Drive InterfaceIDE interface

Interface connectionInterface connection Power connectionPower connectionJumpersJumpers

An ESDI Drive Chain

Drive 1Drive 1

Drive 0Drive 0

20-pin data20-pin data

34-pin control34-pin control

ESDI controllerESDI controller

IDE Drive Controller Circuitry

SCSI Chain

HBAHBAInternal driveInternal drive

Externaltape driveExternal

tape drive

External CD-ROM drive

External CD-ROM drive

ST-506/ST-412ESDISCSI-ISCSI-IISCSI-III IDEEIDEUltra DMA

Interface Comparisons

A Video Card

Adapter Description

Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA)

MDA provides the minimum display configuration for IBM and IBM-compatible computers. This standard provides a text-only display.

Hercules Graphics Card (HGC)

HGC was able to produce high-resolution graphics (720x348), as well as text on monochrome monitors. It is also referred to as the Hercules Graphics Adapter (HGA).

Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)The first color graphics display configuration for IBM and IBM-compatible computers. This standard displays 16 colors in text and graphics mode.

Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)

Enables you to upgrade an adapter from MDA or CGA and use your old monochrome or RGB monitor. With the old monitors, EGA emulates CGA and MDA adapters and provides higher resolution.

Video Graphics Array (VGA)

Uses an analog signal rather than a digital signal to control the display monitor. Analog circuits lend themselves to large numbers of variations, which make them ideal for color displays.

Super and Ultimate VGASVGA and UVGA are higher-resolution versions of the VGA standard.

Video Adapter Comparison

Sound Card Interfaces

Line inLine in

MicrophoneMicrophone

Line outLine out

Game portGame port

Sound Card Interface Devices

MIDI instruments can be connected to each other with

MIDI connectors

MIDI instruments can be connected to each other with

MIDI connectors

A microphone connects to the MIC port

A microphone connects to the MIC port

Speakers and headphones connect to

the line out port

Speakers and headphones connect to

the line out portJoystick port connections

Joystick port connections

MIDI connectionsMIDI connections

MIDI cables or to the computer through a device that connects to a

computer port

MIDI cables or to the computer through a device that connects to a

computer port

Sound Card Interface Devices (Cont.)

Game controller connects to the game port

Cable with 1/8” jacks

1/8” jack connects to the line in port

Devices that Connect to the Game Port

Joystick

Game port

MIDI adapter

Game controller

MIDI Cables

This device connects the MIDI cables to the game port

A MIDI cable

MIDI Instruments

Modem

External ModemInternal Modem

An RJ-11 Jack

Port IRQ I/O Address

COM1 04 03F8 – 03FF

COM2 03 02F8 – 02FF

COM3 04 03E8 – 03EF

COM4 03 02E8 – 02EF

Standard Modem IRQs and I/O Addresses

Command Description

AT Attention used at the start of modem command lines.

DT Dial using touchtone.

H Hang up or disconnect.

A Answer.

DP Dial using pulse (rotary dial).

, Paul (each comma is roughly 3 seconds by default).

*70 Disable call waiting.

Z Reset.

A/ Repeat. Repeats the last command. Often used to redial.

+++Escape character sequence. Returns you to the command mode. The modem responds with OK to indicate that you are in command mode.

OOnline. Often used after the escape character sequence to continue communication.

Modem Commands

RJ-11 jack plugs into modem

RJ-11 jack plugs into modem

Connecting a Modem

Serial cable from modem plugs into serial port on

computer

Serial cable from modem plugs into serial port on

computer

Other end of RJ-11 jack plugs into wall jack

Other end of RJ-11 jack plugs into wall jack

Problem Possible Causes

Modem doesn’t work.Message “Modem Not Responding” is displayed.

Modem is not on the hardware compatibility list (HCL) for the operating system.Modem is not properly connected and powered on.

Cannot connect to the ISP.

Using the wrong phone number.Entering the user name and/or password incorrectly.Phone line is damaged, is not an analog line (is digital), or phones are down.

ISP server is not responding.

ISP server is down.Modem speed is set too high for the phone line conditions or for compatibility between the modem and the ISP modems.

Connection is dropped.

Call waiting was not configured and a call was received through call waiting.Some ISPs disconnect a connection after a certain period of inactivity.The modem cable or phone line got physically disconnected.Modem drivers need to be updated.The ISP made changes and the user needs to make changes to his or her settings to match.

Common Problems with Modems

Problem Possible Causes

Error messages when you attempt to make the connection.

No Dialtone. This could be due to the phone line not being connected, there being a phone company problem with the line, or with settings on your modem. Also EMI and RFI can cause such problems.Dial-Up Networking Could Not Negotiate a Compatible Set of Network Protocols. This could be due to modem settings or to incompatibilities between you and the host into which you are attempting to dial.

Busy signal.

Make sure that the cables are not tangled, that the user is dialing properly, and that you can manually dial the number through HyperTerminal. Also, check that the phone company is not experiencing problems.

Common Problems with Modems (Cont.)