ICT Infrastructuresand Climate Change

Chaesub LeeChairman of ITU-T SG 13

(ETRI, Korea)

ICTs and Climate Change

• ICTs are part of using Energy (generation and consumption) impact to Climate Change 2~2.5 %• ICTs impact on using Energy (Delivery & consumption control) The use of ICT is predicted to reduce total global GHG’s by 15% by 2020 ...and grow to 40% by 2050

Source: GeSi & EC. Europa

Important to build “Green ICT”Important to build “Green ICT”

ICT is part of the problem

ICT is a necessary part of the solution

Green of ICTGreen of ICT Green by ICTGreen by ICT

Green of ICT vs Green by ICTGreen of ICT vs Green by ICT

Green of ICT (2%)Green of ICT (2%)

Green by ICT (98%)Green by ICT (98%)

Source : Gartner 2007

845 million TCO2

reduction effect

4.89 billion TCO2 reduction effect

Global CO2 Emissions

o ‘Green of ICT’ influences only 2% of global CO2 emission, while ‘Green by ICT’ covers the other 98%

o ‘Green of ICT’ can reduce 845 million TCO2 worldwide, while ‘Green by ICT’ can lead to 4.89billion TCO2 reduction globally

o ’Green by ICT’ is approximately 5 times more effective than ‘Green of ICT’ in terms of CO2 reduction

ICTs in terms of CC impacts

* Ref: ITU-T FG on ICT&CC Deliverable 3 “Methodology”

Energy consumption trends of Network (ref. Internet)

Internet traffic is increasing exponentially New network services: Tele-working, High Definition Video etc Network power consumption will increase by 13 times (from

2006→2025), although ICT average will increase by 5 times

Energy saving in Network should be a important issue

* Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

Examples of energy saving points in Network Operation

Energy saving by GPON

Ene

rgy

MW

h/Y

C

ost M

€/Y

(10

0k s

ubs)

*) Costs for air conditioning are not considered

GPON Energy and Cost efficiency

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

ADSL2+ PON FTTH

Energy Consumption (MWh/y) Cost (k€/Y)

80 % Energy & Cost savings

By replacing ADSL2+

With PON *)

* Ref: ITU-T FG on ICT&CC Deliverable 4 “Direct and Indirect Impact of ITU-T Standards”

* Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

Energy saving points of RouterEnergy consumption of one

router:7.1 kW x 24 hours x 365 days = 62,600kWh

Potential contribution of NGN(1/3)

o Unified network architecture• Network convergence involves a

migration from multiple separate networks to a unique IP based network and requires a centralization of applications and services control

• the evolution to a unified network could allow telecom operators to share network equipment and management functions

Potential contribution of NGN(2/3)o advantages of centralization of NGN

• Dissemination of smart terminals that are less energy and material intensive.

• Reducing manufacturing complexity and electronic waste: cables, installation space, etc

• Offering the possibility to share central, powerful, up-to-date computing resources in data centres

• Reducing the energy consumption of server farms.

• Increasing efficiency (eco-efficiency) by requiring fewer premises

• An NGN architecture can greatly reduces the number of centres required

• An NGN architecture can eliminate the need for a close geographic link between the switching and data centre and users

Potential contribution of NGN(3/3)o Making use of Multiple Power Modes in

NGNs related technology • Full Power Mode• Low Power Mode• Stand by• Hibernation

o Elements in NGNs architecture where power consumption could be measured include

• Transmission systems• Switching centres• Data centres

Key Features of Horizontal Network configuration

* Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

Example from BT: NGN impact overall network operation

Resulting by• More Broad bandwidth• Extend Reachability• Support Convergence• Service vs. Transport• Integrated Management• Others

NGN

30 ~ 40%Reduction of Sites

Energy considerations aspects of Network

Planning aspects: for example “Over-provisioning” vs. “Planned-provisioning” and others

Operation aspects: for example “Always on” vs. “Stand by” and “Best effort” vs. “Managed” and others

Service aspects: Single media vs. Multimedia, Single service vs. Binding between services or Convergence between different service environments

System aspects: Data storages, OAM&P systems, Router, Switch, Transmission systems, Duct operation, Emergency Power Feeding and others

Office operation aspects: Number of Offices and people within offices, Office operation related systems (e.g. lights, ventilation, cooling, Heating and others)

Others

impact

Requirements (Operation, Planning and Functions)

Capabilities for services and OAM&P (including QoS, Security and Mobility etc.)

Functions and features allocation into functions

Protocols (for example to support “Stand by” mode)

System design and specification including power feeding conditions

others

Example of candidate trials: ECO Networking Technology

* Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

ECO Routing Aggregate traffic into energy-

saving path Implement sleep mode for

routers where possible

ECO Switching Forward packets on timeslot

basis with time scheduling Buffer-less forwarding

without packet loss No routing table necessary

* ECO: Energy Cost saving Overlay

ICTs had mainly involved in limited industries such as Telecom,computing etc.

But ICTs are now becoming essential parts of life

Furthermore ICTs is being important parts of social, national andinternational infrastructures

Expansion roles of ICTs

ICTs are rather environment friend than other industrial technologiesbut also have contribution to environment change

ICTs are being widely used whole processes of protecting environment

Several ICTs technologies are used at the field of environment

Roles of ICTs in Protecting Environments

NGN is a common infrastructure for enabling ICTs and other industriesusing ICTs

NGN provides benefits to mitigate GHG by itself including supportvarious capabilities for protection of environments

Position of NGN in Protecting Environments

Conclusion