Real Time Monitoring Critical Parameters in Tissue Culture Growth Room with SMS Alert System

Noor Hafizah Abdul Aziz,

Wan Norsyafizan W. Muhamad,

Norfishah Abdul Wahab ** (see below)

Ahmad Jais Alias Consultation and Training

Centre (PPLI) Institut Kefahaman Islam

Malaysia (IKIM) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ahmadjais@ikim.gov.my

Ahmad Tarmizi Hashim Advanced Biotechnology

and Breeding Centre Malaysian Palm Oil Board

(MPOB) Kajang, Malaysia

mizi@mpob.gov.my

Rozita Mustafa

College Of Eng’g, Electronics & Comm’n

Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)

Kajang, Malaysia Rozita.Mustafa@uniten.

edu.my ** Centre of Electronic Communication Engineering Studies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi

MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia, noor4083@salam.uitm.edu.my, fishahahu@yahoo.com.my, wnsyafizan@yahoo.com

Abstract — Real-time monitoring critical parameter is enhanced with email and short messaging system (SMS) for alert system. This system consists of four subsystems which include data acquisition, website monitoring, email protocol and SMS system. The aim of the integrated system is to remotely monitor critical parameter in tissue culture growth room. Research has shown that factors such as temperature, humidity, liquid, phase and gas compositions are critical in producing quality clonal materials using tissue culture process. Consequently, sensors are required to monitor and record the data in growth room. All sensors will monitor critical parameters that will be linked to the database and analysis software for storing and analyzing the monitored data. For the purpose of remotely monitor critical parameter, website and SMS enquiry are developed. The system would monitor via telemetry system and provide automatically email or short message (SMS) notifications upon identification of a disturbance module.

Keywords- telemetry system; short messaging system; email; sensors; tissue culture.

I. INTRODUCTION The tissue culture growth room in Malaysian Palm Oil

Board (MPOB) provides the oil palm industry with innovations for the production of improved planting materials and information on the molecular biology of tissue culture processes. Generation of knowledge through basic research and application of molecular biology tools for product development of efficient in-vitro protocols for clonal propagation are some of the activities undertaken in the tissue culture laboratory.

Research has shown that factors or critical parameters such as temperature, humidity, liquid, phase and gas compositions are critical in producing quality clonal materials using tissue culture process. Therefore, it is necessary to provide good physical and chemical conditions for production of quality products. Under physical condition, factors such as temperature, humidity and gases

should be set at certain standard for development of good cultures [1]. However the monitoring system to detect changes of temperature and humidity is not too efficient. Normally, the recording is done manually and this reduces the efficiency and reliability of the process [2]. There is also lack of gas sensor in the tissue culture laboratory to monitor and record the gas composition in growth room and specifically in the tissue culture vessels.

The advantage of monitoring system on tissue culture laboratory is to obtain and analyze the data on critical parameters that affect the growth of cultures. If any of the critical parameters is exceeded the normal range, the data will activate the telemetry system and send signal or notification to the authorized person. This system refers to the combination between telemetry using the alert system and data acquisition [3]. Subsequently, the data will be analyzed and controlled where the data result will appear on the computer screen for users monitoring.

This system commonly has been practiced on monitoring and controlling conditions such as room temperature, humidity of lab, lamp brightness, damp water level, electrical power distribution and so forth. The command will be given by the center to the controllers that fix the situation to the recommendation level and the environmental control parameters could be made with database control and comprehensive data logging features.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

A. Telemetry System Data recording on temperature, humidity, liquid, phase

and gas compositions in the tissue culture growth room is necessary for quality control and monitoring purposes. The system requires for a design and fabrication of a sensor circuit that will be attached to the central system. The design and construction of clusters and broad system of the circuit will be connected to the external system (internet protocol

2010 International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation

978-0-7695-3973-7/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/ISMS.2010.69

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2010 International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation

978-0-7695-3973-7/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/ISMS.2010.69

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and GSM network), which allows the control system to send signals to the authorized person if any critical parameters are out of normal range. The software for the monitoring system will be programmed, in such a way that the sensor will send data to the central system (computer database) to process and analyze it. Subsequently, telemetry system will be activated by sending notification signal as shows in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Flow chart of telemetry system

B. Components of Integrated Sensors Components for interface circuit of temperature and

humidity are temperature and humidity sensor, dual addressable switch with 1kbit memory, telephone cable, resistors, diodes and capacitances as shows in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Flow chart of temperature and humidity data acquisition and monitoring.

Components for gas sensor (oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene) are gas pump, CO2 analyzer, flow meter, ethylene sensor, interface software, O2 sensor and dry column as shows in Figure 3. The liquid phase and composition monitoring is using optical sensor system.

Figure 3: Flow chart of gaseous monitoring

C. Components of Real Time Communication Wireless communication is a new era of communication,

which has a rapid development. Through this wireless communication, the information can be conveyed accurately and effectively. The existence of wireless application protocol (WAP) has generated a communication expansion by attained the information without considering the time and location factor [4].

Figure 4 shows the flow of software development for monitoring critical parameters via website whereas alert system activates the email and SMS for parameter exceeded range.

Figure 4: Flow chart of software development

While figure 5 shows the algorithms of development and sending the SMS to the user in charge through Gammu component as soon as the system database detect the influence parameters go beyond the alert setting range.

Notification if parameters out of

range

SMS

Email

Interface

Liquid, Phase & Gas Compositions

Sensors Monitoring

Web-Based

Software development

Humidity and Temperature

Sensor

RS 232

Interface RS 232

Humidity & temperature sensor

Integrated Circuit Interface

Software programming

Measure humidity (%RH) and temperature surrounding (°C).

Receive command to control data from sensor to software.

Send a command for sensors to start measuring data and data willbe showed on the users screen.

Drying column O2

Sensor

Ethylene Sensor

CO2 Sensor

Chamber Gaseous monitoring

Pump

Sensors Interface

Data

Data

Computer Database

(programm-ing develop-

ment)

Hardware of humidity

and tempera-

ture sensor

Hardware of liquid,

phase & gas sensors

Web based (website

monitoring)

Email Alert

Short Message System

(SMS) Alert

340340

HTTP Response

Figure 5: Flow chart algorithm of alert message development.

D. GSM Communication Three systems could be accessed using GSM (Global

System for Mobile) communication with remote sensing are HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), SMS and Email. Users could access and set control data through computer and web server using HTTP as shows in Figure 6. SMS system will transfer signal for notification to user through GSM and SMS Gateway as shows in Figure 7. Notification email will send to user through internet and mail server as shows in Figure 8.

Figure 6: Communication via HTTP

Figure 7: Communication via SMS

Figure 8: Communication via Email

III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Data Acquisition In their natural environment, plants usually experience

temperatures which fluctuate widely, especially between day and night. The growth of many plant cultures is improved by these conditions and where growth rooms have to be heated there is a saving in fuel costs by reducing the night temperature. However, such variation is not essential and in many laboratories, tissue cultures are maintained in growth rooms at the same temperature by night and day [11].

Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual amount of moisture in the atmosphere to the amount of moisture the atmosphere can hold. Therefore, a relative humidity of 100% means the air can hold no more water (rain or dew is likely), and a relative humidity of 0% indicates there is no moisture in the atmosphere.

Equation (1) refers to specification data of relative humidity and temperature sensor.

rh=(temp-25)*(0.01+0.00008*rh)-4+0.0405*rh-

0.0000028*rh ^ 2 (1) In this experimental result, temperature and relative

humidity concentration in the tissue culture laboratory was monitored and indicated in Figure 9 and Table 1 below.

Yes

Yes

Response

HTTP Request

Internet Protocol

Web Server

Sensors Hardware System

Request

GSM Network

SMS Gateway

Sensors Hardware System

Parameters Alert System

SMS Notification

Internet Protocol

Mail Server

Sensors Hardware System

Parameters Alert System

Email Notification

No

No

Start

End

Read parameters

Send=’0’?

Check range of parameters

Parameters are out of range?

Message notification development

Send short message system (SMS)

Cyclic redundancy

check

End of command

loop

User’s address function

Alert Setting

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Figure 9: Display of humidity and temperature data within 1 minute.

TABLE I. DATA OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN GROWTH ROOM

Date Time Tempe-rature ( C)

Relative Humidity (%)

1/2/08 11:25:44 AM 27.8 50.4 1/2/08 11:25:45 AM 27.8 50.3 1/2/08 11:25:46 AM 27.7 50.1 1/2/08 11:25:47 AM 27.7 50.1 1/2/08 11:25:48 AM 27.7 50.0 1/2/08 11:25:49 AM 27.5 49.8 1/2/08 11:25:50 AM 27.8 50.0 1/2/08 11:25:51 AM 27.8 49.8 1/2/08 11:25:52 AM 27.8 49.7

It is well known that gaseous composition inside the tissue culture laboratory changes over time, generally showing a progressive increase in carbon dioxide level, a decrease in oxygen concentration, and an accumulation of ethylene. Figure 10 and Figure 11 indicated the level of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene concentrations in the laboratory. These data had been taken 120 samples per minute as shows in Table 2. Continuous real time monitoring of gaseous in the ambient environment is required to avoid contamination for clonal tissue culture of the oil palm.

Figure 10: The level of oxygen concentration in growth room.

Figure 11: The level of ethylene and carbon dioxide concentrations in

growth room.

TABLE II. THE LEVEL OF OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE AND ETHYLENE IN GROWTH ROOM

Time (T) Poten-

Tial (V) Oxygen (Conc)

Carbon Dioxide (Conc) Ethylene

(Min) (V) (%) (ppm) (ppm) 0.000 2.857 21.066 395.490 114.378 0.008 2.857 21.066 387.238 114.378 0.016 2.857 21.066 378.397 114.378 0.025 2.857 21.066 370.735 114.378 0.033 2.855 21.066 361.894 114.241 0.041 2.855 21.073 354.231 114.241 0.050 2.853 21.066 345.980 113.968 0.058 2.854 21.066 338.907 114.104 0.066 2.852 21.066 330.655 113.831

B. Real Time Monitoring The real time remote monitoring critical parameters of an

alert system were connected to a central host system which could be a large database (MySQL) storing informations of a commodity and sensors could enable real time monitoring of temperature, humidity, liquid, phase and gas compositions.

PHP command will construct all the parameters data to appear at the website of Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) for user monitoring as shows in Figure 12 and Figure 13. Figure 12 shows data of temperature at the environment of tissue culture laboratory within 27.0°C until 30.0°C whereas inside the vessel of tissue culture within 26.0°C until 27.0°C. Figure 13 shows data of humidity at the environment of tissue culture laboratory within 60%RH until 70%RH whereas inside the vessel of tissue culture within 80%RH until 97%RH.

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Message Continue

Figure 12: Display interface of real time temperature graph in the

MPOB website.

Figure 13: Display interface of real time humidity graph in the MPOB

website.

C. Alert System The PHP command, interface module and the GSM

module can be incorporated by linking the MySQL database with short messaging system and email facilities and this enables the users to be notified whenever critical parameters exceeded normal range. The system will automatically generate an alert which is send in the form of a short message system or email that typically details the real time data. Figure 14 shows an email alert system and Figure 15 shows SMS alert system for critical parameters exceed normal range.

Figure 14: Email alert system.

Figure 15: SMS alert system.

IV. CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring critical parameters focus on critical

parameters such as temperature, humidity, liquid, phase and gas compositions in tissue culture growth room. The sensors data are linked to MySQL database and analysis software via telemetry system that will be designed to store and analyze monitored data. The purpose of these telemetry system and integrated sensors for bio-laboratory system is to serve as an interface among user, the disturbance analysis program and an expert system to identify the disturbance. The system is designed to easy human life by sending short messaging system or email to notify the users about the disturbance. This is likely to be a fast growing and popular application for short messaging system and email towards the mankind.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The development of this prototype is supported by

Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

REFERENCES [1] George, E.F. 1993. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture Part 1 The

Technology (2nd Ed.), Exegetics Ltd.,Edington, Wilts, England. [2] Abdul Aziz, N.H. 2004. Rekabentuk Dan Pembangunan Sistem

Pemantauan Dan Penjejakan Data Kelembapan Di Dalam Makmal Kultur Tisu, B. Eng. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.

[3] Bradley, A. 2003. Flexible Solutions for Your Supervisory Control And Data Acquisitions Needs (SCADA System Selection Guide), Rockwell International Company.

[4] Lee,. S.P. 2003. Sistem Penghantaran Mel Elektronik Melalui SMS, B.Hons. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.

[5] Abdul Aziz, N.H. 2007. Pembangunan Sistem Telemetri bagi Pemantauan Suhu dan Kelembapan Persekitaran Kultur Tisu Kelapa Sawit, M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.

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