uppORAl::t th~t in :i.ccept irip:' tho "pirit nal tloetr.incs l ba.ve been to aoroe extent it1Jluc:nced by l(leri('.&1 l\Dd toligiona prejudice. As )tr. Dohm 'g viewa may be those of otbo~ t1eientific friends, I m~i.y perhaps be excm.od for l~ntfl1· ing i11to soroe personal ~li.'! taila i u reply. _ ·

"Fr<>m the <•go of l'ourteen I lived '9.i th on elder bt•otlio:t~ bf l\<l\r:\JlCed tibCJral aud philoaophict1.l oplliions, ~nd I aoon lost. (and have never siuce. 1•c;;:11iucd) all cn,pi\ci.ty of being- nffc:et<Hl i,u luy jndgmeut11_, eit.her by clerical jnftue1\c.e or l'C:UgiouB prejudice. Up t;o tho 't.icn0 v hen I fi-ra.t- became 11eqnni,ntud wit,\) tile facts of Spirit11al1~lU, I WM a coufil"tn~d plUlose)pltical llCCptie, tcj<Ji1;ing j o the works of ' 7 C>11:1tire. Stra.neiJ, and Carl Vogt, and nn n?dcut ado1irer (M 1 ~Ul still) of Hcrbm.t S-ptt'ue-t)r. I waa ro thoiough and oonfir1ned a rualieril\li11t th:<1.t I could not at tbltt tim~ find a placo. in my 11lind fot t liu conception oI spitit.ual exi~tence~ or for any other agcncie.s in I.he uuivcrac than m:itter and force. 'f'ai~ts, bowe,•et\ t\re 6tnbborn thing~. Aly coriMity \\'as at fir.st exejted by some alip:ht. but inaxpliea.ble pheno­lllcna. occurring in a friend's f1t.1nify, nnd·m.y desire for :knowledge and love of trat.h foreed t:ne to continue. tbo inquir\f, 'J'he fu..cbl bec~~toe ntore aud tl),Ol'C assnrcd1 rnore nnd nlore varjcd, mo1~e ilJ)d more rernoved fn:un nny-

• This date mu$& 1>e wrong: poili>ibly a typographital erro1:.

118 IJ1nl.A.N 11.A'I" u liE.

111!.og thli modem soienco l•ngb• or wodorn philosophy opeculal<>d on. 'l 'be '""'" 1-• me. Th•y eo1upellcd we w ...,.pl "'-• a• /t1<1', lolljl ~lo"' l could •"""P• the 'J"rilual t•rlon•tion of them: thero ""' At tllAl ·ti.ruu l tJO pl~c in my fabne of H1oul{ht irrto -..·hich it coiJ.ld be fitt"d. 1 .By alow d<:g.recs n place WM mu•loj bu~ 1t """'' w:1<lu, uot by nny pr\leOocolv"od or thtoretlc.:tl opiniuus, but Ly U1<i '!Olll.iuuous action or Fnob n1~r tu.ct, whi~h oonld uot. be "Ot rid of in 1\11)' other way. .So ruucl1 for ~fr. ;\.lltou Dohru'a tbcoey: of tEe ca,1sC,!J whioh led •ntJ to :lcccet Sl>it ituolhnn. Lob ult :now ton.sider t.he 1d:..i~Lu111Q 11 t. tu:1 t6 itk iue<unpntlbility with .No.t.1tt1t;\l Soloctitm.

h lJu.vi.ug, ua nboVe illdioote1l, bt•1.11l led, 1Jy a atri.ct> indualion Iron' f11c!ti1 to fl bOlicf-FirstJy, h the cxi•t.cncu or " ntuubt?r l)f rrct.otb\lmt1n int.-Olli­gcoooa of vArious gmdCB; tu1rl-..'.:.ccoodly, •rhAt. some o ibeKe lnh:JJi~onccR, altbuugb ua.ua.Uy io\'i&ibJe and iotn11~'1blo to us. C3tl and do act on nH•llt•r. and.. do Wft.ucncc om mind& r ""' t1ul'f1y foUo-wing a atrictlJ l<'frk:AJ aud ICieoli:fic courae ii) 4eeiug bow far lltia due&ri.nc will e.oab1e tt:4 to aceowll tot lMHJ\U Of tboeo reaidlllll pbcuu1ne11a which .Natural Sel~11 aloue will not t'~plAln. ln Lbe !0th Oha.11lcr ot ruy ('oRtrifµ,tioM to IAt 1'/f<11ri o.i .;Valfo•t1I St&:.:4'°11 I have pointed ou.L wh:~t. T con.sider to btl &om~ of Lhe,•c rciidu3l phenornenu ; and l h11vo 1i1u9gostcd lhat they mi.y ho Jue. to the aetJon "' BOrnij of tho ~atioos Jutolll(UilCCll nbovc refem-d to. 'fb lt vi~~ ,~,.,., bQ,~evcr, put foJ<Wa1·d with hQillbUJon, t1ud l roya.c;lf su~·•tod d.iHi· oliltlo~ 111 the way 4£ ita n00(1pt1\n¢1) ; but 1 u11)iotainec11 ;\ncl al.ill 1nflhll:t1fQ, tlrn,t jt h~ 6ut) whiclJ is: logi.::i\lly u:uu.blo, nntl i& io ))0 " 'llY iuCOlli1iatt nt. wlth ~ thu1·uug1.t. acceptance of the g r1n1d dochiJ)e of Rvolut.ion, through ~iU.untl SolocU.on, althongb implying (Alf, iudol.:d .. u>o.uy of t·he cllief i;u11port.c:.r& of tl.JAt doctrine aclulit) that iL iie 1lot t.bo All·powcrful, a11-!!nfficicot., aod ooly cau.c of duve16pmcnt of organic for1n1."

'l'he vol111ne conoludea with " A Defence of Spirilualism," re. printoc1, with notes and ei.d1lition1, from t-ls~ ForlHiy/ttly /:,,·c;,.r. Tbie ll<letion of me work is owin1111tly coo~ro<er>ial. Tl10 objcclor i1 nasisled over difficulties, 1111<1 tlto lulest facts nrc brotight rorwnrd io suetni11 t}Jo older na.rratioutt. '1'bo progre;:;s or Spiritnulitn.u. is t1·n.occ.l1 ibs mothod poinlecl out, iltlll i t.s n.iwa n-scerhl,iued. 1'ho "l.>ofquoo" c-0uel11<les ivith nu clo~t1ent •t"teooant of tho vnlllO 0( Spiritm1.li>m:i to humnui~y.

H 'rho tl.Mertiou ao oft-Ou nlnllO thtlf, S1Jil'ltu&H.1nu is the " 1rvh·1tl or rovivnt of ohl euperstitious1 is so utterl>• unfuuudod aJ to be hti-.r11Jy worth notice. ,\ solonc~ of human na.bu-e " •luc:h is founded on ohi;urved fut4 i ,.,.hi ch appei.le 0ouly to facts and cx.1H:.riu1cut j "·hich take. no belie.f'3 011 trual; wlllob i~uJcatea in\"e&li~lion and 11t•lf-['(lliauoo u t.be fi'6t..dnU,'1i of lnl(<lJl. cwt. bciop; •·hieh teaCbes that hnp11iUCM in a future life an be l601~reJ by c·ulti,··~ and de'"e.lopinlC to lho u.uoost the bjgb-u raenltiftl of our int.e1tt-clual 3nd moral nature alill ll!f"" olAtr mtlkdrc!.- is and 11u,1a.1 be lbe natUl'91 eoerny of all supendtion. Spirilulilllm is an experitunutit.l acienof.', a.nJ. affor~ Lbc only &lte- fouruludou Co.- a ltne- philooophy nnd I\ purt.• rcllglt11t. I t> 3obolish~ t.he cor,01a •1 t11111~nULLu(U]." and •· m~ruclu'' Ly tlll ex.Wli11iou of tho sphere of law l\r11I Lhu J.'cnlm of 11ati,1re i An<l 1u1(loing 4(1 I' tnJccB: up lUid explains '" hatnv1Jr ifl u·uo ln the t;uperntitions and IW~<:nllml mirac.lu» of all ~1geij. IL nnd i t nlt)l\O, ill 1't.blu to bar1nonili4'' ttl111JliuW.ug orucd&; nnd it wu&Ci ultinlntely lcmd l,u concord an}ong uu\11kh)d h) tho mall.cl' of religil)U, which hns fur if() W(UJY tiges beeu t·ho 1:.ou1·cc of un~ 1u~tu!C clittord ~ul incalculable Hvil ;-nnd it. will l>e a.ble to do thiR he<'nulle it appeaJa lo ~'·idence inslti.d of faith, ftutl guLtd..it.ut.ei fa.eta foT 01Uui<>01; llnd

UUllAN NA'l'UJtB. tl9

II I hus t\blc to tl-0-rnonatrato tho .SOllrr;e o·f mnch of the tenchiug th"t men 111.vt- fiO oft.en hold to be. di9inc.

" It will c.hns be !eCUt that ~h0$C •·ho can form no higher cooooplku1 of o,,. 'tsel or Hipiritnalism, i oven if tme.' than to detect _,rinle or to narue lu A•lvancc U10 winn("J' of tho l)orby} not only l)r'O'\'e tl1etr own jgnor~1J ceof thr whole 'lllbjoct, but, oi.hibit in fl 1n"1·ked dcgro(1 tl1~t l>a . .rt.jnl 1nonbd 111uvdysi$, t l10 1·c1H1lt of n cc•11tl1ry of Ol(lLOtil)liJ!,tie thoUghh, which \'cuduri $0 1111l11y men u11Abl~ geriously Lo concei\·e ~ho po.SNlbility or I\ ua.tu·ral contb'Hll\.· lloo of hunonll uro after ll1e clcntb or I.ho body. n will be _,, nl"" tha; tiC11iriLualillln ia no mere• p.rchological' (!11rios:ity, no mere indit:atiou of 111omc hitherto unknowu 1 l11w of 1'.la.turo ;' Unt th.at H1 i• n 11eierice of Vl\JL •·~t.tnt1 ha.vlug the "ridcsC, ll.10. 'tl101St iln))OrUlut1 a.nd tho cnoi.t prf10Uenl l~11u_osi anfi :i• 8ne.h should coliat tJu~· tty11111nthiea aUko flf 1uo)·;1.lirsl.&1 tihllo~ 1n11l1ct'.':, anti poHticians, und o~ :tll "'bo L.o.vo at heart Lhc improvcro.onL of 1oeie~y nnd U10 pe.l'TO."'\Denlt e.lc,ation of huwAn llilt.ure."

ln • Jhoal p•rngraph, Ibo reader i8 lbua admoJiisbed :-orn COllCltuling th.is UOCOS"l\rily iIDl)Ql'rO(:t; thottgll 81)UlOWh:tt )(,t llgthy

11aoount of n ou1Jj6(:t ~boul wliit:h 1:10 1itt o i4 1)roba.bly known t.u utOllt. of 1ny 1ufl(.I01'.ii.. t WQ\lld Ct\ruest.l)" beg Uicw 1lf1t to satisfy lhomael\'e& wt~h $ minnte c-dLici;un of ai.ngJc ruct&, th.e evidcnc~ ror which in my brief turvcy 11ta.1 be imperfect.; but to weigh careJullf Ute was1 o( eYideoee I hnTt'I aitduced, C'>uMdtri.ng ill wide range a.uJ Yitriona bca.ringa. I wl)(lld ask 1t.\ln1 to look rRther at tho SJJ•t•Rt result& 1•1·odu<:.ed by tho t!\·idtinco t,hf\-n at tllO e·videucc iUl<ilf ~~ i1n1>0rfo0Lly Htittetl by roe:~ -M coni;ldcr tho Joug roll 11f 1ue11 <>I' nblHty who, oon1n\co.oio..,g th() inquiry 1\8 MC1Jptica, left i~ t1R lK"lieve-rs. Anti to gif"e thctlu 111011 credit tor nu~ h&v:i1•g overlooked. durin~ ~rs of paUtnl inqnity, d10icullieti: which a&. ouce occur to tbctmtth't.l1&. 1 would uk tl1cu> to p<H><ler well oo th• f•ot, tbai. no """"°"" and t>Atlen~ lnqolrcr boa 4'V-Cr coltlc to• conclusiou odv\:MJe to t.lu: reAlrt.y of tbe l>hc110-111onii; arid U11•e no Spiritunl h't htvt C\'Ol' yot. given thoro up nl:I ral@e, I wonlJ. :--~k tl\Oin, (i naHy, to dwell upon tho Lou<? ~st?ri-.rlJ ol foot!:; iu humlHl btiltory t hat Spirilnt\lism l'nc-rll'.\ illa.. aud ~u ~he n<il){eal.td aiariRiying theory of • ruturc li!o th•• it unfolda. If they will do u.;,,. I fed coulidu11L lhnt Ute rMdt I ba"u alone a.irned ftl will be M.iained; whith is. to removo U1e prejudiees n11d u\iiieonf.eJ>tlons "Tit-h• lfhioh the w-bole •11bjeet bns \)ocn ltlrrouudud. l\nct to iuc.it~ to nnbiasscd n111I persevering ()XIUninat;ion or Lho focti;, For Ille: c11rd~nn1 tiJlixiu1 of$pirltunlia1n is1 that O\'Ory c>ru~ tnu~t 6nd out the trulh ror hilngelf. Jb Wilk~ no cl~iu\ t.o b(,J. l"(IOCived OU LcO.r8"y ovidene6 i but on Lhe u~h(•r h.'ll\d, i' dc1.0aud# thAt it be uot rejected wiU1.out. J•tient? lu:>nl:•"- and fea.de111 inquiry:,

ln ftll iippondix, Dr. C~rpenter OOlllO~ in for tron.ttJJent., and th6 Ylow of tlmt physiolo;iiottl wrJt'1lr thoa·oin set for~h ia ccrl·niuly 110~ very tlnttcring to hUi 011mlonr. 'l'he followiug little pol'801rnl ntlrrative '''ill show ltu\v ;i.nxious tlJe tlouOOr i.s lo sh-0\v ilic purity or his ignoranoo respee~ing S1>i~il11ali.Jm :-

''.In tho l!Jlri~g of 18117, ..-hen I. hlld obt•ined "!'• pl'O(>f• of forco in Urti.ng (not turning) a. tablo (tu1. dflt.·nlc<l nt p. 132) l 11)vJtcd Vr. C:1.rpont.ct' LO ltttcnd <51'.1•110 eittillb'11, with evety !'rfJhnl1lllty o( bcil1~ nhle to ahow i ho t1he11om.e:l'IA. Tro Q~mc. 011ec., 'rt'c sitUug wn!l< notve1·y &ucc~Mful, mpet\lHI l•I"' of mrylug ciliarl\Cler belug alone produced. Althougb 1tro11gly 1•••'"'"I t,o do so he W.«r a.u. W)'(tilf. \lfith Profe&Wr 'fy-uU.a.H e-iactJy du> en.tue tiling oc......-..1. Re C>.U)O onoe, and Jocline<l to coiuq ng>in; •ltboU/(11 lnrorooed ot l'tu•no1nenl\ ,.,.hJeh hnd re1>01't.01.Uy oc.:cttrrcd iu 1ny 0"·11 hou~, Which he could uot ~XJ> laiu, n.nd whiQh I ht1d ovary re1"8(1n to bclicvo WORid

120 UUMAN NATUltE.

oeou.r in hi.a: prc111.1nee if he would only give three 01· -four tilhOrt· 1itt.ingS ~ lh ... in•miJ;>tlon.. A!o"' ....,.nuy Dr. Sluu-P."1 ond Profeosor Siok""' S.C~ of th• Royal Society, rclliaed the umtotion u( one of Lheir o"" Fellows1 l\1r. Crookes, to wit11cM e:rperiwi::ut& which Iormecl the aubjec' nf n. 1m.per offured to ti111/ Society. "\Vhere we iu·o vngnely fl.1)1.l gcueral11 AOouaed of '\tnitorm1y rcl'tu;lng' t.o produce certit1.iu l>roofR, it ifl ODly righ\ tlu•t t.bo J!Ublie! 1hould know how our 11eienlille op1>01u•uti .receivo our oile,. to o.x.ltib1i e,·n more coneluaivc prooft. \\' e n1nst abo reroembor 1.hAt Dr. (:arpcnte-r ~ ~oqut\inted with lhe e•idllncc- of the DiAleoti<:SI Cou1mittee, ol Setje:µit Cox, of ~'le. CtQokc11, of M'.r. VA:r)ey, and -0f royM!lf> na to the mo·fc. .. mo:nb ofhe.i.cy olijc.ctfl enth•-0ly without uoutact of t-hn n1cdiu1n or Auy oth~ prirac)n i yet in 1874 he cnu rWduce n9tWng but tho utt.er1yexploded and abnOtt. fbigc>U.crn • tnb1o tu.rnlug' of Fa.tnd.Ay, as wol"t)\y of not.iac,1~ •

Wit.h !hi~ brief 011J.liuo of such 1\11 import1U1t work, onr readers \vill not rc~11&in, satisHocl. nind ao \vo ha.ve lUnclc arriuJgamenf.ia wl!oreby they c:nu ~o RllJl)!lie<l with copies nt Jo.a .than wholes•lo 11r100. The book lS pubhahed A.I liA., but on &ending to Ibo pub­liel10r tho cheque from the beginning of ll1ia unmbcr, encl06ing Ss. Od., tl10 work will bo given in oxcli&ngo; if i! bas to be sent pm· post, O•. J Oil. must bo remiLLed,

WILL-AD I LI TY . •

Tn1a work ]>rOC•od• to attain au iui1iorto.nt result by u viiriety of methods. The chief 1>im of the nulhor is pbiltwt.hropy, nud this ho endeavour8 to supporl by philOllOpby founded on Ibo facls of mtu•'• nature. H~ cnnuql conooivo of m011 oeing improved by vin<liotivo vnnisbmenta, ~.J.lhe <l.iJlOJ'ODOC.S AlnOllgst men 110 points out to be orgauln; n.nd n.e men bo..J 110 choice in t.hc cir61101at.futoc.11 LhAL gave imperfection to lhe organism, they abould not, therefore, ho visited wilh any other conBe<tuenoos than lhooc whlel1 11atnrally nriRo ou~ of the posscssic>u or such crooked memoers. '.L'he vieiot1s shonl<l be 1nndo Lhe objects of mo•·oiful tret\tmout, as U1oir nll!io· Hons are o.lr-0ady too hnr<l for them t.o boar. Goodness, gui<led by a lrne pbil1M1ophy, 110 recommends•• the only proj)Qr coune open to society in re.peel lo the treatment of the io1lividnal.

By a J;crioa or very ,,~ou<lerl'ul aucl i us~ructivo ru .. cta in cln.irvoyanco, &e., be argnoa that tho fuh1re ol' Hio individ11t1l i& a tixcil and

• \\'ill-AbltltJ• or, Mind •nd its TIUitd t'onditiou and Cltpaciti.,.: ~ a Dlhttt&tion 11nd '&pla:p•tiQn or the MyUfT)' or M.iu.J~fM'81 or llttlt•l "olitioo, 1\111 flX~roii;ed in c:Qnl rolling onrsclvc:; or the thoughts. feeHu!fs, 11u~ act11 or ot.ht.r1,.; (lXO'U\pU6ed Clll )JC-Oinlly a..'I to the Jattol' ~1lp!lbifiti~,!J. by the fi\(.uJty uf 'El<!cttfl• 6iologr or Anhnul .llagoetism, aud the fnllu~nc:c of Fiu11..tfn1,1;iou. Jll11~ll·11ted by Ft& AJto. Obtt."n'ationit on Ute OOfl.Hl}u.c.uces ..tff'Oted in ut through the Quality j)r Oornittloh of Faith .ad &!U •• ..f. or &Jr.will OJ.1tntiOP. as inauf:nMI. hy the Phnmologh,'O.t Otgsn or .Ho~, ancl tnll~ into ACU¥ti being tllrOug:h ti .. a~11~y of Edu«i.tlon or PunuMion, 1u1tl o~h11r men~, U Charma., 81,1fl1$, and Amnlets1 'fQ \t'hlch a~~ IHI.led .R.a:snya on li'ree.-Wil1> t11Hl Fate. Dclitiny, 11.u4 Ju~rlt:able ,Nl'cOMlty.i• Jly .TOJ1<.·ph H11n1l11, ll.lt.O.S.. snd M.r.s., &c. CloLh, 21. tSd. Lcmdon: J, Bu""' JS Swtb1nlptoaa &w, ,V.C.

HUMA•'<' NA'IU!lE. 121

1••Lorno.l fact, that our fate is alreaay actcrminea, and enelt net is 1~ necessity. Circui:nstances dixect our c)loiee, so t,)H\t free-,..;ill ia '"' 11bsurdily. He tlefiues freetlom as permission for the individual lu llAiliieve that for which he has the desixe liu<l ability. Freedom I• on]y >elalhe, and legisla.tion •-houlcl be direotc1l to the end of •010W'ing the individual that freedom of notion which his rel.live •l1tto of development demands.

Mr. Hauds is one of the oldest investigators of mesmerism in f1ouilon, and has been peculiarly successful fo tl1e <levelopm,eut of oJn.irvoyants. The extraor<lina.ry oitrrati .. ·ea, interspersed \Vith the lltore reileotive portions of tho work, 1·cw like o. faii·y talc. ;He wns Ibo friend ofElliotson, Ashborner, and ol.11er ltislorical invesHgalors o( psycbology. He is also a phrenologist and reformer in matters •ne<licill and spiritual gouorally, and with a ri1>0 scbolarabip and mru:kod nbility !or odginalily of t.bought. '!'his work on "The ''rill" is aeeply int~rcsting nud instructive. If our SJlMG pormitled, we w-011 ld gla<lly give e~tracta, but ~he

work is so cheap I.bat it is with.in i·each of the most humble ren.<ler. \Ve. do JJ<Jt uecest:1arily inilQ1"Se all that is w1·ittCn there.in, because lnuch wight be. said in antit.hesif1 of whnt, is advaneecl. The Yie"r of mnn is no dot1bt apiri•ual in result, but taken from the in<luc· ti\'e or 1naterial side. '!'rented dcduotivoly, as in tho sorics of Ot'l\tions by Mr~. Tnppn:n, nt present beiug reported i.tt the M•<iium, the nspoet changes apparently, yet. in xettlity ·the resl)lt is itlentical. Withoul asking the render to noccpt wliat is. presented on either loand, we wnrmly recommend l·he perusal of such worlis as the one before U•. There is no better fcnt.ure of hnman ehnrnotcr Utan for the ripe and experienced lo r.ome forllt and labour for. lhe iMl·rt1e­tion of tho age in wlii.ch ~bey live, arid uo one ia heifer eirlitle<l $0 a res1l<Jel{ul hearing thnn the author be(orc' us. We predict an early call for lria other wo1·ka 0•1 the great philosophical and lmmanitarian proLlems of the tlay.

JT 0 PE. ('I'o ur CcnrsrN, lt1.on . .\ I+".)

ll£nl! \VO live aod we lo'f'c, Aud \\'e look up ~l:iove

:\\tith a longing that clings. to the heart­"l'~s· thC ho1}0 that. \\'hen death Stil11:1 our life-hea\•jng breitth,

In yon blne realms we'll mect. ne'oc llo p;u-t ..

Oh I wh~ll U101·.o \vo ilo inll~~. Thi.ok, door Florr., ho"~ sweet

:o-rwill be tlulu ~o l<H~k back t o t-lle da.yis, )\~en we h~re ~midst this .scene, No-..v SI> d&rk, now ee1:el:l.e,

Oft consoled tlfl wit.b •ympathy's gni<e.

•

122 Let lhe gocllt<IO declare That "ti• folly to daro

Hope for lilo wLuu immutetl in the grave; Nature e'en W U1cir b~) Tellll thu frRmO hold• R. gu0&t

, Which no wnt.er3 of TAtho oau Jn,·u l

In nll 1\808 l1ct voice rro1npt(!.d 'nl11.n to rojoice

For tbe tidinga of gladll<\,. it temle..00; Aud roan aca.red o ff despair, For bil aoul fel~ nwnro

'TwM Ibo FalA<r lhal ho110 lh111 engendered.

•·r.<m•Nca, 6IA Fth., 1s;:;,

MAN TUA NS-OORl' OREA. L: t rn: SlJllSTANOJ!:. RA1'1llHl ·ru,\N 1'11E SEU.DOW O"W 'J)llll nt:llu.t:

MA'J.1,l~ltlA.L At~u~.

( Jj!I 0. n. P...!DCLlltl'R. i1' t!UJ O()illdllffJOrary Re!iitu:, Dec;:m/Jft, 1t41.&.,) 11 ll I.A t10 f'!'rt of my )lhili;a!l(l~lT to ~urn away from seriou1' thO\QShh wbca thoy

U. before nw. '"-&uMq: ~ IJ0(40,.. •

h Wl'ln what he seems to bO- al fi.nt JJiRht. body and litUe if &nything cl1.-, or Is ho more, much more, lhan U1ia P JI.as he to be rei,'llfdoo !rum an A.riatotelian or from a Pltttonio polnt or \'io.w!* In Ute preseol mauer-of· ,..,, days, when Arislotolliiuiom ii llO much in tho llBOeDdant, litdo hcod. I ,,,.,,, lJ likely to be Jl"id foe> l.'lato, aud ltlll loRR to $.Paul nnd 0Lhcni wh­cll\i1n w ret'orenta.ttention i-5 e\'on i:;rentor than t.t:u~.t of Plaio; and it. gri~\'08 mo t.bol, it.llhonld bo soi for, iu tTnlh, iL {a not "\i th those 'vhc> lll'O oontouL 1i0 look ab 10~11 through the oyos or J\ risloUo that l find mygclf i11 emnpon7.

~ro A riawllo the things of sonHO. ru·o iu ovofy lwi.y real. An.v such Hung, his ow11 body for io.alRlwe. he l'Cf.ll'dB na n eoillpoun<l Jn:ulo dJ) of 11>.-. 11\l\ttor, l\lHl ,rr;; j'or1n, tho lotto1· boloj( tho tntc substA.uOO. tlJo cr1n1:1Htuont olo1n~nt., tho funnative ptinoiplo, Lho ()t\Orgy by \\1l1ieh the thing ill i1rt.il11c(ld and OOU8titutad and actu11lized. '\Vith tbo crx.eoptiou of n1ind, u"', whlch is regnrd1.1d 11R 3 manifestation of pure ,a., peculiar to mt\u, all tho VRried plu~ses or Ure hel t.lnging to man iu cornn;on with plantsaod alliut•le ARI bold to ha•~. in gteQt. pa.rt a&. least. a material bA~$&, to be bodily fu.netioos. Let tht1body of man die, and all the lilo bo.li>uging to it dies ab;o, cx.C'lpt mind, ...,, 1"ltieh ia oupposed to joiu lh• bod1 oomotime beforo birth, and to tab 1.-.. ·o of the body at death, and which, •K pure ,a11, is irnl.esCrucLililia. Aris· toLlo dON not oooeeru ltimself '° u1ucJ1 with Ute life be1ongin.g to puro Jt,, 'iVhOLher m~nifestod in hu111H.n n1iu.d. or iu t11e FirsL Ca.use, B.$ wit.It Ou) Jffo \\•hleh bns t.o do '\'it.h tJ\e body uhule n]) "J)tu·tly of Z>.t1 n.nd l1-&rtly of

• ".Uvury man is born A.n Arletut-Oll~u.i. or A PJafo1'i11t.." So "n'l'Ot& Snnlutil T1~r.hll' (JfJ1t!r1•l.{tbt~ 1ul eo nleo ''f"rote :b~re<lllrfok V(•I> l50-l1h1sel, nhe aoe, it tul'J' be, rto1>011U11g un"HLlngry Lb(l n)tf)tl.J'k of the otb-0r. ) loroovor, b!r. Erskine, Qf Lhil" thou, e:ahl aomothins to Lb& &afn" c(fcQt; in a. con\'"C!r11~tfon l lul;d wi~h him ui)t loog lJoJoro hia do11Ch • oon•etaaJiofi to whi~JJ l ahM1 tUw1~y .. look back whh 111~li11faotlon .. • nlt111ur11iblc lllUHtqe in my own lit~.

KUMAN NA'.l'UllE. 123

->>11 - w:itl: t~.tat. life, in shol't,_ ~{ whieh, a.s bei;')g more or l.ess eo~ueoted \fhh J>.1\1, i t 1~ right (.() say thac1 in pl\r t. at lelt$h it hiti:l u 1)lll.t~r.11U bas1a. T·I G •u11i1<>1>os tbo First Ca.use to b~ purest,~,, ahd the1·eli.lr(} life in a. prc•('.1ullHn1t 111111~<1: but he shuts ot1t· n1a.n from t.his source of life by malting tho First 41111•110. for 1'H pn~eticul purpoaea. e.xtra·mnnd~ne : and ho is oonfant to tnce­tho }lfo of JllO..O. t..o tho j()1nt wo1·kiltgir •>f t1ie huiliUJ:l iuiud ahd body . N~X, fl J11 ~curooly unfair tO aa.y that he is moro oonteu.t to i:efe.r thia to U:u1 ~~·, 1+11tiJring int..t> ll1e constitution of the body tht.n to the it~01 . and t11a.t he now ta11tl then .st'J(UUS to couiOllud t.lto:.-ie Lwo ~l~rneuts, by apen.king of U.\.11-as if i~ "11r6 oU but actually itls1, and of ,r?•t as if i t might be ao far mn.teriu.listi(l 101 t(> come 'vithi11 t,hc: reach o( IJto senses. In i\ word, iila,n, fron1 nn Athst.otelhu1 poiot of view, ig tu Le rega.rded nR ~1 beiog wiUt ,.,~how the Th'.'Jt t 'nuso bus notlllug to do, and who owes obMienecouly tot.heht.,Vsof naturc .. n bciug who it.t 1.uoat. is not ·n\ueb more tban mere body, 11.ud ,vJuX:>~ .bocly

h1 of the earLh earth~·. in tl1111. it may be t.he 'Pr<.>dnct of a law of de.\•-Olopment ~ b\' whjeh iuo~nnic u1atter has been gradually uHtda to sha1>e itsclf! thruugh v;u·ious lower iorcns 01' being, pcthaps. ovcu tbrough \V<) 11u1.n, into )UILll.

'!'he vi6wi;, ()f Pktto a.re ~u ever.y 'vay orp06ed to t,heso. 1\.riatotlw1·lfgnrds ~lh.l thingi; of t101h1e aa being reR11y what th.,y Saeru to be: Plato, otl Lile. oth~r hllud, cunslders tbem os ntero l)lutJH.<)tUs, except )A ~<'> fnr as they derive t1•6lity from t.hiuga tr:.1JJscendlng sense, to whjch· he gh•os lhe .uafuc~ of iii.cu, ~lt11t1, lhc Lhiugs of souse being, in ff,l!t, r>nly copies or ad1.101brations of these l1li!ns-a view ttccordin~ to \Vhieh the world of appE),a.r».ueeH, the nu11:cfi;l 1 world. botdi> fro1n the i1.1<.u1l world tha.tshinea thl'ouq,h it ' ' its entire oxisteuce In fee." E\•ctywbcre, lllOrOOver, P h1to ii; -be.nl· on J't'C()$Jllish1g I\ ,Pl"inciplc or uni~y iu o:ndtiety l\JHl ol multi()ty in \urity. by '''hlcb nll things ore bt>nnd togetb~r so 1\.~ ~, IJe m,aUy and ~tnally one-, not only with: C.M~ othur. but-1\l!lo w1U·l ~ Dn·1n~ Bollig w~O JS a.t ouce tl1o lcue ce.J)tr~ of ~Ulo/ ,!lU<l the. l~nly sou.roe of bemg-who is nlso not merely tJ1itt. wluch is d1v1ne, b11t dlvinil,y peri;onjlied, not n1erely -.o ~ri.w, but O ~iir. "\Vbcu, » SfLys :M'uu.rice, •1 we ui;e pcrSOnal liu1gu:lga to dcse1ibe the God of whom I•Ia to speaks, wo ((!el IJ.tr1t w~ are usiUg that \vhjch anit.<J l.luist \\•ith hia feelings {l lHl principles. oven though, through re\'erenee nud ignoroueo, he fo rbca1·1; Lo use ·it lti1usolf. \Vheu we llW pe1i1(1uill la.uguage t.o desctihe tl1e d~ity of .!\.l'istotle, we feel that i t. is improper nnd uusuitable, eveu if, thi:ough deference to Ol'dillttit'Y nutures, or the difficutty of inv-0:uling 11uy othar, lu~ re:;orl..~ Lo it hi1ns.elf. '.L'heology Oflll h fl\'Q no CQrtllex.ion wiU:t tlie Syi;te (U u r .Ai'iStOLI.(~ . !) Ou tho QU~er hl'Uld, Pht.tonism has ita vocy basis ill theology. Indcod. Pin.to may be descrtbecl Ma clev<1ut t ron£i<·:.audentn.li"l " 'hO co1.1ld ve:J'Y well be1ieve thn.t 1h6 gods u1ight >11>1,aa..r H.1nong n1eu 9$ men, fuld agnio di.sappon'r, and ll1nt 11H~rt, withou& ruty mi)·o.Clt), tuight uudergo correipondiug changes, lJecnosc 110 be1ie\•e(l ju the n>ateria.l. world :iS a<nuethiug which wns capable of being 11 l e:1i.liz~d l l l' ij})iritualb:ed ao ns to be ni.pL uwily from the seuHes, l\ud in tJ1a iduo.l alJ.d spili Lun.l worl<l ui; soi:ncUUug uot uususccptiblo of that 1naterio.L change by 'vhich it could C<)tnE} witb.in the renoh of the senses. \Vithout bcl0-g iucousle:t.o~t \•.:i~t his p.riuc::ipJei; its a philoRopht:r, Pl.a.to <:ouh1 uut ho othur t:ho.n religious tu (),ne wa.y 01· (lllOtJle1'. In Ml smccrity, ho mny lHivo fulfilled the last wjsh of Socr~te.$ hy oft'criDg in person a cook to Ais.klepioa. Dnt not w Acil:l;totle, who actually would have been put to de~tth:fcir nt.heiam. If he had not esea1>~d f ror.o .Athens to Cho.leis, and i·cwnincd there ever nfce1·, even uutil h is dea th in a:t2 D.C. At aH e''et)ts, helieviug aa ha did /11 lhe subordiut1tio~' of the nl11>teri11t hody to the idaal body- of the ,~-)""..;..1v to &he J)illl, l\Dd in the doet.riue of unity, l?hlt-O could not by Rny possibility refer life in nuy o'f ha mRuy l\..~pecta to.(l JD.tlterial basis, or believe that lliftn \'(<as ll#ls Llillll a Leing whos.e 1u1.ture, iu vel'y deed, wa$ congenel'ous "i tb that of 1.lte Di vl.ue He.lug.

124 HUMAN NA>l'.llRE.

Nor i~~ ~iffor•nl lu~~uu to be found i1t lh.e pages ll'hieh eonttlin what~,.. fol' tne sucn1d l_ltt·C,rl\t~c~~- .li'or ,-.,}10;L is: Lhi$> '? It ~$ th~ Go1.l ia a,ll in a..11.J 1111{l d1l),.t nuu1 •s the "un.ago of (tod." L:t God ·•we hve, t'l.:11.:l ulove, ll.na. have ouc beir.i.g.'' " ny t-iirn a.11 things oons!st. ,. l~hc. icl(:!it.. of ullity is ~hns, without <:.c.1u(usiou, ~\~"1;.t>Ciil.IAttl with that (I( diversity, nud the. idcl\. of clh·~t· s\ty with thlit of uuity; th.Q· o.ssQciiltio.u hold ing good,, even as 1·eg~l-"'1~ U~vinit.,r itself. l~nollgl1 j.a said. moreover, to illit.k0 it n.acei;{:l:u:y {() ,001.icvo t.:H11. LlHu-1;1. ii; in 1u1u1 Uu~t which is JJeyoud the rcoch of the senses, a mttu ttar1.s-cor1)oreal. as wall a~ il nutu i:(irJ>l>reaJ, a body cclcstial·o.nd itnmorta.l ().$ wdl as tt body terrestrial and mo.rta.l, tlu~ c>n~ in every "'fliY real, the-other CJuly ap[>l:\rel\t•, th.$ or113 '' t.l:O. house Jlot mndo with lui..nda, et~rn~l in tho hunvaus/' Stoud " urei>ll11C w~t.lt thQ f11>~'(l "; tJie otJleJ: Rtl 6ii..rl.hly L1'.bOro.acle, bul.\teoso1nu -i.11 Ci!_pry sense, ,ut.k~ un<l "ahsenL Jroo1 tllc Lord.'' t·he botly terrc~trfal being s1:11n.elJ)il1,g which is tll be., uot flUt. oft', M by a. proc;eas 0£ u11-clulhln(l. bnL l(l"i/~11#-rtpo11., n10\'tllli.ty.b-ctug &Wt\llowod up in life, death it\ victor.>'· "l~or w:c know Ll..tut-jf ~u~· eatthly house of U1is· tnbernt\clc. bo dis"Sulveit, 1"1q Jin,ve· ~ bui1dln;:; of God, au 11ougec not nlado \Vi tlt ht'U~!i., ~LUr9aL in U1e ltc:a \• (nt~. i.-01· h1 this wo grotUt~ '*u:neatly desir·iug to ~u oW1,/u.'<'·"POrt· wit1J O\ll' house whh~h i-s U·o.m heaven .,.; fixn1"1't10 +iµ,N, -rt }(. '"t"uU i~hlW"vJsu i'X'1'1'6h,;f.,.tl; if s;o lie th11.L ~eing clothed \Ve shall n(lt ll-e fvund uukecl, ·•r ,... ~llf~ i.iw~f"''"'r, 6i.. 1'111"'16) s:;,,1,,,fy.1~. Fol: we-th&t ure-in this t."'lban\:,w.le do gn>uu., .he'it1g b'unleued ; .not fOL' tlmt: wR w<.nlld be 1-ou;fotlwtl, but (:lotluxl· tt)>t>n, tbnt iuort{l.Hty 1uight. be swallowed np of life, l~t·l~ 6i lh.414 .. i~4~,-.~;/,,", «->-->.' i'1"u)W.a::,.J«r, 11t,. .11r1n'tMrJ/R r.O l 1t1S<T-'1 :},, ,,.~t { .... 11~ . . . 'l'here· f1.>rU we· ~re alwnys oouijdent. kno,ving that ~·hibt we a.re at 1to1ne iu tha body wa ure ithscnt, froln tJ11) Lprd (for we wa.lk hy fa-ith. nud not by ai~bt): we ~n·c. coufideot. 1 sny, and willing rather Lo be 4bseut fro1n t:he ho<ly, i.md '" La present with the Lord .. ,

\Vhtt.t the11? Is the1-e tt. \\la.Y out of these clifllcultics which mRy be metdll i n :some 01<*l.Snre p$SS1tble.? No, I sa.y W those who reqoire a ron<l nloug e·>'ery sta.~c of which .Ut<iy mny ri.tlt> or drive luxudQusly, and no, more ew1>hl'tt.i<::t.Hy st.ill, to those who 'vfnlt t.ho s1;eocl nud unso of a i11ilw11.y fot tbci.r joui·110.vjnj(: ~·e~. I !:!~LY to a.ti who are ·eonteut 'vitb·n. foot... path. a.l1vn.ys j U tnll.(le and often 11ot ino.du a.tall, and who l ulv~ plettsnre in tha i:lr.tivo nae. 6fLheU· li111bs. And whllt I ha.vo DO\V to do is to try il.ud tllt1ke good thi1:1 lo.twr sh'tt~ment '~ b-est I nu\y i11 Ule JSpace :\t my disposal.

In $CLting tlbQut tbia 1;1\11.k I s ha ll oec:upy 1nyaelf cl1iefly witJL.the oonsi· der~~iou of tU(l.ltCl-S t-Ol~t.iug to 1ni1ul : l!nt I hU.\'U itlao sonu:ttJ1iug I.<> !:18>)' ali6uL ~1ly, (1f t\•hjoh o. part UH\Y perhaps be s:o.,id 'vith ad\1antQ.gc bafore vr(leecdwg fu1·cbar.

, In Ktten11>ting 00 aunl)·~ tho p h<iuomcna of body, it.is diffic:ult t,o l(e~p jn the background the pbeoo1neua.. whieb nro supposed t..o bcl1lug more excl u­sively to miod. 1'here ia in ihen1 e'i'idently m.orc tha.u what is seen. The Yi!Sible hody i.s co1·tQ.i.uly tn:msi tory. 1'he matter Qf w.hich i t ia ml\cle jg in ·a. fi l..ftte tJf endless flux. J\!1ttf.tr is continuo.lly passing from Uu) in<>rga1.tic '~·orl<l ill.to iht) orgl\nic, n.n<l iron\ tbe ori:toni,o bnok aga.J:n into the inorgo.-lli:c~ No cteatw:e is Cot loug bnil~ up ()f tha sa.111e 1!1R.f.etial, aud,_ in ftloC, the si.me· u1aterinl serves .s.uoocssh•cly for the bui1dit'1g up of countles..-. cw<~ut.urffi;.. And yaL uo..derly in~ tbi$ oeit.<Jeless flux is 8011\Cthing nbiding, a.rcho.tr1)n.J, spiri­toal1--$9n1(lth1ng by which tbaso. 0ver-H<>ati11g atc'nng afe ·fo.t t11e t:i1ne oonu pelle-d t.o tuk~ upo11 tbcm.sol~es the bodil.v fol'tu in whiclt they arc nhw.t.ifested to tli.e seuses,-som~t1.1 ing whicl1 ho.ldi=J the sa1ue 1·alRLlou to .the ordinary body n~ th:\t which is: held by Uta Platonic n~#· fl) tl)C Platonic-t}')..,~~r. ·Or. by th~ bf1dy <~elestial to the bOdy l.errcstria l. \ ViLh<>ut Sll.C:h &nnoU1l1jg lhe oxdiuRt.f bo<ly is. 1;.i.1np1y nothing. Ordinary lx)dy, iu idtort, must hold i ts: vety ei't.istencc in Ceo fi·cun ~virit, and there is no oscnpc fr(nU this conclusion,.

1.25

U •r'6vor. tll<l lro~ of .,..hetyplll uni!)! wbi~h ""' orarywbcro pl!t'Ceplihla ,._ ltu) 01JC9nlo world may be looked npon "" •upplyin,q c'ridence t0 the ait~llO fllfl"Clt: ro, may 11ot. lheseshow that the butlioa tit di:tTerent Jiring cn&ltal't..'t •r• oot lhiu,:ca apart. l\3 they would aocm to bo nt fi1"11t t.ight. buL parts of " (11111nootud wliole which has i~ real foundl'\tinn in lbo nnily oJ tho f)ivino Ut•lug1 l n ll 'vcird, it ls imposaible tn 1·01'1t &.o.lisUod uritl). the concl11 '4'ion •ll11t i1lio bndy of wbi<ih the 1Se1u1.et1 ta.l<o oognti t\nCf) ifl nJ.l iu uU: an1l t.ho lli•WO Llio lllRtler D looked in to in Olla W1\)' th., 11111t6 it becon1c3 ovldont 1.l111t U1I~ botly la JJ(> nH)rll lho.n t.h6 copy or n1huuhrul.i.ou of tl1c ren.1 h()fly'. Ju. 1ll)od1 it; is nQt hupossible .that the hoc:ly tcrrcstr. iol mny tuuJergo I\ <~bn.n.qoo llku I lint ol' which F l'a Angelietl. ru\d Rl\ph1..el lu~ a ' ' ii.;ion \~·}}CU tllt}Y W(ltfJ h1Apirod t.o J>Oint the transfiguration or Chri"L i u the immortftl works wl1i,·h ...,.. y6t 1.0 be &em:t in scaroe1y diminiJd1od. l twtte. i11e one in froseo 011 1 ho •'4'll·w&1J of 1hc oonvent of S. llJ\.mo flt flt>rtn~ U1e ut11cr on the a1nv"11 114W in tho VlltiCAn~~r liko llsat. whioh "" &xt!u.1plifiro ruore nr lPA fully iu &fotet wl1en be had to veil his CQUnteaJWtu. nr tu "Elijah at t11a moruent. 1Jf his lht.ns.la&ioo. or in Ananias. A:r.arlat. Rnd ~fiisa~ in 1Ju~ laid.it of «ho lery (u,ruaco. or in the d.iscit>ltuJ At Lho dftY of PP.ttl.E!ci>iL twheo, perhap11, It 'llllUI uot .upon the he!Mkme.rely t~l\~ che tongues or tire rc-ste_d}, nr in Sl41t>httn. whu11 1113 couutcnance abone like Uulll or o.n 11ngel. or ui. tbu ovnngelt~c 11hilit)1 whoo he \f(la c:sughi. nwit.y tl·ool Hu~ "it14 oC tlt~ eunuch anrl t\uuul 1'g1,l11 11t .Azolus-a.. chw~e wl1ic:h i~ uYidouUy nkh\ fQ t.hnt \vbioh pfi1$~t'l'l ovbr 1111'.> liotly of ()h_rist. uot.onl)1 n.L 1110 n'l.l11" lij{uolllt' lk, bnt. oJso wh~u I.I) \'I l\lkod \lpou the a&I\ of 0-alileo, or vnoiMhC:d t:roLU cbe aogry t·row~l nt Nnt.l\rt1U1, or we-uL obout, now vi1Jiblo, ni)\\' hl,•isible, after the ,~(\Uti·cction, -u hi>lly wWcb mJgh t. be Tealised io Oosh ~t on4' n1ll1uen&, l\Ud ropt il'l!.'11 \• t'rlJlll tl'o sonises fl.t th& next. and wl1ich h11.1 U1u. so.ma -relAtion tn 1.ho. l>ott)' tcm.ut1ia.l IJ111I the body celestial may bo ~upl)f»ed ui haTe. Al.Id to 1uy mJncl ic ti. 106ro euy to enb)rtain lliil bcliol cJ1a11 to Ttf,joct il

l>u.iug on to tbo cousidcra.tion of mental pbooomcna. it is d.ifficuU to proeeed rnr wiUaout pcreciviog lhat '!"fry path of inquiry leads ib l,he !llOlO dirtcdoH. ne Utal ••hiob ~ just 00.,11 fn•lff'•letl wJ1ea ~k;ng C\f tho ptwuou\OUI-' be_k,---nging to body, and thnt thu uo.ly perf>lexdy liea in lho oholoo or tl10 pt1lh &long which it ruoy bl'I wito to plo(l in the lint. inetnnee. \VhetJ1or Lho pa.Llt chosen be lhiK or lhnc. whether it lie through th& 'ncnvwy. 01· I.ho iro3gi1:u1tiou. or tbc £nt.4)11ceb, or- tho wiU. or the aymp1tthiot1, or tho l'CµRi01~a in$tiucts, or tho <'C1nvk·tio11 of ,Personal ido.ut~Ll \\ bllih, flit tr,/O, St 1 n,·.11r1aL~y lcncls &\vn.y front hnlly lo 111>h·1t, }Utd fro1u &pint to Wl6 (101}1)1j:ptiou of unity in the Divine l:Jo.tti": nntl what r. WOllld J)l)\ \' rlo iR tl) try And lH eorne measure mAkC- good il1i• Hlntc1ncnt J,y w~wdoring n loni.t ~¢]) of tlic111e p9U1s in tum, ,.-iU1nu1. 1\ 11y more .ett1ed plan Lhnn tbi\t 1\1hi<'h 1rlsM oul, ol tbo order in which 1 havo ob11i11~Ac1 lb oame it.

;\s l rcil.et.t upon t.he phenomon~ tri,. (lltnrg, I find myself 1"911 and J.,,~ di1pGIOd to ttga.rd them as bavinR tluUr fouudo1ion in mere bnin-u being •l•J.r duo IO ....m1;on.

Coloridgo, in his • Riographie Lilonri•.'' ai!lalos the .-. o! a ~I In ,,lticb ls to be £>uuda 'l'ery cog11nt proof tbol tbere is ROm~llllug itlfpuu.4<thltt 111 nH~moey ... 'l"his oase,t• lu; wrilt!S, .. Of'l'!Urred in a Cnthillio to\Yn in Oerrnany I\ year ot two boCuro iny ntriml ln OoV.ingon, ~net h1ul not thtn O(l"-tetl t() bl) fl Crcqucu~ sub,ie<~t of eou~·c:rst\~lon. A y1nwc; wonl<\n of f(')ltt' 4't: flvo iu1d twenty, who oould uciibhor l'Ol\l.l lllll' wdto. waa- seized with n nQl"VOU8 fcvcl·, dnri11g l\'hich. ;\oaor<liug lo tho assever:~1;ious ol' oJ1 I llo

!>rius~& Auel Jllollk& of the neighbourltQb(J, uho b<~t.Juuo 1)0SSC$i$-Ccl with n. vtwy c11\l'ntt1l devil. She oc,mti11uad incom1ltly L.t1.UdJ1g I~ tin. G'reitl<, nod

11 11.>row, ln very powpol\S tones. and with fll OHI distinct enuueialion. 'fhla potts~siou \\'U roudcred more _pl'Ql.laLl.o. by tlto known fact that she w11tt f\

126 ll UMA:< JI' ATURE.

hnetio. Voltaire humonnuly ad,.illM the devn to decline all acqualntAMI whh m-.lical men, And it •'OUld. ht.•• bffn more to bis rnpu&.ation if he h-4 ra.accu 01ia ad'f'ice in the prutnt ins.tAuce. The case had altn.ctecl lhe )lordculor &U.eution or ~ youog phvaloi&n. and by bis atatcruaut.a n>MJ ._rnintnt, phy&iolog,ists and psyclioloi;t11na visited the town and rn11do ~ oxiunination on the &J>Ot. !3l1out.a full or her rn.vings weru tniken dnq fr<nn her moulli, fln<l 'vere fo,n'l~ liO cousi'lt of ael)tenccs ooboa1)nt. nn4 iu l<'lligiblc ea.ch for itsfilf1 hut with li~Ue or no cunneclion witb Ol\Oh otho,. OJ' 11tui:ie 11. amRll porUon only C:i.>uld 110 tr11CJed to Uic Bil,Jo; tJ1e romn.indor ecc1nod to b., in th& R"bbiJ1fon I dln1~6h, 1\ll trink or conspimoy w1U1 uut ot the question. Not. oo.ly Juul hhitc .)'(llln" wou:u~n ever been n hnr1nlos.11., i;iiupf~ er'8h1{e, but s lJQ wafl J1,l.111uring nnder" ncr'lous lever. In cho town ln whjoh shu bud been resident. Cor inony yea.J'S aa a servant in difTere.nl ramiliCft..o no solat.Wo pre~ted iWllf. The: y<iung p.hf!Jicia.n. bowt•f'r, dOt•m>inod to ll'tlce her po,. life «lop by step. for the patient bcnclf w .. IO.,.!"'blo of returning ,. 11llionol •nower. Re al lanitth di...,.ere.\ tho pl••• where her paronla blld lived. ll'llvollod tbith.,., found tberu d ... d. but an u11ole1urvivU,g. and rr0m hito IPnmt. thAtthopatienthad bceno.baritAIJ1y tAke11 by ru1 ('ld P~t pllli.or •t. nine years old, a nd had TCT\1Rioed wJtb hhn for IKIJUe years. eveu 111101 lhll old man's death. or U1i1 p1odm- th~ u11~Jo knl}\\~ nnll1ing but tbnt ho \\'"-" 11, very g~d ma.n. Witl1 grcnt.di8ioulty1 w,ul o1ter mup-b tron,bl~. <>.u1· you.ng U?Od1oo.l JJ11il(laophcr cUscovm·o~ A n~ece OI Lhu i1uflt.ora, "'ho had livml w1 t+li lnm et8 l\housa-keepet . i:lndho.d 111hor1t(l.d bis cUoei.::i. She renh!J.nbercd tlHJ girl ; ratntcd thnt lu)r veneto,,blo unote 1u1(l hocn Dlttch too indulgent. l\1l<l could not hel'l.t' to hcnr her s<:11lderl: tll1\t thu Wit.JI ,villing to bavc kapL her, but. lho.t o.l'u:1· her p.n.tl'on's death. lho girl herself refujlcd to ati:1y. A.n:xioua inquirias wc.ro the.u. of oottreo. nu~do couc('rniug the pnsler'" ha.bits, llnd tho tolutlon of 'be problem Wilt! sOQn obtniued; (or it eppeatcd illiL It hnd been the old man'a custom ft>r ye:IUll co 1fft1k up and dC)wn ts ~ iu his hon'6 into "·hich the kitoheu door aponed, and to ,.,.d to himwT witb t loud wi<:e out or IU. llnonrito booh. A oonside1't\ble number o< th~ woro Wll iu the tiiece's posBOliion. Sho added OtU he wu a very learned m1t11, •nd a great Ilebraii;t... Among tllB bQokll were f'ouud a collection r>f lU.bblnioal wYitin;:s. Wgctl1er wh,h &<iverAl or t.hfl Greek and Latin r~Uia.nt; find tho pby .. teian 1n1ececdcd in id11nt.i~ring ltO llll\I\)' p1u;aagea 'rith t11oso lt\kon «)own nt tho ycnu1g woman's \Jod~ttidu, 1,hnt llO doubt cou.t.d re1nn.in :In l\Oy rntio1uLI mind coneeruiug tho tl'llO 01·i~ l.n or th(l irnp,.eaaiou.s nutdCJ upon hor.' norvouf> ayst.em." -

" 'l'hi1t 1~uthent.ibatcd ens~." (!6nt.iin1os CoJoridge. " ftrrnishcs both t>roor l\rtrl ingtR.nCO tbli~ r~liqu~s Of 80U9flti()n ml\y exis t fo.r Rn indefinit.c ti 1'10 ln a l1lWnt. S(l\te. in tho va.ry finmo ~rdo.r in which t;bey we.rQ ori$(inl\lly hrrp~d. 11nd ~nt'ributcs to uu,ke 1t e•c.n ~robahle tha~ all lbOu((hUt nre in Lhe:o:i1clvos imperi3J1oble ; aud lbnt. if the 1ntcllectua1 facn1t.y ahould bo nuclered moteoomprehmt$il'P. ii. •·Ill r"'tuira anlytt.snfficicnt.and apportioned ~nisation-the body etl~•li'll. ln•~ad of the body urratrUrl-lo bring before Cf'O:ry human gouJ th• collective experience of i~ whole put .. 111..,.._ And thi&-lhi•. l""rol1nnee, I• tl>e dreod book o( judgment in who~ my"t.e:ri<n.1s .hieroglyr.l1ia every idle word is :recorded f Yea.. in tha \f~rv nnlure. of a living apinl, it m .. y be Jnore probable f.•r hellveo o,nd olr:Lh to t°>f1f.IM n.wtt.y than tbnl • tiing1e nc.t-n. singlo th()nght- shall bo 1(>1y~fl 1wd nr loai 1'rtl1l1 that living cho.iu of cuuso&, to l\ll whose Jinka, oousolou8 or 11nc()llf:l¢lou.a1 tho frea·wiJI, our ouly u l1fJr>lnte self. is co-axL.;ru;ivo f\l\tl oo· l ' ''(lfi:(IJ\t, "

Aa bcn1rin~ clirootly upou Lhe1,1,e ~mnrks, De Quincey al!!O writ.ct:-"! wns once told by a 11enr rcJ"t.ivu ol' mine (a womau of 1na3(!111ino unrler· "hu~ding "nd unin1peachable vcro.oity) U1Bt, htlviag in her clilldhood fAlltn

127

I•••• river. oud beiDJ( on lh• ••r. ·~ ol d ... u, but lor lb• ...n.i.noo •ldrh ""'ched ht< &l lbo lasl oriti0al momODI, oho then .. ,. h.,. """"' p .. t Ur.,, tl4)ched In its forgotten ineidenlH, a.tRyod be to.re her as in ll wim>r. not 111rc11Ui .. ely. but simultanooUAly; and Uu\t e.ho had at the sBrue ti.I.no a '"1•ully dovcloped Ri. suddenly for oomprchentliug Ute whole and every po.rt. 'I l1lt1 from 1JOrne opium cx-pcriences, t c;nn bolicvo. . • • • And of thi• I r1!('I flKr.u.rod. thtt.t th'ere iA uo &uch thlog lVI ultimate.fOt!;t:lliuq: lrl'l.OCB mwu ln\pa:cbscrl. 1..lpou tho memory n.i:e indc1ttruct.ib1", A thousand M<3i<lent:t 111Ky, nru\ will, iu!Mrpose a veil between our present oouscio.uancRs 1u1d tl10 wn111·c~ in1<cti1)tious in the mind. AecidootlJ of the SA.me sort will tLlAO ~ua 111tt1ny Utia \•cil. Bot alike, \Vllothor voiled or unveiled, tb6 i~er)t)tion11 r..irnnio ror cv,n· ; j u.!lt as the sta.rs Reem lo wiLbdmw b-Ofore tllo oon11n(1n llKht of J.a.y. whct cae, in fa.ct, w" all koow tbnt i t. is the light which ii 11,."n over them l'S a veiJ, a:ud that. they are wailing to be revealed when­••., lbo oba4uriDJ! daylight itselt sh•ll hue boon wilhdm\l'D.n

'l'o tho Mme e!Toot. abio, is the •ior)' 141d in a letter lo the oelebralod l)r. Woll...,.. by lbe lote bydroj(rapl1or, lo tho oavy. Admin'1 Beaatfon, ol hia own oxpc·ricnce in dro~a lc:tte.r whieb ha.a, l believe. fuond Ha way Iulo print. l>efore. but whieb. I t1tJ.nteribfl, o.a tar ns is nece!JS*l'Y to my 1+rtt1.;11l j)Urposc. from ~ mauuseri\)t copy 1.n t he p~~i;ion of my Criuud Sir l'bo11Ht8 \V&t,,on, who, lfi fact, oal cd ll\Y 1' tt.-011Uon to 1t.

"1'r(nny yot.\rfJ n_,go," writea tho Ad1nlro\, .,when a youngster ol tlJo 1A11ullon' frigi~te. 1•ft.er- sculling n. bot•t 1dJdut. Porlilmouth harbour, X WttR tmdcnvonring to too.kc her -fast -.longt1iJo Lho shiJ>, but, the. ti.de being stronJ{, " rnJ 11!0 l>oat shce1ing off, l foolli~hJy ei(Ol)PCd on the gunwlll~ iii order to •NlOh I ho rlng of ono of t.h() scuttles. 'Mio b<>itl.. ol <'..oufse1 upsCt.. I tumbled 101.0 tho w-.t.cr, a.nd, not knowing how to &wim, all my efforts to Jay hold (lhJ1or of' dao boat o:r of the floa6ni;t aculls woro lruitles.11. The tre.i:tu.c.tlon hid no< boon obsfln·ed by lbe 14ntinel on the gang<ray, and ii wu not until lhe tide ba.d ean:ied. me aome Ji1hauce Ctooi the ship. tl:uat a uutn on th• f..1"t>lop u.w the spbashing in U10 wtt.e.r and gave the alarm. The Onit lio.ien•nl (the p.....,ut R""'·Admiral Oliveri imitanlly jWllped overboard, du1 aa.~nter foUowOO his example. and the gu.nnar hMkroed i-nw I\ bo•L ind puU(ld oner us. With Ute violent GLtempte to m\Lke rn~"Nell heard I hn1l Hw11.Uc>wctl o. gnocl deal of wat.er, my etruggle11 t-o kc~p n:t,f$Cl! AHoat hnd f)xhn11stoil 1110, aud before any of n1y gall1~11t 11rQSCr vcrs overtook n1e, T. luut .1u1nk b!tlow ll10 surface. .-Ul 6x.#rUoui:i bnviuM e.cnsed, all hope l1nviug Oed, r J~ll 1111\L .( wns drowning.

"$0 f:tr th~ f»ch; \\•ere either pnl'tit,lly rtH116tYlhijred, or els.c SU))J?liotl to inn hy U1u1hJ who had witneaaed t.11~ "oono, fur du.ring au in1erYnl of aucl.t 11git.-11.iuu, tho min_d i1S too tat1c.h absorbed by n.lt.ornl\te 11ope and doHpnir t.o m11..rk tJ1e 11noeeHsiou of ordinaty eve.nle ''Ory iWCuratcly; .not. so, howovor, •• r~ru .. l.l~ ciroum.ibnee!J which im.mod.iatcly .followed. Prom tho ltl<HMUl oxc_rtioo had ceased, 'vhieh I htta~o w-u immediately consbc1u<!:ut upon coropl«e sufl'oeation, & fe•ling of ll1• m06L perfect. tranqoili•1 1openoded lhe provioos tumultno111 .. noaUODJ. 11 might bcC811ed •p1l11y. lt waR c(lttainlJ not resignation : ro.r dying no longer appea.rml :o bo an ovU, and •ll thougltt. of rct1oue WM at &n end. Nor \ \"1:\..9 I in nny bodily P•ln. On the contrary. my r~ling~ woro .raLber o! a. pleasumble f"Mt, IJ•llUJllU'"l>lc, 1JeJ;"h»pa, to those o( lhnt dull, but $A.ti$lactory, ah1.to whioh J)l'tCCll06 lho "leup .produced ~S: fft.tiguo. ·~'ho.ugh tho scn..ses '~ere lhu& 1!11Mene1l, LLo nctiv1ty of the mind .,oomod 111\'1gorl\tcd ancl f!)(mff!d In o. rnlio whi<ih ()(1Aea expression, C\nd tl~ought auc~eede<l t.huughL with ~ nipidity wl1id1 iA not only indescrib1~b lo, "but \)robl\bJy incouceh·nble, by 11nl onft who bns no~ hin1iself bf:!>Qn in I\ Rhuilnr 11lua.tiou.

11.'ho oourse of t.h.eae t.houghta I can now in a great roeasuro relrnco.

128 RUl!AN NATUllE.

'.!'ho •••nlthat had just taken place, Ute awk.,..rdn- tbaL had Jl">')uood lh• l•1.tt. iL l111d ea..00 cm l)oanl llor I had obsutcd !he '1fO ponoo111 1 .. p tul\ O( Hut chains}. the e-fl"«l it. l\-ould haYOou my mosl aft'ttetiouat6 (othw, th~ rnnnner jn which he '..ould dl1clo"lt1. ii to the rW. of tho raruUy. 3ntl ih.n11un1l fl lhe:r c:ircumstnnct:(t l\twJc:iatod with ho.ma-these were the It IJt•11M whic.b occupied 1ne. But 1uy tll•'Usthts rtow took ~ widfft' r11.11"0, nnd Lhc e\•Uota ot' the last cruise., n flt(l(:etliug \•oynge, a i<>nner s.hilH''recl<. th 8'lhonl wluJru I had been efloc;1de,l1 1i1y boyish ud .. •tnturei nnd t}orli oxp10Ht1, every pa.it inoillunt ill my lire, gli\.uce<l a.cross rny Jnhul iu rotra• Rl'fltlu succession, 11ot in ni<H'6 ou~l1no. 1l-S ltol'c s tated, hot wiLh tJH) pfoturo Hllcd up witlL E}very collntetBl det.11il, ln "S.hort, U'.ly whole. lifa Al'Cllnod. plnl",e4) b11forc li:lC iD n. so11 of (>fl.noni.1nic rovjaw, and each nr.t. nf iL \\tU RCCIOIUJJllUiOO by tt cont;e.iousuoAt of rlgbLaud '"tong, OT by a rC1flo.e.t.lon o.n h• cao.cs And its oousequcuoes: indNJCI~ m9.ll)' tzifling affili.ra which hetl lq ~n furgottou then tt0wded iulC) 111y 1nJnd wiU1 a iSi>.rl. of re«nt. fuwiliarily.

•• Jt.- i• ntm1rkable 01al lh..,. iunume-,..hte ideas w:hieh l1u111 crowded into 1ny nlln<l-with one exception •t th" ouillet ebont the fee.ling• or my family _.,,,. nll ,.trospeetive. Yet I had b<en reli~ri,,.,•ly brought-up; m1 bopet nr lr"ni or lh0- nex'-world laatl w,, notl1ing er lheir early strength. aod a& '1ny tnllor pcrioc.lth& ttt08L in~p84) int.ero11t. 01· the most awCul anUGlpAduu, w1,ul1l hn v"9. b(ICl.l excited 11¥ thU 1uerc tirObtLbili.tl· t.bnl 1 'v~ stnn<lu4J 011 tliu ibroithold of eten1jt;y. Yet, fn 1lin11 inoxplicRb ~ n1om~nt, 'vhau r hlMl 11. l'ull onnvi<:tiou tho.L I had j}l'(ll'litOd LI.to thre,shol<l, (10l a. ainglt; though& w~1)t\¢r1'!<l Iulo the ltt,llJ'tl. l wJUJ Wr.tl.]))>13<1 entin.Jy in the 1u1.at.. • • .

" ' \!hHsl. life w~a 1·"Alu1•uinR my fef.liugK \\'Cl'O ,pftillfnlly IJ11} 1'0\fCr50 of 0~010 which i1nmedil\tcl}' 1>1i00edtt.ll Lh6 loss of c:onac:ioWt.LtMS. A '"uglo, mjserl'I hie, confused be1ief lhnt. I WC'S &till drowulnf:'. dw-ch upon n1y U\lod-1 ho1•tlou nud doubting sn:ilcty,a liln1l of bonid mght:mare, 11ro1il1Cd ho11vily ou o"cry faeulty aud prcve:n1ed the foa·i:u•tion of a single di&t.inct thou}(hC. and st was "itb extreme diffiouJLy lhat I 00ttld at. ltsnptb convinee iD)..Olt lh•I I WU ...Uy nliTO. Aa*i•: instHd orboiug Cree m>m bodily •Ulkrin11-I ,..., lm'lured hr dull, bni <1.,p P"i111; and lboogh I hav, ainee be<n acriou$ly wouud~d in all pa.rQI or my Wdy. nnd subjeeled to sevcNi 111.urgieal dl11nipliu4!. l co:n$ider my autrorin~ lo hl\Ytl bue.u far greater ut th!ll Uwo, ii r10L in jutcnsity. at lettifl in {{6flO?lll dli(tf')u."*

\ Vlth 1'uch experience, ii. ·~ no wonder that. in the eourso ot tbis l(lttor, ,\lhnhit.l JSt!l\ufort shollld puL thtJ l[UOltlon: " l\ln_y t\'O not infer tl1"t iu tho •pr1)hH1!.(0d i.ostRnt' iJ1 which Cho f)i,&t wn" so i:ullr"cUougly opon1)..l oul C~\Ol'O ill 1.1(J 1'ni11t indi<:tt.t.ion of t.hc olmCNJ.L lullulto po,vc1· <if me1.oc>iy with whi.011 wo

• (~onunentiug in a. contf1nr,M'll.1'1 Ol• t.htse cMes. 1.f. A. (Oxuu) feh•ce th11 r..>11owing !.tC..t.WDl'\ ~xpetWnef.-Phci _p1~~at writer can add h.iJi own ieethnony to tli.ok which l)r. 8'tid.c1iffe dtea. &me Gnetn yea.l'a ago, whilst I\ mdent ol 1h• Uai~rgity of Oxford. he wu on~d•ra.tulHngon the. lii& in a ,gkiff. Tpota.ut of ti~ rutet w-\ie"h regc)ate tn.Jll~ ..., llt to leaTe spac:t" Jor 1~ng '9gUlt, ho put W. little boat aeross the tl'M"l: or a racing t:lsdsl, and 'lf'll3 mn down, It d1d not Jiff· tu to UQC\lr to au.yl»dy t.MI ono wbo •oul<l mist his life ha 10 (,.0 • bo.•t 11'•1 111'1af.lc to swim. It ~ ao, bowtvcr, ArJCl he tapidly 1a_1J.k. Th1> firat •trugglta ()Vtl', n. feeli~ of placld1Ly l(l'()k Lhe place or appn:heudt>u end 111Lln. A drow11~·, dr.mmy .aenution i'.U (ll~fVl'l\f1I ; llf'lii A l_'l:lUOntruie view Of )ift; fiVNl in It• 111tnnl.4''t iucidcnl$, w~l!S !Jrt'-~cntfld. ft 11Ccuh:tl -.s t lH,>ngh the vision w11• pi• ~•lred on th11 w1l~ur11 11.$ t.bey lill~'\t'lrl hf)(fJ l't- l1i1 cyt'!:. Sofl. aud 1-bOOowy lht' pl1·~nrtt '!'l'Ultll to JJoiu bel'ore bi1n ; anrl 1u1 ~hi.I.)' 1··~8<:d th& inner f..'Qllf!CfoU$Ylll6' T(IOMl4l1I 1)\(1 ~l\N1c, !Old $ttpplie d thtl C\)lllJUCl\ri, 'I' 1IU~8 lo11g (ori:_'<Jol.tf: tl W61'6 AO r1•cftll~d 'tO u1emo1·)·; lO)(l n.t th1;1: pmil'llt }))0U)tnt tho wnt.tr b t1ble- to p ieturB \•ivi1.U,r .ioo1u':ll which 01.:tllt'red before the- l)eri<K1 t~ wl\lch wc1uory n.aturlllly reacJ1ocl1 IUhl wbidt weNl In Lbh1 way imprinted on hi• miud by J'tJDinitoe.nce.

HU.MAN NATURE. 12!.)

f\"6 to nwakcn horonfler, and tbu~ be enab\ed, or <!ompellcd, to eontcmplnte OIU' past life? Or, migh~ it not. nlmost warriu1t lha atar;tJing i.den. thn.t del:'th 111 ooly u cluu1ge O).' mOOifieation in on1· e'xist.cnce, h\ which tl1era ia no :real (lfi11RC or intorru1)tion?"

Jn n. note n.ccompnuying the en1>Y of t.hia 1eUer. Sir Thomas "rt\bJon wrllex : " I\ofany years a-go a ~1'r. Iru1)cy1 whom I mo.t at dinnar, told Dlll tJult Jnn1cs Boswell (son, of Dr. JohU$OU's. Jc1nmy Boswull) , who \I/AS a. l'.l111tem1>orru·y of his at Brnzeiu:iae, Oxford, nncl wa.a once nearly drowned. ll1"1 ~ftel'wo.t<ls declared to him (Imvey) Lho.t ha then felt u. droway, i,leepy, 111Hlu)atiug s.ansa.tion, and that in a very short apnc~ ot tjmc tho ruinutost t1Jrcun1stnnccs of all ltja forn1e1· lit'e appeared before his mind iu mpid 1i111ce1)15oisiou. The present Lord :Ru111.ilJy, iu1d hiR deceased brother Edw(l.td, i.IHO know of i;itn.iJar cases; the formor of a. ~endewo.n rendered ins:on&iblc by hu1ncrsiou in the LA.ke of Geneva.; the 1aUe\' of an t1.e9uni.ntance of his, 1\ A'lt•. J-\$lunol'el?}, wllo l~'9.B n01t.1· being drownli<l in Uds <:ountry.11

.11.nd U1ua. at the vei·y onset of tho iuquit.·y, t he:re: appears LO be a. n~eossiLy to beHeve tho.L there ia something in1perislutblt iu memory whieh is iuox­J)liutJ.blc <lll the sur1posif.ion 1J11, t ihia mental f~~nlty is a n1ere fnnctiou of r-ny perishable orgnn lilco britiu-so1net.hiu" which nl.tlloat a.ppeurs to uoccsN.tato the cotu;lnai<>n that the miud~ of which memory is a faoul~y. has it.,.i fonndMion doep dowu in 6J'i.ri~ of wh.ich in11,eri3JtabiJUy may be an tttlributc, i>erhitpa iu Dhine Sllltit.

1\loreove1·, it is oo eitay 1nattet to l'est content with-the notion that all the r1>00nl~ of the J,ucwory are wl'itt.en d O\\'ll in the bi:ain . .The knowledge of ltleutity, by whicJt an object onco S8Qu if:! r qcognisod ns ha\•iug been SO(\U, woul1l seem, to bea auffi,;i&nt r~asoo JOr believing that this object retains iu llRolJ' i:iome 1nitrk bl whieb iC (:.il.11 be re.oognjge(l. 1\Titbout suel.t mf:Lrk iul)' kuowludge of ident1t:r, nny Mt of re<:ogui.tion, ll'IU$f, QS it would socm, b" tnixcd with a doubt whet he1· the eye nnd mind arc not, af4cr aU, <lealiug wii.11 :i ne\v nnd <lilforlfnt ol1ject. T-0 me, iu<leed, the knowle.i1ge of identity, wbioh il'I involved in tho n.e' of recognition, is in itf:lel f, !ind by itself, a con. (!lu~ivc proof that the .records of mcmol'y Q.h) not all kept in the ga~lionie hmu1·eel ls-thnt soma of thenl a.re to be fouu<l elseWhere; n.ny, it hven ~uggc1>ts I.he idea that lhosa hl tter fuay be tJ1e originala of which the for1uAr R~·o onl.r C()pie~ a.t :nost-oopi~~· loo, wh.icb ~~y perhn1ls bo. dis~onsecl. with. l•()r, :\J.ti!l' all, it 1ilnH1 be ~ spll'lt, wJ13t IS u;H/ttn nod who.t is 1111th1Jut 111 re·

J1lli<>11 to it? If, iu the petition, "Thy kingdom come," I 1n111st rome.1nbel', 11 No~thar ~ha1l they say, lo1 he:t<~ ! or, lo, Lh6rel for, behold, the kingdom of Ood ll'J willt.i1t you;" it surely follows that. my bcin~ is not lC$.S eompl'4:)llen· 11lvo aa regards: tho !)resent world. '[ cannot explain 1he ¢()ue&f'tions of \vlthfrt and without., of here aud thura, of Joeality genera.J.Jy; but- I cnn s.ec Ghl\t they llluy Jut.\•e to do with a pl'escnt impcl'fect stnte of being. .Nt;ty, 1we11 now= I pel'ooive dimly tbnt iu fornti.ng these ®nception~ I oa.nuC)l 11ltogetJ1er exOluclc their 01)poait.as, and f:hat I have something to do 'i'Yitb n Mt.ate iu w11i.ch there is ocilbcr \ViLhiu nor without, neit.hcr hero nor tl\ere. lu whicb I a.m in very deed in son1e myster.iou,s way soped c)r LO spa.ea. l ~vau 110,v, indeed, I cnn dituJy p erc:P.j\•e thnt t.hE\r~ is aOllt'P. thiug in mo wllich 111 ll•)L conte1\t W be cooped up in "tho cl14y eoth1ge in which I am t,ennnt for life ·~-1.lul.t I have a api.?·it of whioh ?11)iqrA1tn?1$1Ut$.f i$ nn n.t.Lribul.0-a "pirj(. whi(jh i.s. in this l'CSp~t. akin to Uta Divioe s1,iriC. And thus, iustead 11( lhero b<-1iug any need tllat the l'ecords of me.mory should be copied iu 1~ortu.in gt\nglion.ic brniu-eeHa, all t11\\t is wanted is this- that they should rournin wherever they wero wriUan down l>rigiJliilly, no matl<lr where : for, l1y virtue •)f it,a faculty of ubiquitousncss1 it is ns c·asy for the mind f.I') 1h1d diem in OD6 pluce as iu anothe\'. Nay, it must be more eiuty for tho mind W J'in,11 the originals thau the <'.Opi&a. In aober tJ:uLh the briWl is, in the

Vol IX. 9

130 malu, IU4dO UJ>, not only Of WRtol', bot <If Wl\~Of •j.o :\U f)\'01'· fl0Willg s(t'OR~, a.nd it ia nl1noist idle to 1uppo1!e it possible W1"t thti momol'y cnn keep her indeliblo ,.,.,rds in it. Upt!U •llch a damp tablet any writing mllit be, al best. bul fal.utJy k{:ible among the blora a_nd blots. Or, rather. I.he 011!1 idea •llachln,!: lo ••ch wrlUng is lh•l cl Ulltr illegiOilily, o•en that idN whiob W68 in Lh& mind of r._he poe.t, who }uul iusetibed (Ill tus loUlb in tho cemetaryovorshlldowed hy the pyro.mid or 01\(1111 Oestit1s nt lfouu~. t.he \vord•, '' 'vboso nnme wa~ writ-in W(~t..ei:J' l\'Ioroovor, ti> BnppOHQ t.hl\t the 1·eoord~ ofmc:mory llre iu.seribcd i11 tboso gft.llglionio brniu-e~lls, is to l)ttribute to tho very s.i1nplo1t. and orodest t>r organic fornuJ, tile cell, the HlOll~ cxn1ted 1>! functio9-to make a do1nand upon credullt1 almost as great u tlu1.t whieh U. rcquired to """· poicntfftllr. man rum..1r. body aJ>d mind, in a marine aacidian, which creature iii, 1ubetantiafly, JU tic more 1hftn tt huge g.;mplo cell. No doubt theae gnnglinoic brain-oolla h(l ve -is.ome aU-importtlnt fune· Lion to fnlOl ill t(tlfttidn to n1ou1ory ancl ov<J-t'Y oLhur mentnl fnculLy ; but jt. doe!J not rollow that t.hil:i funuli.onis that. wl1icl1 it is auumei-1 1.0 bu. I t mny be, iudOl)d, lhn~ they ha.v& lo ltel1> in kcM)j)ing up tJ1at elac~1:ri0:tl stnte of the bmin. And of t11e nt:rron.11ftom gaucral 1· f\'iL1uiu t which t.bo 111nnifestA-tion or men1nl acUou b1 boclil1 aolioo would bti imp06Sible-that- lbe brain and the reAt or lhe nerrowt e1atem j3 a wonderful telegrapbio apparatus. by '•liic.h tho ruiud comnloniCnt(lfl ,,.it.b its o'vn ho,ly, and wit.b otlu:rr hodld. I t 111 1~y ovon be- th11t, ll1iH nppnrl)tus iR Rn act U1n.t cerW.in [)l\a:ts of the grey u1attcr of tl1Q couvolntious hn.vtt t..o do spooii.lly wjth J)&.tl.iottlnr moven1en{.iJ, one pnl't aolicctnin~ i.f8f.J-lf wiU1. spcnkin.g, ttne>tl1Gr wit·h J1i>ntlling. and so ou. Or it iUQy bo that they hAvo 80me other fuoclion whie11 hll.3 yet to be dia· oovered. !lid, do what I mil, I caanot bring w,,.clf 14 suppoee that it ia a foocdon or U1e grey m•lltt o! the cettlml oon•cilolions lo ""u" a reeonl• office thr memory, and tlmt 'be ~t or rOJ.uomberiog is rt1llly ~arried on witkln A r.cnngliouic corpnsole: and, in tnot, tho mor~ 1 roUl)ot UI?Qn tlU., mnttcr thtt LUurc the conviotiou is force(l 1111on mc.-thl\t n1c1n1)1'J/ has it1 reoorJ~. uot..in tl1e bnUn airntlly, bnt anywho.rc o.ntl ev6rywhoru, ·shorcvor the mind hq chanced to roA-1n.-that. t.h.o rnfod never leave• tJ10 1llaoe whertt these record.I a.re -wxitten,__...d lha.t it is by 1lao mind being Rwnke in tbeltO plaees. and by the pl•""" ,....Clog upon U•o DllJld. as in U10 ll..C instanoo, that th6 ,memory aefs. Nor iis it moro easy to associate tho idett of 1.ime \\1ith the workings of D\omory. \Vh~t tJ10 oyo h.us once seen Che anind soei:I ever ; w)u),,U hos OllC$ mLt1J.;ht. the car the 1ttiudJl.over cetiae., to Hillen to; t'tnd I).() also \vii h o,·or-y otJ1$r ifll J>l'081:1hn1 upou tho lllCnJory. 'Vhnt it i·ctne1nbcrecl has in it MOUle)tbing whi~h ia iu rcMity ns 111pC?cior to tin1G n.1 lt is to spae& -some4.blus; wbidl haa to do \Vitb imperialtAWo and ubiquitous IJ)UiLratb«r lhau will1 ume-bo<u>d and 8p•oe·boUAd bo<lr: onil .., Car Crum lhinking that memory cau have its seal in thi'I body, il geerua moro raCionnl to suppotte that thiti Lody oan only_ b& 9. cl~ to the fr~e 1uuvement of mttuaory, ll.Ud th"t n11 that. ia wi.nteil to allo"' of U11a f~o uuh'O(tl0-1\t is t-he ro1hovo.l of this clog. J\.t· nll ovonl.t&, tb.o fuct thnt n. 01ingoutsicle 1ho IJ<nly1 oueo saoo. l8 1·ooogniR~d as lutvioB boon seen, ia to nlO n reason for hnUovlng Wat the 1uomory rclnting to it.lo, m part ot least., lod~od in il; and lhu• it ia th•t 1 om left free to ccmolado U1al the mind. of wbU:b mcmor.r ia a faculty, may ,.nge beyond body Ast. •pirit ma.y be •uppotJCd to rani(e-lhn4 the mincl, indeftd • .may bG n spirit alriu to the Divine Srririt, in h&vtD.': t1.btsolute superiority to time and space 1u11oug its nttribut~ft.

Tbis vi ow of auind, ilS gaLhored from lho hi.story of 111e1HOL'Y, '\'Ottld nlao seem t.o derivo uc. small dog~o of suppott fron1 t.hs light· it throwa u1)1)u mon:- tJ.utn ono reoondif.e mental phcnom&nOn.

Ir mind be 8pirit., aud Ir wemory testif1 to tho ;,.,.(1111:11,. cl UU. spirit in the Lhinp N!wem.bcrcd. wherever thtte ano1 be, no mal.ter wbethe.r without

HUM"'N NATUU.T~. 13.l

11r w·itbio. then once fu kn0\\1 nnyt.b.ing iR ~\\'ilyH Ix> know it, n.ndrtbc oct of l ~1't,>t111itio11- enases to be sopn.rable from the n.et of cognition. Uvon Uris view n, lhiug onea apprehended by th'e m_iTJd fr-Om that -tim9 lorth beooro·e.s part. jll ll tl pnrccl of tho being Qf him \vh<> ~pprebe1id·s it, ~n<l it 1nust be l.'8oogniacd. II' ngo.io brought Wldcr n6ti~B in QUy way, without.. any question boiJlgniJ.scd 11~ to i~" id<~hti.ty. 0 6.oe helCl it is never let go, nnd ·by ever holding i t tho tuind is St\t.isfiAd all- t.o its identity.

AgR:io : thc·vie~v ll&e taken of «u~mo.ry is n<>t it lit.tl$ 1ntppcfrtod by •the lll(hl it-sherls apou the association 1>f i<lea8. U'or if the iu ind remninwhere-1' J'Ol)tUs, iu,:,•er v,'lc;ating grotu1d once 1.lCCl(!)icd, does if, n:ot .foUOw thnt tJ1e n11b'jeots or object..«; apprO:priated lnuat e\•et· reooato. jn tJ1at p1t1•tieu11tr rblation lo each other wliicli tJu:i:y oecupie-d in the fi.tat, i11$t:tneo1 so tbo..t for the 1non)Ol',Y to go back nlo.ng nuy one chniu of t.b.onght to any, one .)ink' i u tlta.t (lh/\ira is of necf!!Sf;ity ·to brJng t<> ·the min(J's eye the over.lappinWJ of the nd· j(Ji~1in~ links? ·

,Again : itt thi1:1 view of in'eroory there· is wha-t would aeem to be- n so'J:t of hXplauation of tile at l'ti.nge 1'.!l<:h,·sl.'d way in w·hioh memory f lti.ls as old age t\1lvl\i.ncea, or under the 1·avagcs of <'-ttr<ktin l)r:iin c;lisc~asos. In 't his failnre n1.Caut event~ ar.e forg-0tten fh·se, then thosu which rite less and le6$ rt)cout (I, C1u·n, \1nl.il nt l:i._q t, all that ia r.emetnbeied .has to d o only with early llic. ~t)llle yeara ago_, for 0.'(.!tmple, l aaw a F rel)eh ls1ly \vboi!o cn.se supplies: &

11\0t'notabl& inKt:-lnce· of the way in \vhieb these re.aults a:re brought about hy disease, tho <:tli-1ij h~ing oue of ?ela~W,g·maui~ with epllepti£otm symp' tom1:1. ra1>idly passiµg into de1nen.tia. f}ntll ahe re1u~hed 110:1; s:ixteenth ye.'lr thiK. lad.y lived i11 Fritncc., nlig s.pok{) ouly .Fteucb i nfmr this tirne·!fhe c::atue to h\"C ffi Euglnud, ~nd beg~n to sponk English. ' Vhen·nhout twent.y &he n1o.r11ed an .Muoticll.il1 and frqm th:i.s ti.t,u'e, f or about t wenty ycar.Q:j sbe'lived "O•netiinea h1 AmCrieti.., soine>t.irnei; bn Engl:llld!.. apeakiug l.'nplish. ha.bitutt>lly, t111cl 1''t-Gt)c:h acarceJ'y ever. '\Vbcn I Sft,\\' hca; .fust.1 her minct \Vaa.feeble, llrld that was al l ; 'vhen, after an interval of about two yea.rs, J l!a\v h¢r last, Hhc l1ad forgot.ton C\'l!rythihg conneoted with her n1/.lrried lifo, her English hot excepted ;. and if lU1kpd.,vho·1:1h e wtt$i l\.nd wb(}ro _1;b~ was, she gave her 1nctidcu li!u.oc, nnd mentioned the st.root. \Vhcl'e she had Jived in l,.,ariA when 11 girl. So e(>1:opletely had 1:1he for.gotten hex<Bngli.eh .• ~nd gooB back to·her C+'renoh at·this tbnc. that it. hncl be.c::ome )1eee~nry tc;) chaug6 an Engl.WtfoJ· tl (rreuch n1~id. '\\That. bt1pp~ucd i u tJ1it:. <:.tl.kC1 and btq>pens t-0 a great&.r <>r loss '"xteut in all case3 of Uic kind , as well a.'! in old a,..ae, is the very revers.e of what mig~L bo expected to happen. It niight be oxpocted thnt the nrcmory of early events \\•ould he tho 6t•Kf· to fat!~, ar.td tlia~ of rc~nt •1veuts the l~t; but in renlitj' this i s no ncccssnr.r in!er®ce fr om the fActs. If 1nio.d bu i!pirit,1 in<lf~ed, j t is posai.blc thi\t it· ro.ay,,aa it we-re1 go on \ri<leoiug thi-oagh a seri~ of co1,ce ntrio ci1·oles until it reach.& i~ maturity, 1\.n<l thl.'t, 1:10 loug as: it rc.t~ius ,it:s. f1,11l vigour, it may keo1,. hold UpPD all the a1101uori(!t;t in e:\ch -0f thcs~ citclcs; i1n1ci· aud outer; aud that afterw~r<ls, when a. contrary move1ueut to th.at of development in t..'lking plll.Cei t.hc 1t1ind 1n:i.y iall a$l(}OJ>~ ns it we1·e., in c ir(:Je >lfter circle~ uoLiJ nt. Jas:t it only rc1m11in.1; nwa:ke iu t.heb:tncrruos~ · cil·eles or all~ fo l· if it be so i t "'ill folJow OtfLt ~he nHnnories of 1·C.Ceut. eveint:!., which are in the outer (:ircleN1 "'ill bo tl1c fi.rfi t. W fi1d6; ttud those of early events, which are iu tit~ iu1~ct· ¢jl'(l) es:~ ~h~ lrust. Th:it 'vould bA.ppc1), in [ac~, wtlieh is really fouod t,o ha:ppe.u, MO ~lmt "·hat iwemed t() be exeept·ional at fi:J;st n1ay aft.er "'11 provo to be c)Cnetly lu (l)'t'lt.r ·wh~u t.h~ ]a,,v of 1nihd i~ l)ettt)i' known,

.Anrl thus mcmo.ry ma.y 1:11,10,v, Md· till\~ too in no cquivoeal m·~nner, that lihO n1in'1 Qf wbicl\ i~ is u wuifostation i!S eometl1ing more t·hnn a Iunetiou t>f e<1rk1in br:Un-eella, fJOTil.eth'ing moN.l t hn.1\ a 1nera 1no1la of cerebration, by h:b.owiug t hn-t iuind (:an hu.ve no less sub-1>t--:tu t.i!'ll f\. _(oundatioo th.au that

...

132 !IIDfA.11 !IATURE.

which can only be ouppli..J by 1pirit wbi<h ia at ooce ilnpor!ahable and ublc,1.uilOWI in ita .....,,.., ~or ia • difTa~ut coDcluaiou to ho d.m.1'11 from the 1t-0rles told of mind

bt other wcnlal looultie•. ' f11€1 (magi1V.Uion ia a fo.culty it.bouL which iL is ditfu:ult tr,> Uill\k l\t. AJI

will1out becoming bewil<lo••d. ! I w~ct,.eddlea mth nil tblng1, J"!"I., ,PrCricne, nud to come, apurrd11g t,ho l>o1111d& of time aud sp:ico wiLh d1viuu nudltuiLy. It createa fo1• itaC.lr it.II. <1w11 ~1at) present, Bod rutw·o, l\Tlll lnfluooCelJ in a thouswd way& ior goo<l o.r 1U, not only bhu who im11;Jlinl'lil;I bl1t otber& nhso. ln no mcro figur.1tl\'~ 6onae it lives a11d "~orka in 11; world of itt O"'"· Indeed, a<> .real is U1i1J f10w.,_r tha~ tbc m<1Rt, Ketber aotl unltn1tginl\tive tbh1ker, if be i.hinlc nL l\ll, CAJ.Utot cbooae ht1t bow bo.foro 1t1 aud ooo.feea it. to be, Hko 1uuaoory1 a. m3nifesb.\tion of a &J:.irit which it divine in being, net only superior to time and &paee, bu" CllfUliwr iu tbo 1>110, if uot in tbo full, selll6 of tho word. Al i t aeema to :me, iL la almply i<llo IO •i-"- of imagination M Ibo ""'"" ol ""rebJSlion, aa being •nrtluug eafth .. bom i for u I ~cl it the •t.ort told by ibis ~la) powtr ii the ao.1ue na lbat told by memory, with addltiou•~at. give it. greater cutpbMi..t and wider 50ope.

Not in thh1 conclusion to bo iwt. i:uido by 15.i.ying th~t the i.m:l.gination hu to dn w·Jth Ii W·cawing rnthci• than wifJl "'\\•nkiug state of m.i11d. Drotuutog?

. \\lbnt jtt it? I\.hiy it not be ~ .. p1u·~U\I 011onpc Irom the wQrld t>f appeaT11.nc:«", tho 'VOl'ld of the SCMea, \\•hie It ilS OIPl>IU1ticn lly th0 \VOtld of t(i(f w11k.lug at.nte? .May it. not be A. glimpse of tho wi(ler prt8t11ct-1 the Lr.(Jvs~l!f/Q boloug .. lug to Wlo.6PiritniU world-a p1-.Jt'l)DOO, n trart1-e90, iu 'vhich Lhn.t \\•htoh i~ 1nlrt.Ul.l i& 1thn~t lost in f,h•t whicJ.1, it i:(i:ncr:d. Or, -ratlu::r1 1:11ny it not &how that nliw it a part of the uui\lOl\IO in whie~11~:.!.j(Jaced1 and nqt. rrp<o·t .from It in tlio sense in which he appears to · in ibe waking MAt.e, tJ,o rettlalioo being uot altogeth.,. uuliko Iha~ by which Ille t.ruo rel•tlona ul tho CM"th to lbo univene aru wade ovldcmt ;it 11igh~ when n the withdra"al or \he T'uil of Jirrbt~ alhnta the ttan to be 6t.-en? May it not bot.hot in eloop, 18 in de~ti., the portal of a !ullor life ia oJ>ODO<I and lhat JAOO'b'• d"1A.lll o! n " Judder .re:>,chlug rr(Jn1 cn.rch to Ul)'Tfteiio~ ;Jt,irudeiJ ahC>\'il tho Cltd'th0 lx to show that tbo. w"y to O&CltiVO lrotn tho earth i,, in thu d~aw.iu~ rather thnn in the wak:iog stntc? 1 t w1a iu u d.rcnm that So1Utuon ptt\ye.<l f9r \\•lsdoro, tin<l beetu:oc wise. Lito i& l'Wlcwed in i!laep: I.be iooub 111J t>f tho body iJJ forgot.ten in aleop: flU<L thi.s forgetfu.lno1:.1;1 it mi\.y bo) briuf(ft w1th 1.t thitt 1·cuow3l by lettiug U1c. W't'{H·iu(.1 $l':!UpW'-wcarie<l bt-c1\11116 whilo wnlling- ho hnd only mntlo oao of r! UJu "·Jllch Wt\.<J flelf-c:ont.n.iuod, nnd. tJ10l'Cfore, soou 6p1m~ft1..Jl intf) t.ho oce.au of co!!.mi.c:,sl life, Ol' 1•ather into tl1u Ute or Ehni, "ill whoro l\·o lh·o AUi! tno,·o and havo our be:ing." AoJ, 1I '°' tJ11!:u tbQl'O is nothing iu dt'(;l\00~ uot.biug in .&.lceJ?1 tQ invulld•t.c ~be conclcuiou ~g mind towhioh the hiltory of tl>elllll\0..W.tlon, no I~ tl1au lhllt of fl>e m<uuory, "ookl llOCW IO point .

.l\1 l11 Lhe m(!mory so all!O in Use hnn.gination there would ~10 to bo IOlll<!lhiu~ which i• oo• to be he1nn1<<l ill by bodilv bou1><t., •ome1hing whictb pomts to tbs man beyo·nd ~bo reach of the ~usct1, the <JARA tram·

""T"rco1. C)l\C~ ku6vr a 'bright little J!~n,::11~11 gir l nbOUt five ;\nd n-hnlf yCtl.l't Of 11go wbo co1.1lQ speak J£ug1Jsh, or F1·euoh, or Cermnu. witlt eqon) re-ndlt10flff, but. wllo 'VM uu.-ble to choos1,1 t lJC Jnng1.1.:t~Q in ·which she hiMI tQ 6p•:nk. Ir a~olu;n tc1 lu Engliah l)h(} ttllQWorcd in l•}ugHah ; and &1> i!~<'l for lrr-0nolt Ot GermtuL She hnd .a.1n1rocry gov\! 1·110~11 , A· Cer!n.nn1 ,~·ho &polro l'l·onoh nu<l J+:ugli&b M well a.H her na1,ive ltlU.g'llagc, 11.nd til1c it WM 'v}10 dii~Hi tic)c'.l iny nttcnti_ou tr.> the curioui; f11.ct iu qlltBt.ion and gave 1ne m bru Lhttn on1' 01>portu.uit.y of verifyjJ1g it.. AG"'in "'"' again I be..-d tho child odd,,.,.Mld

133

h1 cneh of Uio throe lan_gtui.gts uamcd1 and ptcsJJcd to reply in one or other ('f U\e rcm:\ining two, aud iuvMiably \vit.hout sueccs3. If p:re..5ae<l beyond o. tJ(lrWli.n poi.u.t she wonld C·ry, and Untt was all. On th$ part of the child d1on, WIUI no un,\·illingneNa to <tbey1 and ).VJ inability to obey ill nny ot.ber 1t11SO. 1udccd1 \\•hnt. puz:dod tha uur~a1·y govei·uess.. o.nd C.'\tl.':led her to l'lpc'!~k to n1e on the sul>jeet, was thrtL hlle child should be~ a.s it .aeemed to l1Ur~ perfectly good ~nd obedient. except iu t,hia one matU,r. N'or \Vas the l'Q&lLlt iliffnn)ut "·hen the con..-tn•15ation "'",t> ean·Jed 011 by others. ].>16re thon once I myself l~icd lo 1>rcvnil, Md "11 l could do by co!l'Xillg, .,,,d by htibjng as ~·ell, I did, but I failed as completely as the nurae. \Vhcther fbo ra1n11t wonl<l have been differe11t if tbe child hnfl 1.>een ap<>kcn to by ruiotbe-r clu'W I du not know. T here "'ern n<,J otb(-11· ehlldtcu hi the booa·e, ~11\d no poly~lot children withill rcaeh; and) houcsUy, it. dj_d not ()Ccur to 1Ue to try t,hia e~.J>eriment "•bile f,bere "''ii.$ the chance. Nor do I know whether the p(muliaTity iu questi(ln p._"l~ed off al.\ age n.dv~necd. Inde~l, n.ll tbnC. [ knO\t;- lliOtC is tbn.t. this child was nevo1· st.'rong, and t~at ah~ dted t1bout. eleveu from some lH:ad-alfcet;iou, ,.,hich \Yns sup1losed t..o have been brough.~ ou by l_)l'ea3in.g her education iuj\tdieiously; anti thi1>, also, is all that I would .!lay l t}JQn the Rohject now, except. tha..t t ha\•6 bca.td 'of more than one ca.<Je in "'hicll1 as in it: the inlitf,riua.tion of the child in i;peak.ing wonl<l aee1n to have been over-ridden by that of an adult apeaker~ ot of othcl" eLildrou-fu ba so ov~r-l'iddc~n, in ::-ihort, aa to givo no litt.Je confitma. .. tio1.l to the not.ion that the child was not altogether abut in wit.bin the bounds of it13- vi~i:J>le Oe>dy--t.b:i.t there might be actttM co1nnti.ogling of the lruuK-.tg<J beJougi.ug to different yeraona !',O fa.r n& tho im.'\gination is couecrned. •.

'Vh:.lt. hold..s good of imagination and memory "'ould aJi;o ti!eem to hold good ()( will. Tlow iis it th.,_t, T ant .free to 6..1,f Yett or. 1l'o, and to act l\cc9rdillgly, if U1crc bo not iu n10 a aJtirit ,.,.hich la m<Jro 01· lc88 ~kin to the. Spirit whioh has omuipotonco for out'.! of i1~ attribute%? ffow1 indeed! Anrl au.rely it· is J:!lO.re easy to entertoin t.his explanation that to accept that whjc:h regarlla ,~·ill :111 mere brn.iu-power.

J..ord Baoon has nJso said SOU}Uthing (~9/Jlv<t Sylvar1.a», Ccntw:y X.1 915 fl.nd 9:t6) which may b-e quoted bc1·c as sup1>lyiug a re!'aon . for believing U1at the ~ph(!re of the will ja n.ot lin1ited to roJ.Y one braJu or body1 but, eo­OJd(:Usivc ·with lhat «)f t.he 1ne1nory :tnfl i1nngin11;t.lon. 1i'fhe problt:U't i.s1u so nw.s the t-cxti H\Vhcthfil' il llliln e(lul)ttu\t:oJy and sttongly belet1ving_ that s.neb a, thing ahaU be (aa t.ha.t aueh an one '''ill love b.iro1 or tl11\t suclt au on~ ,,jJl gnt.nt hi1n hht reqnest, 0.1· that l'J\teh an on(~ ,,;hall recover a sick· nca.~c, or the like) ii doU.:i. help &.uythiug to the •.lffoot.l.og of the thing itselfe. Alld here agaiue \Ve must woo·ily <lisl·ill~uis.b. for it iR not 1neaut (as bath been partly f.:tj<l hefote) that it -ahould help by n111king :t. in~n more atoitl;, or 1uoru inl'justrioua (in \\•hic;h kind I\ (:onst .. 'lnt bele&fcdot.h tnl.l<;h) 1 but 111care:ly by a.secret opct<ll·ion\,orbituling, ot changing the spirit.of another • . A.nd in thia it ja hard-(as '\\'e· egau to say) to make a.ny ne\v Gxporiments, for I c.nnuot, comu1and m)'13elfe t.1> l:>elel\ve 'vli:..t. T " 'ill, and so no t.riall Cl\n l>c 1uadc. Nay, it is wot'SC1 for whal80l,v<:r fl l1lO.U 'im.aginct.h douhtiugly, o:r with tea.re. muat needs: do hurt, if in)agination have any J>O'ver a.t ~.ll. For n nui:n Tepresenteth that oftener that ))ee fellretb. tb1,1.n thQ contrnne. ,.

11 Tbe hclpe 1hcrc.forc. is. for a 1'Uat:i to wo'J:k by another, in whom he 1nay ore::lte beleafe, and not by himselfet untill hinuJeJfe hllvo found by c:ip-erience that- imnginat~ofl doth p\•evaile1 for then ex·peri011ce 'vorketh in bi1usclfe bclcafc,.if the- bc:lea.fo that such a. t.hing sba.ll bc1 be joyn~d with I\ beleafe that his im:lginat.ion may procc.eM it

u For exa.n1ple, I relate(\ one tio1e to ::\roan th~t \W1R <:utioua and \'"aine enough iu thes0 f-billbr&1 thl\t I saw a kinde of juggl1Jr t,hat had a ~\ire of

134

cards~ &.nd would tcU a 1no.u wl.ta~ <lt\l'd he tl,toogh.t.. This 1n·etended 1.e;li;neCI mnn told ruco, it was a. nlia-ta\·•.>ng ;n n1Qq, !or (said hi.j0) it wail nQt. ti\(t knµwledge of the 111A11'a thong.ht {for t bllt i9 proper t-0 Gdd). b.qt it 1\11\!1 di~ i.~ifi>raifl.g of tl. thot1ght npon him, aud bindirig his inl:i.gination by a· st.1iougct. t.Jlat he.o (~.uulU think('!. uo ot.hcr card. J).nd thereupon h,e Mked ro.e & qu~tiou or h\'o, which I t40,1g)tt he d)c.l Put cunningly. kno,ving befor" what w:ied to l>e the feats of the juggl(1l'. Si-r ~~lid h~e-), doc you l'C":\cmt>cr wbetbor bee tolde the f',.N.rd tb0 w.tm. t-hougbt. hll.llileUe, or bMle a.not-ber te> tell it.? I rulsw~1;4)',Ll (<\$ was t!l'ae) that he h{l.de •tnother tell it. WJ1.ereimto, he ·•o.i<l, •o I tbo11ght, for (•"i<!. he•) hi1n•elf<l .,;ould oon hl>)va p1~t on so att;ong nu in'inginntion i but by t<:lli:ug tho ot,b~r the card. (who b<ileaved tha~ th9 juggler \\1as some Strange mnn and could do.estrange. f,hing;i) that otbor Jl'Ill~ caug-ht n stroJ,Jg irt1eyg'inatiori. l he.1irkener1 untoo him~ t~inki.ng £or Jl. vnnitie 1lco 2J'l<tke p~tt.Hy. 'J.'h~u Lte as~l'.:d 1uo nnot.hor quest.ion: wiJ.Qte b~, doe you r<:ro¢mbm· wh~Lb.ci; lie bade t ltc tuiUl thinke tbc card .JlNt,. ...,,u1 Allerw~d$ told tllc ut·hcr man ·ill his eru:c what he sholJ,l~l th~nke, or clac thnt he- ditl whisper firs-b iu the nla.n~g e~re t.h:\t aho11ld tell tJ1e <:nrd, ~ug that :incl) a. mti~ i:iboultl t.hinke. nucb a cll.l'(}? I totd h.imt as \VM t,1·11e, that he dtd ftrat whu:;por the 1min ut, t:hc ~ai" U~at. sueh a man al~ollld thiuko •Uch a card. Upon th.is the lcnmed mnn did 11mch e:<«lh and P.lca6c him..s¢1rc, saying, loe you n)a.y ~e 1uy opinio1~ ia right: for i£ th,r;: man hiid thought firet., ltia thought. had bean fi.'<cd; but the ot.Jier ima,gin­i_ng fir.st, bound hjs llhoug:hW!. Whiohi though it did eoroewht\t ajnke witb. knee1 yP.t I made if, lighter t.ban I thoughts 1t.n1l $.'lid, T thought~it W:lK a. coll.fcderaeie between t.he j itggler and tlie two fltH' ' 'i\Jlt·S1 Lltough (iildccd) ;r had DO t·oawu so to thiuka, for t.hey \\'tro bot.11. ·1uy i<lthe'l''a scl'Vtlnl.$., an(l hce h~d nevet plaicd iu t.bc bo45e before. 'rhe juggle1· alao did cau.se a garlu1· t-0 be lteld up1 m.i.d too){: upon hhn to know tba.t i:nufh nn one Rhoult}. point in iuc:h a place o{ t}u) gai·tt:w~ aa it shouldu bo .ne-tu·e s'o u:t!\uy i.uc':ln{.6 to the longer und, a.1.1d f!O nlAfly lio tha shotLe:r. i\.nd st.ill be did it~ by Otst. Wiling the im•f,<incr, and alter bi~di~g tb~,,ctour thiuke."

A..u~l ao Jjkewise 'rith ·the 1rd.elleat, ''rhat ~>W<H' ot.h~u· than thnt oi a.. Apirit poruiesS(!d ii). some .m~fltU'ti of 01nui&cienc~ by ptntici1>'1tiJ1.g U1 t·h~ 01n.11i2cience of th:~ ])iviue Spirit cottld vcuture to exercise itself, not only upon tbe ·wotld of, .,sen.siblq pheuon>ep:.l1 but npQn auch ahstrae.t irlea.'J as ~fu~iby, ~~ternity, .abaolnte goodneiaa, a.~)$1.lh1~ tr~t.b.' nbsol.ute ju..s tioe, u.1ljty lU d1vcr;&.it.y, <:6S:tu1cal. hnv, avon God, 111.ruscl.t:·i bl'in~g 9bJCCt fll'l<l s11bJect,, law and law-,gi.,.~r·, aliko to tho. bal' o.i rciµJon 1 and not hesitating to pn$N j udgn1e1\tJ Sw·cly tbat ruc)ltt1l 1>:0wcr which \\<ill be e''e'' ~king1v/ty, with a fl)U cc,uvietion f,hat it. ia entitled f-0 au iluEiw~r, 1uu1>t &how Urn.t the 1nin4;l of whiob it is a mf.UJ.iftl:sltltion, iA a S}>hit of -i;~bich intelligence little .s.ltoi·t of God-like mtU<i bo •n alt.ributc I

le is tt ll'iQ e{l.ay to.find.rl)aaon for belie";ng ·that them iR an ~1uter-r;ph9're of intelligouco .u w~ll 1\$ an out.ar J>phc~t~ C>f uu1mo}'y aud itunginat.ion 11nd volition. l riuumuber, f01' oxa1bplc, a circumstance in connection "~itlt thf} dct\th of Jny gmndUlolhcr wllic1' $1.lppl\ca inc wit,h .~uch l\< :reason. My grnudw.ot.h(!r, a J~dy con&kler"hly over seventy ytlucs: Qf Agtli rusided wit.h my parents, i:..tull ] wil.$ tlu.H'l s.t.iiyiog at a )_>lace a.b-0n.t font i))ilc.s 1xwny frOnl .home. EvctybOOy at h-0l110 was= to a.11 Apj:)cnrancc. iJJ_ good healt,h, iUld bad. been so for l\·'loJ1g t in\e, nnd on tJutt p:u·ticuh1r uigltt. l weut to bc~tl fl.nd feJl a.sleep1 \VilhQut tit itll diviiii11g \\'heat. was so soon to happe:n. I have no l'i.)iuelubrancc of L.t1..vix1g drC(u:ot. tmd all t.hat I' ~now ia that, after ba.viug been »Sl~ep fort\< couple of holll'S1 T woke wi,t.h the full 1~on,;ct,ion t.hat- m:f granchnother h:id b<>e11 µ,ke.n auddt)uly ill1 tha.to a ruusscugcr was On hiH w:ty to fetch 1ne, a.nd tl1fit J should J)Ot J.'CU'lCl't home before aU.wna ovcf. .A: moment oi· t,,,..o Jnte1· I got upi lit a candle1 looked at my watch, dre&l!c<l a.n<l

llUMAN NATURE. 135

W1dCocl :\t the.window, in t.bc. full belief tha.t my grandmother waa thvn 1l1111t, nod tlmt. I sh.o~tld l~a.ve f,o go proacuUy; and aa I CXJ?«<:tec~~ 1;0 it; wi~, I li t) mei:suugcr fn'rt\•uig JUSt aq. I WM ready to ret.uru w1t.b hun, nnd tJie d11ntJ1 happeuin~, as it pr<t\·&tl uft~rward.!!:i at tlie V'¢t'J moment;. I had looked n~ 1ny "'atch. l hrul not any i1tlpl'Q&l;.jou at t.l;u,ci time- t.1)at th.ere w~a ~ny: .. 11\lug 1:11.11:>1.n:n~t1iral iu t.be way in which intelligence wii$ t.hu.s eouvevc<l tl')

fny l'oiud. I relli<JU\b<~r nothing like. a feeling of fe:lr at t·he time_, nncl I dis:l 11<lt (I was ti.11.d of not illOtu t.l1J\.u sixteau ye1tr~ of ~e) l?CrPlex rQyael t"·j(h r~niug <,in the 2ubj~t~ It was only.ill a(OO:t• ycara tl)l\t the (a<:b $Jowly 11oqu.U-~d i!i,guificiu1ce, .ii.i)d I be~o to see it iu the light in \vl1iCJl t llQW w:c lit ·owi is1 as showi!lg that T c;f.ntld knQw wh3~ was p~sp.ing at home, n.ot onl,v by the prompt.iu,gs of t-ho $OnMa ~wlH~n 'there, hut. Afae>, perb1q>a1 by r~inuiniug tJlere wl1en ace1;ningly elsewhere. a:nd· t.lu:~t in iJJiA way my jutelli·~ ~~oce mig:Lt. be lilJ\.du to ten :1 i;~nihu; story to, tha-t ;l)ready told by my memory and imagination and ,~·il l. it would al!Kl be easy to Jincl c~idcuoo to the M1u1~ o!fiect iu th~ strt11lge

way in which, lvithont :'I.DY help fron1 tb.e scuscs1 ouo pot·&0u will oft.en 11ivi,oe the M.1oughtH of another peraon~ Qr in which the &'\me t.bougbt will C1ften occur to t\\'O ot· too1·0 piu·aons a.ir.nult.'lneo~aly; but I J'eahit the t-0)'.llp lQti<)n to cl"•r,U up<in t-Oere r.opic&, in 01·de>: tbaL l tuo.y nlludo t.O au nrgnmeut whi<:h, to iny 1nind, tell.a concluaively ngains;t tbe no.t.ion tbatint.cl· lit,rcnce i~ hennued in -wit.hiu t.bc bouud&uf body, or subjected t.o o.uy kind of lftnit<'\t.iou~·Ln argunumJ, "•bich i~ b:"1aedupoµ the sin1plc concept.ion ol'. nuy {lbst.r\'\ct thou;;ht. I c1ul11~t (:(IJ1c~ive.it. po!;$ible, for eis.a1:n.ple, that tbe1·e . sLoulrl l>e Any cci·ebra1 or bC>dily way of acco·unting fpr-the i(len ~f eternity. J w.ight~ peJ·11,opt, ;l} low·~·batiro1)rcsf)~ou.soln: certain &o:i:t-upou 1J10 brain wight., by tbeh· tcpotitiou~ ••by iuyrifl\l blow&,u give rise to a.. notion of t:i.J.ue; b11t; t):iat tuiy multiplication of t-bosa iuJpressioua sl1()111r1 c;:n1ee the idet\ Qf ti1nEt to el1(UJ.ge in t-0 that of etel'nity is nlt-0gctbc1• beyond u1y powera of co1npruh.~n­aiou. 'J:lu)s.e t\\'.O icle:u:1 b11..,•e 11ot.lting in cou1n10ll i and to tJ:iink thab tho id4.NI- of c.t.e:ruity s.lto\t.ld a.rii;e in t,hii; way, would aeem to be ahuo1t asa.bsurd ns to is:upposc that n clock, by.diut. oI coutiuuul clicking, ahould~ inkl:.el,l<l of wcu1·iug on~ con10 to bc.1 not oul y. a better LiUlcl<c.cpcr, but nl.f;o f~ tc:ll-tulo or what l.ul.ppl'.:.IUI wb,e-n tin1e endij in the tin1eleaa eternal Now. In order to ehe couccvtiou of the jd<~il of t'.l.to:rt:Uty, ila it aee1n:; to Jne, there nlnsi be \LJ1 iofa~1 1igence which is: in itielf ctc1·nal--a·t:iOfilothing 'vbic.11 uu~y U-0L-0ug to Uu cttn:u~J lrfo~·cgo, but \vbioh. C'\Unot by mlY probabiJH.y bclona: to 1r1cxc Wu1poo·&.L bru.j.11 or body; ~\nd den) with it aa I ooJt.y!-- 1 C.'\UUQ:t t1u,uk other­wise than tha-t Lbis coucupli.ou of <:terujty is iu its-elf :u1 u.rgunient fot: 8llJ'.PO~ng f,h~'\.t in intellect, no less than ill memoxy an.d ima.gina-t.ion and will; 'f,h~re ia sc)mething·,~·ll{ch P?ints to trco~s·coq.>orc~·iy ":i a J><i.r~ounc. reahcy J.U ronu, Aud AN "'1th the ult\?~ of ~t,er_nlf1y 1 so alao w1t-h t )e idea o( iJ1fluit.y and all ot.bcr abst.:raeL ideas~ l cnunot 1iud roc)u1 for that-which iH tJni,•er.!!81 itt th\tt which at best jg only partial;. AUd t.bos it i.s1 that. in order t<> ncc:otnu1oda+-e the15e u1Jatl'act ·idea a, it ia u~esiMY to ~et outside the bt-ain And ou.l~i<lo tho bo<ly, nnd to Lcli~~ve tJutt-f.he f1•1.1e JJphere of the intell igrn~e is eo-e:s.tenai't'e with that of t,he Divine Spirit. l:i1dc.-0d~ to. do otb.or,wii:01

11nd sup pOJJe th.-lt. :;.n ide;J like th~e of God or eternity or iu.finity cou be Jodg~d it1 a. Urain-c('JJ, requiJ'tl:S1 a~ it ~ema to me,~ gre:1..ter Bt1·etcl1 of fancy thnn that which would be needed in o>:dertC> believe it possible. 'tbat ~111 the ,.,nter& <)f thu ocean might. find th6ix bed in a. thimble.

Nox does the oon$lcleration of J»ental phc.nomcnn whioh arc of n ,sym­pathetic Uu<l .x-01.igious cltilrilcter lend to a differen~ con.chu;.ion -rj)3per.ti»g tnitl.d.

~f.en are bl)und together by ties whioh cannot be. untied. The husband nncl wife-»r'~" oue Hesh)J in inore than a Jiztu·ntive se1Jis:e, and it is iinpos·

l.36 UU~fAN 1'~ATU1Ut

>ibl<l to bre~ the linl<s of th• mauy cha.ins which hold patent ta ~bild1 ft'1cnd to ft;ie,nd, aud all mon to home an<l conntcy, Miu1 eanuot, if he would, oltagel.her shut himself up in •elf. If ha does not yiold lo tli• impul&e to sacrifice himself for (>tJuirs, he fecls thnt· he ought to do it. Re ia often on.rried awa.y hy tJiiil simple itupulse to hia o'vri destt·'uitiQn, l\\J when he )f}apa into Lhc ~vat.er to save t b6 life ()fa drowning person. Be el\nnt)t cute.rtoin the mete idell qf an exooutiou, of a. womn:u more espeei9.lly, \vithout. a painJul ehud<ler : h~ eanno~ look upon del\tb, even hv i t!> most pcaccfol 1:1.!Speet, \Vith_ inditrcrcnoo. It i6 impossibl13 b) under•.-aluc t,he sym-pathit·a \~·hich nre manifest in l:hese aud o. thouj>il.nd other ways. It is im1><>SSiblc to rest ('A)nhfr'tt with a merely selfish .interpretation of tlu~m. they wust have· a. \\'j<lor basis thnn that whioh onn be suppli.,d by the bra.in of t\ny oU:o iuclividual mnti, nud it is i;c&rouly pos:;ible II.> CS-Ollpe the conclusion that thete 1'1:'e aetufll, e\1cn organic bonds, between m iLJ.l and mnn, ru).d be-tw9eu ruan ru1d nature as a-whole, and thiit theae bonds nu1ke thell)selvea falt through tho .sympathie!j.. .AO.er whil.t boa baeu sQ.id, indeed, l wniot GSCl\JlO fl.'OlJl tb.e c:(J1)cJusion tlu\t mind must be regarded as. aome­th~ conunon to (ill m'>il, pc:i;ho.ps ns ..somothiu~ cosmical. rather tl1u.n as anythlug pecuJiiu: to a:uy iudividun.l JJ\au; aod, t~1ldng this vit>w, I ean in l)()me mensuro see why thE:t philoi;oph{"' of l?Jato should lead .. step by step, ftom the iu<lividuill rnan to tho idea o a republic of 111en under the l':!Uper­intendeneu of & DMue Deing, and wby & higher philosophy tb•u tlml ~f Plat<> should bring meu oogethcr in ~ oburoh, with Christ for its he.ad. After what, Juu-1 boan so.id, indeed. thi!J. iclel:l of n 1;e1n1blic en: ,chur(~h ia th1;t 1.u1turl\l outco1no of the argument.. Nor ii-I this oon6lusiou iovalida.l.cd wh4n the U\oughts are h1rnecl fron1 tho mind to tlic body, of which tho senses take cogni~olnca. 1'...,ot wbn.t is the actual cnse? It ia tha.t thlfJ very b0$1y ifJ n<.>f' ao individual ns it would $&eJn to be when the evidence oft.he &-euBe£i is not brought to the bllr or reason, It is that it is inseparably bound to other bodies, and to tho unil'Cl'SC, by the force of gravity. It is- a.!! will be one ilay beu.er known, I tl'l.1/i~tha.t i t if:1 not lQt;g firthJy l1el<l iu tJ1e l)IWe poaition by :. the electtic du'liit wherewith we arc da.:rkly bound. 11 It ii;! thRt it ca1u1ot. clnim more than ll. moroeJJtl\l'y tet:i,1t-0 cve\t in the JlHl.tter of. which i t· is made, !Or t in fact) thia nintter ia the couunon proper!;,)• of all orgfl.ll.il! beings . . And thu~ (lve11 .the body rony bo gencrali~cl until iLecnses to boa seri<>ne Qbi;h1clt1 to tb~ adoption of that geuerfllisation of mind which seems to ntiko na.tumlly out of ttie t>tei:nii-Jea- ll vie"' rux:ot·ding to wltich tniud is (o looked upon, not ai; the r.,su1t of CQrebr~t.i.ou, or of auy otlu~r action in m&J;i.. h1di,iidually. but. as something ·which is common to l\ll uuui4

kipd 1.~ncl to <"...re:ittion goncmlly-as sometl1it1g for which tJ1e l imits of tl)e n1ateriu.l cosmos nrc too na.n:ow-~s t;<.>nu·1UU

1

'jft;1

hieh is ilOt liotited in iWy ,\·a.y-ns something, it- ni~y be1 which is: ns · · 'tnble ns the Dh•iuo Spirit which unde-rlies all things. .Aud if mind have this foondtt.tion, then it sore1y follows that mind m ust comprehend all t11iug'fJ., and tJu1t. th& reality of its w.·o.sp may be ~U-ested by tl1e sympathies in tho wa,y whicl1 hncl boon indicated.

A Continuation of the same story js l:ll!SO to be found in $ •:-Onsiderttt.ion of the mental phcnomen::t which •~.uue under I.ho hond of ·rtttuious i1Uftin~ts. In 't\'hat has just been Sil>id upon the syJUpathctio pbcnon1011a -0f mind it has b~n Soon that mind is something without mthar th1w i>o1uethh1g witllin tbs body--somethiog 4'Cnnpr~he11diog in itself all mankincl ond all Chi.ugs. ill wh.at may bo f;llid Ut)CIU lhc religious iHsti.11ot.s the stun is this-tJ1at these instincts in~y J>Oint. to a connection of the very c:lQaest kind botw~ llwnanity a:1_1d D iviuit.y. Do who.tr mny, indeed, I cannot cxplo.in a,yay those feligiou1> inHtinets, or rc~ard them in auy'other li~ht t.linn tbnt in whi<ih they would b-e 1cgv.rded by Plat(l aod in lJoly ';i;l.rtt. Ind,.eed, aft.er

l:S7

• i..1 bu '*4 Mid. I !eel my-Rlf al libm1 to IH in U.... iuslinda UIOlhor ,..., lhal tU nolDd ~ill! i>undati.a, .ot in m&A indi-ridaaJJ1. DOI ia llW1

''"''••11. nol e<en in ...im.. i;oMnll1, bill ID the Divine B.oiag ··lo •i.•m oil lhinJlll OOllllis&. • &!d, Jl9ln11., rar. I am .....uained logo r.UU.. •Ult, t ud Ito ln co.nscicnce., whicti may ~ nprded as one of Ute reli~ httlilll'lll, A l'flMOn ror believitaK lhnt tho Olwin! Uclng. who is the (f1n1tda~ "' u ur 111i11tl, h1 juat a.nd t.rno and holy"' l Co 11 revealed in -the Sorl1)\ Uros, • lt11WhJ11ou b':log lu C\'Cry deed th1\t W•Wll ot whlol1 Iauiah aJ1a9.k& wh~n ho ljt\YH, 1

• l\rul thtno ours shall hear ti.wortl bohln•l l:hco sRying, cbis is th't wily, w"llt yn in It. whun r4' turn tCt tho t·l,::ht )11,nd nud to tlu) left,'' l\nd whloh 11t llu, 1u1 ult.I U_mo onfoteos: tho convictinn 01"~ the wtt.y thus jndie1,Ll:)d h1 I.ho ""l' o( Ju•dco Md truth aoo hoUn.... After whai hat been u.id, in<lo&d, lb• ,.,.,, o( mind .. told by !he .-.llglou1 lnotinolAI io only tJ>Oiher cha/1tor It die """1 a1-d1 lold of mind o/ m.-.,., Alld imsginalioa. and i•l•I ec:t.. u.I will. AJld •,..polhy-tbal mind m..t hue ila roa.clalion in Oi..U.. ~J~nl. and lhol, eo fa< fTom being i-...t la willi.ul the bom>dl cl IMA'I ., bla 11.fi:..i:" """""9 most be ..,_Uu...l•o with lhat or Ille Dioiu ijpun II If, 11.1 . t,ab(o. OS ineom"""""'*bl•.

Aod - -attdl7 a .,,.,.;d,.,.li<>oollM'!f"ln man leads LO no diff•reol r 1nctlu.1inn Ttl!pftcling mind. l canno' doubt tha.L 1 am. I seem oompelled It) OOUuva Lhot in Utl.s l <11n. there h1 thl\L which will n&YU ceMe to bo. An4 hl•\Y b1 chh1? 18 i t Out.t I c:nut1ul 111..0UHliC(\L H'lJ'IH.ILf [tom llim whl'I '" r.;r. ut J111'u 1 Do l 11.it.y 1 cun, bc-0.0.us:o t llnve IJuon 1l'll\tle i n the imn,ge of .l:Clm whoft(! ncuno l.t ! filt? I h~ve tho w11.r1•n11Ly of lloly Scripture f1)r 1n1tlh1g thotl} q11('11Uone, nntl for an.gwering ~ht111 nlllrrn1~Llvoly, O.JJd roost tl1'1111lrf!dly I 1uo IH1'1. drlv41n LO 11 diCfe.riillt oonaln"lon hy 111y .own· reaffOU. lnrl4lad, ir, 11 1 a.tu eol'bjlOllod to believe, mind t>. a. IJ)lrJt a.ktu in its ua.tin"O to Dl.ine

J1irit. II (>llO'lfl u a neoessa.ry Ol)U.tllqutnoe th•t. tho tJflO in man muq ila.d Ila ... p1anauon in this wa1, and ill thlo ,.., .Wy. tho .,.,, in ("41, builljl 6fll7oue IJ.DC..UM manyo&ber proofs th&Ltla1 mind.. of which it is a munft'llta ..... Ill ill -1111 a spirit akin in it. ... ,.,.. to the Oirine SpUit-thal r ., I - by "''thin· I- than b1 a" difillf "11h .. LO a7 00-

\Vbill1"r tlMO do these a.rgwnent:t lflln,l to tAko me? Am I nall,J CO bohete llaal I ha•• ~n made, •• ti•• S.rlptorte W!dare. in the ima~• of Und, o•en or lrfm who, aetordlng to cho gn.roe ncorda, is sclf~e:r.iatont, JJUrnnl, 01n11l11clPnt, almighty Splrlt, who ~ pudcotly just n.nrl Lrµo n.nd hnly, i..lio -.·~ry .L AJ.r in whon1 all thit1R'I ftril, wlll1t)11t whom is nnlhing1 A1n I to b<1llovo this? l\'fuch, no tlouh~, rc11n1t1nn W l1f> done before I Tfl*'Y hO l\illy "t lib<1rty to gh·o a raLlonnl nsso»b tu l'! llOb l:>oUcf; but G\"Cll nr>w,.(or llll)'LhhlK thl\t. nppcnrs ro the t.ontrlll')', l Ulft.Y do eo ,vitltout being AlliOgf'JLhOI' h~liOl)ftl. For what is the couclu,Jon l'CltJ>~liug miud a.nd bodr whh1h ""'ulcl 1H1n to he inevitabl.B? h it d1•t mind hai ita foundation 1n 111plrJ1. 1· """ atlributM which may, n•1 m ... 1. bolong LO • spirit .,...1.a In •ht••~• o( the Dl.U.. Spirit. IL lo dial body ro-t. no oi..tado totlua ~-11 1100, bod,-. - inquiftid illio. br1m1ng o .. wilh spiri~ L1 d""'"1•Dll •ririL U.to o.sb. not by •l•n•llltUlj( tpiJit, but by WD•K the d...b lDlAI "Pin~ b1 .pn1na1;zi111t _,..., IA oth.,. ...-_ gpirit baa to ~ r.,.,..nled. • u an uncertain ouL-oOrn• frnrn matter~ having intimate eoa· u~hnn1 wu.h aleelrieity. and ht:ac. and other pby1ic:.I agencies. but u .omothlnic 10 atM!lolutelv i;uperior to overythlnsc rn•f.crial """' to au1tlce n ptMlflibla ror 1n1Hl tn IJ& Mt wholly n11bello•l111e wlwu he heus tho wordit or <Jhrb1t : •· Vul'ily, l sa.r onto yon, if yo hnvu fill th (lff a grain of m ll!Jhlrd·k(IO{l , y\l Rluill fU\)' unto this mountain, t:<'HJl()\•O honoo to :i1uudtir pltlce, tu ld it.t h111l 111111lO\lo, nn'd 11ol11ing shall be in11>011fllblo 11 tUA.1 YlH1:" In gl1orh, tho comn1ou Otnl<'<IJlllon or 111ultcr is altogether cxohuled by UlBt of s.piriL: a.nd tl•o only f)IJOr.lu.fl.io11 to wWcb I CM. COl'lle, itl Uuit lfJ>lrlli la A divine rulity, whioh 1nay

13$

&t ona 1imo b<t manifcste11 to tho scu~ca, chli(H' os n1af;t c 1; or 1•$ the tuor1 110Hirol\I lfUbs~l\llcc belonging to the ~· hod)1 e:olcstinl," JuJ(l nt (I not her· be rttpl QWny .from Uio seDSOM, l\llcl that no doJ1uitiOJJ cnn apply tn nuuls s.piriL 1Q its fulnm, oxoept that which i• equally •ppliooblo w d1a l)Moo Spiri~ tlle "'clirinity I.hut doth hedge a k.iDj" beloogu•i in eober fi1et to mnn as maa.

And it UU. be so. then it ¢oases to bet. ground ofwoudar 'h't wan should be so riohly e·ndow~d with mPnh\l ru:td R.tl oUl&c politer. Lr ho. be in an1 tnie ~cJn110 1.he image of God, he roust bo MO endowed, nud tho ,..l\'Oudcr ls. noL Lh11t w.nn is cro"'lled wiUl wisd.on1 nud undcrstl:'ndittg, but tluLI. ho ia KO imbeoiJo llod fooliah ; not thlltl he is &blo to will .1u.HL-O.o, but Utot b_e if1 ~ in-eaolut.o lU1d incapable : noL IJat. bo h11.e 11 oouacicnce, but Lbat. ltia sonso of right a.ud wrong J:B eo .._red and dm"'a)': not. that h& wnerubc:n.. b1at t-hat he (C)t'R~'8; not lluu bte imaginaUou rana("a hilhcr &nd tb.1.1.hcr widwu& Jet ot hindrnucor but th.at lt hr ao "lflpe,e<l in Uro&and pn11111ioo:1• not t.bafl11 is t;O full -Of 11fc, but thnL llUl\Lh J1as <IQJ 1I01oi.ujon. ovei: hiln, 'fhe cxplo.n~ lion ~·notA>d ~s 1 uo~ of11b•• bt1t Qf,ni-utt11; nnd this is 110L dill\i:ult to find. Noth-iuR snore h1 rcqnir-011 lndoe<l LhAu to taJc., Lile who)'} !'tory toJ,1 of 1na.n in Scri1>turo, aod apply it. l•'ur whrt' is Chtiht yot to tell of U1is st.ory? It is that UlllO is not now wbati ht was •t ftn.t-wh•t he m1y AgtUu booon1e. It b tha" tnau•g present atnio is a falle:u acato-a state q( du.Ut. whatcvor Uli-s 11ULy 1noa.11~ It is th"t Mam clied on tbo vo" <l~y on 'ft•blch b3 Cell, QDd thnl ~hOocefurU1 his iiate a.ucl tJ1a1 O(1)1~ rl~Hooi1(10uf6 hM been • atato of cle:i.th-which sto..te of rlo.11J h, !ol' auythin!l that {l..ppt11u•I) to the contrary, m{ly lUfllll\, obsCUl'l.lotion l.o 1\.ny dc~re.e or Llui divine hongo I" tnu..u, .::ve.n tll tho ex.toot at pre$n1 mot with. Aud tbut , oJi.er all, ins.t.eM1 o( opp()l)ing a difficnll:J' in tho Way or accet>iiug the $4):ript.U.rA1 hi8torj' Of Ull)O, tbts \'"Oty imperl11et.iooa at p.resent 1det tiritli in nuan may. when pn)petl,r iuqu.ircd ioto, only 1nppl1 addilioual oY!donoe in support of lhi. hil<t.>ry.

I n n W•>l'J, I ilad it le1J6 Mlly to l\ocept tho doctline or ovolution which has found 11uch fo.vo11r in Uh> vrosent d1~y tllOJl t-0 b~iev~ Ll~1lt e!LCll ctcn.tll~ W$$.(:r~t-O:~~ ns 1;1 !16l':OfUll\r,Y pnrt of the gtof\.t '\vhol&, pCl:fQ<1 ~. hi it~clf\ :~nfl pe:dcct. H\ its rclMtions to nll (1l11er crootu™, nud to t11e u111\'Cl'iJe 111 wluob ii is pl...od-$0 perfo<~"" IA> dosene lo bo dCl<lribed •t tllo buginning •• 0 \•eey good'" -end that mau originallf ft"1lt no brnt&dMCOOded 83.S\lts. li•ill'.; in " wildom..., 111« fighliftg hU 11111 upwards, •,.P by "'8p, t• • higher levol, but a tle111i0gl)(l1 wo.UOng ancl. ln.lkh1g, ns a ehild wiW l\il: parent., with tbe God iu '\•husu hn~6 ltll wo.s mnd~. until, fi>r ~01uc faulb ul his own, lio \\!11.B dtivcn out i nto tllu wildornoll~ •• "'rctch(lcl, o.nd n1iaeritbl9, nnd })()~r. t\utl bliod, tnHl n11.kod,'1 o..nd S•) fitr vLLi\~ious of l! \'m.·y~hing rolo.Uni:f w lu• hlsh origin•l •• w look 11pon Q<>d ""~ d•<k doi11~• •ory l\lolooh.

Without q11.,.W,,1 th•...,,. arel1•lyp"1 pion ia peroepUblo In die bodl .. of :mtln. and of all animals below tMn in lhe soa1e of being. \Vitbool qoet:1t:Wn it la po5:$ible to OOOJlder roan J)()(UJy M ttt.a.uding nu lhc topme)llt rof.lnd of chis 15c11le, ru:Hl to belie.\'6 th11>L he nu1y ltil\'C gained t~ll.s position by 1uounting 1·ou11tl Mter 1·01111<1 frdtU Lho bott.()111 l/11·ou9,li;.suh-oi:dln1~t.o forms of beb1g, rtud ll.lso tbat thiR !ll'OCotsof t.nonntjug wonkl ba not n Ui ll(I fa.cilit::ttcd by UJo oxlltonce of a-rohotypaJ uu.it.y in rill ercQturcs. llut Ll\er~ is JlOi nooe.sury couu&etion betweru:a lhc doc.ttine tll '''Olation auJ. 1110 doctrine of archetypitl u..uity; and. in fael, the latter doe:lrine iB eqUAlly cml&i&tcnt. wid1 the belle.£ ~hilt ll1tclt round oC Uao scnle ot. ~has is ntway111. ~upied bl tba creature holonging to it, t.hl\L C:l'.Leb croo.t.uru hoo ib O\\'ll om.co to (ulfil in Ha own 1)1\LOfJ no "less ·thnu man in h ia, nnd thl\t i~ i<l a nceel'oau.ry part or A groat wl\olo. \Vithout 9ne.st.lou, uhio, thont tt11U fuo-ls which tthow tltBt Llu),ro is a. law of unity for ntlncl '' ' woll as for l)(>dy, nnd t.lud t.hure 11..nl in t-ho ~tureai balow mM nuli1no11ta of n1ind, \'A'Q'ing. infutltcly iu degree, wl1ich may, pulu~ps. git"& &Omo 1u.ppor4 to tho no'4t)n that tho miud or ma..11 ma.1

ho to botu d•vcloped ool or them h1 a plO<. .... oC e.-olutioo. Bnt he<e •R"in lhe ,..,. objeeti°"" arii;e. which were hinted at ~·hon ._Icing <>Fbody, nnd II 10•1 be ·~ lhat ... cl> croolmc mtnltlllr way be a n..,.,...., par< of a

r.''"' wholo lo <Ybicb the plan oC •••h•11.)"'1 uuUy bears witn .... th•t the .. lance or oxh1l'cnce might be seriouHly (heturbed lf it were 'vauting. tLnd ~~11t -0qo-n.lly whether n.11 eriinturoa wcro fonned upOn the &ame pla.n Ol' 1111t, J c:cuu1oh allow, however, thnt 1ho quc•Uou of evolution is non. oplln !J•l1trdioll. As it· acen1s to mfl, iud(!oll, ~ho ovjdonce of fact ia, to lS.fl.y 1,h~ l111u1t, agn.fost the b4'1ieverli in thia doctl'loo n1tl.1e1: tha.u in their J'nvou1·. At 1tll cre1~ht, Uu:u·~ ifJ n fnot. belonging to 1nh~cl which I can only ro1ul 11& •ho\'flng eouolusively tha.t ma,u ia in $0ino lllyrstorious way eot. l)fT ~roru H111 broto crooti1>n by a.n imp&R1>1t.blo gulf. nnd thi" is tJie regwl11ril1J1 of .,.,.,,,,,/, Pl10t.tentcnt_ which~ it• Mlm~ of tt1 Ul"ptict1, ii •pUkrn of as i114tiNali•·~. l'ha inenli.1 movements o( mau are nut. ~'U.lar in the sense in which

111< ... or tbe brules are regular. lwd bow lt Ibis? b iL that tho Ill.ind 1' man aole irregulady, bottluse man·a J)J"eMnL 11&ale ia ooc, nol of trno .. ,ttc-r, bul ot d.i110rdcrt Is it. that &he 1n@11lul mov<1ments or brn1es nre '"Wnlu betattlO lhe slate.of' thets:o entftlurcti ie one, oot of diwrder. but •. r orde.r 1 There ean be no doubt ar to tho a~wer, which is in nccord· "''ro with Ute pr+!m.iscs. The ''whnle C1r11Alinu gr<>anc'h in bondllge," huL ,l111rt} ia no ronson t;.o belie"Ve tJu, t. tltfi bruto }ins f(\)IE;'.n in tlu> &ru1gc. in whfch iu"n 111-.it fullcu, twd, l·h~rct'1>re1 Jt 1un.y be 15uppo~cd tbo.t tlle rnenln.1 1111>vcmoul8 of &he brute, be th6y a1n1-.ll 1)1• l(rCu.~. uuut be perfeclly lt.d1LjJtud I ~~ hhc ob•etunst.nncea in which Ui<iy hnpJ>®, iu11at hl\vi;I the ehntnc.tet· ot IHAlhw111, in 11hQrt, bOOQUSC it. mny t.11.irly bf.I C<~ncelllsd I.bat tho unimp1vlttl worldnga of mind. nnd of law ~enr,rl\Uy, Al'R tilwoys ~'fur the be1t..11 lu· 1lr~d. when fully read, I feE'J oon"•lnccd thnt JJOtlling will remain i.n t.bo l1l>wry of U16 !4wru' fol'l!IS of lifo to invAllil~~ llie 6011cloeion.s llready ·h'awn rospcctiAg man, and that lhe final rc~ult will be, not t.c. hridgo.­,...,, buL t.o ..-ldeo e<...,...m.n.. the gnlC "'Wah ~ = from tl>o l1nno crention.

8cl.t.l'l'Ot; J.N» TH..l:!OLOGY.-Alt.hcn'fh rny whole life has been spent. iu the -tud.y of th4' ~criptUTes, T am nob cilnl11ot.cn~ to inve5tigate thmn; but I ntn ahlo to know whut i& bcit fo1· tho cruo tUAnl1ood. to kno"· tbtrL love cvars .. wit on: iu lioU-0r tllon hatred- and so nrc you. ..fho Uib1o fnshiona chl\ r11utc1·. 1Pl10 de,~otccfJ who, seeiug the 1;i:1igohiof Of 1\oub~ i-clnsc to dottbt 11.nyi hlug. 1111111 not content wit.Ji denying thm1uu)lv .. 18, U1ough t,bey ·deny to c,vorybo(fy 111-i.1, they a1~y: u You havo got. to tlik.CI tho Diblo 1itcN,l.}Jy i you m 11.11 t 1'C;Jul ll f ui'L "'' 1 t JI." '\'Vhat Dou.sense J Such " l>l"4.1cue1li11g may be We t() mcu •fio were not in danger any way. buti fnr dtO@O ,,.ho don"t want to be Joel 1,y lhe nc>M;1 ili ia dangerous. ·v ou wa..11.o tcttJtiCI of s;~ch m('~ thcir

l·rid• opiDIL bclicl. 'l'bo Bibi• i• full or foot .. and they must. give .... .,. Ii ii mid, ''lo ai.x days God created the Cl\nh." 1.'bo rocla told a difl'crcut.

tli>•1; lh?.J .,., ii took tboo .. ndo or,...... 'lU.ologians""" wrnthy •11d J•¥e tho h• to Nature. But to-day lllo l'Oda have proved lhclr 1rtory, •tad •• know that o da.y ia a 1eason. U'e tn.ke theto cl..'-YIJ for gigantio period11, • 11d goology and theology agree. The rock• bavu not c"bal)ged, but tl1u luW'1Wttntiou ol Genesis h3s. T dcm' t. lftl.y tu )'OlW"' men, "LetlvO acicneo i.luoo j11 but l any. •• Don:t bun·y.11 l .tny~ 'I J)<nl't ~·en~ bttt .$tudy.11 'l.'ho 1111lrltunl 101·04) of t~c Dible gail1s iJl cve1•y grtn\\n,ti<)u, So I acyy to i><: ion~l~t~, 11 Studt u\~ tlu; k11owledge of 1n1nl, llifl 11W111la llility to 6ooial Jifu. Join h"od~ wit .1 tliO Philo.soplu:u-, tb() l.\lc.&.l)lC:thit, tile Spiritu.al.ii;i t~ twcl liocnao 1tNnn11Mt1•Allon hcrsc1t . to C\1c1·y nation." No onQ li1ows mything abou.~ tho Hlblo uut.il it.is to hint the s1une nsi~ n mt'diciuc book in actual siok"OQI. I ho >nodlot.ting power of Ille Bihl• i• thcroCoro ite lifc.- R. W. Bcec/lcr.

... ,, llU\IA'f NA'fUll&.

Yfill:ORJRS sweET A."\"D SAD.

Whm blo•hing ,....bud.I hide their face, Behind tb11ir Joa•et, with eo m.och g,nce. I think of lhy 0"1~l b•••hful ""'Y•

.( 11 torn1~r days. '

'\Vhen sort wlnd111 wtl'f\;ocl f1·01n Ute Sotlth, \ViLh gratofnl ~r1u1co ton >ny mouth, Whal. m"""Ge do •h•1 briug I<> me?

" kUo from lbce.

And e.. d ...... ,., u.. Ulf• 1...r, Like tan Ill•• ~II of oden• grief, Are oo lib.,...,., whoa br thee "'om,

,,,. ... did'at adorn.

ADd when tho Sprlog flow·ra bloom anew, Of vo.ri~<l tlnt nntl 111\luly hue, The ruodeat anow1lnJp, violet 1)leek,

J\ 11 of U100 spcnk.

And then th1 Aun thro' A11rU 11how'rs., Smilet Jo11ins;ty up1u II.lo Dow'ns, ,Jo..-,t like lhy 14ln. IAAI .U la pJ.y

l'ff u.ed ..... ,.

At eYe wh•" @, .. lht DJj!blingale, ~ 1-1ouo - ow eon "'ll"ia. I think I h.,.r thy ""'"• •f!IWI·

llut llel i11 "Va.inf

And when T vi&w tho hol\v'na a.t njght, lleap•uglod with tho •l11r11 of light, I wonde.r i! Utlno own briuhl, oycsi

{Jllto on thVl'e skies.

"'\\'batc'cr i1 lo,.t1l7. guod, and t.rue. Wliateoer puro .. mornl•R doY. Recoils f.md ,.. .. ..; ..... -

Sw..-t lhoughls of lhee ! _,..._,;., .v~ lL A. n ...... -

A)fEll!CA-ORCfANlO INFERIORITY.

J\>1•1uo;. is, in many point~, tho rovoL't!o of tho old continenb. t ~ro~to11t longLh is f:rom north to •011th, in wbieh dirootiorJ )l.u Jll'i11cl p11.l wol1ntain chains n.lAo l'ttll; tlii.8 being in Lrll~b, ita m11Jor, oxi1 It h11.11 ul•o a much larger i.iro11n1·~iou of its total area aootb of t,ht equator. As a. resalt of tin•, combiood, perha.ps, with iL8 oocnn iaolat.ioo, it is obviously a11bjc0Lod to different tellurio and clima

J41

llJ!lncur..e$, ILllil, as a. necessary consequence its lt'lo1:p; nn(l Fa\ll11\ hRve especial characleris>ics, wliich <listingujsh them from those of lho .Enstern Hemisphere. Now the specialities by which tlioy a1·e 1ltll'erenced do not iµd icate thnt those influences nre of an invigorat· 11111 character. ln, the Jlrst ·place, the l!'loni ia \'ery •uporfor to the i r'1~uon, &howh;ig that vegetation is tl.te principal organie produot of lllll Westoi·u Wo,ld; a.nd, consequently, th.at its foi:ces are generally 11101·e negative a,nd feminine t.hildl those of its Eastern rivnl. In t101'respondeuco with this we find that it.a animals ru:e generally lrit'ecior in size and for less vigotons au<l courageous than i-heir ~011geners in the E:1stern Hemisphere. •rhus we find tho alligator In place of the crocodile, the iapir inst.cud of the ele1>ha.nt, nnd the l11uia. it1 lieu of the camel. \VJ.ule the hoP>e ia wholry witt1ti11g, the Jlon hns lost his mane, an<l the mau is deficient in his board. Tl1e ~igus of or!ianic inferio1-ity ure 1lllmistalmbj0, ancl it is equal~y ruani­(ost that they ilrfae from a prepon<lerahug ten<lency to the feminine ll'•ose oi' devclo~:ment. 'l'his, however, being more iuni•ked in t.be 1lo11tl1<U'n Ulan the N orthorn dh•isiou, the last characteristic not hcl11g pe<:1.1lia.r i~• Amt~1·icfi, but at.h1.cbi_r)g e'J'uW.ly, in virtue of t·1ie rolntiot1ship of its maguetfo forces, to the whole globe. .....__

Of the. 01·g11:nic inferiority of uncultured uncolonised America} , J11deea, uo· one do11bts. It is a poii~t 011 whicl\ all Naturalists ancl l!lth.uologists ru.·e agreed. 1Uld, perhaps, a.a a. ueeeasary a<:compnui­loont of t.11is infori01•it.y, there is far less Vlll'foty in tb0 animate r1m us of the New l.han in those of the Old Worl<l. This is seen nllko in its Fcli.dw, Oa.nid:-e, U1·i;.idro, 01· auy other genns we may

11lcase to 11n1ue, its pnucity of forms being ~specially manifes tetl 11 the higher types. A.ud i·h1a eomparah~e po"erly of pro-

1luct.ion, is refleoted iu tlle t;t.riLnge 1u:iifo1·mit.y presented l>y its l111 lllittl inhabita.ol;, in striking contrast to t.bc rich multip)icHy and •hvcrsity afforded by the Ol<l Worl<l. .tl.bodginal America, indeed, had but two men, tl1c Iudian nnil the Esqaimnux, the latter being hut an extension. of the Arclic ))[ougol ol tlte Eastern He.misphere. l\uch indications nre anything bub favourable, a111l speak somewhat discouragingly o:f the fru· future of its l£thuio fortunes, whe,n it shall 11gnin be left pra.ctiea.lly to its ow11 onaided raci·al resouree.s for the o<intinuauco of its mnuhood. ,

Axehruology abtm<lantly dornonstrntes thut America. is now only 111111,ing through the epicycle of ber colonial destiny. 'fhe stu­p_t\udous ea.rthwt>rks in the North- the pyramidal mounds of tb.e Uuut.re- "'13d the Cyclopean roads of tho South nre 11.like demon­•l<Mivo of alien influence aIId Ol<l World immigration. '.1.'hia is n~L the only age in wltich civilised men have swarmed on the ba~tl<s 111 tl1e Obi<>, while Pitlcuquc.wns in ruins ere Uol'tcs subdnea the 111~pire of Montezuma, t\JJ(l Piz~iiro found' tb.e snucLity of the Incas 11 ll'~dit ion from u;., Pnst rat.her than a. ereu.tion of the J.'.1·a.sont. All things show LhM, wi1en discovered by modern Europea.na, America wns in t.bo .Ethnic collilp;;e of eolOllial exhaustion. She h11tl, in Ioug pi-evioos agos, received the racial and intellectual

142 UU)[Al! ,NATURE.

gQrms of a higher phMo of hul)lllnity than their own. And thett had bocn suffioiontly numerous and powedol to evenluale in the pr~dn6tion or ooinparnti~ely st~blo M<I widely dilfnscd forms of olv1llsn.hon; but exeepb in Meitt~o nnil Peru, they had everywhere dis~ppearod, and the wiltl lnclion once more rotuncd ai will over hia bunting grounds on the oneo oullured bu~ lhen,graas-growq owl deserted prairie. While even in tbe remaining chilisecl oontro•, the higher On.no1ulinu blood liad wholly <lisnrpoo.reil ~nd Ila pl11'0 Indian typo nloM aurvived, ex1111t-0<1, no do<tb~. J)y ·the infueio11, but. neverthc'lus, ethuiMlly domina.nl over n 11 alien element.1. Thie, i~ mnel be odmille<l, is fftlber a disooor&ging cycle for modem lrtllisatl1U1tic oolonisls to oontempl•to, who, if ,.;.., and lmwe epough to look steMllly into ~his myst.ic mirror of <lestiny, cn.nnot fail to aoe j,bcrcin 1J1e dim outl ine• of l.beir own rather dorkly-sl1rulow~d futurity. '.fue New World 'hM obviously its own woll-marked Elhu.ic typo, llJld to this oil permanent dwcllon within its couf111•• must ultimntcly conform, or perish in the process or modlfica,tion.~J. W. J nckion.

A PIU\ENOLOGICAL BOOLETY PllOPOSED.

( 7.'o tlu EtUlo•'.) l 80 Alc:ton<lri• l\oad, SI. J'obJt's Wood, N.W.

Snt,-Knowiulj this oxoelleot journal to ho widely circulated amongst thoso inlcreste<l iu Mental Science, I ahould feel greatly obliged by the i>tsertion or lhia lotter.

Not seeing wll)' Fhrcnology a)loulcl have no aocieLy for its pro· motion iD London, when ovary lit1Je hobby pos•o8J!c• t.be advantogc, 1 hnvo plaood m,yeelf in communioatioo willt 14veral Phrtnologiste o[ knowu st~ndi.ng, who ft6>'co with mo, if we can succeed in bring· fog ll e<tflioieob number of titllter•1lh to that splondid syaLem of 11:outoJ PhiloRoJ>LS togothor, to 11ttowp~ the ost1'Llisl1mcut. of a sooioty in Loodou.

I believe lhere are mn11y who oouM and wonltl bring lhe light of muob vohtnblo experianoo to benr on this sn bjoc~, ha.d t.bey the menus, which suoh !IJl hlstitution wonld nJI01·cl, of making publio tho results of llleir inveatigaLion•.

I eay hero, to all inkroated iu ll10 ennse of Phrcnology, "Come forwru;d, an<l show that !ho soicuoo still flourishes "igorously, in spite of the op~osition auil sensolosa ilellhi.l of Hs troth by its ignortlnt, eJt-hougL !Jo-cn.Uotl lenrnA<l, opponents."

~'hose desirous of becoming memb<lrs of the ac>ciot1 will grcutly ol>liRO by forwarding ilioir eoq11irica to lbe nnclersigned, who will snml them tho foll P"rtio11lnrs.

Tru•ttng I h1we not loo far trcspn.ssed on you< vnluablo Apoce, I 1101, 8i1': y6ur Obodient S6l'V~\.1)f.,

. T. A.. SttPIUIM•. J. 13urns, Eaq.

HU1iIAN NA:TtmE. l4l\

IlltOWN, THE MIND ~EA.DER.

Mn, J. B . BnowK, commonly known as the ,Mind Reacler, was a. M•1tl8~ of the Alheuiau Club, Beaoon street, Mou<lay cvpniug, whore hn gave a.n exceedingly intc1·esting exhibition o( Iris peculiar j)O\ver 111 ~be members o( the Ol11b present. As a prelim.ina.ry to the ••• periroeot, Mr. James Redp<tth stated that Mr. Brown wns twenty-! wo years of ngc, was born in St. J,ouis, and had been possesMd of lido power of reading the thought• of other persons all his life. 11'ho faculty became known to him when be wna quite yo1tng, but it u11lr. served to nnnoy him, n.nd until q•1ite lat.ely he has never m&cte lldO of it ili' public. The process is very simple, as follows :-Mr. llrowu, being :first blindfolded, tnkes the hand of some person, no mllttor whom, who is dicec~ed t-0 Gx his mind intently upon some · '111e object in the room, or in nn adjoining apartment. Tbe lho11gbt 11rthis person communicates itself to M::r. Brown's tniud, and ·in 1d11oty-n ino eases OllG of one lmndretl he is able to go directly to 1110 objeci thought of. 'fbe experiments tried, last eve11lug, pre­~hlllGd ttuy frnud or ti·iakcry, nnd wero i11 every ease ell~irely ~ucoessful. ~fr. Brown was blindfolded and taken into another 1'oou1, th e cloo1· cororui.micatiog being clOsed. A gontlem.nn fYotn ~moug the spectators then eo1~cealed n small object in a vase on tho mnntlopieee. Ou ~ft. Brown's ilnt.r1tnce; he being thoroughly ltUurlfolrle<l all the time, he took in his i·ight haucl fuo left hn11d of lllo geutlemnn who bad hidden the Art.iele, and J?laced his leffhun(l oll the genoletllau's forehetul. After st1'ndiug thus for several 1qooncls, he brought the gontlcrunu's le~ hn;nd to his own iorebeM!, 1~11d int.his ~tt.itude 'beg&11 bunt.i1ig" about the roon;i, drnggiug tlie flontlcmnn after him. After making Lhe ronud of the parlour scve1'.al ll111es, be st-0ppecl nud gradu!Llly oil·oled about the fll'eplaee, until hi~ forehead en.me i11 cout1ict \vith tho vase, when ho s lopped nnd 11rono11nce<l it to be the objeot thought of. This expe)·il:notlt wa.g rl•~e11tetl twice with diJfereut gentlemen, who thought of various 11 l ~1ects nbont. t·he xOOlll $. ·

A_ n1<J1·e iULTi<.~ate e:tpc.rimeut was then tried with complete suc-11tl8&. A gcutlc n1au (\\•11om we will call , for COl1\'enience, ?.fr. A.} l•l<)k a smnll nrLlelo Mtl gtwo it to Mr. B. Mr. A. then passed.into 1ut0Lhel' room nnd shut hirusclf oat (Brown beiog· in charge of 11110Lhcr pn,rty in still anotl.101· roout). Mr. B. tQ:en p.sse1l t.hc '"liole f.o Mr. 0 ., ao<1 stepped into a third room, whcu Mr. O. t11<U~d the 1wticlc to Afr. ])., who kept it'. A. a.ncl B. were then '"'<:i>lled, and Brown came in laat; \lliudfolcle1l "" nsual. It will be •oou t.b.-L A. <ll<l not know auything of tile article futthcr t.hi>n that ho J,.d J>"'S.ed it to ])., and D. only knew thn.t it had gone Crom Jii in ti ~ O. ~'.fr . Bro,vu \Vas t,heu "placed in eomm'uuicatiou, .. in t.h'e UJ•uncr described, li'ith Mr. A . lie le<l hiw immcdiatoly to n.; 11. 1yas theu ta ken and led clircotly to O., aud O. to D. Metl'uWhl!e, nul<uown to auy JH'ese1it but themselves, D. hMl slippoo the ar~icle clVor t9 E ., who had taken it and seated himself on t.lw opposite

14~

aido of lho room. On le&rnin11 lb•t D. bad given it to auolh pen>ou Blill, Mr. Brown led him lo E. Mr. Brown lhen ~IAtcd l ho could, in lbc snmc manner, toU lhe loellotion of any pain in p&rt or the body. A gontlomau lltoscnt was s11ffe1ing, IWU, Brown's laking m• hand n.nd placing it to hi.. forehe&!l, ho d' co~orod thnt his dillicully WM n hcndnche. Another bnd II r•i n t\10 h1ie)! oi his neck, nucl "lhirc1 i1naai11ect a paio i•l hi~ hip, 1111 which wcl'o ·looatea by Mr. :01·ow11 without clifficult.y. All tliot M Bxowu c!Ai)ll8 to bo ablo to do i~ ~imply •tf<ted in I\ row wor.la. oou, by placing him•ell iii phyaico.1 communication with tho m · of "uother person, tcll wh•~ tbc.t person is thinking of, J>rovidod I be some piece or objoot which e&n ho reached by him, ancl provi1l tbnt the pereon thinks intonlly of that object or locality. '.!' 01bibilio11 or his onrions power in this respee4 last nigbl was, · all rc>•peols, free from ohfoaoery, and nfforiled a very inll>ruti Mid novol onl4)rtniumont.-Ro.1on (Mass.) Weskl!f Olobe, Jauuu 8, 1876.

E JJ .f 7.'0 RI 4. L N 01' ES.

DJ'. RonnnT YouNo, of Jililiubttl'gh, whose t¥anRlations of th ,Jowillh wriliogi1 a.re so well known, sends us a " Sketch of 1h EvidencCB of Christianity." 'l'hia performance provC11 too much for if it were applied to ll1e Spiritual periodicals aud otl1er writiup oC Ibo lwsl twenly year1, a much moni corurislcnl claim io wviuil~ oould bo round, nn<l far greater rc•ulls 1han in the Jewith pam· phlols now eaU~ the .Bible.

J,oNooN ANTlIBOt>OT.<><>rCAL SooU<TY (~ Ao.ur Snmi:<, Allnrm). Mu, roeeting of t he Society OI\ l.11012th inst., Dr. Ch11>rJ>Ockt 1!'.6'.A., !'rcsltlcnt, iu the olJ~ir, tho following pnpcr wns l'cad- " L il-01·n1·1 DuL<ll• i11 Oltl English Pr.ovin<linli•lllS," by Dr. A. V. W. Bildcors 1'hc uuthor endoavours to su1111ort no.to.in points of the Subluiobq. rinn evolution tl>eory ns app]ieil to linguistic pheuomcnt>. Dr. Simo1s, of New York, exhibited aml described aevern.1 RJ0'1>ti1tn skull• (•ome Ancient) nna remA.rlcod on the correspomliuir l1abit• o \he Ogl>B which tl1ey rep1'CIOD!Ald. Dr. Carter Bloke, Mr. B'. n. Cbw:chlll, llr. A.. L. Lewie, nnd the President, joined in tho iliJI. ouui.on.

!JI' we are careful ond watchful over our words nnd Mrious, w• con huve the moal effective or 1>ll iofiaences, the silonl testimony of II heart nt peaoe.

A >tAN who puta bimae lton tho grouml of mor~l J)fiMi ple, if ~i,, whole world be agninst him, is mightier than all. Never bo ufrt1id of being in the minorities, ao that minorities 111·0 bnaod 11pon princjpJe.