IB Americas Unit 2 Study Guide - GEOCITIES.ws

IB History of the Americas HL2 Unit 2 Study Guide

Macintosh HD:Classes: History Americas: Unit 02 Nativism Sectionalism: Unit 02 Slavery:ha_unit_2_sg2009.doc

Sectionalism and the Civil War, 1787 - 1865

The central question of history: What happened and why does it matter?

Three fundamental concepts that illuminate the study of U.S. History: 1. Conflict between different groups and among members of a particular group 2. Conflict between American ideals (i.e. justice for all) and "the real world" 3. Desire for progress and improvement

Three guiding questions for this unit:

1. How did social and economic and development divide the U.S. into sections? 2. How did slavery become a major focus of Americans by 1860? 3. Why did the North win the Civil War?

History of the Americas Topic

3. United States Civil War: causes, course and effects 1840‑77 This section focuses on the United States Civil War between the North and the South (1861-65), which is often perceived as the great watershed in the history of the United States. It transformed the country forever: slavery disappeared following Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and the Northern success marked a victory for the proponents of strong central power over the supporters of states’ rights. It marked the beginnings of further westward expansion and transformed United States’ society by accelerating industrialization and modernization in the North and largely destroying the plantation system in the South.

• Cotton economy and slavery; conditions of enslavement; adaptation and resistance such as the Underground Railroad

• Origins of the Civil War: political issues, states’ rights, modernization, sectionalism, the nullification crisis, economic differences between North and South • Abolitionist debate: ideologies and argu-ments for and against slavery and their impact • Reasons for, and effects of, westward expansion and the sectional debates; the crisis of the 1850s; the Kansas-Nebraska problem; the Ostend Manifesto; the Lincoln-Douglas debates; the impact of the election of Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation; Jefferson Davis and the Confederacy • Union versus Confederate: strengths and weaknesses; economic resources; significance of leaders during the US Civil War (suitable examples could be Grant and Lee, Sherman and Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson) • Major battles of the Civil War and their impact on the conflict: Antietam and Gettysburg; the role of foreign powers

Test: The test for this unit will consist of: 1. placing “Vocabulary” words into sentences based upon the definition of the word and the context of the sentence; 2. multiple choice questions pertaining to the “Identifications and Terms”; and 3. a 45 minute in-class essay based upon your choice of a prompt given before the test.



Selected readings

A. Ch. 6 - African Americans in the New Republic pp. 160-162 B. Ch. 8 - The Slave Trade pp. 235-236 (1 image) C. Ch. 9 - A Revolution in Transportation and Emergence of a Market Economy pp. 256-262 D. Ch. 10 - The Nullification Crisis pp. 286-288 E. Ch. 11 - Nat Turner’s Rebellion and The Divided Society of the Old South pp. 301-303 (2

images p. 300/302) AND Resistance and Rebellion pp. 309-311 AND A Closed Mind and a Closed Society pp. 319-321

F. Ch. 11 - Slavery and the Southern Economy and Conclusion pp. 321-326 (2 images pp. 318 & 320)

G. Ch 12 - Divisions in the Benevolent Empire, Abolitionist Enterprise, and Black Abolitionists pp. 341-345

H. Ch. 13 - The Triumph of the Railroad and The Industrial Revolution Takes Off pp. 374-380 (skip Feature Essay pp. 376-377)

I. Ch. 14 - Brooks Assaults Sumner and The Compromise of 1850 pp. 387-392 (4 images pp. 388-392)

J. Ch. 14 - Political Upheaval 1852-1856 pp. 393-400 Skip An Appeal to Nativism pp. 395-397. (2 maps pp. 394 & 396, 1 image top of p. 398)

K. Ch. 14 - The House Divided 1857-1860 pp. 400-404 Stop at The South’s Crisis of Fear p. 404. (1 image p. 401)

L. Ch. 14 - The House Divided 1857-1860 and Conclusion pp. 404-411 Start at The South’s Crisis of Fear p. 404: skip Feature Essay pp. 406-407. (3 images pp. 405 & 408)

M. Ch. 15 - The Emergence of Lincoln and The Storm Gathers pp. 419-425 (map p. 422)

N. Ch. 15 - Adjusting to Total War (stop at Political Leadership . . . ) pp. 426-431 (table p. 426 and image p. 430) This reading includes Feature Essay: Soldiering in the Civil War pp. 428-429.

O. Ch. 15 - Adjusting to Total War (start at Political Leadership) pp. 431-437 (image p. 432 and bottom p. 435) Read Early Campaigns and Battles only for failures of McClellan and Burnside.

P. Ch. 15 - Fight to the Finish (stop at Last Stages of the Conflict) pp. 437-441 (image p. 440) Q. Ch. 15 - Fight to the Finish (start at Last Stages of the Conflict) and Conclusion pp. 441-447

(graph bottom p. 444 and image top left p. 446

• Red section headings are underlined. o Blue section subheadings are italicized.

economic concepts: political concepts: sociological concepts: corporation compact theory demography stocks/bonds political party urbanization



Names/Terms/Identifications

Chapter 8 ending slave trade 235-6

Chapter 9 steamboat 257 Erie Canal 258 commercial agriculture

259-260 banknotes 260 textile industry 262 American System 263 Missouri Compromise

265 Chapter 10

nullification crisis 286-288

Chapter 11 Nat Turner 301 Old South 303 Vesey conspiracy 309 Underground Railroad

309 “King Cotton” 321 ff. “profitability issue” 324-

325 Chapter 12

American Colonization Society 341

William Lloyd Garrison 342

Elijah Lovejoy 343

Frederick Douglass 343 Walker’s Appeal 344

Chapter 13 railroad corporations 375

Chapter 14 Wilmot Proviso 389 popular sovereignty 389 Free-Soil Party 390 Compromise of 1850 391 Fugitive Slave Law 392 Stephen Douglas 393 Kansas-Nebraska Act

394 Republicans 395 Ostend Manifesto 395 Bleeding Kansas 399 election of 1856 399 Uncle Tom’s Cabin/Stowe

401-402 Dred Scott v. Sandford

(1857) 401 Lecompton Constitution

402 Lincoln-Douglas debates

403-404 Harper’s Ferry/John

Brown 404 “Helperism” 405 election of 1860 408

historical explanations of “the crisis” 401-411

Chapter 15 Crittenden Compromise

423 Fort Sumter 425 Conscription Act 1862 427 Anaconda policy 427 greenbacks 430 Jefferson Davis 431-2 George McClellan 432-35,

443 Robert E. Lee 433-5, 441-4 Battle of Antietam 435 British/French

involvement 436-437 Emancipation

Proclamation 437 Enrollment Act 1863 440 New York City draft riots

440 Copperheads 440 Battle of Gettysburg 440 Ulysses S. Grant 441-4 Battle of Vicksburg 441 Sherman’s March to the

Sea 443-4 John Wilkes Booth 444 618,000 444 Sanitary Commission 444

Important Questions

1. During the antebellum period, how and why did the West become so economically tied to the North? 2. How did slavery become so important to the South? 3. Explain the political, social, and/or economic arguments in favor of slavery. 4. Explain the political, social, and/or economic arguments in favor of abolition. 5. Explain how the Republican Party rose and took the presidency and Congress in just six years. 6. What led to the Civil War? 6. What factors led to the Union victory?



Vocabulary

sentiment (n. 161) - a thought or idea based on a feeling or emotion manumit (v.t. 162) - to free somebody from slavery (formal) panic (n. 260) - sudden, widespread fear of economic or market collapse, leading to massive bank

deposit withdrawals and/or falling stock prices repudiate (v.t. 343) - to disapprove of something formally and strongly, and renounce any

connection with it reprisal (n. 399) - a strong or violent retaliation for an action that another person or group has

taken polemic (n. 400) - a passionate, strongly worded, and often controversial argument against or,

less often, in favor of something or somebody self-deprecating (adj. 419) - tending to make fun or downplay yourself or your achievements coercion (n. 424) - the use of force or threats to make people do things against their will feign (v.t. 428) - to make believe with the intent to deceive engender (v.t. 439) - to cause something to arise or come into existence

REQUIRED VOCABULARY ASSIGNMENT! If you failed to get at least seven correct answers on the Unit 1 Vocabulary Test, you are required to: 1. find each of the ten vocabulary words where it appears in the textbook; 2. copy the entire sentence; and, 3. provide one synonym that could take the place of the vocabulary word in each sentence. Note that a few of the words may appear in different form in the textbook (e.g., as a noun instead of an adjective). v.t. stands for “transitive verb” – a verb that requires an object upon which the subject is acting. All of the above verbs are transitive. As an example, the following sentence does not work, “Yesterday I feigned.” You must feign something. A sentence that works, “Yesterday, I feigned a headache so I could go to the Health Office and avoid the history quiz.” The object is headache. The rest of the sentence provides the context that shows why you would feign the headache.

Documents

IB Americas Unit 2 Study Guide - GEOCITIES.ws