Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure

Network of membranous channels Rough ER - studded with ribosomes Smooth ER - no ribosomes

Ribosomes

Rough ER: Function

•Processes and sorts proteins to be secreted out of cell

•Sends proteins in vesicles that pinch off from the membrane

Smooth ER: Structure

No ribosomes attached

Golgi Apparatus

Smooth ER: Function

•Makes lipids and carbos

•Detoxifies poisons•Stores and releases Ca+2 ions

•Removes phosphate group from glucose so can leave cell

Golgi Apparatus (Bodies): Structure

Flattened stack of membranes (not continuous)

Golgi Apparatus: Function

• Modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins from ER

• Forms transport vesicles

Show Campbell Ch 07 Endomembrane System & Lysosome Formation

Lysosomes: Structure

• Are vesicles filled with digestive enzymes

Show Lysosome Animation

Lysosomes: Function

5-week old fetus

• Digest damaged or worn out organelles

• Digest entire cells

Lysosomes

Lysosomes: Function

Digest pathogens and molecules

Peroxisomes: Structure

Kidney epithelial cells Green = peroxisomes; Red = nucleus

Peroxisomes: Function

•Oxidize fatty acids and amino acids•Neutralize toxic compounds made when oxidizing fatty acids and amino acids

Mitochondria: Structure

Mitochondria: Function

Nucleus: Structure

Nuclear Envelope

Nucleoplasm

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Nuclear Pore

Nucleus: Chromatin

• DNA exists as strands of chromatin, except during cell division

Nucleus: Function

Figure 02.02tao

Cytoskeleton: Structure and Function

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Microfilaments

Microvilli

Microvilli: Structure and Function

Centrosome and Centrioles

Centrosomes/Centrioles

Centrosome

Centrosome

Centrioles

Cilia: Structure

Figure 02.02tal

Cilia: Function

Flagella: Structure

Figure 02.02tam

Flagella: Function

Normal sperm at bottom and abnormal sperm at top

Ribosomes: Structure and Function

Cell Organelles Video