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F APPENDIX C• u • " ' , ' ' " . • ' ' • "

XPA CRITIQUE OF GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES AND§ RESPONSE BY GERAGHTY ft MILLER, INC.

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ATTACHMENT A

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYREGION HI

841 Chestnut Byiidina DOC CONTRU •Philadelphia. Pennsylvania W107 . H0679FR6-EPA. '

Critique of Surface Geophysical Methods In Ceraghty . „ !Miller'* Sampling and Analysis Plan, KI/FS, for -.-"-" sVTwberf, ,„„* loyal. Virginl. OAT£: WJ

FROM* Hindi Snoparsky, Geologistrnwm. Investfgatlon 4 Support Section (3HW23)

Jim Killer, Project OfficerDelmarva/DC/W CRZS (3HW16)

correlated vita sound geologic data, geophysics la an excellenttool for site characterization* However, the limits and applications ofgeophysics must be clearly understood.* Geraghty and Miller's discussionof the proposed .geophysical methods .to be used at the Avtex site is verygeneral and Implies an incomplete understanding of the application andinterpretation of the terrain conductivity and resistivity methods.

- • * - * . , » • • • - -1. According to the discussion on Page 55, first paragraph. Initialstudies Indicated that frequency-domain geophysical methods delineatedcontaminated zones, and the geophysical data compared favorably withmonitoring veil geochemlcal data. It Is unclear as to Which studies thediscussion is referring. Is the data available? Was the geophysicaldata correlated with subsurface stratlgraphic information in addition togeochemlcal data? A clear discussion of the data should be Includeda£nce the results of the study provide the basis for further geophysicalstudies «t Avtex. - - '.

2. The maxima flepth of penetration of the Ceonlcs CM-31D is 6 n (20 ft)(McNeill, 1980)* Thus, this geophysical instrument should not be used atAjtex for detecting the vertical extent of contamination sloe* veil .. *Information has Indicated that the pollution has migrated to at least 100feet below the surface. - •• *

3. For a depth of penetration of 500* feet, the length of the Dlpole-Dipole and Schlumberger arrays should be approximately 2500 to 3000 feet(Mooney, 1980, p 30-6). According to figure 16 In the discussion, theonly proposed transects that are of this length are the 2 transects thatparallel the Shenandoah River. The maximum depth of penetration of theother arrays is approximately 100 to 200 feet, not much deeper than thepresent veil-data.

4* la order to properly detect fracture zones via electrical geophysicaltechniques, cross-spreads of soundings should be run* By this method,one can Infer the existence of fractures if the resistivity values aresignificantly higher In one direction, Implying an anl so tropic condition, f. .According to John Croenirold. geopbyslcist. He* Jersey CeologlcjftfiiiVj / D 1{personal ronaimlcstfoh)» a five-fold decrease In resistivity {increase

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in conductivity) is a good rule-of-thumb for inferring the existence offractures from aniso tropic resistivity data* Ihe proposed locations «f *>the resistivity survey only Indicate cross-spreads at two locations(vicinity of Rlvenaont Acres and viscose basin no. 11). Of course, goodgeologic control is important fo properly interpret the data.

5. Data Interpretation . ,,* - -

a. Results of the terrain conductivity survey should be presentedIn profile fora. , • .; • s

b* Data from Dipole-Dlpole survey should be run through a currentlyaccepted 2-D finite element oodel (e.g. Dey and Morrison, 1976)*

.. e. Data rom Schltnberger airraj «lionld l>e run throqgb « currentlyaccepted algorithm {e.g.USCS cr Hew Jersey Geological Survey vodels)

References Cited . ,

Dey, A. and Morrlson, H.S. (1976)* Resistivity Modeling for ArbitrarilyShaped 2-D Structures, fart I: Theoretical Formulation: Lawrence Berkelylab Report LBL-5223, Univ. California - Berkeley - •

McNelll, J.D* (1980). Electromagnetic terrain Conductivity MeasurementI , at Low Induction Numbersi Geonlcs Ltd* Technical Note TN-6.*~«/ . . . . . . t • : • • • - . • • , , . - ' •

-. ; -

Mooney, H*M. (1980)* Handbook of Engineering Geophysics, Volume 2:Electrical Resistivity* Bison Instruments, Minneapolis*

J GERAGHTYAY& MILLER, INC

iround~Water Consultants

November 24, 1986

LCcIL

Mr. James Miller (3HW16)U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyRegion III . -^841 Chestnut Building -•Philadelphia, PA 19107

Dear Mr. Miller: -% As per our comment* froa the oeeting in-Annapolia onNovember 21 regarding Avtex Fibers, Inc., Geraghty & Miller,Inc., (G£M) has drafted a letter of response to EPA commentson proposed surface geophysical methods. The topics ofdiscussion addressed in this response follow the same orderas appears in the EPA comments of October 31, 1986, by Ms.Hindi Snoparsky.

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1. The frequency-domain EH traverses previously per-formed at Avtex, Front Royal, Virginia, will beincluded as an appendix to the Sampling and Analysis

' Plan. We have included photocopies of the traverse• lines and EH readings with this response. Areas of

anomalously high EM readings for terrain* conduc-tivity correspond to the locations of the recoverywells PW-1, PW-2, and Ptf-*.

2. The preliminary application of thft EM-31 at the Avtexsite is to outline the limits of several olderviscose basins (especially Basins 1, 2, 3, 7, and •).The EM-31 Bay also provide an indication of therelative depth of a basin along any given traverse.This nay be accomplished by assuming that the basinmaterial is laterally homogeneous and i.sotropic andthat the surface along which the transverse isperformed is level* Given the expected high con-ductivity of the basin material (resulting froa highsodium content) and the fixed theoretical depth ofinvestigation of the EM-31, as one traverses froa ashallow area of the basin to a deeper area, thevolume of highly conductive material contributing tothe bulk conductivity value read by the instrumentwill increase, relative to the volume of underlyingmaterial. This will result in a rise in bul*conductivity readings as one traverses froa a shallowportion of a basin to a deeper area. AR3QQ763

844 Wesl Street • Amapofis, Marytanfl 21401 •(301)268-7730

GERAGHTY & MILLER. INC

Hr. James MillerJTovember 24, 1S86Page 2

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Should a more quantitative analysis of the depth ofany given basin be required, a Schlumberger resis-

' tivity sounding can be performed* Given the expecteddepth of the basin, the required electrode spreadwould be minimal. This would allow for such a surveyto be carried out fairly rapidly.

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3. In the geophysical work plan task proposed by G&H,the 500-foot depth of penetration that was discussedwas merely en indication of the capabilities of the

• Scintrex RAC-S system versus the selected arrays andidealised field conditions. GSM was not stating thatthe surveys proposed at Avtex were to probe thesubsurface to a depth of 500 feet. The primarypurpose of conducting the resistivity survey is toexplore for major fracture zones within the tipper 100to 200 feet of bedrock that may be acting as conduitsfor the transport of degraded fluids from beneath the

' Avtex facility. ^ The maximum Schlumberger spreadrequired to obtain such a depth of penetration is onthe order of 1000 to 1500 feet. As is presented inFigure 16 of the Sampling £ Analysis Plan, allproposed;- Schlumberger sounding locations allow forelectrode spread of this length.

- The depth of investigation of the Dipole-Dipole arrayIs A function of dipole spread and the maximum dipole• spacing obtainable (n-value), gives the current Andr voltage-output capabilities of the Scintrex 3tAC-8system. In order to obtain a theoretical depth ofinvestigation of 100 feet with a dipole spread of 25feet, a dipole .spacing of n-7 would be required.This results in a total array length of some 225feet. Considering the length of the proposed Dipole-Dipole traverses and the power output capabilities ofthe Scihtirex system, fairly lengthy resistivitypseudosections to a theoretical depth of 100 to 200feet are possible. -\ v t

4. Ideally, resistivity sounding cross-spreads should berun in an Attempt /to determine If anisotropicconditions are present (i.e., existence of lithologiccontacts within the current electrode spread).Knowledge of such information allows for a morerepresentative interpretation of the resultingebility to perform sounding cross-spreads 'may benegated by existing field circumstances.

GERAGHTY & MILLER. INC.

Mr. James MillerNovember 24, 1986Page 3

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At the Avtex site, as is normal at most industrial_. complexes, cultural and topographic obstacles act to

dictate the locations .where geophysical surveys mayor may 'not be run. Due to such conditions, theutilization of sounding cross-spreads is not physi-cally possible at most of the proposed soundinglocations. This is not to say thnt resistivity

: soundings cannot be : run and reasonable Intcrpreta-~ tions obtained. Enough information has been gatheredregarding the local geology at this facility to allowvalid interpretations of sounding data without thedesired cross-spread sounding information*

5a. It was the intent of G&M to present the EM-31 terrain. - -. conductivity data in the fora: of individual profiles

and in the form of terrain conductivity contour maps.. -Profiles and maps would be produced for both horizon-tal and vertical coil configurations.

5b. The purpose of performing the Dipole-Dipole Survey isto establish the presence of major, fracture zones inthe underlying bedrock and to estimate their attitude(strike and dip). This can be accomplished byrelatively simple -contouring and. analysis of the

••-•• resulting apparent resistivity pseudosections.Considering the relatively limited availability of

'. :.. accepted- i-a..finite element, models and the expenseassociated with main frame computer tine required toexecute them, the utilization of such an interpreta-tive method should be reserved until such time thatmanual methods of interpretation prove to be useless*

5c. Many forward and inverse modelling programs arecurrently available for personal computers. G&M willconsult with EFA when the time comes, if softwarepackages • are to be used over traditional curvematching techniques for resistivity sounding datai n t e r p r e t a t i o n . . , . , .

AR300765

GERAGHTY# MILLER. INC

Kr. James KillerHovesfcer 24/1986Page 4.-_.

J ; <...'- ' : ' •' • ; :~ - ';:^^-.v v ' . - • 'i G&K hopes that these responses clarify the intended use

•' ; of surface geophysical techniques in support of the AvteacL Remedial Investigation. 6£M does not see a change in

position or strategy of the documented methods for surfacegeophysics. . ; . • /./,^Vp.-/\" _ --. >. ; '.->-', :" •.C. ' . . . ' -,-'., ""•' -• •If you have further .comments regarding techniques or

their practical application/ pleasa let us Jtnov.!;•'„ • t- • •'- ' : ". ' " - - - •-.""Stoicereiy, . - . - - ./

',- CERAGHTY t MILLER, INC."fif ! '••' • ' "-." ".Li 5/*

Robert Fargo \^Staff Scientist

Lr "Enclosures

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APPENDIX D

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN REVISIONS——IN RESPONSE TO DEFICIENCIESSUBMITTED BY EPA REGION HI

MARCH 16, 1987

fiR300770

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GERAGHTY^ MILLER ,INC -,

OVERVIEW

Appendix D to the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) forthe Avtex Fibers, Inc., Front Royal, Virginia, facilityrepresents the compilation of responses to comments receivedfrom U.S. EPA in their letter of March 16, 1937.

All comments pertaining to the SAP are detailed hereinand are considered to be incorporated changes to the documentam a vtalff. Changes vita respect to quality assurance/quality control are presented in the same format as anappendix to the QA/QC plan.

AR30077I

D-2

GERAGHTY & MILLER. INC.

ERRATA SHEET

page Comment

2-1" "Sulfate" replaces "surlfate"15-6 "Carbon disulf ide" replaces "carbon bisulfate"

15-6 "BOD5" replaces «BOD5H15-19 "Carbon disulfide" replaces "carbon bisulfide"15-22

15-22 "Cleanup streams'1 replaces "cleanup steams"SOP-7.0

7-3 "fully charged" replaces "finally charged"

SOP-11.0 "CS2 and H2S" replaces "CS2 and H2S"

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GERAGHTY & MILLER. INC. "'£<(*£,

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Comment 2.C Audit Sample

Geraghty & Miller, Inc., will make arrangement through•v* EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, to obtain an audit sample with

V A)JC compounds of interest at Avtex. This sample will have (ift?) possible) carbon disulfide, phenol, sulfate, sodium ,N and zinc

. ty ' at Known concentrations. G&M will request this sample fromEPA during the final round of ground-water sampling (earlyJuly) for delivery to Cambridge Analytical Associates, Inc.

Comment 1 Bench-Scale Treatabilitv Study

The bench-scale study is scheduled to begin by aid Juneand continue for possibly 22 weeks. Since the Remedial

\L/ Investigation draft report is due prior to the termination ofJ the bench study, all information and conclusions pertaining

to the bench study will become part of the FeasibilityReport. Monthly updates of progress will be submitted toEPA.

Comment 2 Rivcraont Acres Monitor Veils

As is stated in Section 9.0, eleven (11) wells atRivermont Acres will be sampled during the preliminary andfinal rounds of ground-water collection and analysis.

Well Number Name

GM-2AGM-2B177 Young181 Schilling137 Smith141 LongerbeamFRUM FRUM179 tfeatherholtx

D-4

c' ..GERAGHTY & MlLLER. INC. /*'"•'

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locations for these wells are presented as figure D-l.'. *' " ' fi '" •-- -'.",-. *

Avtex and GMt have stated /that four (4) wells within the"zone of egradation viil be sampled and analyzed forvolatile and xtractiaile HSL compounds.' The zone o«, degrada-tion extends from Avtex. property to Rivermont Acres.

'

? 'Vj" -// ; Rivermont AcresYoung)^ - ' / " : Rivermont Acres

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CPPanent 3- Bench-Scale study

- . -Within Section 15;o, j procedures for the bench-scale

treatability study are detailed. : Splits/ duplicates, andreplicates are to ,i»e,;ca3nsidercd :ms ,«yncttiomous terms, Avtex;has In- house capabilities *o perform the bulk of the analy-ses. njie exceptions - we Cotal Kjelfiahl Hitrogen (TKN) ,phenol, and carbon disiuif ide\ (GCMS) . During the tests, AvtexwiH perform in-house Sampling 'and analysis as per theSChCdule detailed a« Section 15. o;, Table 6. Avtex will."«ly«« «or carbon disuliidi in-house by colorimetric methodduring each volumetric etkp.J Samples will also go toCambridge Analytical for -analyses by GCKS. Samples for TKNand phenol will also be anajy ei by Cambridge Analytical.

;, • •'-•!'" #\ .- ^

Avtex will send a eet 'of duplicate samples, at a rate ofonce per volumetric step for Jtotal analyses for paBlisted en Xablec ,for,,comparison to, Internal Analysis

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GERAGHTY & MILLER, INC.

Comment 4 Typographical'Errors

See ERRATA SHEET

D-7

HR3.0077B

GERAGHTY ff MILLER. INC.

BESPOWSES TO COMMENTS BY DIANA PICKENS - EPA CHEMISt

Comment 1 Selection of Geotechnical Laboratories

Avtex and G&M, In an effort to characterize the viscosewaste material to evaluate potential remedial techniques willcollect and analyze viscose-basin samples for parameterspresented in Section 2.0, Table 3. v

Two laboratories will be involved in this effort. Allelemental analyses as well as ASTM E-Series tests will be

«, performed by SRE Analytics, Inc. , of Hatboro, Pennsylvania.~* "Qualifications and procedures for the company are presented

ftV as Exhii>it p*l. ASM ,_Dr series geotechnical tests shall beanalyzed by Froehling & Robert son , Inc., of Richmond,

' Virginia* The fimfs qualifications and audit procedures are* presented as Exhibit D-2.

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AR300777

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GERAGHTY & MILLER. INC.

EXHIBIT 0-1H " * . ^ - ,! .

SRE ANALYTICS, INC.•QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM

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SRE ANALYTICS. INC.

QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM

I. CHAIN OF CUSTODY

•Chain of custody allows a client's samples to be transported and handledwhile maintaining sample Integrity and preventing tampering. In-house chainof custody allows -for vasy location In tht laboratory during the sample analysisregimen*

A. Sample Retrieval:

The sample chest Is filled with empty bottles containing the appropriate •labels and preservatives as required. It is then sealed and the chainof custody sheet is signed by the employee who sealed it. Upon deliveryto the client, the seal is broken, samples are taken, bottles filled,and the labels completed* The bottle labels are initialed by the samplingtechnician and the chest is resealed by same. Cold packs are placedbetween the bottles to maintain a 40°F (4° C) temperature In the chest.The chest is returned to SRE Analytics, Inc. for log-In procedures andsubsequent analysis.

B. Sample Log-in:

The sample chest la opened by the log-in personnel who* after the seal_ . la broken, will initial the chain of custody form. All Incoming samples,

whether retrieved by SS£ Analytics or delivered by clients, will beentered in the sample log-in book. Entries will include Client Name,In-house Client Number f(left) - Sample I (right) code. Client SampleIdentification, Date Code, Time-Code* Expiration Date Code, Analysesrequested (Analytical code numbers on accompanying pages) , Additionalinformation and Log-in personnel initials. Log-in personnel will beresponsible for delivery of samples to first priority analysis areastogether with the In-house chain of custody sheets. First priority analysesare those requiring analysis within the shortest time after sampling.

C. Sample Analyses:

The technician performing the first priority analysis will initial theIn-house chain of custody sheet upon receipt of samples from log-In personnelTh* In-house chain of custody sheets will be initialed and dated (time)each time the samples are transferred to a different preparative-analyticalstation. Each technician is responsible for ensuring the timely transferof the samp.Ua to the next order priority analytical scatrequire more than one work day to complete, the camples are transferredto the appropriate holding area, refrigerated if necessary until thenext work day* In-house custody sheets will remain at the analyticalstation where work Is pending as a reminder to the technician. No sampleswill be allowed to clutter any work area.

i i-">

I., CHAIN OF CUSTODY (CONTINUED)

D. Sample Disposal:

Upon completion of 'analyses, samples will be renoired to the adjacent samplestorage area and arranged in chronological order. All samples are tobe kept for one month (30) days) after completion of analyses. This allowsfor retestlng of samples If and when requested by the client. Sampleswill be disposed of properly* according to their non-hazardous /hazardousnature.

'• >: • '- ' •••-.-' • " "' '' :" ' l " VE. Data Reporting: *"• ' :

... The analytical data generated will be submitted to the Laboratory. Directorfor review. Completed chain of custody forms will accompany the data.After review by the Laboratory Director, the results will be submittedfor typing and both the original and a copy of the typed results willbe returned to the Laboratory Director for filing. The original typedresults will be sent to the client along with chain of, custody forms*If requested. ... -

II. QUALITY ASSURANCE ..\' I;

Quality assurance Incorporates the usage of a laboratory methods manual employingtest protocols extracted from EPA documents* personnel training, keeping dataIn laboratory notebooks* and recording instrument maintenance/calibrationand reagent solution preparation. This part of the QA/QC program constitutesthe backbone of the analytical testing regimen.

A, - J-eboratory-:iIethods Manual; " -

-Every nev SRE Analytics, Inc. laboratory employee will be given a copy. of tfce laboratory Methods Hannal, The entire range of testing performedat SHE Analytics, Inc. ' Is Contained in this manual, which has been extractedfrom EPA methodology and which Is prepared In a form easily understoodby the new personnel. Included for each analysis parameter are equipmentrequired, reagent solutions, Instrumental techniques, calibration data*QC Methods used (replicates* spikes, etc.) and other pertinent Information.Each new employee is expected to be veil acquainted with the entire manual*even though they will be performing specific testing. The manual willbe updated, and new methods will be added, with the approval of theLaboratory Director. Methods will undergo rigorous QC performance testing

; before being accepted as a part of the analytical scheme.

B. Personnel Training: .

'Each new employee will undergo a training period, as required by his/herspecific duties* by senior laboratory personnel and the LaboratoryThe extent of training will depend largely on the employee's prioraad will «over all appropriate test vethods and Instrumentation, Eachnew employee will be tested by -the Laboratory Director or his designateupon completion of the training period. If the new employee still demonstratesareas of weakness* additional training will be given until his/her knowledge

.. is deemed satisfactory by the Laboratory Director.

Page 2 of 8

II. QUALITY ASSURANCE (CONTINUED) .

C. Laboratory Notebooks:

Laboratory personnel will be issued a personal laboratory notebookto record their training and other Important Information pertaining tolaboratory operation. Each analytical parameter will also have anIndividually bound notebook to record results by date, customer.Identification number* sample number and technicians* initials.

These notebooks will be the back-up for the analytical results submittedto the customer. All notebooks will be written in Ink (no red) and incorrectentries will have a single Una draw* over them* permitting easy viewing

... of the rejected data. Pages ara not X* be removed under any circumstances.Notebooks shall not leave the building under any circumstances and,when completed, are to be filed in the Laboratory Director's office.The Laboratory Director will review and initial them before final archiving.

D. Instrument Calibration/Maintenance:

Each analytical parameter requiring the use of an Instrument will havea notebook for maintenance and calibration records. Each instrumentwill be calibrated initially according to the manufacturer's instructions.After this Initial calibration, future calibration will be performedper the specific Instrument QC procedures, as required in the laboratorymethods manual.

Maintenance of each Instrument will also be recorded In this notebook,whether It is performed by SRE personnel or outside service technicians.A descriptiom of the parts serviced of replaced, along, vita observeddisassembly notes and troubleshooting techniques, "ill be entered. Includingthe technicians* initials and date. Weekly instrument maintenance will

- be noted 1m the appropriate- instrument maintenance log. Any problems__ -< encountered when servicing the instruments will be duly noted and presented

to the Laboratory Director for rectification.

E. Reagent Solution Preparation:

Laboratory reagent solutions requiring standardization will be analyzedfor initial tlter, recording the data in a laboratory notebook. Thedate of preparation, titer (initial), expiration date and Initials oftechnician preparing the, solution will be entered in this notebook andon the reagent bottle label. The solutions will be re-analyzed as requiredaccording to the laboratory methods manual.

Solution preparation will be performed in a designated area of the laboratory*removed from the analytical test stations. This prevents the accumulationof unnecessary glassware in the testing area. Toxiclty informationspecific to the particular solution will be Included on the labato 300781.(vis; cyanides, acids, alkalies). : MMWU u

Page 3 of 8

II. QUALITY ASSURANCE (CONTINUED)

C. Reagent Solution Preparation: (continued)

Technicians will be responsible for ensuring the "freshness** of reagentsolutions and vlll replace those solutions which have reached theirexpiration date or exhibit color change, precipitation, crystallization,etc. Solutions are to be properly stored (refrigeration, light exclusion,etc.) according to recommendations in the laboratory methods manual.

F. Laboratory Glassware:- . ' vLaboratory glassware will be maintained scrupulously clean. Glasswareintended for specific use (e.g. AA, GC, etc.) will be narked (etched)

_ l^emd only ttsed for that purpose* No chromic acid cleaner vlll be used~" in cleaning glassware vsed for vtetals analysis. Proper cleaning techniquesare found in the laboratory methods manual.

III. QUALITY CONTROL ., > *

Quality control at SRE Analytics* Inc. involves the routine applicationof .procedures Co obtain the desired levels of method and Instrumental performance.These procedures Include spiking camples to determine accuracy and analyzingreplicates on the "n"th cample for precision.

Spiking a sample involves introducing a known concentration of a standardsolution into the sample which will effectively double the concentrationof the sample. The percent recovery of the known concentration of thestandard is thus determined. : -• ~

-:,, . ., Replicates (duplicates, triplicates) .are analyzed on samples to detemiaethe precision or reproduclblllty of results.

Both spiking and replicate analysis alata are used to calculate an jc. controlvalue which Is used In the quality control Shewhart graphs. In additionto replicates and spikes, blanks and standards are routinely analyzed Inthe quality control program.. The frequency or "n" number for the controlsample varies for the different analytical parameters which are listed .below.

A. Wet Chemistry .'. .-• v>-^ : ' , ' ^: — : ' '•" -': ' '"'-' '' ' -'

I. Titrimetrie analyses: . r

«. Record the standardization titer of the tltrant.

b. One blank and standard for each set of analyses.

c. One replicate for every 10 samples.

. . , 2. Spectrophotometric analyses.- AnJUU/0£v—r • ' , -" "

a. A new calibration curve for each set.

b. One blank and standard for each set.

c. One replicate for every 10 samples.

III. QUALITY CONTROL (CONTINUED)

A. Wet Chemistry (continued)

3. Gravimetric.analyses: .

a. One blank* standard and replicate every 20 samples.

B. Metals Analyses (ICP* Zeeman): . -

1. Preparation and recording of nev: standards weekly. x

1. Calibration daily,

3. One replicate for every 10 samples. '

4. A calibration check for every 10 samples.

5. One spike for,every, twenty samples.

C. 'Organic analyses (CC, GC/MS):

1. Preparation of standards will be recorded. ,•

2. Calibration daily.

3. Every 20 samples will Include one blank, one spiked blank*one spike sample and one replicate.

•4. On* blind sample per week.

5* CC/MS will have tore* surrogate compounds addtd ta a sanpia ineach set of botfc Acid & Base/Wetxtral analyses.

6. The GC/MS will be tuned on DFTPP daily.

D. TOC, TOX analysis:

1. Preparation of standards will be recorded.

2. Calibration daily.

3. Every 30 samples will include one reagent blank* one delonizedwater blank* one spiked blank, one spiked sample and one replicate.

«,

4. Recallbratlon every 25 samples.

•AR.aOO.78

Page 5 of 8

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111. QUALITY CONTROL {CONTINUED)

E. Data Handling:

Data received through replicate and spike analyses is interpreted usingthe Shewhart-QA/QC control chart system. The Shewhart graph plots expectedvalues with t 1, 2, 3 multiples of the standard deviation for percentrecovery against number of samples. Values within 2 standard deviationunits are in control, values within 2 to 3 standard deviation unitsare warning control and values' greater than 3 standard deviation unitsare out of control. This method measures accuracy of the da ta. A differentmethod Is utilized for determining the precision in duplicate analyses.The quality control data generated 1* interpreted by,the quality control

. supervisor, remedial measures are take* if required, an* the data iskept OB file.

F. Remedial Measures:

When quality control data displays frequent warning control or out ofcontrol situations, the Quality Control Supervisor must determine theorigin, of the problem* whether it be operator, instrument or standard-related. Once an answer is found, quality control-data will be expectedto return to control range or further measures must be employed. TheSRE Analyticst Inc. Quality Control Program will be a continuing effortto maintain data reliability.

SR300785

Page. 7 of 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SRE Analytics. Inc. derives Its QA/QC program from the following documents:

XU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1979. Handbook for Analytical Quality

. . . -• Control ia Water «nd Haatewater.Laboratories. Cincinnati^ OH.rPA-600/4-79-019.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. I960. Manual of Analytical Methodsfor the Analysis of Pesticides In Humans and Environmental Samples.Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/6-80-038.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Determination of 2, 3, 7, 8 -.. TCDD In Soil and Sediment., Region VII* Kansas City, KS.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. National Enforcement Investiga-tlon Center Policies, and Procedures Manual. Denver, CO. EPA-330/9/78/001-R.

flfi300786

Page 6 of 8

D-17

GERAGHTY & MILLER. INC.

EXHIBIT D-2

FROEHLING & EOBERTSON, INCQUALIFICATIONS AND AUDIT PROCEDURES

AR300787 -

D-18

SINCE

FROEHLING & ROBERTSOIY, INC.FULL SERVICE LABORATORIES •ENGINEERING/CHEMICAL"OVER ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SERVICE"

CONFIDENTIAL

Richmond, Virginia. April 22, 1987

Geraghty t Miller, Inc. N844 West Street , i;Annapolis, Maryland 21401

Attentions Mark Wagner

Gentlemen! • ? . . . - •

Froehling t Robert son, Inc. , is pleased to present ourqualifications and preliminary price schedule for performing thelaboratory testing, a* requested by Mr* Jessup of Geraghty cMiller, Inc. •«---•> f

QUALIFICATIONS

Our firm was first started in Baltimore, Maryland in 1876and moved to Richmond, Virginia in 1881. We have been a memberof ASTM since 1904, and we are also charter members of theAmerican Council of Independent Laboratories (ACID and theWashington Area Council of engineering Laboratories (WACEL), Weere inspected yearly by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We areAlso periodically inspected by other private industries. •

Oar firm maintains an in-house Quality Control anaAssurance program. Two quality control people are maintained toinspect every operation within our firm. Our in-house program isdesigned from a program put forth by ACIL. Please consult theenclosed materials for any other information you deemappropriate. <-:s* ----- *•* "

BRIEF HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN

Your firm has provided us with a brief overview of thematerial we will be testing. We propose to perform this work inan area of positive ventilation (i.e. chemical hood). Our ipersonnel will be using the appropriate type of eye protection,gloves, aprons and respirators. Vc will monitor any vaporsproduced by each sample. We will want a detailed report of *nwknown contaminants in these samples prior to testing. *

. - 4R300788

HEADQUARTERS: 3015 DUMBARTON ROAD* BOX 275 W» RICHMOND. VA 23261*TEL (804) 264-2701 >•••• _

.FAYETTEWLLE. NC • GREENVILLE. SC • NORFOLK.VA • RALEIGH, NC • ROANOKE,VA-LYNCHBURG.VA

CONFIDENTIAL

PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATE

Procedure Test Price ea.ASTM V

1. D-OHF Liquid Limit & Plastic Limit $ 90.00

2. 0-8S4 Specific Gravity 01 Soils $ B0,0t)

3. D-422 Method for Particle SizeAnalysis of Soils $ 80.00

4. D-2166 Unconfined CompressiveStrength $ 150.00

5. D-2435 One Dimensional Consolidation7 Load Increments . $ 400.00

6. D-427 Shrinkage Limits $ 220.00

Corps ofEngineers

7. Appendix II Unit Weight $ 50.00

B» Manufacturer *sSpecs. . Hand Vane Shear - - $ 35.00

f*,.. In-House , :Specs. Extrusion of Shelby

Tube Sample $ 50.00

These prices are based on an estimate of 40 samples. Theactual number of samples to be run will need to be known to usprior to confirming price data. Some special handling andequipment will need to be purchased to facilitate the possibletoxic nature of these samples. Minimum testing would not allowus to recover these expenditures. This is the reason why thenumber of samples and the number of tests will be critical to oarpricing. ..

AR300789

D-20

f'MCf

CONFIDENTIAL

information from us, do .not

Very truly, yours,

ohn P. Casrsidy, ManagerGeotechn ic

David K. Hoebeke, P.E.Geotechnical Engineer

JPC/DMH/dw

AR300790

0-21

& ~US Army Corps.T*? of Engineers '

:•; South Atlantic Division

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DIVISION LABORATORYMARIETTA. GEORGIA

LABORATORY INSPECTION REPORT

FliOEHLLiG A!!D RODERTSOIf

, RICHMOND; VA.FOR

NORFOLK DISTRICT

REQN. NO. - KORK ORDER NO.2 APRIL 1985

0-22

... • ....;/;; :-^ '---' Y. SUMMARY . ..

General; The FAR Laboratory in Richmond, Va* is a spacious, well equipped

facility. All of the loading devices have been calibrated within the past

year. .

Concrete and Aggregate Testing; Concrete mixture designs are performed mtthe F&K Laboratory. Flexural and compressive tests are performed on concret

specimens. The supplemental tests and aggregate tests are performed, without

deficiencies. Concrete specimens are cured in a oioist curing .xoonu -

Soils Testing; The basic soils tests are performed without deficiencies.

Bituminous Testing; Asphalt concrete mixture designs are performed. The

extraction and marshall procedures are performed without deficiences.

4K3007S2

0-23

SADEN-FL 2 APRIL 1985O

•

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYSOUTH ATLANTIC DIVISION LABORATORY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS

611 SOUTH COBB DRIVEMARIETTA, GEORGIA 30060-3112

LABORATORY INSPECTION REPORT

x

Laboratory Inspected: Jroehling & Roberts onAddress: 3015 Dumbarton Road, Richmond Va.

Telephone Number: 804-644-3025

Dates of Inspection: 5 March 1985 Work Order No* 4354

Requesting Office: Norfolk District Requistion Ho. IF-85-07

Inspecting Personnel: Jack Ford, Jr & Ron Buck

Laboratory Personnel Interviewed During Inspection: Harold Smith, ClydeMallory, Bill Caish.

INTRODUCTION

1. An inspection to determine the capability of the above facility t

perform the field control tests required for Corps of Engineers constructloby the methods and procedures specified in the specifications (elthe

directly or by reference to standards) was conducted on the date indicated.

THE CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT ARE NOT TO BE USED FORADVERTISING, PUBLICATION, OR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES.

AR300793

2D-24

SADEN-FL - ) 2 APRIL 1985. -

\ / REFERENCES . . • ; : .

2. The various standards, manuals, and other references referred to in

this report are listed in the Appendix. Specific references are identifiedin the body of the report by a number in parenthesis.

•- - ' - x ' ' :.•' FACILITY AND STAFF

3. The Froehling & Robertson laboratory in Richmond is a spacioifacility. The appropriate ovens, scales and thermometers are available. A

. ' ' . ? - - " ' - , - ' - •moist curing room is available for curing concrete specimens.1 Lime 'saturate

... -t • _ . i': ' " . • •->

water tanks are located in the curing room for curing flexural specimens. Ti

1 million pound universal testing machine was last calibrated in August 196The Rainhardt Beam Tester was calibrated last in February 1984.

'. *£

4. As required by ER1110-1-261, the laboratory management, supervision,

and staff generally comply vithASTM £ 329, "Standard Recommended Practice 'for Inspection and Testing Agencies for Concrete, Steel, and Bituminous

Materials as Used in Construction*1; Sefe Table 1. The laboratory also

generally complies with ASTM D 3740, "Standard Practice for Evaluation of

Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock As

Used in Construction11, and ASTM D 3666, "Standard Practice for Inspecticand Testing Agencies for;Bituminous Paving Materials".

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6RIGIIMI

•SADEN-FL - 2 APRIL 1985

•

BASIC TESTING CAPABILITIES

5. The laboratory fcas the necessary equipment and personnel are qualified-' ' ' •••"" • ''*". >'"• ' '-'.: : • ' ' • " ' . '' ~ -" ' '• '

perform the following basic tests:- (a) Slump of Portland Cement: Concrete (CKD-C 5) (ASTM C 143).

. : " • - . *, "'• j- "° A . . ' ,. , " • ^"(b) Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

^ : <CRD-C €> {ASTM C

(c) Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

(CRD-C 41) (ASTM C 231). A•« i ..... ~ •• - - • - • _•* ^ — .. - -

(d) Capping Concrete Specimens for Compression Tests (CRC-C 10 & 29)

(ASTM C 617).

(e) Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates (CRD-C 103)

(ASTM C 136).

<f):- Material Finer Than Ho. 200 Sieve (CRD-C 105) jUSTM.C 117}.

(g) Making and Curing : Concrete. Test Specimens (CRD-C 11)

(ASTM C 31).

(h) Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders (CRD-C 14) (ASTM C 39)

(i) Flexural Strength*of Concrete (CRD-C 16) (A5TMC 78).

(j) Unit Weight, Marshall SUbility, and Flow of Bituminous

Mixtures (MIL STD 620Af Method 100).

,. _ - - flR300796

(Kerf).SADEN-FL 2 APRIL 1985

(k) Extraction Test (ASTM D 2172).

Compaction Test (AASHTO-T-99 & T-180) (ASTM D 1557, D 698).

(m) Atterberg Limits (MIL STD 621A, Method 103) (AASHTO T-89, T-90)

(ASTM D 423, D 424) (EM 1110-2-1906).

(a) GraiaSiie Analysii of Soils (ASTM D 422) (EM 1110-1-190S).

(o) Density of Soil In-Place, Sand Cone Procedure (MIL STD 621-A),

Method 106) (AASHTO X 191) (EM 1110-2-1907) (ASTM D-1556).

6* The laboratory performs the following basic tests but is deficient i

equipment and/or procedures as noted:

(A) Soil Compaction Tft*t (MIL ST5 &21A, Method 100, Cl 55)

(EH 1110-2-1906)The 10.0 Ib and 5.5 Ib. sliding veijht compaction hantmers forperforming the Milt Std. and EM 1110-2-1906 compaction in

accordance with procedures.

.SUPPLEMENTAL TESTING CAPABILITIES

7. The laboratory has the necessary equipment and personnel are qualified

to per fora the following supplemental tests: —

(a) Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse AggregatesAR300797

D-2B

SADEN-FL 2 APRIL 1985• ' - . , • '

(CRD-C 107) (ASTM C 127).

(b) Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregates (CRD-C 108)

^ (ASTM C 128).

(c) Concrete Mix Design (CRD-C 3) (ACI 211.1-77) (ASTM C 192).

(d) Organic Impurities in Sands for Concrete (CRD-fc 121) (ASTM C-40).

. <«) Soundness «f Aggregate l>y Use of Sodicm Sulfate or Magnesium

Sulfate (CRD-C 137) (ASTM C 88) (Federal Specification SS-R-406C).

(f) 'Resistance to Abrasion of Small Sice Coarse Aggregates by Use of

the tos Angeles Machine (CRD-C 117) (ASTM C 131).

(g) Hollow-Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units (CRD-C 66) (ASTM C 90).

(h) Moisture Content of Hardened Concrete by the Relative Humidity

Method (CRD-C 76) (ASTM C 427).

(i) Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Block (CRD-C 73) (ASTM C 426).

(j) Mortar Resign for Unit toxonry (ASTM C 270).(k) Asphalt Mixture Designs (MIL STD 620A).

RECOMMENDATIONS

8. The laboratory be approved for conducting tests listed in paragraphs

5 and 7.

9* The laboratory not be approved for conducting tests listed in paragraph

6 until the deficiencies noted therein are corrected. The correctionof these deficiencies may be confirmed by Project or District personnel^. Xo the event that any of the tests listed in paragraphs 6\ are not

SADEN-FL

required for a specific contract, then DO further action would berequired for those items in connection with that particular contract.

Appendix - ReferencesJACK P. FORD, JH.Civil Enjifieerinj Technician

DISTRIBUTION: Report

NAOEN-DG (Original)SAWCO-C WILLIAM L. TI50N.

Supervisory Civil Engineer

AR300799

>•<•*"'kH SADEK-FL \ \ , - . , - - • 2 April 1985

APPENDIX -

1. HandbooV for Concrete and Cement Vlth Quarterly Supplctoents- 'U.S. Amy Engineer Watervays Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi,August 1949. y

v2. ASTM Standards-'. Amfrif an Society for Testing «nd Katerialt,191$ Race Ctrtct. FhiUdelphlA, !*nn*ylvAni* 191D3. -

3. Laboratory Soils Tea ting. DI 1110-2-1906, Department of the Army,Corps of Engineer*, Office of the Chief of Engineer*, November 1970*

- '•' 1. j- • ; ' "<

4. Soil Smpllne- Bi 1110-2*1907, tepartment- of the Army, Cerpfi ofEngineers , Office of the Chief of Engtneera, March 1972.

5. Standard Speclficationa for Hlthvav Katerialg and Kethodc of Samplingand Testing. American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials, Washington, D.C., 1978. v ^

6. Test Methods for Pavement Subgrade. Subbase. and Base-Course Materials.Military Standard 621-A, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., 1964.

-7.' Test Methods for Bituminous Paving Hatcrials. Military Standard 620 -A,Department of Defense, tfashinston, D.C», 1965.

8. Unified Soil Classification System for Roads. Airfields. Embankments.and foundations. Military Standard £193, Departoent «f Defense,"Washington, D.C., 1968. ' , '

9. Standard Recomnended Practice for Selecting Proportions for KormalWeight Concrete » Standard 211. 1-77 r American Concrete Institute,Detroit, Michigan, 1979. ; , "\ '-' 5 '<- •} ? . {

10. Specifications. Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements forCocmerelal Weighing and Measuring Devices. National Bureau of Standards,Handbook Forty-Four, U.S. Deparfeaent of Coonerce, Washington, D.C., 1965.

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GERAGHTYd* MILLER. INC.

Comnetit *7-S Container" Requirements

All samples of waste material collected for metals listanalyses (Table 2) will be packaged in plastic containers.

Comment 7-10 Sample Identification Labels

Geraghty & Miller, Inc., will insure that the sampleidentification labels have notation for preservatives used.Exaarple tag: Is presented as Figure 5-1, Section 3, AppendixA, Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan.

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flR300807

D-38