IGCSE&& . · PDF fileTop!tips!for!taking!Physics!examinations. Command!words!–!definitions.! Electrical!circuit!symbols.!!!!!"#$%&'())+,-./0/.12/34))56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)?/.?)@(

1

!

IGCSE&&Physics.&

&

!&

Revision&&booklet.&

!!Name:!!!Form:!!!!!Teacher:!!

1

!

!Contents!page.!

!!

Syllabus!and!checklists!by!Section.!

1!–!Forces!and!motion!

2!–!Electricity.!

3!–!Waves.!

4!–!Energy!transfers!and!energy!sources.!

5!–!Solids,!liquids!and!gases.!

6!–!Magnetism!and!electromagnetism.!

7!–!Radioactivity.!

Practical!investigation!work.!

‘Describe!experiments!to!investigate…’!–!the!full!list!for!all!sections.!

‘Describe!experiments!to!investigate…’!–!with!variables,!equipment!and!space!for!notes.!

Definitions!of!terms!used!in!practical!questions.!

Examinations.!

A!full!list!of!all!the!equations!that!you!need!to!‘know!and!use'!and!‘use’!listed!by!section.

Top!tips!for!taking!Physics!examinations.

Command!words!–!definitions.!

Electrical!circuit!symbols.!

!

!

!

!

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

K)

!"#$%&%'#(%)*+')*(,*(+<1,-:)H)1??-??-?)348>)2=-).342-42)2=12)/?)!"#$/4)G386L)

<1,-:)$)1??-??-?)188).342-42)/4.8C6/4M).342-42)/4)%"&'L)

N=/?)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?):-OC/:-?)?2C6-42?)23)6-F34?2:12-)14)C46-:?2146/4M)30P)

�! 03:.-?)146)F32/34)

�! -8-.2:/./2>)

�! Q1E-?)

�! -4-:M>):-?3C:.-?)146)-4-:M>)2:14?0-:)

�! ?38/6?R)8/OC/6?)146)M1?-?)

�! F1M4-2/?F)146)-8-.2:3F1M4-2/?F)

�! :16/31.2/E/2>)146),1:2/.8-?L)

-,'(%)*+./+0)1',2+#*3+4)(%)*+

1B) !4/2?)

GB) S3E-F-42)146),3?/2/34)

.B) T3:.-?R)F3E-F-42R)?=1,-)146)F3F-42CF)

6B) U?2:343F>)

#5+ + 6*%(2+

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".P(

HLH) C?-)2=-)03883Q/4M)C4/2?P)V/83M:1F)@VMBR)F-2:-)@FBR)F-2:-W?-.346)@FW?BR)F-2:-W?-.346$)@FW?$BR)4-Q234)@DBR)?-.346)@?BR$4-Q234),-:)V/83M:1F)@DWVMBR)()&"*+,-$-.#+./0.1"!'$2(*$-/03L$

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

()

!"### $%&'(')*#+),#-%./*/%)#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

HL$) ,832)146)/42-:,:-2)6/?214.-M2/F-)N:1,=?)

HLO) P43Q)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2Q--4)1E-:1N-)?,--6R)6/?214.-)F3E-6)146)2/F-K)

6/?214.-)F3E-61E-:1N-) ?,--6)S)

2/F-)21P-4)

HL() 6-?.:/G-)-7,-:/F-42?)23)/4E-?2/N12-)2=-)F32/34)30)-E-:>61>)3GT-.2?)?C.=)1?)23>).1:?)3:)2-44/?)G188?)

HL') P43Q)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2Q--4)1..-8-:12/34R)E-83./2>)146)2/F-K)

.=14N-/4E-83./2>1..-8-:12/34)S)

2/F- 21P-4)

)! "

)S)! "#$� #

HLU) ,832)146)/42-:,:-2)E-83./2>M2/F-)N:1,=?)

HLV) 6-2-:F/4-)1..-8-:12/34)0:3F)2=-)N:16/-42)30)1)E-83./2>M2/F-)N:1,=)

HL&) 6-2-:F/4-)2=-)6/?214.-)2:1E-88-6)0:3F)2=-)1:-1)G-2Q--4)1)E-83./2>M2/F-)N:1,=)146)2=-)2/F-)17/?L)

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

')

!"### $%&!'()#*%+'*',-)#(./0'#/,1#*%*',-2*#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

HL%) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)-00-.2?)30)03:.-?)G-2M--4)G36/-?)?C.=)1?).=14N-?)/4)?,--6O)?=1,-)3:)6/:-.2/34)

HLH#) /6-42/0>)6/00-:-42)2>,-?)30)03:.-)?C.=)1?)N:1E/212/3418)3:)-8-.2:3?212/.)

!"!!# $%&'%()*%&+#,-'.--(#/-0'12#3($#&03432#5*3('%'%-&#

!"!6# *($-2&'3($#'+3'#7120-#%&#3#/-0'12#5*3('%'8#

!"!9# 7%($#'+-#2-&*4'3('#7120-#17#7120-&#'+3'#30'#341()#3#4%(-#

HLH() C46-:?2146)2=12)0:/.2/34)/?)1)03:.-)2=12)3,,3?-?)F32/34)

HLH') P43M)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2M--4)C4G1814.-6)03:.-O)F1??)146)1..-8-:12/34K)

03:.-)Q)F1??)R)1..-8-:12/34)

!)Q)"!R)#(

HLHS) P43M)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2M--4)M-/N=2O)F1??)146($K)

M-/N=2)Q)F1??)R)$)

%)Q)")R)$)

HLHT) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)03:.-?)1.2/4N)34)0188/4N)3GU-.2?)146)-7,81/4)M=>)0188/4N)3GU-.2?):-1.=)1)2-:F/418)E-83./2>)

HLH&) 6-?.:/G-)-7,-:/F-42?)23)/4E-?2/N12-)2=-)03:.-?)1.2/4N)34)0188/4N)3GU-.2?O)?C.=)1?)?>.1F3:-)?--6?)3:),1:1.=C2-?)

HLH%) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)01.23:?)100-.2/4N)E-=/.8-)?23,,/4N)6/?214.-)/4.8C6/4N)?,--6O)F1??O):316).346/2/34)146):-1.2/34)2/F-)

!"6:# ;(1.#3($#*&-#'+-#2-43'%1(&+%<#,-'.--(#=1=-('*=>#=3&&#3($#/-410%'8?#

# =1=-('*=#@#=3&&#A#/-410%'8#

!"@##"A"$"!"6!# *&-#'+-#%$-3#17#=1=-('*=#'1#-B<43%(#&37-'8#7-3'*2-&#

!"66# *&-#'+-#01(&-2/3'%1(#17#=1=-('*=#'1#0340*43'-#'+-#=3&&>#/-410%'8#12#=1=-('*=#17#1,C-0'&##

!"69# *&-#'+-#2-43'%1(&+%<#,-'.--(#7120->#0+3()-#%(#=1=-('*=#3($#'%=-#'3;-(?##

0+3()- %(=1=-('*=7120-@

'%=- '3;-(#

!"6D# $-=1(&'23'-#3(#*($-2&'3($%()#17#E-.'1(F&#'+%2$#43.##

HL$') P43M)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2M--4)2=-)F3F-42)30)1)03:.-)146)/2?)6/?214.-)0:3F)2=-),/E32K)

=1=-('#@#7120-#A#<-2<-($%0*432#$%&'3(0-#721=#'+-#<%/1'#

HL$S) :-.188)2=12)2=-)M-/N=2)30)1)G36>)1.2?)2=:3CN=)/2?).-42:-)30)N:1E/2>))

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

K)

!"#$% &'()%*'+%,-.%/0.%123'4315.%(6%7(7.'/-%6(2%*%-3715.%-8-/.7%(6%1*2*55.5%6(24.-%*4/3'9%3'%('.%15*'.%

!"#:% ,'+.2-/*'+%/0*/%/0.%,1)*2+%6(24.-%('%*%5390/%;.*7<%-,11(2/.+%*/%3/-%.'+-<%=*28%)3/0%/0.%1(-3/3('%(6%*%0.*=8%(;>.4/%15*4.+%('%/0.%;.*7%

HL$%) 6-?.:/G-)-7,-:/F-42?)23)/4E-?2/M12-)=3N)-72-4?/34)E1:/-?)N/2=)1,,8/-6)03:.-)03:)=-8/.18)?,:/4M?O)F-218)N/:-?)146):CGG-:)G146?)

HLP#) C46-:?2146)2=12)2=-)/4/2/18)8/4-1:):-M/34)30)1)03:.-Q-72-4?/34)M:1,=)/?)1??3./12-6)N/2=)A33R-S?)81N)

HLPH) 6-?.:/G-)-81?2/.)G-=1E/3C:)1?)2=-)1G/8/2>)30)1)F12-:/18)23):-.3E-:)/2?)3:/M/418)?=1,-)102-:)2=-)03:.-?).1C?/4M)6-03:F12/34)=1E-)G--4):-F3E-6L)

!"### $%&'()(*+#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".T)

HLP$) C46-:?2146)M:1E/212/3418)0/-86)?2:-4M2=O)!O)146):-.188)2=12)/2)/?)6/00-:-42)34)32=-:),814-2?)146)2=-)F334)0:3F)2=12)34)2=-)51:2=)

HLPP) -7,81/4)2=12)M:1E/212/3418)03:.-T)

�! .1C?-?)F334?)23)3:G/2),814-2?)

�! .1C?-?)2=-),814-2?)23)3:G/2)2=-)?C4)

�! .1C?-?)1:2/0/./18)?12-88/2-?)23)3:G/2)2=-)51:2=)

�! .1C?-?).3F-2?)23)3:G/2)2=-)?C4))

HLP() 6-?.:/G-)2=-)6/00-:-4.-?)/4)2=-)3:G/2?)30).3F-2?O)F334?)146),814-2?)

HLP') C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2N--4)3:G/218)?,--6O)3:G/218):16/C?)146)2/F-),-:/36T)

!�� $ 3:G/218 :16/C?

3:G/218 ?,--6 U2/F- ,-:/36

)

!! � "#$

� �� )

HLPK) C46-:?2146)2=12T)

�! 2=-)C4/E-:?-)/?)1)81:M-).388-.2/34)30)G/88/34?)30)M1817/-?)

�! 1)M1817>)/?)1)81:M-).388-.2/34)30)G/88/34?)30)?21:?)

�! 3C:)?381:)?>?2-F)/?)/4)2=-)V/8R>)W1>)M1817>L)

)

IGCSE Edexcel checklists.

Section 1 – Forces and motion.

X

?

01.01 Movement and position.

01.03 Forces & shape.

01.02 Forces & movement.

01.05 Momentum.

01.04 Turning effect of forces.

01.06 Astronomy.

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

K)

!"#$%&'()*(+,"#$-%#%$.(

1B) !4/2?)

GB) L1/4?)-8-.2:/./2>)

.B) 54-:M>)146),32-42/18)6/00-:-4.-)/4)./:.C/2?)

6B) 58-.2:/.).=1:M-)

/0((( 1'%$2(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".N(

$OH) C?-)2=-)03883P/4M)C4/2?N)1F,-:-)@QBR).3C83FG)@;BR)S3C8-)@TBR)3=F)@�BR)?-.346)@?BR)E382)@UBR)P122)@VBO)

30( ( 4/%'2(","#$-%#%$.(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".N(

$O$) C46-:?2146)146)/6-42/0>)2=-)=1W1:6?)30)-8-.2:/./2>)/4.8C6/4M)0:1>-6).1G8-?R)

834M).1G8-?R)61F1M-6),8CM?R)P12-:)1:3C46)?3.X-2?R)146),C?=/4M)F-218)

3GS-.2?)/423)?3.X-2?)

$OY) C46-:?2146)2=-)C?-?)30)/4?C812/34R)63CG8-)/4?C812/34R)-1:2=/4MR)0C?-?)146)

./:.C/2)G:-1X-:?)/4)1):14M-)30)63F-?2/.)1,,8/14.-?)

$O() C46-:?2146)2=12)1).C::-42)/4)1):-?/?23:):-?C82?)/4)2=-)-8-.2:/.18)2:14?0-:)30)

-4-:M>)146)14)/4.:-1?-)/4)2-F,-:12C:-R)146)=3P)2=/?).14)G-)C?-6)/4)1)

E1:/-2>)30)63F-?2/.).342-72?)

$O') X43P)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,N)

,3P-:)Z).C::-42)[)E3821M-)(

!)Z)")[)#)146)1,,8>)2=-):-812/34?=/,)23)2=-)?-8-.2/34)30)1,,:3,:/12-)0C?-?)

$O\) C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2P--4)-4-:M>)2:14?0-::-6R).C::-42R)E3821M-)146)2/F-N)

-4-:M>)2:14?0-::-6)Z).C::-42)[)E3821M-)[)2/F-(

$)Z)")[)#)[)%)$OK) C46-:?2146)2=-)6/00-:-4.-)G-2P--4)F1/4?)-8-.2:/./2>)G-/4M)182-:412/4M)

.C::-42)@1O.OB)146)6/:-.2).C::-42)@6O.OB)G-/4M)?C,,8/-6)G>)1).-88)3:)G122-:>O)

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

&)

!"### $%&'()#*%+#,-.&%./*0#+/11&'&%!&#/%#!/'!2/.3#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".2(

$K&) -7,81/4)L=>)1)?-:/-?)3:),1:188-8)./:.C/2)/?)F3:-)1,,:3,:/12-)03:),1:2/.C81:)1,,8/.12/34?M)/4.8C6/4N)63F-?2/.)8/N=2/4N)

$K%) C46-:?2146)2=12)2=-).C::-42)/4)1)?-:/-?)./:.C/2)6-,-46?)34)2=-)1,,8/-6)E3821N-)146)2=-)4CFG-:)146)412C:-)30)32=-:).3F,34-42?)

$KH#) 6-?.:/G-)=3L).C::-42)E1:/-?)L/2=)E3821N-)/4)L/:-?M):-?/?23:?M)F-218)0/81F-42)81F,?)146)6/36-?M)146)=3L)2=/?).14)G-)/4E-?2/N12-6)-7,-:/F-42188>)

$KHH) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)OC18/212/E-)-00-.2)30).=14N/4N):-?/?214.-)34)2=-).C::-42)/4)1)./:.C/2)

$KH$) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)OC18/212/E-)E1:/12/34)30):-?/?214.-)30)JPQ?)L/2=)/88CF/412/34)146)30)2=-:F/?23:?)L/2=)2-F,-:12C:-)

$KHR) S43L)2=12)81F,?)146)J5P?).14)G-)C?-6)23)/46/.12-)2=-),:-?-4.-)30)1).C::-42)/4)1)./:.C/2)

$KH() S43L)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2L--4)E3821N-M).C::-42)146):-?/?214.-T)

E3821N-)U).C::-42)V):-?/?214.-(

!(3(")V(#(()$KH') C46-:?2146)2=12).C::-42)/?)2=-):12-)30)083L)30).=1:N-)

$KHW) S43L)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2L--4).=1:N-M).C::-42)146)2/F-T))

.=1:N-)U).C::-42)V)2/F-(

$(3(")V(%()$KHX) S43L)2=12)-8-.2:/.).C::-42)/4)?38/6)F-2188/.).346C.23:?)/?)1)083L)30)4-N12/E-8>)

.=1:N-6)-8-.2:34?)

!"#$% &'()*+,-'(%,.-,/%

�! 012,-3)%4+%,.)%)')*35%,*-'+6)**)(%7)*%&'4,%8.-*3)%7-++)(%

�! ,.)%012,%4+%-%91&2)%7)*%81&21:;"%

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

%)

!"### $%&'()*'#'+,)-&#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

$LH%) /6-42/0>).3FF34)F12-:/18?)M=/.=)1:-)-8-.2:/.18).346C.23:?)3:)/4?C8123:?N)/4.8C6/4O)F-218?)146),81?2/.?)

!"!#$ %&'()*+&$&,-&)*.&/0'$01$*/2&'0*340&$516$*/'7840*/3$.40&)*48'$(4/$+&$(54)3&%$+9$:)*(0*1/$

!"!;$ &,-84*/$0540$-1'*0*2&$4/%$/&340*2&$&8&(0)1'040*($(54)3&'$4)&$-)1%7(&%$1/$.40&)*48'$+9$05&$81''$4/%$34*/$1:$&8&(0)1/'$

!"!!$ 7/%&)'04/%$0540$05&)&$4)&$:1)(&'$1:$400)4(0*1/$+&06&&/$7/8*<&$(54)3&'$4/%$:1)(&'$1:$)&-78'*1/$+&06&&/$8*<&$(54)3&'$

!"!=$ &,-84*/$&8&(0)1'040*($-5&/1.&/4$*/$0&).'$1:$05&$.12&.&/0$1:$&8&(0)1/'$

!"!>$ &,-84*/$05&$-10&/0*48$%4/3&)'$1:$&8&(0)1'040*($(54)3&'?$&3$65&/$:7&88*/3$4*)()4:0$4/%$04/<&)'$

!"!@$ &,-84*/$'1.&$7'&'$1:$&8&(0)1'040*($(54)3&'?$&3$*/$-5101(1-*&)'$4/%$*/<A&0$-)*/0&)'"$

)

Section 2 Electricity IGCSE Edexcel checklists.

02.07 Mains electricity.

02.08 Electric charge.

X

?

02.09 Current & voltage in circuits.

02.10 Electrical resistance.

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

H#)

!"#$%&'()*(+,-".(

1B) !4/2?)

GB) <:3,-:2/-?)30)K1E-?)

.B) L=-)-8-.2:3F1M4-2/.)?,-.2:CF)

6B) J/M=2)146)?3C46)

,/((( 0'%$.(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".N(

OPH) C?-)2=-)03883K/4M)C4/2?N)6-M:--)@QBR)=-:2S)@ASBR)F-2:-)@FBR)F-2:-T?-.346)@FT?BR)?-.346)@?BP)

1/((( 23&4"3$%".(&5(6,-".(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".N(

OP$) C46-:?2146)2=-)6/00-:-4.-)G-2K--4)834M/2C6/418)146)2:14?E-:?-)K1E-?)146)6-?.:/G-)-7,-:/F-42?)23)?=3K)834M/2C6/418)146)2:14?E-:?-)K1E-?)/4R)03:)-71F,8-R):3,-?R)?,:/4M?)146)K12-:)

OPO) 6-0/4-)1F,8/2C6-R)0:-UC-4.>R)K1E-8-4M2=)146),-:/36)30)1)K1E-)

OP() C46-:?2146)2=12)K1E-?)2:14?0-:)-4-:M>)146)/403:F12/34)K/2=3C2)2:14?0-::/4M)F122-:)

OP') V43K)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2K--4)2=-)?,--6R)0:-UC-4.>)146)K1E-8-4M2=)30)1)K1E-N)

K1E-)?,--6)W)0:-UC-4.>)X)K1E-8-4M2=)

!)W)"(X)�)OPY) C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2K--4)0:-UC-4.>)146)2/F-),-:/36N)

,-:/362/F-H

0:-UC-4.> � )

)

#" !� ))

OPZ) C?-)2=-)1G3E-):-812/34?=/,?)/4)6/00-:-42).342-72?)/4.8C6/4M)?3C46)K1E-?)146)-8-.2:3F1M4-2/.)K1E-?)

!"#$ %&'()*+,&'$+-,+$.,/(*$0,&$1($'233),0+('$.-(&$+-(4$5,**$,&$('6($

!"7$ %&'()*+,&'$+-,+$.,/(*$0,&$1($'233),0+('$+-)8%6-$6,5*9$,&'$+-,+$+-($(:+(&+$83$'233),0+28&$'(5(&'*$8&$+-($.,/(;(&6+-$,&'$+-($5-4*20,;$'2<(&*28&$83$+-($6,5"$

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

HH)

!"### $%&#&'&!()*+,-.&(/!#01&!()2+#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

LMH#) C46-:?2146)2=12)8/N=2)/?),1:2)30)1).342/4C3C?)-8-.2:3F1N4-2/.)?,-.2:CF)O=/.=)/4.8C6-?):16/3P)F/.:3O1E-P)/40:1:-6P)E/?/G8-P)C82:1E/38-2P)7Q:1>)146)N1FF1):1>):16/12/34?)146)2=12)188)2=-?-)O1E-?)2:1E-8)12)2=-)?1F-)?,--6)/4)0:--)?,1.-)

LMHH) /6-42/0>)2=-)3:6-:)30)2=-)-8-.2:3F1N4-2/.)?,-.2:CF)/4)2-:F?)30)6-.:-1?/4N)O1E-8-4N2=)146)/4.:-1?/4N)0:-RC-4.>P)/4.8C6/4N)2=-).383C:?)30)2=-)E/?/G8-)?,-.2:CF)

LMH$) -7,81/4)?3F-)30)2=-)C?-?)30)-8-.2:3F1N4-2/.):16/12/34?P)/4.8C6/4NK)

�! :16/3)O1E-?K)G:316.1?2/4N)146).3FFC4/.12/34?)

�! F/.:3O1E-?K).33S/4N)146)?12-88/2-)2:14?F/??/34?)

�! /40:1:-6K)=-12-:?)146)4/N=2)E/?/34)-RC/,F-42)

�! E/?/G8-)8/N=2K)3,2/.18)0/G:-?)146),=323N:1,=>)

�! C82:1E/38-2K)08C3:-?.-42)81F,?)

�! 7Q:1>?K)3G?-:E/4N)2=-)/42-:418)?2:C.2C:-)30)3GT-.2?)146)F12-:/18?)146)F-6/.18)1,,8/.12/34?)

�! N1FF1):1>?K)?2-:/8/?/4N)0336)146)F-6/.18)-RC/,F-42)

LMHL) C46-:?2146)2=-)6-2:/F-4218)-00-.2?)30)-7.-??/E-)-7,3?C:-)30)2=-)=CF14)G36>)23)-8-.2:3F1N4-2/.)O1E-?P)/4.8C6/4NK)

�! F/.:3O1E-?K)/42-:418)=-12/4N)30)G36>)2/??C-)

�! /40:1:-6K)?S/4)GC:4?)

�! C82:1E/38-2K)61F1N-)23)?C:01.-).-88?)146)G8/464-??)

�! N1FF1):1>?K).14.-:P)FC212/34)

146)6-?.:/G-)?/F,8-),:32-.2/E-)F-1?C:-?)1N1/4?2)2=-):/?S?M)

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

H$)

!"### $%&'(#)*!#+,-*!#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

LMH() C46-:?2146)2=12)8/N=2)O1E-?)1:-)2:14?E-:?-)O1E-?)O=/.=).14)G-):-08-.2-6P):-0:1.2-6)!"#$#%&&'!()*#))

LMH') C?-)2=-)81O)30):-08-.2/34)@2=-)14N8-)30)/4./6-4.-)-QC18?)2=-)14N8-)30):-08-.2/34B)

LMHR) .34?2:C.2):1>)6/1N:1F?)23)/88C?2:12-)2=-)03:F12/34)30)1)E/:2C18)/F1N-)/4)1),814-)F/::3:))

LMHS) 6-?.:/G-)-7,-:/F-42?)23)/4E-?2/N12-)2=-):-0:1.2/34)30)8/N=2P)C?/4N):-.214NC81:)G83.T?P)?-F/./:.C81:)G83.T?)146)2:/14NC81:),:/?F?)

LMH&) T43O)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2O--4):-0:1.2/E-)/46-7P)14N8-)30)/4./6-4.-)146)14N8-)30):-0:1.2/34K)

!"

#�?/4

?/4#

LMH%) 6-?.:/G-)14)-7,-:/F-42)23)6-2-:F/4-)2=-):-0:1.2/E-)/46-7)30)N81??P)C?/4N)1)N81??)G83.T))

LM$#) 6-?.:/G-)2=-):38-)30)23218)/42-:418):-08-.2/34)/4)2:14?F/22/4N)/403:F12/34)1834N)3,2/.18)0/G:-?)146)/4),:/?F?)

LM$H) -7,81/4)2=-)F-14/4N)30).:/2/.18)14N8-(2))

LM$$) T43O)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2O--4).:/2/.18)14N8-)146):-0:1.2/E-)/46-7K)

!$

"�?/4 ) )

+,-+$ ."#*'/)!"#$)0*$#%&&*'*"(*$1*)2**"$!"!345.*$!"#$#%5%)!3$/%5"!3/$

+,-6$ #*/('%1*$)0*$!#7!")!5*/$4&$./%"5$#%5%)!3$/%5"!3/$'!)0*'$)0!"$!"!345.*$/%5"!3/$

+,-8$ #*/('%1*$042$#%5%)!3$/%5"!3/$(!"$(!''9$:4'*$%"&4':!)%4"$

LM$R) C46-:?2146)2=12)?3C46)O1E-?)1:-)834N/2C6/418)O1E-?)146)=3O)2=->).14)G-):-08-.2-6P):-0:1.2-6$!"#$#%&&'!()*#)

LM$S) C46-:?2146)2=12)2=-)0:-QC-4.>):14N-)03:)=CF14)=-1:/4N)/?))

$#)AU)*)$#P###)AU)

LM$&) 6-?.:/G-)14)-7,-:/F-42)23)F-1?C:-)2=-)?,--6)30)?3C46)/4)1/:))

+,-;$ ."#*'/)!"#$042$!"$4/(%334/(4<*$!"#$:%('4<04"*$(!"$1*$./*#$)4$#%/<3!9$!$/4."#$2!7*$

+,+=$ #*/('%1*$!"$*><*'%:*")$./%"5$!"$4/(%334/(4<*$)4$#*)*':%"*$)0*$&'*?.*"(9$4&$!$/4."#$2!7*$$

+,+@$ '*3!)*$)0*$<%)(0$4&$!$/4."#$)4$)0*$&'*?.*"(9$4&$7%1'!)%4"$4&$)0*$/4.'(*$

+,+-$ '*3!)*$)0*$34.#"*//$4&$!$/4."#$)4$)0*$!:<3%).#*$4&$7%1'!)%4"M

Section 3 Waves - IGCSE Edexcel checklists.

03.11 Properties of waves.

03.12 Using waves.

X

?

03.13 Light waves.

03.14 Sound waves.

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

HK)

!"#$%&'()*(+'",-.(,"/&0,#"/(1'2("'",-.($,1'/3",(

1B) !4/2?)

GB) 54-:L>)2:14?0-:)

.B) M3:N)146),3O-:)

6B) 54-:L>):-?3C:.-?)146)-8-.2:/./2>)L-4-:12/34)

14((( 5'%$/(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".P(

(QH) )C?-)2=-)03883O/4L)C4/2?P)N/83L:1F)@NLBR)S3C8-)@TBR)F-2:-)@FBR)F-2:-U?-.346)@FU?BR)F-2:-U?-.346$)@FU?$BR)4-O234)@DBR)?-.346)@?BR)O122)@MBQ)

64((( +'",-.($,1'/3",(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".P(

(Q$) 6-?.:/G-)-4-:L>)2:14?0-:?)/4E38E/4L)2=-)03883O/4L)03:F?)30)-4-:L>P)2=-:F18)@=-12BR)8/L=2R)-8-.2:/.18R)?3C46R)N/4-2/.R).=-F/.18R)4C.8-1:)146),32-42/18)@-81?2/.)146)L:1E/212/3418B)

(QK) C46-:?2146)2=12)-4-:L>)/?).34?-:E-6))

(Q() N43O)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,P)

)/4,C2-4-:L>232183C2,C2-4-:L>C?-0C8

-00/./-4.> � )

(Q') 6-?.:/G-)1)E1:/-2>)30)-E-:>61>)146)?./-42/0/.)6-E/.-?)146)?/2C12/34?R)-7,81/4/4L)2=-)012-)30)2=-)/4,C2)-4-:L>)/4)2-:F?)30)2=-)1G3E-):-812/34?=/,R)/4.8C6/4L)2=-/:):-,:-?-4212/34)G>)+14N->)6/1L:1F?)

(QV) 6-?.:/G-)=3O)-4-:L>)2:14?0-:)F1>)21N-),81.-)G>).346C.2/34R).34E-.2/34)146):16/12/34)

(QW) -7,81/4)2=-):38-)30).34E-.2/34)/4)-E-:>61>),=-43F-41))

(Q&) -7,81/4)=3O)/4?C812/34)/?)C?-6)23):-6C.-)-4-:L>)2:14?0-:?)0:3F)GC/86/4L?)146)2=-)=CF14)G36>Q)

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

H()

!"### $%&'#()*#+%,-&#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

(L%) M43N)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2N--4)N3:MO)03:.-)146)6/?214.-)F3E-6)/4)2=-)6/:-.2/34)30)2=-)03:.-K)

N3:M)634-)P)03:.-)Q)6/?214.-)F3E-6)

!)P)"(Q)#)

(LH#) C46-:?2146)2=12)N3:M)634-)/?)-RC18)23)-4-:S>)2:14?0-::-6))

(LHH) M43N)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,K)

S:1E/212/3418),32-42/18)-4-:S>)P)F1??)Q)$)Q)=-/S=2)

"<5)P)%)Q)$)Q)&(( )

(LH$) M43N)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,K)

M/4-2/.)-4-:S>)P)$

H )Q)F1??)Q)?,--6$))

T5)P)$

H )Q)%)Q)'$))

(LHU) C46-:?2146)=3N).34?-:E12/34)30)-4-:S>),:36C.-?)1)8/4M)G-2N--4)S:1E/212/3418),32-42/18)-4-:S>O)M/4-2/.)-4-:S>)146)N3:M)

(LH() 6-?.:/G-),3N-:)1?)2=-):12-)30)2:14?0-:)30)-4-:S>)3:)2=-):12-)30)63/4S)N3:M)

(LH') C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2N--4),3N-:O)N3:M)634-)@-4-:S>)2:14?0-::-6B)146)2/F-)21M-4K)

)N3:M 634-

,3N-:P2/F- 21M-4

)

)

(!) � !

)

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

H')

!"### $%&'()#'&*+,'-&*#.%!#&/&-0'1-10)#(&%&'.01+%#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

(LHM) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)-4-:N>)2:14?0-:?)/4E38E-6)/4)N-4-:12/4N)-8-.2:/./2>)C?/4NK))

�! O/46)

�! O12-:)

�! N-32=-:F18):-?3C:.-?)

�! ?381:)=-12/4N)?>?2-F?)

�! ?381:).-88?)

�! 03??/8)0C-8?)

�! 4C.8-1:),3O-:)

!"#$% &'()*+,'%-.'%/&0/1-/2'(%/1&%&+(/&0/1-/2'(%34%5'-.3&(%34%6/*2'7()/6'%'6')-*+)+-8%9*3&:)-+31%4*35%0/*+3:(%*'1';/,6'%/1&%1317*'1';/,6'%*'(3:*)'("%

)

IGCSE Edexcel checklists.

Section 4 – Energy resources & energy transfers.

04.15 Energy transfers.

04.16 Thermal energy.

04.17 Work & power.

04.18 Energy resources & electricity generation.

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

!

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

HK)

!"#$%&'()*(!&+%,-.(+%/0%,-(1',(21-"-(

1B) !4/2?)

GB) L-4?/2>)146),:-??C:-)

.B) ;=14M-)30)?212-)

6B) 96-18)M1?)F38-.C8-?)

13((( 4'%$-(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".N(

'OH) C?-)2=-)03883P/4M)C4/2?N)6-M:--?);-8?/C?)@3;BQ)R-8E/4)@SBQ)T3C8-)@UBQ)R/83M:1F)

@RMBQ)R/83M:1FVF-2:-W)@RMVF

WBQ)F-2:-)@FBQ)F-2:-

$)@F

$)BQ)F-2:-

W)@F

WBQ)

F-2:-V?-.346)@FV?BQ)F-2:-V?-.346$)@FV?

$)BQ)4-P234)@DBQ),1?.18)@<1BO)

53((( 6"'-%$7(1',(89"--09"(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".N(

'O$) R43P)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2P--4)6-4?/2>Q)F1??)146)E38CF-N)

F1??6-4?/2>X

E38CF-)

)

)!"

�� )

)

'OW) 6-?.:/G-)-7,-:/F-42?)23)6-2-:F/4-)6-4?/2>)C?/4M)6/:-.2)F-1?C:-F-42?)30)

F1??)146)E38CF-)

'O() R43P)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2P--4),:-??C:-Q)03:.-)146)1:-1N)

1:-1

03:.-,:-??C:- � )

)

(#$% � )

'O') C46-:?2146)2=12)2=-),:-??C:-)12)1),3/42)/4)1)M1?)3:)8/YC/6)P=/.=)/?)12):-?2)

1.2?)-YC188>)/4)188)6/:-.2/34?)

'OK) R43P)146)C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)03:),:-??C:-)6/00-:-4.-N)

,:-??C:-)6/00-:-4.-)X)=-/M=2)Z)6-4?/2>(Z(&((

%(2('(3(�(3(&()

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

HK)

!"### $%&'()#*+#,-&-)#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".2(

!"#$ %&'()*+,&'$+-($.-,&/(*$+-,+$0..%)$1-(&$,$*023'$4(2+*$+0$50)4$,$236%3'7$,&'$1-(&$,$236%3'$(8,90),+(*$0)$:032*$+0$50)4$,$/,*$

!";$ '(*.)3:($+-($,)),&/(4(&+$,&'$40+30&$05$9,)+3.2(*$3&$*023'*7$236%3'*$,&'$/,*(*$

."### /.)&0#(&,#1*0)!20),#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".L(

'M%) C46-:?2146)2=-)?/N4/0/.14.-)30)O:3P4/14)F32/34Q)1?)?C,,3:2/4N)-E/6-4.-)03:),1:2/.8-)2=-3:>)

'MH#) C46-:?2146)2=12)F38-.C8-?)/4)1)N1?)=1E-)1):1463F)F32/34)146)2=12)2=->)-7-:2)1)03:.-)146)=-4.-)1),:-??C:-)34)2=-)P188?)30)2=-).3421/4-:)

'MHH) C46-:?2146)P=>)2=-:-)/?)14)1G?38C2-)R-:3)30)2-F,-:12C:-)P=/.=)/?)*$KS�;))

'MH$) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)T-8E/4)?.18-)30)2-F,-:12C:-)146)G-)1G8-)23).34E-:2)G-2P--4)2=-)T-8E/4)146);-8?/C?)?.18-?)

'MHS) C46-:?2146)2=12)14)/4.:-1?-)/4)2-F,-:12C:-):-?C82?)/4)14)/4.:-1?-)/4)2=-)1E-:1N-)?,--6)30)N1?)F38-.C8-?)

!"<=$ %&'()*+,&'$+-,+$+-($>(283&$+(49(),+%)($05$+-($/,*$3*$9)090)+30&,2$+0$+-($,8(),/($?3&(+3.$(&()/@$05$3+*$402(.%2(*$

'MH') 6-?.:/G-)2=-)UC18/212/E-):-812/34?=/,)G-2P--4),:-??C:-)146)T-8E/4)2-F,-:12C:-)03:)1)N1?)/4)1)?-18-6).3421/4-:)

!"<A$ %*($+-($)(2,+30&*-39$:(+1((&$+-($9)(**%)($,&'$>(283&$+(49(),+%)($05$,$53B('$4,**$05$/,*$,+$.0&*+,&+$802%4(C$

$ ! "

! "

! !" "V $

$

'MHK) C?-)2=-):-812/34?=/,)G-2P--4)2=-),:-??C:-)146)E38CF-)30)1)0/7-6)F1??)30)N1?)12).34?2142)2-F,-:12C:-L)

!H#H$V !!$#$$$

Section 5 – Solids, liquids & gases.

05.19 Density & pressure.

05.20 Solids, liquids & gases.

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

H&)

!"#$%&'()*(+,-'"$%./(,'0("1"#$2&/,-'"$%./(

1B) !4/2?)

GB) K1L4-2/?F)

.B) 58-.2:3F1L4-2/?F)

-B) 58-.2:3F1L4-2/.)/46C.2/34)

,3((( 4'%$.(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".M(

NOH) C?-)2=-)03883P/4L)C4/2?M)1F,-:-)@QBR)E382)@SBR)P122)@TBO)

53((( +,-'"$%./(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".M(

!"#$ %&'()*+,&'$+-,+$.,/&(+*$)(0(1$,&'$,++),2+$3+-()$.,/&(+*$,&'$,++),2+$.,/&(+42$*%5*+,&2(*$

!"6$ '(*2)45($+-($0)30()+4(*$37$.,/&(+42,118$-,)'$,&'$*37+$.,+()4,1*$

NO() C46-:?2146)2=-)2-:F)UF1L4-2/.)0/-86)8/4-V)

!"9$ %&'()*+,&'$+-,+$.,/&(+4*.$4*$4&'%2('$4&$*3.($.,+()4,1*$:-(&$+-(8$,)($01,2('$4&$,$.,/&(+42$74(1'$

NON) 6-?.:/G-)-7,-:/F-42?)23)/4E-?2/L12-)2=-)F1L4-2/.)0/-86),122-:4)03:)1)

,-:F14-42)G1:)F1L4-2)146)2=12)G-2P--4)2P3)G1:)F1L4-2?)

NOW) 6-?.:/G-)=3P)23)C?-)2P3),-:F14-42)F1L4-2?)23),:36C.-)1)C4/03:F)F1L4-2/.)

0/-86),122-:4O)

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

H%)

!"### $%&!'()*+,-&'./*#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

LM&) C46-:?2146)2=12)14)-8-.2:/.).C::-42)/4)1).346C.23:),:36C.-?)1)F1N4-2/.)0/-86)

:3C46)/2)

!"#$ %&'()*+&$,-&$(./',)0(,*./$.1$&2&(,).345/&,'$

!"67$ '8&,(-$4/%$)&(.5/*'&$345/&,*($1*&2%$94,,&)/'$1.)$4$',)4*5-,$:*)&;$4$124,$(*)(024)$(.*2$4/%$4$'.2&/.*%$:-&/$&4(-$*'$(4))<*/5$4$(0))&/,$

!"66$ 0/%&)',4/%$,-4,$,-&)&$*'$4$1.)(&$./$4$(-4)5&%$94),*(2&$:-&/$*,$3.=&'$*/$4$345/&,*($1*&2%$4'$2./5$4'$*,'$3.,*./$*'$/.,$94)422&2$,.$,-&$1*&2%$

LMH$) C46-:?2146)2=12)1)03:.-)/?)-7-:2-6)34)1).C::-42O.1::>/4N)P/:-)/4)1)F1N4-2/.)

0/-86Q)146)=3P)2=/?)-00-.2)/?)1,,8/-6)/4)?/F,8-)6M.M)-8-.2:/.)F323:?)146)

83C6?,-1R-:?)

LMHS) C?-)2=-)8-02)=146):C8-)23),:-6/.2)2=-)6/:-.2/34)30)2=-):-?C82/4N)03:.-)P=-4)1)

P/:-).1::/-?)1).C::-42),-:,-46/.C81:)23)1)F1N4-2/.)0/-86)

LMH() 6-?.:/G-)=3P)2=-)03:.-)34)1).C::-42O.1::>/4N).346C.23:)/4)1)F1N4-2/.)0/-86)

/4.:-1?-?)P/2=)2=-)?2:-4N2=)30)2=-)0/-86)146)P/2=)2=-).C::-42M))

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

$#)

!"### $%&'()*+,-.&(/'#/.!0'(/*.#

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".K(

LMH') C46-:?2146)2=12)1)E3821N-)/?)/46C.-6)/4)1).346C.23:)3:)1).3/8)O=-4)/2)F3E-?)2=:3CN=)1)F1N4-2/.)0/-86)3:)O=-4)1)F1N4-2/.)0/-86).=14N-?)2=:3CN=)/2)146)6-?.:/G-)2=-)01.23:?)O=/.=)100-.2)2=-)?/P-)30)2=-)/46C.-6)E3821N-)

LMHL) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)N-4-:12/34)30)-8-.2:/./2>)G>)2=-):3212/34)30)1)F1N4-2)O/2=/4)1).3/8)30)O/:-)146)30)1).3/8)30)O/:-)O/2=/4)1)F1N4-2/.)0/-86)146)6-?.:/G-)2=-)01.23:?)O=/.=)100-.2)2=-)?/P-)30)2=-)/46C.-6)E3821N-)

!"#$% &'()*+,'%-.'%(-*/)-/*'%01%2%-*23(10*4'*5%23&%/3&'*(-23&%-.2-%2%-*23(10*4'*%).236'(%-.'%(+7'%01%23%28-'*32-+36%908-26'%,:%.29+36%&+11'*'3-%3/4,'*(%01%-/*3(%03%-.'%+3;/-%23&%0/-;/-%(+&'(%

!"#<% '=;82+3%-.'%/('%01%(-';>/;%23&%(-';>&0?3%-*23(10*4'*(%+3%-.'%82*6'>()28'%6'3'*2-+03%23&%-*23(4+((+03%01%'8')-*+)28%'3'*6:%

!"#@% A30?%23&%/('%-.'%*'82-+03(.+;%,'-?''3%+3;/-%B;*+42*:C%23&%0/-;/-%B(')03&2*:C%908-26'(%23&%-.'%-/*3(%*2-+0%10*%2%-*23(10*4'*D%

+3;/- B;*+42*:C908-26' ;*+42*: -/*3(E

0/-;/- B(')03&2*:C 908-26' (')03&2*: -/*3()

!

"

!

"

##

$$

� )

)

!"FG% A30?%23&%/('%-.'%*'82-+03(.+;D%

% +3;/-%;0?'*%E%0/-;/-%;0?'*%%

$!"%!""E""$#"%#"% 10*%#GGH%'11+)+'3):%

Section 6 – Magnetism & electromagnetism.

06.21 Magnetism & electromagnetism.

06.22 Electric motors & EM induction.

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

$H)

!"#$%&'()*(+,-%&,#$%.%$/(,'-(0,1$%#2"3(

1B) !4/2?)

GB) K16/31.2/E/2>)

.B) <1:2/.8-?)

,4((( 5'%$3(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".L(

MNH) C?-)2=-)03883O/4P)C4/2?L)G-.QC-:-8)@RQBS).-42/F-2:-)@.FBS)=3C:)@=BS)F/4C2-)@F/4BS)?-.346)@?BN)

64((( +,-%&,#$%.%$/(

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".L(

MN$) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)?2:C.2C:-)30)14)123F)/4)2-:F?)30),:3234?S)4-C2:34?)146)

-8-.2:34?)146)C?-)?>FG38?)?C.=)1?) !"#$ )23)6-?.:/G-),1:2/.C81:)4C.8-/)

MNT) C46-:?2146)2=-)2-:F?)123F/.)@,:3234B)4CFG-:S)F1??)@4C.8-34B)4CFG-:)146)/?323,-)

MN() C46-:?2146)2=12)18,=1)146)G-21),1:2/.8-?)146)P1FF1):1>?)1:-)/34/?/4P):16/12/34?)-F/22-6)0:3F)C4?21G8-)4C.8-/)/4)1):1463F),:3.-??)

MN') 6-?.:/G-)2=-)412C:-)30)18,=1)146)G-21),1:2/.8-?)146)P1FF1):1>?)146):-.188)2=12)2=->)F1>)G-)6/?2/4PC/?=-6)/4)2-:F?)30),-4-2:12/4P),3O-:)

MNU) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)-00-.2?)34)2=-)123F/.)146)F1??)4CFG-:?)30)1)4C.8-C?)30)2=-)-F/??/34)30)-1.=)30)2=-)2=:--)F1/4)2>,-?)30):16/12/34)

MNM) C46-:?2146)=3O)23).3F,8-2-)G1814.-6)4C.8-1:)-QC12/34?)

MN&) C46-:?2146)2=12)/34/?/4P):16/12/34?).14)G-)6-2-.2-6)C?/4P)1),=323P:1,=/.)0/8F)3:)1)"-/P-:VWC88-:)6-2-.23:)

MN%) -7,81/4)2=-)?3C:.-?)30)G1.XP:3C46):16/12/34)

MNH#) C46-:?2146)2=12)2=-)1.2/E/2>)30)1):16/31.2/E-)?3C:.-)6-.:-1?-?)3E-:)1),-:/36)30)2/F-)146)/?)F-1?C:-6)/4)G-.QC-:-8?)

MNHH) C46-:?2146)2=-)2-:F)Y=180V8/0-Z)146)C46-:?2146)2=12)/2)/?)6/00-:-42)03:)6/00-:-42):16/31.2/E-)/?323,-?)

MNH$) C?-)2=-).34.-,2)30)=180V8/0-)23).1::>)3C2)?/F,8-).18.C812/34?)34)1.2/E/2>)

MNHT) 6-?.:/G-)2=-)C?-?)30):16/31.2/E/2>)/4)F-6/.18)146)434VF-6/.18)2:1.-:?S)/4):16/32=-:1,>S)146)/4)2=-):16/31.2/E-)612/4P)30)1:.=1-383P/.18)?,-./F-4?)146):3.X?)

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)

)*)9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

$$)

KLH() 6-?.:/G-)2=-)614M-:?)30)/34/?/4M):16/12/34?N)/4.8C6/4MO)

�! :16/12/34).14).1C?-)FC212/34?)/4)8/E/4M)3:M14/?F?)

�! :16/12/34).14)61F1M-).-88?)146)2/??C-)

�! 2=-),:3G8-F?)1:/?/4M)/4)2=-)6/?,3?18)30):16/31.2/E-)P1?2-)!

) ) 146)6-?.:/G-)=3P)2=-)1??3./12-6):/?Q?).14)G-):-6C.-6L)

"#!!! $%&'(")*+!

!"#$%&"'()*++(,%(-''%''%$(.&("/%*0(-,*+*"1(".O(

KLH') 6-?.:/G-)2=-):-?C82?)30)"-/M-:)146)R1:?6-4S?)-7,-:/F-42?)P/2=)M386)03/8)146)18,=1),1:2/.8-?))

KLHT) 6-?.:/G-)UC2=-:03:6S?)4C.8-1:)F36-8)30)2=-)123F)146)=3P)/2)1..3C42?)03:)2=-):-?C82?)30)"-/M-:)146)R1:?6-4S?)-7,-:/F-42)146)C46-:?2146)2=-)01.23:?)@.=1:M-)146)?,--6B)P=/.=)100-.2)2=-)6-08-.2/34)30)18,=1),1:2/.8-?)G>)1)4C.8-C?))

KLHK) C46-:?2146)2=12)1)4C.8-C?)30)!V$W').14)G-)?,8/2)@2=-),:3.-??)30)0/??/34B)G>).388/?/34)P/2=)1)4-C2:34N)146)2=12)2=/?),:3.-??):-8-1?-?)-4-:M>)/4)2=-)03:F)30)Q/4-2/.)-4-:M>)30)2=-)0/??/34),:36C.2?))

KLH&) C46-:?2146)2=12)2=-)0/??/34)30)!V$W'),:36C.-?)2P3)61CM=2-:)4C.8-/)146)1)?F188)4CFG-:)30)4-C2:34?))

KLH%) C46-:?2146)2=12)1).=1/4):-1.2/34).14)G-)?-2)C,)/0)2=-)4-C2:34?),:36C.-6)G>)34-)0/??/34)?2:/Q-)32=-:)!V$W')4C.8-/))

KL$#) C46-:?2146)2=-):38-),81>-6)G>)2=-).342:38):36?)146)F36-:123:)P=-4)2=-)0/??/34),:3.-??)/?)C?-6)1?)14)-4-:M>)?3C:.-)23)M-4-:12-)-8-.2:/./2>L)

!

Section 7 – Radioactivity and particles.

07.23 Atoms & radioactivity.

07.24 Radiation & half-life.

07.25 Applications of radioactivity.

07.26 Particles.

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IGCSE – ‘Describe experiments to investigate…’ Section 1 – Forces and motion. 1.4 describe experiments to investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls 1.18 describe experiments to investigate the forces acting on falling objects, such as sycamore seeds or parachutes 1.29 describe experiments to investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands Section 2 – Electricity. 2.10 describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes, and how this can be investigated experimentally 2.20 describe experiments to investigate how insulating materials can be charged by friction Section 3 – Waves. 3.2 understand the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves and describe experiments to show longitudinal and transverse waves in, for example, ropes, springs and water 3.17 describe experiments to investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semicircular blocks and triangular prisms 3.19 describe an experiment to determine the refractive index of glass, using a glass block 3.28 describe an experiment to measure the speed of sound in air 3.30 describe an experiment using an oscilloscope to determine the frequency of a sound wave Section 4 – Energy None. Section 5 – Solids, liquids and gases.

5.3 describe experiments to determine density using direct measurements of mass and volume Section 6 – Electromagnetism.

6.6 describe experiments to investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and that between two bar magnets Section 7 – Radioactivity. 7.15 describe the results of Geiger and Marsden’s experiments with gold foil and alpha particles 7.16 describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom and how it accounts for the results of Geiger and Marsden’s experiment and understand the factors (charge and speed) which affect the deflection of alpha particles by a nucleus

IGCSE&–&‘Describe&experim

ents&to&investigate…

’&&

Section&1&–&Forces&and&motion.&

&Experim

ent.&

Variables.&

Measuring&device&/equipment.&

Notes.&

1.4$$

describe$experiments$to$investigate$

the$motion$of$everyday$objects$such$

as$toy$cars$or$tennis$balls$

Distance,$speed,$time,$velocity,$

acceleration.$

$

Ruler$

Trundle/measuring$wheel$

Timer$/stop$watch$

Ticker$timer$

Light$gates$

Video$analysis$

$ $ $ $ $ $

1.18$$


the$forces$acting$on$falling$objects,$

such$as$sycamore$seeds$or$

parachutes$

$

Mass$

Force/weight$or$the$pull/force$of$gravity$

Surface$area$

Air$resistance$

Distance$and$time$$

!$speed$/$velocity$/$change$in$velocity$$

!$acceleration$(due$to$gravity)$

(Electronic)$Balance$

NewtonNmeter$

Ruler/tape$measure$

StopNwatch$

Video$analysis$

$ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $

1.29$


how$extension$varies$with$applied$

force$for$helical$springs,$metal$wires$

and$rubber$bands$ $

Mass$

Force/weight$

Length/extension$

Material$or$thickness$of$wire$

Material$or$stiffness$of$rubber$band$

Stiffness$of$spring$

Balance$

Ruler$

NewtonNmeter$

$ $

$ $ $ $ $

Section&2&–&Electricity.&

$$

$Experim

ent.&

Variables.&


&2.10$

describe$how$current$varies$with$

voltage$in$wires,$resistors,$metal$

filament$lamps$and$diodes,$and$how$

this$can$be$investigated$

experimentally$

Voltage$(potential$difference)$

Current$

Resistance$

Length$of$metallic$conductor$/$wire$

Temperature$

Material$of$wire$

Thickness/crossNsectional$area$of$wire$

$

Voltmeter$/$millivoltmeter$

Ammeter$/$milliammeter$

Metre$rule$

Callipers$

$ $ $ $

2.20&&

describe&experim

ents&to&

investigate&how&insulating&

materials&can&be&charged&by&

friction&

$

$Insulating$rods$

Insulating$clothes$

Van$de$Graaff$generator$

$

$ $ $ $ $

Section&3&–&Waves.&

$$

$Experim

ent.&

Variables.&


&3.2$

understand$the$difference$between$

longitudinal$and$transverse$waves$

and$describe$experiments$to$show$

longitudinal$and$transverse$waves$

in,$for$example,$ropes,$springs$and$

water$

$

Frequency$

Time$period$

Wave$speed$

Amplitude$

Wavelength$

$

Ripple$tank$–$water$waves$

Slinky$spring$

$ $

3.17$$


the$refraction$of$light,$using$

rectangular$blocks,$semicircular$

blocks$and$triangular$prisms$

$

Angle$of$incidence$$

Angle$of$refraction$

Angle$of$reflection$

$

Light$/$ray$box$

Protractor$

$$

$ $ $

3.19$$

describe$an$experiment$to$

determine$the$refractive$index$of$

glass,$using$a$glass$block$

$

Angle$of$incidence$$

Angle$of$refraction$

Angle$of$reflection$

Refractive$index$

$

Light$/$ray$box$

Protractor$

$

$ $ $

3.28$describe$an$experiment$to$

measure$the$speed$of$sound$in$air$

$

Distance$and$time!

Speed$

$ $ $

Trundle$wheel$

StopNwatch$

$ $

3.30&describe&an&experiment&

using&an&oscilloscope&to&

determine&the&frequency&of&a&

sound&wave&

Time$period$

Frequency$

$

Signal$generator$

Oscilloscope$

Speaker$

$ $ $

Section&4&–&Energy$

$$

$None.&

&$

$$

Section&5&–&Solids,&liquids&and&gases.&

$$

$Experim

ent.&

Variables.&


&5.3$describe$experiments$to$

determine$density$using$direct$

measurements$of$mass$and$volume$

&

Mass$

Volume$

Density$

$

Balance$

Ruler$

Measuring$cylinder$

Water$

$

$ $ $ $ $

Section&6&–&Electrom

agnetism.&

$

$

$

6.6$describe$experiments$to$

investigate$the$magnetic$field$

pattern$for$a$permanent$bar$magnet$

and$that$between$two$bar$magnets$

&

$Plotting$compasses$

Paper$

$

$ $ $

Section&7&–&Radioactivity.&

$

$

$

7.15$describe$the$results$of$Geiger$

and$Marsden’s$experiments$with$

gold$foil$and$alpha$particles$

&

$$

$

7.16$describe$Rutherford’s$nuclear$

model$of$the$atom$and$how$it$

accounts$for$the$results$of$Geiger$

and$Marsden’s$experiment$and$

understand$the$factors$(charge$and$

speed)$which$affect$the$deflection$of$

alpha$particles$by$a$nucleus&

$$

$

$ $

Accuracy&

Precision&

Reliability&

&$ Being&accurate&=$measuring$a$variable$or$quantity$

correctly$

$ Repeating$measurements$does$not$make$answers$

more$accurate$

$ To$be$accurate$you$must$use$measuring$device$

correctly$

e.g.$measuring$cylinder$–$flat$surface,$avoid$

parallax/eyelevel,$bottom$of$meniscus,$don’t$spill$liquid$

$ e.g.$electronic$balance$–$check$zero/tare,$flat$surface$

$ $ $ $ $

$ Being&precise&–&depends$on&the$size$of$the$divisions$on$

the$measuring$device$$

$ e.g.$measuring$cylinder$–$1ml,$5ml,$10ml$divisions$$

$ e.g.$ruler$–$1mm,$0.5cm,$1cm$$

$ e.g.$Ammeters$or$voltmeters$–$0.1$or$0.01A$etc.$

$ Being&reliable&=&measuring$a$quantity$or$variable$

more$than$once$and$getting$results$which$are$same/$

similar$/$close$together$

$ Repeating$results$allows$you$to$identify$anomalies,$

it$does$not$stop$you$making$mistakes$$

$ Repeating$results$does$improve$reliability$

$

$

$ $

IGCSE Science

Definitions of terms in practical questions

Although students will not be ask to recall or quote these definitions in any examination, question papers will expect students to recognise these terms and answer questions involving their use. Independent variable: The independent variable is the one which we vary an experiment in order to see the effect on the dependent variable Dependent variable: The dependent variable is the quantity that changes as a result of changes made to another variable (the independent one) Control variable: A control variable is one that will affect the outcome of the investigation. Fair test: A fair test is a series of experiments or measurements in which only the values of one variable are changed. Data: This is a term normally used for the set of numerical values recorded in an experiment. Anomalous data: Anomalous readings are those which fall outside the normal, or expected, range of measurements. Concordant readings: If readings have been taken several times and the readings are identical, or close to each other, then they are described as concordant. Average: The arithmetical mean of a set of data is usually referred to as the average. Correlation: Correlation is the relationship between the two variables in a given experiment. This is often obtained from a graph. Accuracy: An accurate measurement is one that is close to the true value. Precision: Precision is usually determined by the apparatus being used, although it can be influenced by technique. Reliability: The results of an investigation may be considered reliable if readings are repeated, and concordant data is obtained. Validity: Data collected may be considered valid if you can say “yes” to the question,

Edexcel'IGCSE'Physics'–'All'the'equations'you'need'to'‘know'and'use’'and'‘use’.'!Section' ‘know'and'use’'='‘you'need'to'remember'it'and'understand'how'to'use'it’'

'*'‘use’'='‘given'in'the'front'page'of'the'exam'but'you'still'need'to'understand'how'to'use'it’''

1.3!!

UG029854 – Specification – Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (4PH0)

– Issue 5 – April 2013 © Pearson Education Limited 2013

4

b) Movement and position

Students will be assessed on their ability to:

1.2 plot and interpret distance-time graphs

1.3 know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time:

distance movedaverage speed =

time taken

1.4 describe experiments to investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls

1.5 know and use the relationship between acceleration, velocity and time:

changeinvelocityacceleration =

time taken

( )

= v uat�

1.6 plot and interpret velocity-time graphs

1.7 determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity-time graph

1.8 determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity-time graph and the time axis.

!1.5!



4






time taken




time taken

( )

= v uat�




!



4






time taken




time taken

( )

= v uat�




!1.15!

UG029854 – Specification – Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (4PH0) –

Issue 5 – April 2013 © Pearson Education Limited 2013

5

c) Forces, movement, shape and momentum


1.9 describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction

1.10 identify different types of force such as gravitational or electrostatic

1.11 distinguish between vector and scalar quantities

1.12 understand that force is a vector quantity

1.13 find the resultant force of forces that act along a line

1.14 understand that friction is a force that opposes motion

1.15 know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration:

force = mass × acceleration

F = m × a

1.16 know and use the relationship between weight, mass and g:

weight = mass × g

W = m × g

1.17 describe the forces acting on falling objects and explain why falling objects reach a terminal velocity

1.18 describe experiments to investigate the forces acting on falling objects, such as sycamore seeds or parachutes

1.19 describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance including speed, mass, road condition and reaction time

1.20 know and use the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity:

momentum = mass × velocity

p = m × v 1.21 use the idea of momentum to explain safety features

1.22 use the conservation of momentum to calculate the mass, velocity or momentum of objects

1.23 use the relationship between force, change in momentum and time taken:

change in momentumforce =

time taken

1.24 demonstrate an understanding of Newton’s third law

1.25 know and use the relationship between the moment of a force and its distance from the pivot:

moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot

1.26 recall that the weight of a body acts through its centre of gravity

!1.16!



5











F = m × a


weight = mass × g

W = m × g










time taken





!1.20'



5











F = m × a


weight = mass × g

W = m × g










time taken





!1.23'*'



5











F = m × a


weight = mass × g

W = m × g










time taken





!1.25!



5











F = m × a


weight = mass × g

W = m × g










time taken





!1.35!*!



6

1.27 know and use the principle of moments for a simple system of parallel forces acting in one plane

1.28 understand that the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam

1.29 describe experiments to investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands

1.30 understand that the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with Hooke’s law

1.31 describe elastic behaviour as the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed.

d) Astronomy


1.32 understand gravitational field strength, g, and recall that it is different on other planets and the moon from that on the Earth

1.33 explain that gravitational force:

x causes moons to orbit planets

x causes the planets to orbit the sun

x causes artificial satellites to orbit the Earth

x causes comets to orbit the sun

1.34 describe the differences in the orbits of comets, moons and planets

1.35 use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period:

πu u2 orbital radius

orbital speed =time period

2 π rvT

u u

1.36 understand that:

x the universe is a large collection of billions of galaxies

x a galaxy is a large collection of billions of stars

x our solar system is in the Milky Way galaxy.

!2.5!



7

Section 2: Electricity

a) Units

b) Mains electricity

c) Energy and potential difference in circuits

d) Electric charge

a) Units


2.1 use the following units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (:), second

(s), volt (V), watt (W).



2.2 understand and identify the hazards of electricity including frayed cables,

long cables, damaged plugs, water around sockets, and pushing metal

objects into sockets

2.3 understand the uses of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and

circuit breakers in a range of domestic appliances

2.4 understand that a current in a resistor results in the electrical transfer of

energy and an increase in temperature, and how this can be used in a

variety of domestic contexts

2.5 know and use the relationship:

power = current × voltage

P = I × V

and apply the relationship to the selection of appropriate fuses

2.6 use the relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time:

energy transferred = current × voltage × time

E = I × V × t 2.7 understand the difference between mains electricity being alternating

current (a.c.) and direct current (d.c.) being supplied by a cell or battery.

!2.6!*!



7

Section 2: Electricity

a) Units



d) Electric charge

a) Units


2.1 use the following units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (:), second

(s), volt (V), watt (W).



2.2 understand and identify the hazards of electricity including frayed cables,

long cables, damaged plugs, water around sockets, and pushing metal

objects into sockets

2.3 understand the uses of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and

circuit breakers in a range of domestic appliances

2.4 understand that a current in a resistor results in the electrical transfer of

energy and an increase in temperature, and how this can be used in a

variety of domestic contexts


power = current × voltage

P = I × V

and apply the relationship to the selection of appropriate fuses

2.6 use the relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time:

energy transferred = current × voltage × time

E = I × V × t 2.7 understand the difference between mains electricity being alternating

current (a.c.) and direct current (d.c.) being supplied by a cell or battery.

!2.14!



8



2.8 explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications, including domestic lighting

2.9 understand that the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the number and nature of other components

2.10 describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes, and how this can be investigated experimentally

2.11 describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit

2.12 describe the qualitative variation of resistance of LDRs with illumination and of thermistors with temperature

2.13 know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a circuit

2.14 know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance:

voltage = current × resistance

V = I × R

2.15 understand that current is the rate of flow of charge

2.16 know and use the relationship between charge, current and time:

charge = current × time

Q = I × t 2.17 know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively

charged electrons


x voltage is the energy transferred per unit charge passed

x the volt is a joule per coulomb.

!

2.16!



8



2.8 explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications, including domestic lighting

2.9 understand that the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the number and nature of other components

2.10 describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes, and how this can be investigated experimentally

2.11 describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit

2.12 describe the qualitative variation of resistance of LDRs with illumination and of thermistors with temperature

2.13 know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a circuit

2.14 know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance:

voltage = current × resistance

V = I × R

2.15 understand that current is the rate of flow of charge

2.16 know and use the relationship between charge, current and time:

charge = current × time

Q = I × t 2.17 know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively

charged electrons


x voltage is the energy transferred per unit charge passed

x the volt is a joule per coulomb.

!3.5!



10

Section 3: Waves

a) Units

b) Properties of waves

c) The electromagnetic spectrum

d) Light and sound

a) Units


3.1 use the following units: degree (°), hertz (Hz), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), second (s).



3.2 understand the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves and describe experiments to show longitudinal and transverse waves in, for example, ropes, springs and water

3.3 define amplitude, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave

3.4 understand that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter

3.5 know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave:

wave speed = frequency × wavelength

v = f × O

3.6 use the relationship between frequency and time period:

periodtime1

frequency

Tf 1

3.7 use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic waves

3.8 understand that waves can be diffracted when they pass an edge

3.9 understand that waves can be diffracted through gaps, and that the extent of diffraction depends on the wavelength and the physical dimension of the gap.

!3.6!*!



10

Section 3: Waves

a) Units


c) The electromagnetic spectrum

d) Light and sound

a) Units


3.1 use the following units: degree (°), hertz (Hz), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), second (s).



3.2 understand the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves and describe experiments to show longitudinal and transverse waves in, for example, ropes, springs and water

3.3 define amplitude, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave

3.4 understand that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter

3.5 know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave:

wave speed = frequency × wavelength

v = f × O

3.6 use the relationship between frequency and time period:

periodtime1

frequency

Tf 1

3.7 use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic waves

3.8 understand that waves can be diffracted when they pass an edge

3.9 understand that waves can be diffracted through gaps, and that the extent of diffraction depends on the wavelength and the physical dimension of the gap.

!3.18!



12

d) Light and sound


3.14 understand that light waves are transverse waves which can be reflected, refracted and diffracted

3.15 use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection)

3.16 construct ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of a virtual image in a plane mirror

3.17 describe experiments to investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semicircular blocks and triangular prisms

3.18 know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction:

in

r

sin

sin

3.19 describe an experiment to determine the refractive index of glass, using a glass block

3.20 describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along optical fibres and in prisms

3.21 explain the meaning of critical angle c

3.22 know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index:

1c

n sin

3.23 understand the difference between analogue and digital signals

3.24 describe the advantages of using digital signals rather than analogue signals

3.25 describe how digital signals can carry more information

3.26 understand that sound waves are longitudinal waves and how they can be reflected, refracted and diffracted

3.27 understand that the frequency range for human hearing is

20 Hz – 20,000 Hz

3.28 describe an experiment to measure the speed of sound in air

3.29 understand how an oscilloscope and microphone can be used to display a sound wave

3.30 describe an experiment using an oscilloscope to determine the frequency of a sound wave

3.31 relate the pitch of a sound to the frequency of vibration of the source

3.32 relate the loudness of a sound to the amplitude of vibration.

!3.22!



12

d) Light and sound


3.14 understand that light waves are transverse waves which can be reflected, refracted and diffracted

3.15 use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection)

3.16 construct ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of a virtual image in a plane mirror

3.17 describe experiments to investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semicircular blocks and triangular prisms

3.18 know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction:

in

r

sin

sin

3.19 describe an experiment to determine the refractive index of glass, using a glass block

3.20 describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along optical fibres and in prisms

3.21 explain the meaning of critical angle c

3.22 know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index:

1c

n sin

3.23 understand the difference between analogue and digital signals

3.24 describe the advantages of using digital signals rather than analogue signals

3.25 describe how digital signals can carry more information

3.26 understand that sound waves are longitudinal waves and how they can be reflected, refracted and diffracted

3.27 understand that the frequency range for human hearing is

20 Hz – 20,000 Hz

3.28 describe an experiment to measure the speed of sound in air

3.29 understand how an oscilloscope and microphone can be used to display a sound wave

3.30 describe an experiment using an oscilloscope to determine the frequency of a sound wave

3.31 relate the pitch of a sound to the frequency of vibration of the source

3.32 relate the loudness of a sound to the amplitude of vibration.

!4.4!



13

Section 4: Energy resources and energy transfer

a) Units

b) Energy transfer

c) Work and power

d) Energy resources and electricity generation

a) Units


4.1 use the following units: kilogram (kg), joule (J), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N), second (s), watt (W).

b) Energy transfer


4.2 describe energy transfers involving the following forms of energy: thermal (heat), light, electrical, sound, kinetic, chemical, nuclear and potential (elastic and gravitational)

4.3 understand that energy is conserved


inputenergytotaloutputenergyuseful

efficiency

4.5 describe a variety of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining the fate of the input energy in terms of the above relationship, including their representation by Sankey diagrams

4.6 describe how energy transfer may take place by conduction, convection and radiation

4.7 explain the role of convection in everyday phenomena

4.8 explain how insulation is used to reduce energy transfers from buildings and the human body.

!4.9!



14

c) Work and power


4.9 know and use the relationship between work, force and distance moved in the direction of the force:

work done = force × distance moved

W = F × d

4.10 understand that work done is equal to energy transferred


gravitational potential energy = mass × g × height

GPE = m × g × h


kinetic energy = 2

1 × mass × speed2

KE = 2

1 × m × v2

4.13 understand how conservation of energy produces a link between gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy and work

4.14 describe power as the rate of transfer of energy or the rate of doing work

4.15 use the relationship between power, work done (energy transferred) and time taken:

work done

power=time taken

tWP

!4.11!



14

c) Work and power




W = F × d




GPE = m × g × h


kinetic energy = 2

1 × mass × speed2

KE = 2

1 × m × v2




work done

power=time taken

tWP

!4.12!



14

c) Work and power




W = F × d




GPE = m × g × h


kinetic energy = 2

1 × mass × speed2

KE = 2

1 × m × v2




work done

power=time taken

tWP

!4.15!*!



14

c) Work and power




W = F × d




GPE = m × g × h


kinetic energy = 2

1 × mass × speed2

KE = 2

1 × m × v2




work done

power=time taken

tWP

!5.2!



16

Section 5: Solids, liquids and gases

a) Units

b) Density and pressure

c) Change of state

d) Ideal gas molecules

a) Units


5.1 use the following units: degrees Celsius (oC), kelvin (K), joule (J), kilogram

(kg), kilogram/metre3 (kg/m

3), metre (m), metre

2 (m

2 ), metre

3 (m

3),

metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s

2 ), newton (N), pascal (Pa).



5.2 know and use the relationship between density, mass and volume:

massdensity=

volume

Vm

U

5.3 describe experiments to determine density using direct measurements of

mass and volume

5.4 know and use the relationship between pressure, force and area:

area

forcepressure

AFp

5.5 understand that the pressure at a point in a gas or liquid which is at rest

acts equally in all directions

5.6 know and use the relationship for pressure difference:

pressure difference = height × density × g

p = h × ρ × g

!

5.4!



16


a) Units


c) Change of state


a) Units





2 (m

2 ), metre

3 (m

3),






massdensity=

volume

Vm

U


mass and volume


area

forcepressure

AFp





p = h × ρ × g

!5.6!



16


a) Units


c) Change of state


a) Units





2 (m

2 ), metre

3 (m

3),






massdensity=

volume

Vm

U


mass and volume


area

forcepressure

AFp





p = h × ρ × g !

5.16!*!



17

c) Change of state


5.7 understand the changes that occur when a solid melts to form a liquid, and when a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas

5.8 describe the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids and gases



5.9 understand the significance of Brownian motion, as supporting evidence for particle theory

5.10 understand that molecules in a gas have a random motion and that they exert a force and hence a pressure on the walls of the container

5.11 understand why there is an absolute zero of temperature which is –273qC

5.12 describe the Kelvin scale of temperature and be able to convert between the Kelvin and Celsius scales

5.13 understand that an increase in temperature results in an increase in the average speed of gas molecules

5.14 understand that the Kelvin temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules

5.15 describe the qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature for a gas in a sealed container

5.16 use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume:

1 2

1 2

p pT T

=

5.17 use the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature:

p1V1 = =p2V2

!5.17!*!



17

c) Change of state


5.7 understand the changes that occur when a solid melts to form a liquid, and when a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas

5.8 describe the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids and gases



5.9 understand the significance of Brownian motion, as supporting evidence for particle theory

5.10 understand that molecules in a gas have a random motion and that they exert a force and hence a pressure on the walls of the container

5.11 understand why there is an absolute zero of temperature which is –273qC

5.12 describe the Kelvin scale of temperature and be able to convert between the Kelvin and Celsius scales

5.13 understand that an increase in temperature results in an increase in the average speed of gas molecules

5.14 understand that the Kelvin temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules

5.15 describe the qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature for a gas in a sealed container

5.16 use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume:

1 2

1 2

p pT T

=

5.17 use the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature:

p1V1 = =p2V2

!6.19!



20

d) Electromagnetic induction


6.15 understand that a voltage is induced in a conductor or a coil when it moves through a magnetic field or when a magnetic field changes through it and describe the factors which affect the size of the induced voltage

6.16 describe the generation of electricity by the rotation of a magnet within a coil of wire and of a coil of wire within a magnetic field and describe the factors which affect the size of the induced voltage

6.17 describe the structure of a transformer, and understand that a transformer changes the size of an alternating voltage by having different numbers of turns on the input and output sides

6.18 explain the use of step-up and step-down transformers in the large-scale generation and transmission of electrical energy

6.19 know and use the relationship between input (primary) and output (secondary) voltages and the turns ratio for a transformer:

input (primary) voltage primary turns=

output (secondary) voltage secondary turns

S

P

S

P

nn

VV


input power = output power

VP IP = VS IS

for 100% efficiency

!6.20!



20

d) Electromagnetic induction


6.15 understand that a voltage is induced in a conductor or a coil when it moves through a magnetic field or when a magnetic field changes through it and describe the factors which affect the size of the induced voltage

6.16 describe the generation of electricity by the rotation of a magnet within a coil of wire and of a coil of wire within a magnetic field and describe the factors which affect the size of the induced voltage

6.17 describe the structure of a transformer, and understand that a transformer changes the size of an alternating voltage by having different numbers of turns on the input and output sides

6.18 explain the use of step-up and step-down transformers in the large-scale generation and transmission of electrical energy

6.19 know and use the relationship between input (primary) and output (secondary) voltages and the turns ratio for a transformer:

input (primary) voltage primary turns=

output (secondary) voltage secondary turns

S

P

S

P

nn

VV


input power = output power

VP IP = VS IS

for 100% efficiency !

!

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Top$tips$for$taking$Physics$examinations.$1.! Read#all#of#the#parts#of#a#question#before#answering#it.#

2.! Note#the#action#words#in#the#question#(and#answer#accordingly):#State;&Explain;&Complete;&Describe;&Use&(the&graph);&Suggest;&Evaluate#

3.! Pay#attention#to#the#number#of#marks#on#offer#(e.g.#for#3#marks,#you#must#say#at#least#three#things).#

4.! 1#mark#questions#saying#'State'#or#'Recall'#require#short,$simple#answers.#

5.! Learn#all#definitions#and#formulas#wordHforHword.#If#it#says#‘know#and#use’#an#equation#in#the#syllabus#then#you#

need#to#remember#it#and#be#able#to#apply#it.##

6.! If#is#says#‘use’#and#equation#in#the#syllabus#you#do#not#need#to#remember#it#as#its#given#at#the#start#of#the#exam.##

7.! Also#at#the#start#of#the#exam#it#says#‘Where#necessary,#assume#the#acceleration#of#free#fall,#g#=#10#m/s2#‘#

8.! Give#enough#detail#in#your#answers.#State#the#obvious#e.g.#a&force&is&a&push&or&a&pull.#

9.! Show#that#you#can#use#subject#specific#Physics#vocabulary#whenever#you#can.#

10.!Part$questions#are#usually#on#a#single#topic#e.g.#the#answer#to#part#(a)#feeds#into#(b).#

11.!Stay#aware#of#the#time#(1#mark#per#minute).#If#you#get#stuck,#move$on#and#return#if#you#have#time#at#the#end.#

12.!Don't#be#afraid#to#physically#act#out#the#electromagnetism#hand$rules#in#the#exam.#

13.!Never#leave#a#question#blank.#If#nothing#else,#write#down#relevant#formulas#or#definitions.#

14.!As#you#finish#a#question,#quickly#re?read#your#answer#to#make#sure#it#makes#sense.#

15.!Don't#leave#early.#Check#and#reHcheck#your#answers.#

16.!After#the#exam,#don't#waste#time#discussing#your#answers.#Look$ahead#to#the#next#paper.#

#

Calculations.$#

1)#Always#show#your#working:#there#are#many#marks#for#this#even#if#the#answer#is#wrong.#

2)#These#are#the#stages:#Formula$?$Rearrange$?$Information$?$Substitute$?$Calculate$?$Answer$?$Unit#

3)$Underline:#Show#your#final#answer#clearly#highlighting#or#underlining.#

4)$Significant$figures:#There#are#marks#for#getting#this#right.#Every#answer#should#be#given#to#the#correct#number#of#sf#

(the#same#sf#as#the#numbers#given#in#the#question).#e.g.#5.2*9.8#=#51#(2#sf).#It#is#a#good#idea#to#state#the#sf#to#show#that#

you#know#about#it.#

5)$Equations:#if#you#are#asked#to#write#one#down,#use#words#not#just#symbols.#

6)$Rounding:#if#you#are#asked#to#show#a#quantity#is#'approximately#equal#to'#a#given#value,#show#the#rounding#step:#eg#

8.7A#(rounded#to#9A).#

7)$Prefixes:#convert#units#such#as#kN#(kiloHnewtons)#and#mA#(milliHamperes)#by#multiplying#or#dividing#by#1000.#

8)$Assumptions:#many#formulas#can#only#be#used#with#particular#assumptions#eg#a&fixed&mass&of&gas#or#temperature&is&

kept&constant#etc.#

9)$Common?sense:#consider#whether#numerical#answers#make#sense#eg#a&person&of&mass&5.0&or&500&kg&is&not&likely.&

Exam$questions$about$experimental$skills.#

1)! Method:#describe#all#the#steps#in#the#right#order.#

2)! Quantities:#give#the#number#and#unit#(in#a#table,#unit#is#in#the#heading).#

3)! Repeat#readings.#The#reasons#for#this#are:#

•!make#the#result#more#reliable#(gives#the#same#result#each#time);#

•!to#find#a#mean#value;#

•!to#spot#anomalies.#

4)! Scales:#read#them#with#your#eye#level#with#the#reading#(avoid#parallax#error).#

5)! Zero$error:#make#sure#the#ruler#or#meter#starts#at#zero.#

6)! Apparatus:#learn#the#names#eg#measuring#cylinder;#ray#box;#tickerHtimer;#airHtrack;#stand#and#clamp#etc.#

7)! Examples$of$Safety$precautions.#

•! Weights#must#not#fall#on#toes.$

•! Hot#objects#must#be#carried#with#insulating#handles.$

•! Fasten#clamp#stands#to#the#bench.$

•! Protect#eyes#from#stretched#wires;#liquids;#flying#objects.$

•! Labcoats#protect#skin#and#clothes#from#chemicals#and#hot#materials.$

•! Electricity#supplies#should#be#low$voltage.$

•! Mop#up#water#if#it#is#spilled.$

•! Radioactive#materials#must#be#stored#inside#lead#containers#and#handled#with#forceps.$

•! Avoid#damage#to#apparatus#(don't#exceed#limits#for#elasticity/#current/#temperature/#force#etc).$

8)! Variables$

•! Independent#variable#is#the#one#which#you#choose#to#change.#You#can#make#decisions#about#the#range#and#

number#of#values.#It#should#be#the#leftmost#column#in#a#table#and#the#horizontal#axis#on#a#graph.$

•! Dependent#variable#is#the#one#which#you#measure.#This#is#the#variable#you#average#when#there#are#repetitions.$

•! Controlled#variables#are#the#ones#you#keep#constant#to#ensure#a#fair$test.$

9)! Evaluating#conclusions$

10)!Precision#H#this#means#how#many#significant#figures#are#used#in#a#measurement.#(eg#0.25s#has#a#precision#of#

0.01s).#It#can#be#useful#to#estimate#the#precision#as#a#percentage#of#the#reading#(eg#here#it#is#4%)$

11)!Accuracy#H#this#means#how#close#to#the#true#value#the#result#is.$

12)!Reliability#H#whether#a#result#can#be#repeated.$

13)!Improvements$

•!Reaction$time#H#this#can#adversely#affect#measurements#of#time#(add#0.1s).#To#reduce#it,#use#electronic#timing#

or#measure#longer#times.$

•!For#oscillations,#measure#several#and#divide#to#find#time$period#which#will#reduce#effect#of#reaction#time.$

•!To#improve#precision#you#can#use#a#scale#with#smaller#divisions.$

•!Repeat#measurement#(consider#if#it#is#appropriate#in#each#situation).$

•!Does#the#question#require#improvement#in#the#method#(same#apparatus#used#differently)#or#equipment#(same#

method,#different#instruments)?#

$

#

14)$Explanations$

•!When#explaining,#give#reasons.$

•!Use#labelled#diagrams#if#it#helps#you#to#explain#something.$

•!Mention#all#of#the#relevant#physics#vocabulary.$

•!When#explaining#a#quantity,#consider#the#relevant#formulas:#eg#pressure#depends#force#exerted#on#an#area.$

•! In#questions#about#kinetic$theory,#talk#about#particles.#

15)$Diagrams$

•!Use#a#ruler$and$pencil.#Don't#rush.#Draw#large#and#clearly.$

•!For#magnetic#fields,#the#lines#must#show#the#direction,#form#complete$loops#and#NEVER#cross#nor#touch.$

•! In#light#diagrams,#draw#the#normal#and#arrows#on#the#rays.#Light#travels#into#the#eye.$

•! In#electric#circuits,#show#conventional#current#(not#electron#flow#which#is#in#the#opposite#direction)$

#

Graphs.$Graphs#are#often#marked#for#the#following#features:#

1)! Size#(more#than#50%#of#the#graph#paper)#

2)! Axis#(label#quantity#and#unit;#numbers#evenly#spaced)#

3)! Plotting#(usually#2#marks#for#accuracy#of#points).#Mark#points#with#small#dots.#

4)! Line$of$best$fit#(don't#join#the#dots;#don't#force#it#through#the#origin;#only#draw#a#straight#line#if#it#looks#straight;#and#if#it#is#straight,#use#a#ruler).#

5)! Anomalies#can#be#identified#as#points#far#from#the#line#of#best#fit.#

6)! Calculating#gradient:#actually#draw#the#riseHrun#triangle#(make#it#large).#Use#measurements#of#the#triangle#for#the#calculation,#NOT#values#from#the#coordinates.#A#gradient#has#a#unit.#

#

Proportional#quantities:#state#that#a#relationship#is#proportional#or#linear#if#A#=#kB,#but#not#if#A#=#kB#+#C#or#if#A#=#kB2#e.g.#

"kinetic#energy#increases#with#velocity,#but#the#KEHv#graph#is#non?linear#(KE#is#prop.#to#v#squared)".#

Notes

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

!

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics – Specification – Issue 1 – June 2016 © Pearson Education Limited 2016

47

Appendix 5: Command words

The following table lists the command words used in the external assessments.

Command word Definition

Add/Label Requires the addition or labelling of a stimulus material given in the question, for example labelling a diagram or adding units to a table.

Calculate Obtain a numerical answer, showing relevant working.

Comment on

Requires the synthesis of a number of variables from data/information to form a judgement.

Complete Requires the completion of a table/diagram.

Deduce Draw/reach conclusion(s) from the information provided.

Describe

To give an account of something. Statements in the response need to be developed, as they are often linked but do not need to include a justification or reason.

Determine

The answer must have an element that is quantitative from the stimulus provided, or must show how the answer can be reached quantitatively. To gain maximum marks, there must be a quantitative element to the answer.

Design Plan or invent a procedure from existing principles/ideas.

Discuss

• Identify the issue/situation/problem/argument that is being assessed within the question.

• Explore all aspects of an issue/situation/problem/argument.

• Investigate the issue/situation etc. by reasoning or argument.

Draw Produce a diagram either using a ruler or freehand.

Estimate Find an approximate value, number or quantity from a diagram/given data or through a calculation.

Evaluate

Review information (e.g. data, methods) then bring it together to form a conclusion, drawing on evidence including strengths, weaknesses, alternative actions, relevant data or information. Come to a supported judgement of a subject’s quality and relate it to its context.

Explain

An explanation requires a justification/exemplification of a point. The answer must contain some element of reasoning/justification – this can include mathematical explanations.

Give/State/Name All of these command words are really synonyms. They generally all require recall of one or more pieces of information.

Give a reason/reasons When a statement has been made and the requirement is only to give the reason(s) why.

Identify Usually requires some key information to be selected from a given stimulus/resource.

!!


47






Comment on




Describe


Determine



Discuss






Evaluate


Explain





!


47






Comment on




Describe


Determine



Discuss






Evaluate


Explain





!!

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics –

Specification – Issue 1 – June 2016 © Pearson Education Limited 2016

48


Justify Give evidence to support (either the statement given in the

question or an earlier answer).

Plot Produce a graph by marking points accurately on a grid from

data that is provided and then draw a line of best fit through

these points. A suitable scale and appropriately labelled axes

must be included if these are not provided in the question.

Predict Give an expected result.

Show that Verify the statement given in the question.

Sketch Produce a freehand drawing. For a graph, this would need a

line and labelled axes with important features indicated.

The axes are not scaled.

State what is meant by When the meaning of a term is expected but there are

different ways for how these can be described.

Suggest Use your knowledge to propose a solution to a problem in a

novel context.

Verb proceeding a command word

Analyse the data/graph

to explain

Examine the data/graph in detail to provide an explanation.

Multiple choice questions

What, Why Direct command words used for multiple-choice questions.

!!

!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)<=>?/.?)@(<A#B)*))

9??C-)()*)D3E-FG-:)$#HH))I)<-1:?34)56C.12/34)J/F/2-6)$#HH)

KL)

!""#$%&'()*(+,#-./&-0,(-&/-1&.(23456,2()

!"#$%&'(&)*+ ,-./)0+ + !"#$%&'(&)*+ ,-./)0+

;346C.23:?).:3??/4M)N/2=)43).344-.2/34)

)

) A-12-:)

)OC4.2/34)30).346C.23:?)

)

) P=-:F/?23:)

)Q,-4)?N/2.=)

)

) J/M=2R6-,-46-42):-?/?23:)@JSTB)

);83?-6)?N/2.=)

)

) T-81>)

)Q,-4),C?=)?N/2.=)

)

) S/36-)

);83?-6),C?=)?N/2.=)

)

) J/M=2R-F/22/4M)6/36-)@J5SB)

);-88)

)

) J1F,)

)U122-:>)30).-88?)

)

) J3C6?,-1V-:)

)<3N-:)?C,,8>)

!

!"#$%&'

$(&')

) W/.:3,=34-)

)P:14?03:F-:)

)

) 58-.2:/.)G-88)

)XFF-2-:) "

)

) 51:2=)3:)M:3C46)

)W/88/1FF-2-:) #"

)

) W323:) $

)Y382F-2-:) %

)

) "-4-:123:) &

)Z/7-6):-?/?23:)

)

) ZC?-[./:.C/2)G:-1V-:)

)Y1:/1G8-):-?/?23:)

)

) ) )

!

Documents

IGCSE&& . · PDF fileTop!tips!for!taking!Physics!examinations. Command!words!–!definitions.! Electrical!circuit!symbols.!!!!!"#$%&'()*)+,-./0/.12/34)*)56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)?/.?)@(

IGCSE&& . · PDF fileTop!tips!for!taking!Physics!examinations. Command!words!–!definitions.! Electrical!circuit!symbols.!!!!!"#$%&'())+,-./0/.12/34))56-7.-8)942-:412/3418)";+5)/4)?/.?)@(