Igc2 Net Material

NEBOSH = IGC2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1 | 2 1 A r s h a d M . Q a z i P a g e

1. List eight design features and/or safe practice intended to reduce the risk of Accidents on

staircase used as internal pedestrian routes within work premises

1. The removal of obstructions

2. Provision of non-slippery surfaces, together with reflective edging.

3. Adequate lighting.

4. Effective maintenance of the staircase.

5. Width of the staircase

6. Provision of handrails

7. Dimension of treads and risers

8. Provision of landings.

9. Provision for disabled persons.

10. Possible use of elevators / life as alternative.

11. Imposing site rules for using appropriate foot wear.

2. Outline the precautions that might be needed to ensure the safety of pedestrians in vehicle

maneuvering areas

1. Separate systems for vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

2. Appropriate road markings.

3. Maintaining good visibility (mirrors, transparent door, provision of lighting etc).

4. Audible warning on vehicles.

5. The wearing of high visibility jackets.

6. Good standard of housekeeping.

7. Training for, and supervision of all concerned.

8. Enforcement of site rules.

9. Supervision.

3. Outline the means by which the risk accidents from reversing vehicles within a workplace can

be reduced

.The various means by which the risk of accidents from reversing vehicleswithin a workplace can be

reduced are.

1. Trying to avoid the need of vehicle to be reversed. (One way or drive through system,

turning circles etc.).

2. Separation of vehicles and pedestrians (barriers, signs etc).

3. Aspects of vehicle and workplace design (audible alarms, mirrors on vehicles and at blind

corners, refuges, lighting etc.)

4. Procedural measures like use of banks men, site rules, driver training etc.)

Q4. Identify the types of hazard that may cause slips or trips at work

There are many reasons why people slip or trip at work. The main reasons are floor poorly being

maintained, changes in level (with ramp, slopes or Krebs), slippery surfaces caused by oil, water or

ice, inappropriate footwear, and general obstructions in walkways such as trailing cables, pipes and

air hoses.

5.Outline how slips and trip hazards in the workplace might be controlled

Control measures such as highlighting changes in level with hazard warning strips, providing good

lighting, introducing procedures for reporting defects and for spillages, gritting oil and icy surfaces,

using non slip flooring and ensuring high standards of housekeeping to keep floors free of

obstruction.

6. Outline the possible causes of a forklift overturning



1. Driving too fast

2. Sudden breaking

3. Driving on slopes.

4. Driving on debris

5. Under-inflated tires.

6. Driving over holes in floor, such as drains.

7. Driving with load elevated.

8. Overloading – exceeding maximum capacity.

9. Collisions with buildings or other vehicles.

10. Incorrect choice of forklift for the job.

7. Outline the conditions and environments in which a vehicle accident may occur

1. Inadequate lighting

2. Inadequate direction signs

3. Inadequate signs or signals to identify the presence of vehicles.

4. Drivers unfamiliar with site.

5. Need to reverse.

6. Poor visibility e.g. sharp bends mirror / windscreen misted up.

7. Poor identification of fixed objects e.g. overhead pipes, door ways,storage tanks, corners of

buildings.

8. Lack of separation of pedestrians and vehicles.

9. Lack of safe crossing pints on roads and vehicle routes.

10. Pedestrians using doors provided for sole vehicle use.

11. Lack of barriers to prevent pedestrians suddenly stepping from anexit/entrance into a

vehicle’s path.

12. Poor maintenance of vehicles e.g. tiers or brakes

13. Excessive speed of vehicles.

14. Lack of vehicle management e.g. use of traffic control, ‘signaler’.

15. Environmental conditions e.g. poor lighting, rain, snow or ice.

8.What are the factors that to be taken into account when planning traffic routes for internal

transport

The purpose of the route, the types of vehicle using the routes.

The likely volume of traffic, the layout of the area.

The possible need for one-way systems.

Speed limits.

Markings

Crossing points and signs

The importance of separating pedestrians and vehicles possibly by the use of physical

barriers.

Suitability of floors as well as environmental issues such as lighting levels and ventilation

when diesel-powered transport is to be used inside a building.

9. Identify eight rules to follow when a fork-lift is left unattended during a drivers work break

.There are a number of precautions that a driver must follow when leaving his/her forklift truck

unattended. The first one relates to leaving the forklift truck on a firm level surface, in a designated

area, to ensure that it cannot rollaway. The truck must not be left in a position where it could

obstruct the emergency exits, walkways or fire points, and must be parked away from other



vehicles. The truck should be left with the mast tilted slightly forward and forks resting on the floor

to make sure that it is stable and not likely to overturn. The truck must not be left until the break has

been applied and the power switched off. Where a start key is used, the key must be removed and

returned it to a responsible person, as appropriate. This will prevent the unauthorized use of the

truck.

10. Outline the precautions to be taken when using a mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) to

reach a high point such as a streetlight

.The need to inspect the equipment before use and to ensure it is in good state of repair.

Using only competent workers Using outriggers and brakes Erecting warning signs and barriers to

avoid collisions avoiding overhead obstructions wearing a harness. Ensuring the platform is not

overloaded.

11.List four specific types of injury that may be caused by the incorrect manual handling off loads

.Spinal disc compression or slipped discs Torn ligaments or strained or sprained tendons, Hernias,

Dislocations and fractures Muscular strains Cuts and abrasions Crushing and impact injuries

12. Outline the factors in relation to the load that will affect the risk of injury

.The factors in relation to the load that can affect the risk of injury are size and weight of the load

the possibility that the contents might move and the load become unbalanced, the weight

distribution (the center of gravity not being in the center of the load), difficulty in securing a firm

grasp of the load, and the presence of sharp edges or very hot or cold surfaces.

13. Battery-powered forklift trucks are used to move palletized goods within a warehouse

.a) Describe four hazards associated specifically with battery-powered forklift trucks’).b) Outline the

precautions that may be needed to ensure the safety of pedestrians in the areas where the fork-lift

trucks are operating.

A)

Main hazards include hydrogen gas being released during battery charging.

1. Electricity problems during charging.

2. Manual handling of liquids for batteries.

3. Corrosive acids caused by charging.

4. Quiet so can cause accidents in areas where PPE is worn.

B)

Separate systems for vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

Appropriate road markings.

Maintaining good visibility (mirrors, transparent door, provision of lighting etc).

Audible warning on vehicles.

The wearing of high visibility jackets.

Good standard of housekeeping.

Training for, and supervision of all concerned.

Enforcement of site rules.

Supervision.



14. Outline a good handling technique that could be adopted by a person required to lift a load

from the ground. Give two examples of how a manual handling task might be avoided.

1. Consider the size & weight of the load

2. Correct position of the feet.

3. Take firm grip

4. Keeping the back straight

5. Bending only the knees

6. Use strength of thigh muscles

Lifting smoothly keeping the load close to the body. The manual handling task can be avoided by

mechanization and use of forklift trucks, hoists, cranes and conveyors.

15. Outline the precautions that should be taken in order to ensure the safety of employees

carrying out maintenance work on process equipment

Permit to work

Pre-task assessment / method statement

Isolation / lock out Tag out procedure.

Pre-clean /purging / ventilation

Atmosphere testing

Safe access egress

Suitable tools (non spark)

Suitable PPE

Suitable lighting

Competent / trained personnel

Above ground support / supervision

Communication (signals / radio)

Emergency procedure.

16. Outline the issues to consider when undertaking a manual handling assessment of a task

that involves lifting buckets of water out of a sink

Frequency of the activity

Vertical & horizontal distances to be lifted / transported.

Distance of load from the body

Awkward body movements & so on

The type / size of bucket & water temperature

Wet floors, space constraints & ambient temperature.

Physical capabilities & limitations of the individual.

17. What are the four factors to be considered when doing the assessment for manual

handling?

Load

Individual

Task

Environment

18. Outline the steps for safe operation of a crane

Ensure operators / slingers are trained and competent.

Select the correct appliances and tackle for the job.

Ensure the appliance is stable when lifting.



Use correct slinging methods.

Protect sling from sharp edges.

Ensure the sling is securely attached to the hook.

Ensure the load is lifted to correct height and moved at an appropriate speed.

Use standard signals

Never drag a load or allow sudden shock loading.

Never use any damaged equipment for lifting.

Never exceed the safe working load.

Never lift a load over the workers.

19. Outline the hazards that could be faced by the worker who is using a petrol driven strummer

to maintain roadside grass verges

Contact with the moving parts of the strummer

The possibility of being struck by flying stones or other materials.

Slips / Trips / Falls

Manual handling hazards.

The danger posed by moving traffic, noise and vibration.

Dust and fumes.

The hazards associated with the storage and transfer of petrol.

Weather condition like exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

20.List the five items of personnel protective equipment that should be provided to the work who

is engaged in using petrol driven strummer to maintain roadside grass verges

1. Ear defenders

2. Eye protection

3. Respiratory protection

4. Gloves

5. Safety footwear

6. Gaiters

7. High visibility jackets that also offers protection against the weather

21.Outline measures other than the use of protective equipment that might be necessary to

ensure the health and safety of the worker who is engaged in using petrol driven strummer to

maintain roadside grass verges

The use of traffic control or barriers.

The selection and maintenance of equipment to reduce to a minimum the levels of noise

and vibration.

The provision of information, instruction, training and supervision and health surveillance.

Completion of a risk assessment for the job to be done.

22. Outline the sources and possible effects of four non-mechanical hazards commonly

encountered in a wood working shop

Dust from sawing and sanding operations (leading to lung disorders and possibly cancer)

Chemical hazards from vanishes, glues etc. (leading to a range of ill-health effects)

Noise from machinery (causing noise-induced loss and other auditory and non-auditory

effects)

Sharps and splinters (causing noise-induced hearing loss and other auditory and non-

auditory effects).



Manual handling hazards (resulting is musculoskeletal disorders)

Electricity (causing shock, burns and fire).

23. Describe the possible effects of electricity on the body

1. Interference with nerve / muscle action, tissue burns, possibility of damage to internal

organs.

2. Cardio-respiratory effects.

3. The risk of fatal injury to disruption of heart rhythm.

24. Outline four factors that may affect the severity of injury from contact with electricity

1. Voltage

2. Current path

3. Duration exposed to the electricity

4. Frequency.

25. Identify four mechanical hazards presented by pedestal drill & outline in each case how injury

may occur

Entanglement of hair with the drill bit or chunk.

Stabbing injuries from the bit

Contact with the drill bit or chuck resulting in abrasions.

Ejection of, or impact by, unclamped work pieces, made worse by the fact that the work

piece may be spinning at fast speed on the bit.

Cutting hazards may also be presented by mental sward produced by the drilling process.

26. Outline the principles of the following types of machine guard.

1.) Fixed Guards

2) Interlocked Guards

Fixed guards: A fixed guard / fence be fitted such that it cannot be removed other than by use of

specialist tools which are not available to operators of the equipment. Interlock Guards: An

interlocked guard is similar to a fixed guard, but has movable(usually hinged) part, so connected to

the machine controls that if the movable part is in the open / lifted position the dangerous moving

part that the work point cannot operate.

27. Identify two advantages & disadvantages of fixed machine guards

Advantages:

It is less costly, needs maintenance and periodic attention, no moving parts, require a tool to

remove.

Disadvantages:

May cause problems with visibility for inspection, if enclosed may create problems with heat,

machine can still be used even if the guard is removed.

28. Outline four main categories of guards and safeguarding devices that may be used to minimize

the risk of contact with the dangerous parts of machinery

Fixed guards

Interlocked guards

Automatic guards

Trip devices

29. Outline four control measures to reduce the risk of injury from pedestal drill

1. Avoid wearing loose clothing with sleeves, any bracelets and chains while working with

pedestal drill.



2. Avoid placing hands under the drill while it is running & use of PPE

3. Make sure that the work piece at which drill has to be used is secured enough to sustain the

drill operation

4. Double check the tightening of the drill bit & make sure that the correct size of the bit is

used.

30. Provide sketches to show clearly the nature of the following mechanical hazards from moving

parts of machinery

Entanglement

Crushing

Drawing-in

Shear

31.Outline a range of check that should be made to ensure electrical safety in an office

environment

Visual inspections for damage to cables, plugs and sockets.

The need to ensure that all fuses are the correct rating

The equipment is sited such that outlets are not overloaded and the cables are not in

vulnerable positions.

The equipment itself should be checked to ensure suitability and conformity with recognized

standards.

Specific testing procedure for portable appliances should be place.

Procedure for reporting defects or damage.

32. In relation to the use of electrical cables and plugs in the workplace identify four examples of

faults and bad practices that could contribute to electrical accidents. Also outline the

corresponding precautions that should be taken for each of the examples identified in

Failure to select the right equipment for the environment

Incorrect rating of fuses.

Ineffective or discontinuous earthing

Overloading of socket outlets

Cables unnecessarily long or short.

The use of coiled extension leads

The use of defective cables and plugs The relevant precautions for the above identified examples

are:

Earthing

Calculate correct rating for a fuse

Residual current device

Reduce voltage

Battery powered.

Double insulation.

33.In relation to electrical safety, explain the meaning of the following terms

.

a) Isolation

b) Earthling

c) Reduced low voltage

d) Over current protection Isolation



– it refers to shutting of the electrical supply to an item of equipment or part of an item of

equipment or part of an electrical system and preventing inadvertent reconnection in order, for

instance, to carry out maintenance work.

Earthing –

this means whereby electrical equipment and conductive items are connected to earth by a cable or

metal pope work such that the route to earth provides the path of least resistance to a current

flowing under fault conditions.

Reduced low voltage –

Commonly used on construction sites, involves the reduction of local supply voltage by a

transformer to a lower, safer voltage – typically 110 or 55volts.

Over current protection –

is a method of preventing the flow of excess current bycutting the supply under fault conditions by

means of a fuse or circuit breaker.34.

Outline how earthing can reduce the risk of receiving an electric shock?

Earthling may prevent electric shock, the electricity supply company has one of itsconductors solidly

connected to the earth and every circuits supplied by the companymust have one of its conductors

connected to earth. This means that if there is a fault,such as a break in the circuit the current

known as the earth fault current, will return directly to earth, which forms the circuit of least

resistance.

35. Outline the emergency actions to take if a person suffers a severe electric shock

.The action of discovering a person having suffered an electric shock should be to make others aware

of the situation and, at the same time or immediately afterwards, to turn off the supply. If this is not

possible, and the victim is still in contact with, or in close proximity to, the live part, then he/she

should be pushed clear using a non-conductive implement (such as a broom). First-aid should then

be administered, which, depending on the condition of the person, may include cardio-pulmonary

resuscitation. If successful, an airway should bemaintained by placing the victim in the recovery

position and breathing should be monitoreduntil medical help arrives.

36. Outline the precautions to protect against electrocution when

a) When excavating near underground cables. b) Working near overhead power lines.

a) Excavating near underground cables

1. Supply isolation

2. Cable routes identification via plans and cable detectors

3. Checking for service box covers

4. Marking of cable routes

5. Digging with hand tools.

b) Working near overhead power lines

Isolation

Goal-post barriers defining clearance distances

Use of signs and bunting to clearly mark danger zones

Safe access routes under lines

Use of marshals and banks men when cranes, excavators or tipper lorries mayapproach

Restriction on use of metal ladders and scaffold tubes37.Outline the practical measures to

reduce the risk of injury from electricity when using a portable electrical appliance on a

construction site.

Ensuring suitable equipment is used



Reduced voltage supply

Use of RCD’s

Double insulated tools

Battery operated tools

Suitable connections

Pre-use visual check on the plug, the lead and the drill

Equipment tested frequently

Avoid using in we conditions.

38.Explain using a suitable sketch, the significance of a ‘fire triangle’

39. Identify four methods of heat transfer and explain how each can cause the spread of fire

Methods of heat transfer include:

Conduction:

Where heat is transferred through a conducting material (e.g., metal), without the conductor itself is

burning.

Convection:

As the hot air and gases rise from the fire, cooler air is drawn in which, in turn, his heated and rises.

The continuous process of air being drawn in and heated, then rising, cooling and descending, forms

circulating currents which enable the fire to spread.

Radiation:

Heat energy from the fire, in the form of infrared radiation, is transmitted through the air and may

be absorbed by other fuel sources causing them to heat up, possibly enough to cause ignition.

Direct burning:

Combustible materials in direct contact with naked flame.

40.Outline measures that should be taken to minimize the risk of fire from electrical equipment

.Measures such as the proper selection of equipment to ensure its suitability for the task, pre-use

inspection by the use, establishing correct fuse ratings, ensuring circuits and sockets are not

overloaded, disconnecting or isolating the equipment when it is not in use, and ensuring that electric

motors do not overheat (e.g. by checking that vents are uncovered). Additional measures include the

need to uncoil cables (particularly extension leads) to prevent the buildup of heat and protecting

cables from mechanical damage. Importantly, electrical equipment and systems should be subject to

regular inspection, testing and maintenance by competent persons. This should ensure, for instance,

that contacts are sound, thereby reducing the likelihood of electrical arcing.

41. Explain why water should not be used on fires involving electrical equipment

Using water on an electrical fire can lead to electric shock since water is a good conductor of

electricity. Carbon dioxide and dry powder were correctly identified as suitable extinguishing agents

where electrical equipment is involved but references talon were discounted due to the fact that its

use has been banned.

42. List eight ways of reducing the risk of a fire starting in a workplace.

1. The control of smoking and smoking materials

2. HEAT (Ignition)

3. OXYGEN

5. Good housekeeping to prevent the accumulation of waste paper and other combustible

materials

6. Regular lubrication of machinery.

7. Frequent inspection of electrical equipment for damage



8. Ensuring ventilation outlets on equipment are not obstructed

9. Controlling hot work

10. The provision of proper storage facilities for flammable liquids

11. Segregation of incompatible chemicals.

43.List the five steps in doing an assessment on fire risks Step

1 – Identify the fire hazards

Identify sources of ignition

Identify sources of fuel

Identify sources of oxygen

Step 2 – Identify people at risk

Consider people in the premises

How could fire, heat or smoke spread to areas that people occupy?

Who and where are the people that may be at risk?

Identify people who are specially at risk

How will people be warned of fire and could people by trapped by fire?

Step 3 – Evaluate, remove or reduce and protect from risk

Risk reduction by prevention

Risk reduction by protection

Step 4 –Record, Plan, Inform, Instructed train

Step- 5 Review and Monitor

44.A factory uses small quantities of various toxic chemicals which re obtained from& returned to

a central storeroom.

A) Identify four possible routes of entry of toxic substances into the body & in each case, describe

a circumstance in which the storeroom staff might be at risk of such exposure

.b) Outline the factors to consider when assessing the health risk to storeroom staff from handling

the chemicals.

C) Outline the control measures that might be required in order to minimize therisk to the health

of those working in the store room.

a) The possible routes of entry of toxic substances into the body refers to inhalation, ingestion,

absorption & injection

The operations in which the storeroom staff would typically be engaged & related possible

routes of entry to these are

Inhalation in relation to spillage & the build up of vapors.

Ingestion due to poor personal hygiene practices

Absorption through the skin as result of inadequate personal protective equipment or

uncovered wounds.

Injection from the use of damaged, broken or unsuitable containers for handling the toxic

substances.

b) The factors to consider when assessing the health risks to storeroom staff from handling the

chemicals are:

Degree of toxicity of the substance used.

The methods of work adopted (which may determine the routes of entry)

The possible duration & frequency of exposures.

An assessment of the effectiveness of existing control measures’



C)

Specific control measures include:

The use of suitable containers for the chemical & the methods for handling them.

The provision of ventilation & appropriate personal protective equipment.

Procedures for dealing with spillage.

The introduction of site rules to ensure personal hygiene

The provision of information & training to the staff involved.

45. Identify possible routes of entry of biological organism into the body

Inhalation, Injection Entry through broken skin Exchange of body fluids and ingestion

46.Outline control measures that could be used to rescue the risk of infection from biological

organisms.

Cleaning and disinfecting Personal protective equipment engineering controls Vermin control Good

personal hygiene. Immunization

47.A worker is engaged in general cleaning a large veterinary practice.

a) Identify four specific types of hazards that the cleaner might face when undertaking the

cleaning.

b) Outline the precautions that could be taken to minimize the risk of harm from these hazards.

a) Four specific types of hazards are

Cleaning fluids

Manual handling

Slips / Trips / Falls

Sharp objects

Biological hazards

Contact with animals

Dangers associated with using specialized equipment for cleaning

b) The provision and use of personal protective equipment (including overalls and gloves)

The introduction of a procedure for the handling and disposal of sharp objects

The need for animals to be kept in secure enclosures.

The possible need for immunization against diseases know to be transmitted byanimals

Specific training for the worker with related to the job to be done.

48. A company produces a range of solid and liquid wastes, both hazardous and non-hazardous.

Outline the arrangements that should be in place to ensure the safe storage of the wastes prior to

their collection and disposal

The completion of risk assessments that address the nature, properties andquantities of the wastes

likely to be stored.

Minimizing the quantities stored by organizing regular collections.

Ensuring the separation of incompatible wastes.

Providing appropriate means for containing the wastes in secure storagefacilities.

Installing and maintaining fire protection and fire-fighting systems in the caseof flammable

or combustible wastes.

Installing bunds and drawing up procedures to deal with spillages that might present

environmental risks.

Providing safe means of transport and access to the storage sites.



Ensuring that wastes are accurately identified and that warning signs are in place where

appropriate.

Training employees in the precautions to be taken

Ensuring that they are provided with, and use, appropriate personnel protective equipment,

such as gloves, overall and eye protection.

49. For each of the following agents, outline the principle health and safety effects and identify a

typical workplace situation in which a person might be exposed

a) Isocyanides

b) Asbestos

c) Lepto spira bacteria

d) Lead

Isocyanides are a respiratory sensitizer and may also cause dermatitis. Persons carrying out work

involving the use of insocynates based printing inks, adhesive or paints would be at-risk Exposure to

asbestos may cause asbestosis, lung cancer or mesothelioma. Carrying out maintenance work on, or

the demolition of, a building where asbestos is contained in the fabric of the structure could lead to

the inhalation of airborne fibres.An infection caused by exposure to the leptospira bacterium is

called leptospirosis, with symptoms that resemble influenza. The health effects of exposure to lead

are many and varied but principally include anemia, fertility problems, damage to kidneys etc.

50. Outline the precautions to ensure the health & safety of persons engaged in spray-painting

activities in a motor vehicle repair shop.

Segregation of the activity, typically by means of a spray booth fitted with localexhaust ventilation &

protected electrical equipment.

Suitable storage & fire precautions for flammable paints & solvents.

The provision & use of personal protective equipment (clothing, respiratory protection etc)

Monitoring employee’s exposure to airborne substances.

Ensuring the examination & maintenance of control measures.

Providing appropriate training to employees.

Maintaining welfare & hygiene facilities.

51.Outline the factors that may indicate a need for health surveillance of employeesin the

workplace

Poor ill-health & absence records

Increase in first – aid treatments

Complaints from employees

The findings of risk assessments

The results of inspections or monitoring & activities

Changes in methods of work

The relevant requirements of current legislation & approved codes of practice.

52.An office building is about to be occupied by new owners.

a) Outline the factors that should be considered by the new owners when assessing the suitability

of lighting within the building.

b) Describe the FOUR effects on health & safety that might result from inadequate lighting

c) Outline the welfare facilities that should be provided in the building

a) Factors Such as The tasks to be undertaken & the equipment to be used.

The availability of natural light



The adequacy of the existing lighting levels including that provided for specificareas such as

stairs & corridors

Significant contrasts in lighting levels between different areas.

The layout of the office, including the position of screen dividers in relation to overhead

lighting & other areas that may be in shadow

The appropriateness & condition of the particular type of artificial lighting installed (eg.

Fluorescent & spot lighting)

Possible glare created on computer screens lighting is another issue that should have been

considered.

b) The possible health effects on health & safety from inadequate lighting

Eye strain

Headaches & increased levels of stress

Trips & falls

The possibility of errors in performing tasks that might put others at risk

c) Welfare facilities that should be provided include

An adequate number of well ventilated & lit sanitary conveniences in relation to the

numbers of male & female employees.

Washing facilities with hot & cold running water & means of drying

A suitable source of drinking water (clearly marked where appropriate)

Facilities for taking rest & refreshments away from working areas.

Accommodation for clothing not worn during working hours

First-aid facilities

Rest facilities for pregnant woman & nursing mothers

Protection for non-smokers from the effects of smoke

Prayer facilities.

53. Outline the main precautions to be taken to ensure the safe transport of hazardous by road

Load

Nature of load – information

Suitable containers / able to withstand the transportation

Clear labeling

Emergency contact points

Vehicle:

Properly designed / constructed for the load

Maintain in an efficient state

Marked with the approved signs / symbols

Carry emergency equipment

Driver:

Driver trained and competent for class of material

Safe system for loading / unloading

Emergency arrangements

Trained and competent for class of vehicle

54. Outline the particular hazards that might be encountered by staff working in busy hotel

kitchen

Electrical & mechanical hazards associated with machinery such as food mixers& processors



Hot surfaces

Sharp implements

Wet of obstructed floors increasing the risk of slips, trips & falls

Boiling water & hot cooking oils causing burns

Manual handling hazards

Health hazards (e.g foodstuffs causing allergic reactions); & cleaning materialsthat may be

corrosive.

Hot, busy environment of a commercial kitchen.

55. Identify the possible indications of a dust problem in the workplace

Visible signs of dust (in the air or deposited on surfaces or clothes)

Complaints of discomfort by employees

Impaired health linked to exposure (possibly detected by health or medical surveillance)

The results of workplace monitoring

Problems associated with plant & equipment such as blocked filters.

56. Describe how the body may defend itself against the harmful effects of airborne dust

Coughing & sneezing

Filtering effect of nasal hairs

Mucus in the respiratory tract & bronchi

Eyes watering

Blinking

57. Identify four possible health effects from exposure to flammable solvents

1. Dermatitis, Headaches

2. Drowsiness through to unconsciousness & death

3. Irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes & respiratory tract.

4. Absorption into the body may lead to kidney or liver damage.

58. Outline the safety precautions that should be taken when using flammable solvents

The removal of potential sources of ignition from the site of the operation

The provision of adequate ventilation

Limiting the quantity of solvent in use at any one time

Clear marking of containers

Ensuring that suitable fire-fighting equipment is in place

The provision of personal protective equipment such as gloves, eye respiratory protection

Ensuring that operatives are informed of, & trained in, the procedures for the safe use of

solvents, especially those concerned with the cleaning of brushes &disposal of rags.

59.An essential ingredient for a process is delivered in powdered form and poured by hand from

bags in to a mixing vessel. Outline the control measure that might be considered in this situation

in order to reduce employee exposure to the substance

Elimination (e.g. by introducing pre-formed components or outsourcing the dusty operation)

Substitution (e.g. of powder by granules , liquid or paste)

Isolation of the process in a separate room.

Enclosure (in a glove box, for instance)

The provision of LEV

Suppression by damping down & carrying out cleaning operations byvacuuming rather than

sweeping



Supply of respirator and eye protection

Limit time of exposure

Carryout measurement of dust level.

60Outline the requirement to ensure the safe evacuation of persons from a building in the event

of a fire.

The means of raising the alarm

An acceptable distance to the nearest available exit.

Escape routes of sufficient width

Clear signing of escape routes

The provision of emergency lighting

Escape routes kept clear of obstructions with the fire door closed to prevent the spread of

smoke.

The provision of fire-fighting equipment

The appointment of fire marshals

Procedures for the evacuation of those with a physical impairment

The need to practice the evacuation plant at regular intervals.

61. Outline the reasons for undertaking regular fire drills in the workplace

As a legal requirement

To evaluate the current scenario of emergency response in case of a fire

For checking whether the alarm can be heard in all parts of the building

Familiarizing employees with the alarms, evacuation procedures, escape routes& assembly

points so that, in case of a real emergency, they would know the actions to be taken.

Providing an opportunity for fire wardens & others with specific functions to practice their

designated roles.

62. Identify four health effects that may be caused in working in the hot conditions

Heat stress

Heat cataracts

Dehydration

Exhaustion

Respiratory distress.

63. Outline the control measures that can be taken in order to minimize the health effects of

working in hot environments

The gradual acclimatization of new personnel to the environment

The provision & consumption of adequate amounts of fluid

The provision of regular breaks away from the work

Ensuring adequate ventilation; the provision of screens to protect against radiant heat.

The wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment

64.Identify 3 forms of biological agents

1. Fungi: are a variety of organisms that act in a parasitic manner

2. Bacteria: are single cell organisms.

3. Viruses: are the smallest known type of infectious agent.

65.Define the ergonomics?

The study of the relationship between human begins the equipment with which they work and the

physical environment in which this worker-machine system operates.



66. Outline the factors of the physical environment that may cause a person for feel stressed at

work

Cramped conditions

Dirty or untidy working conditions

Workplace layout resulting in a lack of privacy or security

Poor lighting

Problems with glare

Extremes of temperature and or humidity

Inadequate ventilation resulting in stale air

Exposure to noise & vibration

Inadequate welfare facilities

Those working outside, inclement weather conditions.

67. Outline the factors that may lead to unacceptable levels of occupational stress amongst

worker

Shift work

Unsociable hours

Excessive overtime

Job insecurity

Fear or redundancy

Repetitive monotonous work

Lack of adequate breaks

Lack of control over the job

Work load too high or too low

Harassment, bullying, fear of violence, poor communication

Personal and social factors e.g. financial, illness, family.

68. In relation to ill-health effects from the use of vibrating hand held tools identify the typical

symptoms that might be shown by affected individuals

Acute: Tingling in the hands and extremities

Chronic: Numbness and balancing of the fingers

Swollen painful joints

Reduction in manual dexterity

Reduction in the sensation of touch.

69. Outline the control measures that may be used to minimize the risk of healtheffects caused by

using the vibrating hand held tools

Alter the work process

Select low vibration equipment

Reduce the grip and push forces

Reduce the time of exposure

Health surveillance / health promotion

Warm weather proof clothing

Gloves, heating pads

Information and training.



70. For each of the following types of non-ionizing radiation, identify a source an state the possible

ill-health effects on exposed individuals

a) Infrared radiation

b) Ultraviolet radiation Typical sources are:

a) Infrared Radiation – Fire or furnaces

b) UV light – welding operations

Health effects caused are:

a) Burns to skin and eye damage b) Effects of the sun

71. Identify the general methods for protecting people against exposure to non-ionizing radiation

Shielding

Increasing the distance between source and person

Reducing the duration of exposure

Appropriate personal protective equipment

The use of barrier cream.

72. Explain the following terms in relation to noise exposure at work

a) Noise-induced hearing loss

b) Tinnitus

Noise induced hearing loss is normally caused by prolonged exposure to high noiselevels causing

damage to the hair cells and leading to a permanent threshold shift at particular frequencies, which

worsens with continued exposure both in terms of theextent of the threshold shift and of the

frequencies affected.

Tinnitus on the other hand is typified by a ringing or similar sound in the ears caused by over-

stimulation of the hair cells. It can be acuter or chronic, permanent or intermittent.

73. Identify four limitations of personnel hearing protection as a means of protecting against the

effects of noise

Poor fit

Resistance to use

Comfort factors

Incompatibility with other protective equipment

Costly in terms of replacement and maintenance

Interference with communication

Hygiene with communication

The need for constant supervision and attention.

74. Outline the specific causational factors that may have contributed to work relatedupper limb

disorders

Repetitive finger, hand or arm movements

Twisting movements

Squeezing

Hammering

Pushing, pulling or reaching movements.

75. Outline the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of work related upper limb disorders

Reduce frequency of operation

Reduce duration of operation

Provide rest or recovery



Improve posture

Ensure adequate space

Improve environment

Mechanize task

Use correct tools and equipment

Suitable training.

76. Outline four types of engineering control that may be used to reduce noise in the workplace

giving an example of each

Source:

Eliminating or reducing noise at the design stage e.g. nylon bearings instead of metal.

Silencing:

An attachment is fitted to the exhaust of a machine the baffles reduce the noise.

Damping:

Reduction in structure born noise by use of rubber/cork, springs etc in noise path e.g.

panels, motors etc or by reducing vibration.

Isolation:

Protection of persons from noise source by distance or sound proofed rooms.

Lagging:

On pipes carrying steam or hot mud’s insulation of pipes to reduce sound transmission.

Absorption:

Absorbing sound in the work area by means of acoustic absorbent panelson walls or ceilings

Enclosure:

Placing a sound-proof cover over the noise source.

77. Outline the main factors to be considered when doing and ergonomic assessment of a DSE

workstation

Equipment

Environment

Task

Individual

Repetition

Working posture of fingers, hands and wrists

Working posture of shoulders and arms

Psychosocial factors such as: pace work, unplanned overtime/ shift work, little control over

own work, stressful, deadlines, lack of training.

78. Identify the features of a chair to ensure it is suitable for use at a DSE workstation

The chair is suitable

The chair is stable

The chair is adjusted correctly

The user is aware if how to adjust the chair

There is proper backrest

Seat back height & tilt adjustment

Seat height adjustment

Swivel mechanism

Castors or glides



Are forearms horizontal when suing the keyboard

Are feet on the floor, without too much pressure from the seat on legs.

79. Outline the main precautions to be taken when carrying out excavation works

Support of slides (shoring, benching etc)

Detection of services (from plans, use of cable / pipe detectors etc)

Storage of materials, equipment & spoil away from edge.

Means of preventing vehicles falling into the excavation or causing collapse

Means of preventing people falling into the trenches

Means of preventing collapse of adjacent structures

Safe means of access & egress

Testing for, & ventilation of, noxious fumes

Means of pumping out water

Procedures for working with mechanical plant & general issues such as inspection, training,

supervision & the use of PPE.

80.List EIGHT safe practices to be followed when using a skip for the collection &removal of waste

from a construction site

Ensure the integrity of the skip

Locating the skip in firm, level ground away from excavations

Ensuring clear accesses for filling & for removing from site by vehicles

Filling by chute or by mechanical means unless items are to be placed in theskip in hand

Introducing controls to prevent overfilling

The tipping of incomplete wastes

Netting or sheeting when the skip is full

The fire hazards created by the skips &

The probable need to site away from buildings & to protect against arson.

All construction waste is controlled waste & must be carried by a licensedwaste carrier,

under a waste transfer note system, to a disposal site capable of accepting the waste.

81. Outline the main dangers associated with excavation work on construction sites

Who might be harmed by a collapse of the excavation?

Contact with buried services

Ingress of water

Build-up of fumes or being struck by falling materials

Dangers associated with the excavation machinery

The effect on adjacent structures

The possibility of vehicles of people falling into unprotected excavations

Contact with buried materials that can be hazardous to health.

82. Outline EIGHT precautions that may take to ensure the safety of children who might be

tempted to gain unauthorized access to a construction site

Fencing hoarding sings security

Covering or fencing excavations

Removing ladders

Immobilizing plant / machinery

Locking away chemicals / tools



Reducing height of materials

Isolating services

Clearing away rubbish and debris

83. What are the hazards connected with construction activities

Falls from heights

Fragile roofs

Falling objects

Slips, trips

Excavations

Demolition

Explosives

Working in or over water

Working in tunnels vehicles

Traffic movements

Plant and equipment

Doors and gates

Lighting

Weather

Fire

Material storage

84. Outline the precautions to be taken when carrying out repairs to the flat roof of abuilding

Carry out survey

Safe means of access

Roof edge barriers

Roof ladders / crawling boards

Identifying and covering roof lights

Facilities to raise and lower materials

Protection of person below

Provision of person below

Provision of harness

No work in severe weather

Competent worker.

85. What are the main hazards connected with the use of ladders at work

Over-reaching form ladder

Unsecured / unstable ladder

Ladder not extended above step off point

Using a damaged / worn ladder

Metal ladder contact with electrical cables

Falling material being carried up ladder

Vehicle collision with base of ladder

Manual handling – carrying and erecting



86. Explain how hazards connected with the use of ladders can be avoided

Properly secured before use.

Fixed at the top, or base, or footed

Unable to run sideways or slide away from the wall

Top rested against a solid surface

Never supported by rungs

Landings required ever 9m vertical run

Tools and materials in holster or bag

One person at a time

Work facing the ladder with one hand holding the ladder

87. Outline the precautions to be taken using step ladder

Ladder should be suitable for the job

No work carried off top step

Worker maintains three point contact

Step ladder in good condition

Properly created and legs fully extended

Positioned on even ground

Close to work to avoid overreaching

Not overloaded

Footed if necessary.

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