Identifying Source Reduction Opportunities and Engineering Trade-Offs

Identifying Source Reduction Opportunities and Engineering Trade-Offs

Kenneth R. StoneEngineering Trade-Offs Team Leader

Kenneth R. StoneEngineering Trade-Offs Team Leader

The Business of Mercury P2:The Business of Mercury P2:

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Hg P2 Research Needs

NRMRL Implementation Plan

Approaches and Tools

Schedule of Deliverables

Research NeedsResearch Needs

Assessment of Mercury Consumption Eliminate Uncertainties in Consumption Assess P2 Potential Prioritize Research Efforts

Collaboration with Industry LCA for Environmental Impacts ETO for Economic, Energy & Environmental

Costs and Benefits

Research ActivitiesResearch Activities

P2 Prioritization Assessment Partnerships Inventory Investigation Prioritization Support Verification

Pollution Prevention Tools...Pollution Prevention Tools...

Raw Materials

MaterialsManufacture

ProductManufacture

Product Use

FinalDisposition

Energy

Wastes

… typically draw a boundary around one process, one facility, or one stage in the life cycle. Impacts that ripple up- or down-stream from a change are not identified.

Life Cycle Tools…Life Cycle Tools…

Raw Materials

MaterialsManufacture

ProductManufacture

Product Use

FinalDisposition

… study the entire life cycle to identify the cross-media and cross-stage impacts from a change.

Energy

Wastes

Reuse

Product Recycling

Energy Energy Energy Energy

Wastes Wastes Wastes Wastes

Selecting the ApproachSelecting the Approach

Housekeeping

Refine Operations Management

Change Policy Change

Identify Hazards Inspection

Preparation Operator Safety

Change Perspective

Design Material Selection

DEM/VAL

Technical Solutions Product Change Process Change Process

Modification

Procurement

Disposition

PPOA for: Life Cycle for:

Economic & Environmental ToolsEconomic & Environmental Tools

Societal

Financial

Environmental

Technical

RawMaterial

MaterialProcessing

Manufacturing Use/ReuseMaint.

End of LifeMgt.

Benefit/Cost AnalysisBenefit/Cost Analysis

EnvironmentalAccounting Life Cycle

Mgt.

ActivityBased

Costing

PPOALife Cycle AssessmentLife Cycle Assessment

Support ApproachesSupport Approaches

Life Cycle Engineering Inventory, Impact, Interpretation

Engineering Trade-Offs Economics, Environment and Engineering

Environmental Input/Output Effect of a Decision on Other Segments

Life Cycle EngineeringLife Cycle Engineering

DecisionDecision

Environment

Cost

Performance

LCA

LCC

T&E

Does it save/make money?

Does it work better?

Does it have the smallest impact?

LCE MethodLCE Method

Target the Assessment- Establish the Function Provided- Name LCE Team Members- Develop Goals & Requirements- Propose Engineering Technologies & Options

Target the Assessment- Establish the Function Provided- Name LCE Team Members- Develop Goals & Requirements- Propose Engineering Technologies & Options

Preliminary Assessment- Define the Technology Life Cycles- Link Technologies and Options to Goals & Requirements

Preliminary Assessment- Define the Technology Life Cycles- Link Technologies and Options to Goals & Requirements

Detailed Assessment- Retarget the Assessment- Redefine the Technology Life Cycles- Reassess Goals & Requirements- Identify Key Technologies

Detailed Assessment- Retarget the Assessment- Redefine the Technology Life Cycles- Reassess Goals & Requirements- Identify Key Technologies

Specification DevelopmentSpecification Development

Preferred Engineering OptionsPreferred Engineering Options

OptionDefinition

SpecificationDevelopment

LCE Level of RigorLCE Level of Rigor

On-site Performance Evaluation of Equipment and Materials

Life Cycle Cost of Each Choice

Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts

LCE RangeLCE Range

Societal

Financial

Environmental

Technical

RawMaterial

MaterialProcessing

ManufacturingUse/ReuseMaint.

End of LifeMgt.

Life Cycle EngineeringLife Cycle Engineering

Engineering Trade-OffsEngineering Trade-Offs

EnvironmentEnvironment

PerformancePerformance

EconomicsEconomics

AcceptanceAcceptance

DDECISIONECISION

Does it work

better?

Does it

save/make

money?

Does it release

the least?

Does everyone

comprehend

and support

it?

AcceptanceAcceptance

Human Error Personal Limitations Poor Information, Training or Judgment Individual Technical Belief

The Impact of Human Error and Will:

Human Will Agreement/Support Disagreement/Passivity Resentment/Resistance Indifference/Independence

Information Collection

Identify Products/Processes/Activities/Users

Collect Data, Conduct Interviews & Follow-up

Information Collection

Identify Products/Processes/Activities/Users

Collect Data, Conduct Interviews & Follow-up

Assess Operations

Identify Environmental Risks and Calculate Costs

Evaluate Performance

Assess Operations

Identify Environmental Risks and Calculate Costs

Evaluate Performance

Determine Acceptance

Select Prospective Alternatives & Present

Evaluate Feasibility with Impacted Communities

Determine Acceptance

Select Prospective Alternatives & Present

Evaluate Feasibility with Impacted Communities

Implement Decision

Present Findings & Obtain Funding

Provide Orientation & Training

Implement Decision

Present Findings & Obtain Funding

Provide Orientation & Training

Validate Decision

Monitor Implementation & Confirm Performance

Re-evaluate for Human Error & Will

Validate Decision

Monitor Implementation & Confirm Performance

Re-evaluate for Human Error & Will

Define Objective& Measures of Success

Set Project Scope &BoundariesRevisit Objective & Project Scope During Assessment

Define Objective& Measures of Success

Set Project Scope &BoundariesRevisit Objective & Project Scope During Assessment

If findings offer new P2 opportunities ...

Then collect new data & re-assess

If implementation doesnot meet expectations ...

Then evaluate barriers& design solutions

ETO Method

ETO Method

Common Trade-Off DecisionsCommon Trade-Off Decisions

Buying a Car: Capacity, Power, Utility, Comfort, Color, Cost,

MPG, Emissions, Status, etc.

Purchasing a House: Location, Lot Layout, Structure, Condition,

Cost, Cosmetics, Amenities, School System,

Shopping, Congestion, Police & Fire Service,

Ethnicity, Social Status, Environment, etc.

Engineering Trade-OffsEngineering Trade-Offs

Small Business, Community or Facility-level

Support Informed Decision-making

Comparative Assessment

Releases-based, not Impacts-based

Quantify Gate-to-Gate Operations &

Releases

Qualify Releases Outside Gates

ETO RangeETO Range

Societal

Financial

Environmental

Technical

RawMateri

al

MaterialProcessing

Manufacturing

Use/ReuseMaint.

End of LifeMgt.

Engineering Trade-Offs

Engineering Trade-Offs

Quantitative

Qualitative

Qualitative

Economic Input/OutputEconomic Input/Output

Estimate Total Economic Impact of an

Activity P2PA Inventory – Mercury Use across the

Economy

Inform Scale & Boundaries of Support

Studies

Help Maintain Research Program Focus

Inform Verification Effort

Show How a Change would Ripple throughout

the Economy

DeliverablesDeliverables

P2 Compendium

P2 Baseline & Metrics Report

2 LCE Reports

4 ETO Reports

2 EIO Case Studies

Verification Report

Schedule of DeliverablesSchedule of Deliverables 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 P2PA Interpretation

9/15

P2 Compendium

9/15

P2 Baseline & Metrics

3/30

Life Cycle Assessments

9/15 9/15

Engineering Trade-Offs

6/30 6/30

Environmental I/Os

8/15 8/15

Verification Report

3/30

Contact:Contact:

Kenneth R. StoneETO Team Leader

NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY

26 W. Martin Luther King

Cincinnati OH 45268

513-569-7474

Kenneth R. StoneETO Team Leader

NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY

26 W. Martin Luther King

Cincinnati OH 45268

513-569-7474

stone.kenneth@epa.govstone.kenneth@epa.gov