ID Ppt_Block 1_Unit 3-2

7/30/2019 ID Ppt_Block 1_Unit 3-2

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DESN S364

Fundamentals of Interaction Design (ID)


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Block 1: Unit 3


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Unit 3: The process of interaction design,

and being user-centered

This unit discusses some of the practical issues involved in

developing interactive products In particular, it considers the

importance of being user-centered and the different ways of

achieving this II also discusses different lifecycle models for

developing interactive products, concentrating on the ID

lifecycle that underpins this course.

This discussion is supported by a substantial case study.This is based upon a UK company called Tokairo and the

approach they look to designing the interaction for a record-

keeping system for lorry drivers.


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Learning Aims:

When you have finished study of theBlock 1- Unit 3

, you will be able to do thefollowing:

Identify stakeholders.

Create simple designs and choose between.

Understand a variety of different lifecycle models, in particular the lifecyclemodel for interaction design.

Interpret a case study using the ID activities and characteristics of the ID process.

Explain the principles underpinning user-centred development.


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Block 1: Unit 31 What is interaction

design about?


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What is interaction design about?

In interaction design, we investigate the

artifacts use and target domain by taking

a user-centered approach to development.

This means that users concern direct the

development rather than technical

concerns,


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What is interaction design about?

Interaction design involves developing aplan which is informed by the products

intended use, target domain, and relevant

practical considerations.

Alternative designs need to be generated,

captured, and evaluated by users.


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Four basic activities of interaction design(p. 17 of the Set Book)

1. Identifying needs and establishing requirements

2.Developing alterative designs

3.Building interactive versions of the designs

4.Evaluating designs


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QuestionImagine that you want to design an electronic

calendar or diary for yourself.

You might use this system to plan your time, recordmeetings and appointments, mark down peoples

birthdays.

Draw a sketch of the system outlining itsfunctionality and its general look and feel.

Activity:


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MONTH

DAY

9:30

Meeting John (notes)

DAY

To do:

contact Daniel

turn to next page

link to address book

link to notes section

Notes section

address and telephone section

An outline sketch of an electronic calendar


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Answer

Design is influenced by the paper-based book.

This calendar should allow me to record meeting and appointments,

so I need a section representing the days and months.

I need a section to take notes as I am a prolific note-taker.

Enter contact details in my address book.

Ive tried to incorporate electronic capabilities.

Mixed features of different systems or other record-keeping support

together .

Activity:


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Sketches are an essential designers tool for capturing preliminary observations

and ideas. If they are fluent and flexible they support creativity. Sketches can be

concrete or abstract, representational or symbolic, loose or tight, improvisational or

rehearsed.


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If an idea is criticized before being expressed it dies prematurely. Design as

opposed to craft has this quality of separate phases or modes. For example, an

Express mode, producing many choices can be followed by a Test phase, followed

by a Cycle phase where the next strategy is chosen. The basic design process is

seen as cyclic or iterative.


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There is a danger in iteration if alternatives are not

considered, if you are only working on one design at a time,comparisons are never drawn, criteria are never challenged.

At the core of invention might be a hunch followed by a hack

followed by another hunch (craft) but an idea orgeneralization is needed for generating alternatives,

prototypes and tests (design). The goal is principles, which

organize the value of a product which creates a market

which creates a paradigm and we are back to a fixed orbit.

Design is the transfer orbit that gets us out of a small orbitinto a larger one.


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPv5PmY9BZw


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Human-Computer Interaction Guidelines
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPv5PmY9BZwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPv5PmY9BZwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPv5PmY9BZw


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Human Computer Interaction with Shadow
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsalpQyct5Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsalpQyct5Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsalpQyct5U


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Video 1: Interaction Design
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3rxCLhzmXYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3rxCLhzmXYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3rxCLhzmXY


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Video 2: Interaction Design Interactive Prototype
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXzqXAGvmAYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXzqXAGvmAYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXzqXAGvmAY


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Video 3: Video Sketching Presentation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVB3IwgUsuwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVB3IwgUsuwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVB3IwgUsuw


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Video 4: Sketch Based Rapid Interaction Prototyping
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4h9Goa7qchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4h9Goa7qchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4h9Goa7qchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4h9Goa7qc


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Video 5: Interaction Design
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQk3pmXpP0Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQk3pmXpP0Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQk3pmXpP0E


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Block 1: Unit 3

2 Some practical issues


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Identifying stakeholders

People or organisations who will be affected by the

system or who have a direct or indirect influence

on the system requirements.

(Kotonya and Sommerville, 1998)

A ti it


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Draw a stakeholder diagram for the supermarket check-out

system. You diagram should be similar to the following one.

Activity:

BeneficiariesCustomers/users

Shareholders

Senior management

Decision makersManagement providing

access to resources

WorkersFront-line staff

Development and

implementation team

GatekeepersManagers providing

access to front-line staff

in order to establish the

requirements

At Home website

Stakeholder diagram for theAt Home website

Stakeholder diagram for the supermarket check-out system


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BeneficiariesCheck-out operators

Customers

Supermarket ownersSuppliers (if sales increase)

Decision makersSupermarket managers

IT managersSuppliers (may need to

modify packaging)

Workers

Check-out operators(involved in establishing

the requirements and

testing)

Development team

Warehouse staff (if sales

increase)

GatekeepersManagers providing

access to front-line staff

in order to establish the

requirements

Supermarket

check-outsystem

Stakeholder diagram for the supermarket check out system

Activity:


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Draw a design for an electronic calendar system that is

radically different to the outline sketch. Three photographs are

included to help inspire you for this task. You only need to draw

a single sketch in order to illustrate your design.

Activity:

Inspiring images


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March

Now enter the

date:

3.Display shows month.

1. Select calendar

using menus.

4.Press keys to choose date

Display will then show inplain text the bookings for

the day.

2.Press keys to choose

month e.g. 3 for March.Default is the current year.


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Block 1: Unit 3

3 Lifecycle models: showinghow the activities are related

A simple interaction design model


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A simple interaction design model

Identify needs/establish requirements

Evaluate

Build aninteractive

version

Design

Final product

The waterfall life cycle model of


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The waterfall life cycle model of

software development model

Requirements analysis

Code

Maintenance

Design

Test

A basic Rapid Applications Development (RAD)


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A basic Rapid Applications Development (RAD)

lifecycle model of software development

Project initiation

Iterative design and build

Implementation

review

Joint Application Development (JAD) workshops

Evaluate final system

The Star lifecycle model


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The Star lifecycle model

Evaluation requirements/

specification

Conceptual design/formal

design representation

Implementation

Task analysis/

functional analysis

Prototyping


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Block 1: Unit 3

4 A worksheet processing system fordistributed logistics depot networks:

Tokairo case study.


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Block 1: Unit 3

5 Why is it important toinvolve users at all?


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Block 1: Unit 3

6 What is a user-centred approach?


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The five principles of user-centred development

1. Users tasks and goals are the driving force behind the development.

2. Users behaviour and context of use are studied and the system is

designed to support them.

3. Users characteristics are captured and designed for.4. Users are consulted throughout development from the earliest phases

to the latest, and their input is seriously taken into account.

5. All design decisions are taken within the context of the users and

tasks.

These all expand the principle of early focus on users and tasks.


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Assume that you are involved in developing a new e-commerce site for selling

garden plants. Suggest ways of applying the above principles in this task.

Documents

ID Ppt_Block 1_Unit 3-2