8/7/2019 IGS 2003

1/22

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

2/22

Background:The Indian government has invested more than a trillion rupees

in irrigation development from independence through the end ofthe 20th century.

But despite of this heavy investment, the canal irrigationsystems show many signs of poor performance.

Both State and National Government have faced a serious fiscalcrises.

The substantial investments in developing irrigation were

maintained through various Five Year Plans.During the First Five Year Plan, the Indian government invested

22 percent of total Plan expenditures in irrigation.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

3/22

LowIrrigation Rates

AgencyIncentiv

es

Financial

Crisis of theState

IncreasingIrrigation

Costs

FarmerPolitical

Lobby

DirectLink

Weaker Link

No LinkVICIOUS CIRCLE:

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

4/22

PIM in Andhra Pradesh:

Institutional Reforms in Irrigation Sector:

Introduction of policy and legal frameworkFormation of water users associations

Implementation of large scale training programmes

for farmers and staff.Significant financial reforms for quality performance.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

5/22

Three Phases of PIM in Andhra Pradesh:

1. The state has taken pilot programme on small scale

covering minor with command area of about 1236

acres under Sriramsagar Project.

2. (a) An act was passed to provide policy and legal

space for WUA(Water Users Association)

(b)WUAs were provided with capacities and

resources required for PIM.3. WUAs are expected to focus on water management,

and annual repairs and maintenance.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

6/22

Andhra Pradesh Farmers Management of

Irrigation Systems Act (APFMIS):It was enacted in 1997 and it provides the basis for

take-over of management and maintenance of

irrigation systems by WUAs.It aims at reforms of irrigation management at both

system and agency levels.

Implementation of this Act will address problems like

inadequate water availability at lowest of the outlet,

poor maintenance of system at field level, inequitable

distribution of water at farmers level, etc.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

7/22

Amendments to APFMIS Act: Number of managing committee members of WUA is fixed to 6

and 12 in minor and medium irrigation systems respectively.

One third of the members of the of managing committee of WUA

will be retiring every two years.

Members of managing committee shall elect president and vice

president.The president and vice president shall be in office for two years

from date of election.

Modernization of agriculture in its area of operation is added

To provide regular support and advice for improving agriculturalproduction, an officer from agriculture department is appointed.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

8/22

Resources Mobilization:

WUA role in repairs and maintenance depends on its

ability to generate resources.

As per Act, provisions were made to generate revenue

for WUA to self manage and achieve financially

reliance and sustainability.

The major source of revenue is water fees.

Revenue in flow to WUA varied across Telanganaand Coastal Andhra regions.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

9/22

Operation and Maintenance:

For rehabilitation and modernization of existingirrigation system, government obtained financialassistance from the World Bank under APERP with

project cost of Rs. 9622.4 million for achievingfollowing objectives:

1.Place irrigation sector on sustainable basis byinvolving farmers in irrigation management

2.Reverse the decline in irrigated area3.Improve productivity

4.Strengthen cost recovery

5.Expansion

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

10/22

Participatory Water Management:

Farmers shifted from water management/O & M to

WUAs even for minor repairs/ issues.

Due to lack of proper system, records and stakes ofdifferent actor involved in entire process, there is a

huge gap between the WUA claimed and the actual

revenue collection.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

11/22

Water Allocation:

Major and Medium Irrigation Projects:

1.Sri Ram Sagar Project

2.Krishna

3.Godavari

4.Vamsadhara Project

5.Thandava Reservoir6.Bahuda Medium Irrigation Project

7.Tunga Badra High Level Canal

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

12/22

Water Distribution:

Irrigation department notifies WUAs of respective

areas for distribution of water.

WUAs officers conduct meeting with farmers anddecide regarding the crop to be grown and actual

water available for irrigation, etc.

Only 10% WUAs are performing all their tasks.

Water distribution also depends on the condition of

the canal.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

13/22

Role of President and TC Members:

President and TC members were selected through

elections and made authorities of respective WUA.

Before taking decision, president should discuss withTC member; but it rarely happens.

President and TC should meet farmers once in a

week.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

14/22

Water Use Efficiency:

Efficiency can be explained as output per unit of

water and its important indicators are:

1.Duty: It is said to be the area irrigated for a givenamount of water. Standard duty is 8 Acres/Mcft.

2.Crop Pattern: This also influences water use

efficiency. For eg, Paddy is a major crop which

requires minimum 120 days of irrigation. Also, water

distribution depends on the crop pattern in a particular

region.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

15/22

3. Acreage: WUAs success is measured by increase in

the area irrigated.

Increase in Acreage is mainly due to:

- Cleaning, jungle clearance, silting, widening of the

structures

- Rotation of water

- Lining of minors, sub-minors, resulted in less seepage

and infiltration losses.

4. Planned v/s Actual Crop grown

5. Canal System

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

16/22

Some Issues:1. Condition of structures: In many places, it is observed that all canals

are unlined and cannot withstand the designed capacity of the flow.2. Records to be maintained: As per the Act, WUAs have to maintain

some records like map which is essential to locate the boundaries.

But only 5% of WUAs have maintained it.

3. Unauthorized Utilization: Water given for drinking purpose is

utilized for irrigation

4. WUA President as a Civil Contractor: It is observed that all WUA

presidents are engaged in construction activities and least interested in

water management . They fell their powers come from money and

they work when they have power.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

17/22

5. Fishing should be open for auction: Though natural

resources like tanks are transferred to local WUAs,they are not fully under the control of them.

- Conflicts between irrigation and fish culture is

increasing.

6. Conflicts with Revenue Department: Revenue

department carries out joint Azmoish in presence of

WUA President and farmer.

- This provides area belong to respective farmers; as perthis records cess has to be p.aid

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

18/22

Reasons for Issues by WUA:

1. Village inspectors are misusing the amount paid to

them as fees.

2. Many farmers pay only one or half acre fees.3. In Rayalseema and Coastal AP revenue department

carried out Joint Azmoish in absence of WUA

President and AE of Irrigation Department.

4. Receipt issued by village secretary does not contain

receipt number.

5. No transparency in Revenue Department

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

19/22

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

20/22

5.Percolation tanks in Rayalseema Region: Conversion of

tanks in percolation has to be done in this area which willresult in huge shift in stakeholder base with a new set of

stakes built and also making some existing one vulnerable.

6. Strict Monitoring of officers has to be done

7. Water Fee Collection should be properly monitored8. Maintenance of records has to be given to WUAs.

9. Promoting ID crops: WUA should motivate farmers to

grow ID crop. Importance of ID crop should be made

known to them in terms of water requirement and yield.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

21/22

Industry-Government-Society Relation:

The role of government is that of a facilitator

The government looks after the planning, designing and

executing water supply schemes.

People of the society along with the government is participatingin the development of the society.

Local government supported the beneficiary groups and

supporting organisations during implementation of various acts.

People form groups to build, operate and maintain services forcommon good.

8/7/2019 IGS 2003

22/22

THANK YOU