Strategies and Measures

in the Danube River Basin

ICPDR

Hazardous

Substances Pollution

Dr. Mihaela Popovici

Technical Expert, Water Management, ICPDR

Karlsruhe May, 2011

Structure of the presentation

Danube River Basin and the ICPDR

WFD implementation

Results of Danube RBM Plan

Hazardous substances in the DRB

Future work

Map: EEA

Fall of Iron

Curtain

AT in EU CZ, HU, SK, SI

in EU

BG, RO

in EU

Danube

River

Protection

Convention

ICPDR

starts

operations

EU Water

Framework

Directive

Danube River

Basin Management

Plan

Danube Declaration

History of the ICPDR

ICPDR International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River

ICPDR established on the Danube River Protection

Convention (signed 1994) – legal frame for cooperation

Mandate to ensure conservation, improvement and

rational use of surface waters and groundwater

Reduce inputs of nutrients and hazardous substances

Control floods and ice hazards

Reduce pollution loads to the Black Sea

ICPDR is the coordinating body for implementing the EU

Water Framework Directive and EU Floods Directive in the

Danube River Basin

Contracting Parties

1. Bosnia & Herzegovina

2. Serbia

3. Montenegro

4. Romania

5. Bulgaria

6. Rep. of Moldova

7. Ukraine

8. European Union

1. Germany

2. Austria

3. Czech Republic

4. Slovakia

5. Hungary

6. Slovenia

7. Croatia

Danube Commission

WWF

Internat. Association for Danube Research

Ramsar Convention

DEF – Danube Environmental Forum

REC - Regional Environmental Centre

International Commission for the Black Sea

Global Water Partnership

UNESCO – International Hydrological Programme

IAWD – Intern. Ass. for Waterworks in Danube Basin

Die Donau – Danube Tourist Commission

VGB Power Tech

Observers (1/2)

via donau

International Commission for Sava River Basin

European Barge Union

EWA - European Water Association

NFI - Friends of Nature International

CEDA - Central Dredging Organisation

EAA - European Angling Alliance

Observers (2/2)

Danube Parks

Carpatian Convention/UNEP

Ministerial Meeting February 16, 2010

ICPDR MINISTERIAL MEETING 2010

1. The ministers of all Danube

countries endorsed the

Danube Declaration,

which expresses the

commitment to further

reinforce transboundary

cooperation on sustainable

water resource

management within the

Danube River Basin.

EU Danube Strategy

Published in late 2010

ICPDR has observer status

Important for non-EU Members as well

TransNational Monitoring Network (TNMN)

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B u c u r e s t i

S o f i j a

B e o g r a d

S a r a j e v o

Z a g r e b L j u b l j a n a

B u d a p e s t

B r n o

B r a t i s l a v a W i e n

M ü n c h e n

1 3

1 5

8

1 2

1 4

1 1

1 0

9

7

6

5

4

2

1

C H

I

D

A

S L O

C Z P L

S K

H

H R

R O

CS

B I H

U A

M D

B G

C h i s i n a u

3

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

PIAC

Principal International Alert

Centres in Danube River Basin

PIAC

Accident Early Warning System

Danube List of Priority Substances - 2002

Background

1. Decision No 2455/2001/EC

2. WFD

3. determinands analysed within TNMN and JDS

4. results of Phare project ZZ-97-25 Component VI

The ICPDR List List of Priority Substances

1. Annex A identical with the EU WFD list.

2. Annex B divided into two groups

– General Parameters (COD, NH4, N, P) and

– Danube Specific Priority Substances (As, Co, Zn, Cr).

The revision based on the national surveys on priority substances and update of

the industrial discharges inventory. The national screenings should be focused on

the in-stream quality as well as on the emission sources.

Priority substances 1. Alachlor

2. Anthracene

3. Atrazine

4. Benzene

5. Brominated diphenylethers

6. Cadmium and its compounds

7. C10-13-chloroalkanes

8. Chlorfenvinphos

9. Chlorpyrifos

10. 1,2-Dichloroethane

11. Dichloromethane

12. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

13. Diuron

14. Endosulfan (alpha-endosulfan)

15. Fluoranthene

16. Hexachlorobenzene

17. Hexachlorobutadiene

18. Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane)

19. Isoproturon

20. Lead and its compounds

21. Mercury and its compounds

22. Naphthalene

23. Nickel and its compounds

24. Nonylphenols

25. Octylphenols

26. Pentachlorobenzene

27. Pentachlorophenol

28. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons

21. (Benzo(a)pyrene)

22. (Benzo(b)fluoranthene)

23. (Benzo(g,h,i)perylene)

24. (Benzo(k)fluoranthene)

25. (Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene)

29. Simazine

30. Tributyltin compounds

31. Trichlorobenzenes (1,2,4-TCB)

32. Trichloromethane (Chloroform)

33. Trifluralin

+ COD, NH4-N, tot N, tot P, As, Cu, Zn, Cr

+ DDT, 4xdrins, TCE, PCE, CCl4

ICPDR recommendations to the CPs

The substances and groups of substances should be subject for the following measures:

1. Introduce subsequently these substances into the monitoring programmes for discharges wherever the possibility exists that those substances might occur

1. Introduce subsequently these substances into the monitoring programmes for the in-stream chemical status. Parameter No. 34 (Chemical Oxygen Demand) might be substituted by the parameter BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)

2. Introduce subsequently these substances into permits for discharge of waste waters, which contain those substances regulate or their use via other relevant national legislation.

DRBM Plan Basis

Finalised end 2004

First comprehensive analysis of the

entire Danube River Basin

Basis for the DRBM Plan

Identification of significant water

management issues

Danube risk classification by risk categories

organic p.

nutrient p.

haz.subst.p.

hydromorph.

rkm 2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

at risk possibly at risk not at risk

pressures /

impacts from DE ATSK/

HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO*

Danube risk classification by risk categories

organic p.

nutrient p.

haz.subst.p.

hydromorph.

rkm 2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

at risk possibly at risk not at risk

pressures /

impacts from DE ATSK/

HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO*

rkm 2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

at risk possibly at risk not at risk

pressures /

impacts from DE ATSK/

HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO

2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

at risk possibly at risk not at riskat risk possibly at risk not at risk

pressures /

impacts from DE ATSK/

HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO*

Risk of failure to reach the environmental objectives

Risk due to

hydro-

morphological

alterations

nutrients

hazardous

substances

organic pollution

58 %

65 %

74 %

93 %

Significant Water Management Issues

Organic

Pollution Nutrient

Pollution

Hazardous

Substances Pollution Hydromorphological

Alterations

Reflects

• Water status of the DRB waters

• Significant Water Management Issues

Includes

• Joint Programme of Measures

• Evaluation on measure implementation

Enables

• Conclusions on investment & funding

• Potential link to Danube Strategy

Danube River Basin Management Plan - 2009

Organic Pollution

Danube Basin Vision

Zero emission of untreated

wastewaters into the waters

of the Danube River Basin.

Nutrient Pollution

Danube Basin Vision

The balanced management of nutrient emissions via point and diffuse sources in the entire DRB that neither the waters of the DRB nor the Black Sea are threatened or impacted by eutrophication.

Hazardous substances

Pollution Danube Basin Vision

No risk or threat to human

health and the aquatic

environment of the waters in

the DRB and Black Sea Basin

Programme of Measures

PROBLEMS OF THE DANUBE

25

Organic Poll.

SWIMI

Nutrients

SWIMI

Haz. Subst.

SWIMI

Several SWMIs affected by

measures

PROBLEMS OF THE DANUBE

Scenario concept

Four steps methodology:

(1) set out assumptions for possible developments regarding various sectors,

(2) develop scenario by combining different set of assumptions,

(3) map assumptions into load reductions and, in case of nutrient emissions into input parameters for MONERIS, and

(4) perform scenario assessments and nutrient scenario calculation with MONERIS using the relevant parameters.

Heart of DRBM Plan:

• Management objectives for each SWMI

• Measures on basin-wide scale

• Needs for future funding

JPM addresses the problems in Danube River Basin

Joint Program of Measures (JPM)

Urban wastewater treatment plants

UWWTPs > 10.000 p.e; UWWTPs 2,000 -

10.000

Transfer of the final results into the ICPDR

emission inventories databases

Industrial discharges

Preparation for future PRTR data use / interface to Emissions Inventories database

Agro - industrial units European Pollutants Emissions Register II (EPER)

Point sources Pressures assessment

TOC per industry

Direct emissions to water of TOC in t/y per industry in Danube basin (2004)

Pulp and paper industry

65%

Mineral oil and

gas refineries

3%

Basic organic chemicals

16%

Basic inorganic

chemicals and fertilisers

7%

Pharmaceutical

products

0%

Other activities

3%

Textile industry

0%

Metal industry

3%

Food industry

2%

Energy sector

1%

Mineral oil and gas refineries

Basic organic chemicals

Basic inorganic chemicals and fertilisers

Pharmaceutical products

Pulp and paper industry

Food industry

Textile industry

Energy sector

Metal industry

Other activities

Hazardous substances

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4

4.2

4.4

2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004

Ar Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb

T p

er

ye

ar

DE AT HU CZ SK SI

Reporting: all DRB ~ EPER II

Results:

Emissions from industry

still lower than those from agglomerations

Assessment of industrial wastewater development

Basin wide pressures analyses for hazardous substances pollution

National proposals for measures to reduce the pressures (point and diffuse sources, surface and groundwater)

Basin wide overview of measures

Key outcomes

Organic

Pollution

Reference Situation:

• 6,224 agglomerations > 2,000 PE in the DRB:

• 2,000 – 10,000 PE: 4,969 agglomerations

• > 10,000 PE: 1,255 agglomerations

• Many agglomerations without wastewater treatment or

sewerage connection

• No wastewater collection: more than 2,600 aggl.

= 11% of the generated load

Basic Facts

Oganic

Pollution

• Considerable reduction through measures of

Baseline Scenario-UWWT to be implemented by 2015 but

achievement of WFD environmental objectives on the

basin-wide scale 2015 not ensured

• Significant efforts still need to be undertaken

for next RBM cycles

Phosphorous Nitrogen

Nutrient

Pollution

•Management objectives and EU WFD objectives not ensured

•N emissions to surface waters in 2015: 12% lower. Loads to the Black Sea still

far above (40%) the load of the 1960‘s.

•P emissions to surface waters in 2015: 25 % lower. Load to the Black Sea still

above (15%) that of the 1960‘s

Introduction of Phosphate free detergents in the DRB

Key Conclusions: nutrients pollution reduction by 2015

Based on EPER (EU MS) and ICPDR Emission Inventory data

EU IPPC and other Directives key instruments for reduction

Lack of knowledge on sources , pathways and losses of

hazardous substances on the basin-wide scale

Estimation that management objectives and EU WFD

environmental objectives will not be achieved in 2015

Further measures needed

There is a need for more data and information on sources of

hazardous substances

Hazardous

Substances Pollution

Key Conclusions

Issues, next steps & information needs Insufficient knowledge and information

Need to support the update of the ICPDR Emission inventories

Using EU obligations to improve knowledge (emissions, discharges and losses of priority substances-EQS Directive), IPPC reporting, PRTR, etc.

Preparation for future PRTR data use / interface to Emissions Inventories database,

Measures assessment and implementation monitoring

Development of evaluation schemes to assess effectiveness of measures

Ensure use of tools for regular update of pollution reduction

Closing the information gaps on Hazardous Substances

……through the Inventory preparation for priority substances, an important measures highlighted in the Danube JPM

Legal basis:

Article 4(1)(iv) of the WFD

1.MSs shall phased-out the emissions, discharges and losses of priority HS and progressively reduce the pollution from PS

Article 5 of the EQS Directive (2008/105/EC)

1. MSs shall establish an inventory of emissions, discharges and losses of all 33 priority substances + 8 certain other pollutants for the RBD/ (international RBD), including concentrations in sediment and biota;

2.The reference period - 2008, 2009 or 2010

3. MSs shall communicate the inventories to the COM as part of the RBMPs, but the review of the inventories should be done as part of the reviews of the Article 5(2) of the WFD (next review: 22/12/2013).

Result: Inventory of discharges, emissions and losses

Planned Input 2012/2013 Implementation Report

Step 1: Assessment of significance

Identify significant/less significant substances at the RBD level

Using results of monitoring programmes (concentrations in water, and sediment and/or biota if relevant), WB at risk, information on production/use/ban, etc.

Include the rationale on which the decision was taken

Step 2: For the significant substances, a more thorough analysis

1. Based on emission data available: total load (kg/y), quantity discharged/production capacity (g/t), concentration (mg/l) reported (i.e E-PRTR, UWWTD)

2. And emissions factors (especially for diffuse sources emissions)

Still to be discussed based on testing results!!

Hazardous Substances

Further information: www.icpdr.org

Thank you!