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U.S. TERMINAL PROCEDURES PUBLICATION

EXPLANATION OF TPP TERMS AND SYMBOLS ThediscussionsandexamplesinthissectionwillbebasedprimarilyontheIFR(InstrumentFlightRule

TerminalProceduresPublication(TPP).OtherIFRproductsusesimilarsymbolsinvariouscolors(seeSection

2ofthisguide).Thepublicationlegendslistaeronauticalsymbolswithabriefdescriptionofwhateachsymbol

depicts.Thissectionwillprovideamoredetaileddiscussionofsomeofthesymbolsandhowtheyareusedon

TPPcharts.

FAAchartsarepreparedinaccordancewithspecicationsoftheInteragencyAirCartographicCommit-

tee(IACC),whichareapprovedbyrepresentativesoftheFederalAviationAdministration,andtheDepartment

ofDefense.Someinformationonthesechartsmayonlyapplytomilitarypilots.

PILOT BRIEFING INFORMATION

The pilot brieng information format con-sists of three horizontal rows of boxed proce-

dure-specic information along the top edge of the

chart. Altitudes, frequencies and channel, course

W

andelevationvalues(exceptHATs,HAThsandHAAs)

arechartedinboldtype.Thetoprowcontainsthepri-

maryprocedurenavigationinformation,nalapproach

course, landingdistance available, touchdown zone,

thresholdandairportelevations.Themiddlerowcon-

tainsprocedurenotesandlimitations,iconsindicatingif

nonstandardalternateand/ortake-offminimumsapply,

approachlightingsymbology,andthefulltextdescrip-

tionofthemissedapproachprocedure. Thebottom

rowcontainsairtogroundcommunicationfacilitiesand

frequenciesintheorderinwhichtheyareusedduring

anapproachwiththetowerfrequencyboxbolded.

NOTE:The W symbol indicates thatoutages of the

WAASverticalguidancemayoccurdailyatthisloca-

tiondue toinitialsystem limitations.WAASNOTAMs

forverticaloutagesarenotprovidedforthisapproach.

UseLNAVminimaforightplanningattheselocations,

whetherasadestinationoralternate.Forightopera-

tionsattheselocations,whentheWAASavionicsindi -catethatLNAV/VNAVorLPVserviceisavailable,then

vertical guidance may be used to complete the ap-

proachusingthedisplayedlevelofservice.Shouldan

outageoccurduringtheprocedure,reversiontoLNAV

minimamayberequired.AstheWAAScoverageisex-

panded,the W willberemoved.

PLANVIEW

Thedataontheplanviewisdrawntoscale,un-

lessoneofthefollowingthreechartingdevicesareuti-

lized:concentricrings,scalebreaksor insetbox(es)

Mostnon-RNAVinstrumentprocedurechartsdepicta

referenceordistancecircle (not tobeconfusedwith

theconcentricrings)whichisnormallycenteredontheFinalApproachFix(FAF)andhasaradiusof10NM

Thiscircleisintendedonlytoprovideasenseofdis

tanceandscale.Databothwithinandwithoutthecircle

isdrawntoscale,unlessascalebreaksymbol is

utilized.

Inmostcases,obstructionsclosetotheairport

which can be depicted within the parametersof the

airportsketch,willbeshownthereratherthaninthe

planview.Someoftheseobstaclesmaybecontrolling

obstructionsfortheprocedure.

Terrain Depiction

TerrainwillbedepictedintheplanviewportionofallIAPsatairportsthatmeetthefollowingcriteria:

If the terrain within the planview exceeds

4,000feetabovetheairportelevation,or

If the terrain

withina6.0 nauticalmile

radiusoftheAirportRefer-

encePoint(ARP)risesto

at least2,000feetabove

theairportelevation.

Approximately240

airportsthroughouttheUS

currentlymeet the above

criteria.

The initial contour

value (lowest elevation)

willbeatleast500butno

more than 1000 above

the airportelevation.The

initial contour value may

belessthan500abovetheairportelevationifneeded

todepictariseinterrainclosetotherunwayend.The

nextcontourvaluedepictedwillbeata1000increment

AT FOR NAO

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Base Areas:theleftandrightbaseareasarebounded

bythestraight-inTAAandtheextensionoftheinterme-

diatesegmentcourse.Thebaseareasaredenedby

a30NMradiuscenteredontheIAFoneithersideof

theIF/IAF.TheIF/IAFisshowninthebaseareaicons

withoutitsname.Thealtitudeshownwithinthebase

areaiconsprovidesminimumIFRobstacleclearance.

MinimumMSLaltitudesarechartedwithineach

of these dened/subdivisions that provide at least

1,000feetofobstacleclearance,ormoreasnecessary

inmountainousareas.

NOTE: Additional information for the TAAs can be

found in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)

Para5-4-5-d.

ALTERNATE MINIMUMS

Whenanalternateairportisrequired,standard

IFR alternate minimums apply. Precision approach

proceduresrequirea600ceilingand2statutemiles

visibility;nonprecisionapproachesrequirean800ceil-ingand2statutemilesvisibility.Whena appearsin

theNotes sectionof theapproachchart, it indicates

non-standardIFRalternateminimumsexistfortheair-

port.ThisinformationisfoundinSectionEoftheTPP.

If appears,alternateminimumsarenotautho-

rizedduetounmonitoredfacilityorabsence

ofweatherreportingservice.CivilpilotsseeFAR91.

Take-Off Minimums and (Obstacle) Departure Pro-

cedures

Whena appearsintheNotessection,itsig -

nies the airport has nonstandard IFR takeoff mini-

mumsand/orDepartureProcedurespublishedinSec-

tionCoftheTPP.

CIVILUSERSNOTE:FAR91prescribesstan-

dardtake-offrulesandestablishestake-offminimums

forcertainoperatorsasfollows:(1)Aircrafthavingtwo

enginesorless-onestatutemile.(2)Aircrafthaving

morethantwoengines-one-halfstatutemile.These

standardminimaapplyintheabsenceofanydifferent

minimalistedinSectionCoftheTPP.

ALLUSERS:AirportsthathaveDeparturePro-

cedures(DPs)designedspecicallytoassistpilotsin

avoiding obstacles during the climb to the minimumenroute altitude, and/or airports that have civil IFR

take-offminimumsother than standard, are listed in

SectionCoftheTPPbycity.Take-offMinimumsand

DepartureProceduresapplytoallrunwaysunlessoth -

erwisespecied.Altitudes,unlessotherwiseindicated,

areminimumaltitudesinMSL.

DPs specically designed for obstacle avoid-

ancemaybedescribedinSectionCoftheTPPintext

orpublishedasagraphicprocedure.Itsnamewillbe

listed,anditcanbefoundineithertheTPPs(civil)or

aseparateDepartureProcedurevolume(military),as

appropriate.UserswillrecognizegraphicobstacleDPs

bytheword(OBSTACLE)includedintheprocedure

title;e.g.,TETONTWO(OBSTACLE).Ifnotassigned

another DP or radar vector byATC, this procedure

shouldbeownifvisualavoidanceofterrain/obstacles

cannotbemaintained.

GraphicDPsdesignedbyATCtostandardize

trafcows, ensureaircraft separationandenhance

capacityarereferredtoasStandardInstrumentDe-

partures(SIDs).SIDsalsoprovideobstacleclearance

andarepublishedunder theappropriateairportsec-

tion.ATCclearancemustbereceivedpriortoyinga

SID.

NOTE:GraphicDepartureProceduresthathavebeen

designedprimarilytoassistAirTrafcControlinprovid-

ingairtrafcseparation(aswellasprovidingobstacle

clearance)areusuallyassignedbyname inanATC

clearanceandarenotlistedbynameinSectionCof

theTPP.

RNAV Departure Procedures (DP) and StandardTerminal Arrival Routes (STAR)

RNAVDPsandSTARsarebeingdevelopedto

supportamoreefcienttrafcowandfurtherNationa

AirspaceSystem (NAS) capacity. These procedures

willbeownonlybythoseaircraftwithonboarddata -

bases.Theseprocedureswillextendoveralargergeo

graphicareatoallowATCspacingandsequencingto

occurenroute.Inordertoreducethenumberofpages

requiredtodepicttheselongerprocedures,changesto

thegraphicdepictionsandtextualdataarenecessary.

NAVAIDboxeswillberemovedandidentied

withonlythename,thethree-letteridentandtheap-

plicablesymbol.Waypointswillbeidentiedwithway-

pointsymbolandvelettername.Waypointsthatover-

layNAVAIDswillbedepictedonlyasNAVAIDs,notasa

waypoint.Asinglegraphicwillbeusedwhenpossible;

however,ifnotfeasible,thecommonportionofthepro-

cedurewillbeshownonasinglepagewithtransitions

containedonsubsequentpages.Subsequentpages

willbe subtitledwiththe transitionarea, i.e.,CHEZZ

ONEDEPARTURENortheastTransitions,orJHAWK

TWOARRIVAL SouthTransitions.Text remarks tha

applytotheentireprocedure,oralltransitions,willbechartedonthepagethatcontainsthecommonpoin

and commonportionof the procedure.Textremarks

thatapplytoaspecictransitionwillbechartedonthe

page that contains that transition.Transition text wil

notincludeadescriptionoftheroutebutwillinstead

stateexpectationsforaltitudes,clearances,FLrestric-

tions,aircraftconstraints,specicairportarrivaluse

etc.

TherearetwotypesofRNAVSIDsandgraphic

ObstacleDPs(ODPs):TypeAandTypeB.TypeA

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generallystartswithaheadingorvectorfromthede-

parturerunwayendandTypeBgenerallystartswithan

initialRNAVlegnearthedeparturerunwayend.Type

A procedures require theaircraftstrackkeepingac-

curacyremainboundedby2NMfor95%ofthetotal

ighttime(TypeBboundedby1NM).SeetheAIM

formorespecicinformation.

RNAV Procedures Legs (IAPs, SIDs/DPs and

STARs)

Duetothevariationsinthedevelopment,doc-

umentation, charting and database coding of RNAV

Procedures(IAPs,STARsSIDs/DPs),it hasbecome

necessarytochartRNAVlegswithspecicinformation

basedontheirtype.Thisdatadepictionwillprovidepi-

lotswithaclearerindicationofthetypeoflegtheair-

craftwillbeyingandtheensuingightprole.

Heading-nowaypointsshown,hdgcharted

afterdegrees(i.e.,330hdg),nomileageshown.

Direct - waypoint at termination of leg, nocourseshown,nomileageshown.

Course-waypointatterminationofleg,course

shown,mileageshownonlyifrstlegupondeparture.

Track-waypointsatbeginningandtermina-

tionofleg,courseshown,mileageshown.

Radius-waypointsshownatbeginningand

terminationofleg,nocourseshown,mileageshown.

Legmileageswillbelisteddifferentlybasedon

certaincriteria.MileagesonCourseandTracklegswill

beshowntothenearestone-tenthofaNMwhenall

threeofthefollowingconditionsaremet:

Legterminationis30NMorlesstotheAirport

ReferencePoint(ARP)(forSTARs,legoriginationmust

be30NMorlessfromtheARPfortheprimaryairport)

and,

legsegmentislessthan30NMand,

legsegmentisnotpartoftheEnroutestruc-

ture.

In all other instances, leg mileages will be

roundedofftothenearestwholeNM,astheyarecur-

rently.

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{Pilot BriefingInformation

Terminal Arrival

Areas (TAAs)

MissedApproach

Icons

RNAV Minima

{

Instrument Approach Chart Format

OT FOR N V ATI

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IAP_Intro