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If protein synthesis were attempted experimentally under in vitro conditions (in a test tube) using ribosomes from bacteria, tRNAs from frog eggs, mRNA from rat muscle cells, and amino acids from fruit flies, what products would result?
A. A mixture of proteins from bacteria, frog eggs, rat muscle, and fruit flies in a random proportion.
B. bacterial proteins only C. frog egg proteins onlyD. rat muscle proteins onlyE. fruit fly proteins onlyF. none; no protein synthesis would occur
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Professor’s Job: Provide Answers
Student’s Job: Remember Answers
Biology 360 Cell Biology
• Large enrollment• Required for majors• Reduced coverage• Analytical emphasis
Less is More
Content
Thinking Skills
Content
Data Analysis Problem
A cell line commonly used for studies of adenylyl cyclase is the S49 lymphoma cell. Genetic variants of the cell exist with mutations of certain components of the system. The wild type form of the cell has receptors for the hormones epinephrine and somatostatin. The following graphs illustrate measurements made with membranes from a sample of a certain variant of S49 lymphoma cells. The data in the left graph represent wild type cells incubated with only GTP (“con”), epinephrine and GTP (“epi”) or with one hour prior treatment with cholera toxin, GTP and NAD+ (“CT”). At time zero on the graph, radioactive ATP was added to start the assay. The center graph is a repeat of the same experiment with the variant cell. The third graph displays the binding of radioactive epinephrine to wild type (solid squares) and variant cells (triangles).
Based on these data what mutation(s) is/are possible in the variant cells?
Wild Type
0 5 10 15 200
250
500
750
1000
CT
epi
con
Minutes
cAM
P (
pm
ol/
mg
pro
tein
)
Variant
0 5 10 15 20
CT
epi
Minutes
Binding
0 100 200 3000
500
1000
[Epinephrine](nM)
Rec
epto
rs B
ou
nd
/10
6
cells
A cell line commonly used for studies of adenylyl cyclase is the S49 lymphoma cell. Genetic variants of the cell exist with mutations of certain components of the system. The wild type form of the cell has receptors for the hormones epinephrine and somatostatin. The following graphs illustrate measurements made with membranes from a sample of a certain variant of S49 lymphoma cells. The data in the left graph represent wild type cells incubated with only GTP (“con”), epinephrine and GTP (“epi”) or with one hour prior treatment with cholera toxin, GTP and NAD+ (“CT”). At time zero on the graph, radioactive ATP was added to start the assay. The center graph is a repeat of the same experiment with the variant cell. The third graph displays the binding of radioactive epinephrine to wild type (solid squares) and variant cells (triangles).
Based on these data what mutation(s) is/are possible in the variant cells?
Wild Type
0 5 10 15 200
250
500
750
1000
CT
epi
con
Minutes
cAM
P (
pm
ol/
mg
pro
tein
)
Variant
0 5 10 15 20
CT
epi
Minutes
Binding
0 100 200 3000
500
1000
[Epinephrine](nM)
Rec
epto
rs B
ou
nd
/10
6
cells
a. a mutated β-adrenergic receptor that cannot communicate with Gsb. no β -adrenergic receptorc. a β -adrenergic receptor with reduced affinity for epinephrined a mutated Gs that does not communicate with the receptore. a mutated Gs that does not communicate with adenylate cyclasef. a mutated Gs that does not hydrolyze GTPg. a mutated Gs that does not bind GTPh. no Gsi. a mutated Gi that does not hydrolyze GTPj. no Gi
Multiple Choice Version
Data Analysis Problem
State in one sentence each of the conclusions justified by the data.
Constructed Response
A cell line commonly used for studies of adenylyl cyclase is the S49 lymphoma cell. Genetic variants of the cell exist with mutations of certain components of the system. The wild type form of the cell has receptors for the hormones epinephrine and somatostatin. The following graphs illustrate measurements made with membranes from a sample of a certain variant of S49 lymphoma cells. The data in the left graph represent wild type cells incubated with only GTP (“con”), epinephrine and GTP (“epi”) or with one hour prior treatment with cholera toxin, GTP and NAD+ (“CT”). At time zero on the graph, radioactive ATP was added to start the assay. The center graph is a repeat of the same experiment with the variant cell. The third graph displays the binding of radioactive epinephrine to wild type (solid squares) and variant cells (triangles).
Based on these data what mutation(s) is/are possible in the variant cells?
Data Analysis ProblemWild Type
0 5 10 15 200
250
500
750
1000
CT
epi
con
Minutes
cAM
P (
pm
ol/
mg
pro
tein
)
Variant
0 5 10 15 20
CT
epi
Minutes
Binding
0 100 200 3000
500
1000
[Epinephrine](nM)
Rec
epto
rs B
ou
nd
/10
6
cells
Performance Data Pre and Post Test
Pretest Posttest
Problem Mean Raw Score % Mean Raw Score %
Promoter 2.1±1.9 (17.5) 7.3±3.1 (60.8)
Secretion 3.5±2.1 (43.8) 6.0±1.8 (75.0)
Chromatin 1.2±0.1 (24.0) 3.1±1.6 (62.0)
Total 6.8±3.6 (27.2) 16.3±5.2 (65.2)
Performance Data Chromatin Problem
Self Efficacy: Table
Problem Pretest Posttest
MeanDifference
1. Scatterplot 6.4 ±1.45 7.7 ± 1.30 1.3*
2. Electropherogram 5.4 ± 1.48 7.2 ± 1.38 1.8*
3. Text Fig. 1 4.3 ± 1.55 7.0 ± 1.45 2.7*
4. Table 1 5.1 ± 1.48 6.8 ± 1.41 1.7*
5. Text Excerpt 6.3 ± 1.52 7.7 ± 1.41 1.4*
6. Article 1 5.4 ± 1.48 7.4 ± 1.34 2.0*
7. Article 2 6.3 ± 1.41 7.5 ± 1.30 1.2*
8. Histogram 5.4 ± 1.48 6.2 ± 1.41 0.8
9. Text Fig. 2 6.1 ± 1.61 8.9 ± 1.18 2.8*
10. Table 2 5.8 ± 1.48 7.1 ± 1.30 1.3*
Average 5.7 ± 1.49 7.4 ± 1.35 1.7*
Self Efficacy: Research Data
Self Efficacy: Text Figure
Self Efficacy: Published Paper
Attitudes Survey Complete List
Attitudes Survey Results
Recall Analytical
40
50
60
70
Post
Pre
Academic Perspective: YES!
Personal Perspective: Probably Not!
Student Mobility Profile (SMP)
A measure of learning how to learn
First Exam Last Exam
Student Mobility Profile
Calculate Z-scores from Exam 1 and Exam 2
Z score = Individual Raw Score – Class Mean = number of S.D. from meanStandard Deviation
Z2 – Z1= ΔZ
Student Mobility Profile
0 >1 >2 >3<-1 <-2 <-3
ΔZ
% of class
Graph as the percentage of the class that has an increment (or decrement) of Z-score ≥ various values along the x-axis
improvedecline
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Percentage of Class
Case 1
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Case 3
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Change in Z-score
Case 2
Student Mobility Profile
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Change in Z-score
Read and Highlight the Text
Take Notes in Class
Cram for the Exam
Case of Symmetry
Average amount they improved
equals
Average amount they declined
Routine Learning Behaviors
Case of Asymmetry Learned How to Learn Better
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Case 2
Change in Z-score
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Case 2
Change in Z-score
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Change in Z-score
Case 2
<-3 <-2 <-1 0 >1 >2 >3
Case 2
Change in Z-score
• Content—Foundational facts, concepts, theories• Skill—Think like practitioners in the field• Epistemology—Improved scholastic behavior
Course Objectives
“I” Professor “Them” Students
• Read• Hear• See• Talk• Draw• Write• Teach
What Can a Student Do?
Active Learning Draw
• Read• Hear• See• Talk• Draw• Write• Teach
Active Learning
Arrange these words (or a form of them) in a logical sequence. Add words as needed. Create a meaningful sentence that captures the essence of transcriptional regulation in a eukaryotic cell.
transcription initiate
RNA polymerase enhancer
transactivator recruit
basic complex promoter
Control of the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes is achieved when a transactivator binds to an enhancer element in DNA, which helps to recruit the basic complex (including RNA polymerase) to a promoter.
Write
• Read• Hear• See• Talk• Draw• Write• Teach
Active Learning Reconstruct
Complete Signaling Sequence
Random Order
What is the correct signaling sequence?
Active Classroom
“Clone Myself as a Teacher”
EQ Session How does the receptor activate Gs?
EQ Session Why does the activity go down?
EQ SessionWhat’s the result of phosphorylating that tyrosine?
In-Class Formative Assessment
• Simulate test conditions• Critique good and poor responses• Feedback• Identify misconceptions• Formulate future action plans
“Classroom As Laboratory”
Supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education (P116B041238), Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education
Poster # B556, Today 1:30 – 3:00Jen Nelson, Student Mobility ProfileWe would like to perform the SMP analysis for anyone who is interested. This can be easily done using existing data from past courses.