INTRO TO VET TECHCellular Biology

UNIT MAP: FOLLOW ALONG IN YOUR PACKET

WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING?Objectives:

1. Id basic cell structures and functions2. Detail and Explain mitosis in mammalian

repro3. Connect basic cell biology to clinical practice

KNOW UNDERSTAND DO!Know

Basic Cell parts

Basic cell functions

Cell purposes in mammals and vet care

Understando Relationships

between partso Function

purposeo Importance of

cell biology in vet medicine

Do Label and explain cell

parts and relationships

Demonstrate types of cellular fxn’s

Explore clinical practices within vet medicine

KEY LEARNING: BASIC CELL BIOLOGY

Unit EQ: Why is it important to understand cell biology?

Concept : At Work

Lesson EQ:

How can cells malfunction?

Vocab

Benign

Malignant

Pathologist

Concept : Functions

Lesson EQ: How do cells influence body reactions?

VocabActive transportMetabolismOsmosis

Concept : Make-Up

Lesson EQ: What are the basic parts of all cells?

VocabHydrophilicHydrophobicEnzymes

CELL BIOLOGY Make up of Cells

WARM UP : REMEMBER THESE?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What are the basic parts of all cells?

BIG IDEAS!

All cells are made of Molecules: smallest part of an

item that still retains chemical properties

Biochemistry is the study of these molecules in living creatures

TYPES OF MOLECULES WE WILL DISCUSS

Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids

LIPIDS/ FATS

Combine Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen Poorly dissolvable in water

Makes it float Phospholipids

Similar to lipids Only have 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphate

group IMPORTANT!

Causes one side to Hydrophilic : attracted to water Hydrophobic : Not attracted to water

CARBOHYDRATES

Supply energy and structure to the cell Monosaccharide, disaccharides and

polysaccharides Genetic material in cells has 5 carbons

Ribose and deoxyribose GLUCOSE: energy for cells, routinely monitored

Diabetes = unbalanced glucose levels Polysaccharides

Combination of many monos Example: Starch aka glycogen

Taken into cell and used for energy Assembled into long chains + protein = glygoproteins Assist in building the cell structure

PROTEINS

Key role in structure and function of cells 50% of animal weight

Large molecules of many amino acids Type of Protein

Enzyme: protein molecules that speed chemical reactions

Antibodies: infection fighting proteins Measured to diagnose in clinical practice

NUCLEIC ACIDS Provide plans for the

construction of different proteins

Made up of different nucleotides Nucleotides= 5 carbon sugar,

phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base 3 Nitrogen Bases code for specific

amino acids Order provides genetic info on that

animal Bases differ

DNA and RNA: sugar backbones with alternating phosphates

DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine ( C ), Guanine (G), Thymine (T)

RNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine ( C ), Guanine (G), Uracil (U) Pattern of bases determines

protein etc.

ACTIVITY BREAK

Did you get all that?

Make a concept map in the form of a relationship web connecting vocabulary together and explaining the relationship between the words on the line that you have drawn connecting the words together

VOCAB: DNA, RNA, Enzyme, Protein, Nucleic Acid, Lipid, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Carbohydrate, Amino Acid, Polysaccharide, Monosaccharide, Antibody

CELL BIOLOGYCell Structures

WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER?

ONLINE CLASS QUIZ

http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/biotoday/CELL%20QUIZ.htm

CELL STRUCTURES: LET’S LABEL

ABC’S OF CELL STRUCTURES

Cell Membrane Centrosome Cytoplasm Golgi body Lysosome Mitochondria Nuclear Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Vacuole

C’S

Cell Membrane Separates the intracellular and

extracellular components Semi permeable

Centrosome Associated with nuclear

membrane during prophase in the cell cycle

Cytoplasm Gel like substance found within

the cell, mostly water, normally clear, adds in the movement and functions within the cell

G, L, M

Golgi Body integral in modifying, sorting, and

packaging these macromolecules for cell secretion

Lysosome Contain hydrolase enzymes that break

down waste products within the cell Mitochondria

maintenance of cellular energy supplies

THE 3 N’S Nuclear Membrane

The double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm

Nucleus cellular organelle of eukaryotes

that is essential to cell functions (as reproduction and protein synthesis)

Nucleolus granular body composed of protein

and RNA in the nucleus involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and the formation of ribosomes.

R’S

Ribosomes component of cells that

assembles specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule

Rough ER ER covered in ribosomes.

Secretes specified proteins

S AND V

Smooth ER functions in several

metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates

Vacuole Isolating materials that

might be harmful or a threat to the cell and Containing waste products

ACTIVITIES

Animal Cell Coloring Review Sheet Cell Analogy worksheet

CELL BIOLOGYCell functions

WARM UP: What is happening?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How do cells influence body reactions?

MAJOR FUNCTIONS WITHIN CELLS

Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism Homeostasis

Diffusion Osmosis

Equilibrium Active transport Endocytosis

SOME ISM’S Metabolism:

chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life

Reactions occurring within cells TWO TYPES

Anabolism: The phase of metabolism in which simple substances

are synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue

Smaller molecules are combined into larger ones Catabolism:

The metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a release of energy

Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones (glycogen break down for energy)

Homeostasis

Definition: the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability

Maintenance of ECF (Extra Cellular Fluid) Allows for normal concentrations of

molecules in spite of external conditions

Movements within cells Diffusion: intermingling of

molecules Types

Osmosis Osmosis is the passage of water

from the region of high water concentration through a semi permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration

Active transport Movement of a molecule through a

membrane against its concentration gradient, using a carrier protein and energy from ATP

Endocytosis cells absorb molecules (such as

proteins) by engulfing them.

Activity Break !

Homeostasis and Transport Worksheets Break into groups Answer assigned questions using the internet Regroup and swap information to complete the

worksheet questions

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Begins within the nucleus on the basis of the DNA structure During transcription, info within the DNA is

transferred to a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) that moves into the cytoplasm

STEPS1. RNA polymerase (enzyme) binds to DNA. DNA 2x

helix separates exposing gene2. Enzyme finds promoter ( T-A-C bases in a row)3. Enzyme moves along DNA “reading”. Makes a

complimentary RNA strand ( “matching”) 4. Enzyme reaches terminator series ( A-T-T) 5. mRNA detaches and DNA 2x helix reconnects

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

TRANSCRIPTIONMATCHING BASIS’

WHAT PAIRS TOGETHER?

TRANSLATION Occurs in Ribosomes Steps

mRNA codons (which code for specific amino acids) bound by ribosomes

Transfer RNA (tRNA) with anticodon attach to mRNA tRNA carries amino acid specific to codon

Enzymes on ribosome allow for the release of amino acid from tRNA

Peptide bond is created between amino acid Process is repeated along mRNA creating

polypeptide Proteins (chains of amino acids) are processed

further within ER or used within the cytoplasm

VIDEO REVIEW

Biologix : Translation and Protein Synthesis 30 minutes

Protein Synthesis Worksheet Coloring material will be helpful! Go grab some!

ACTIVITY REVIEW!

CELL BIOLOGYMitosis and Meiosis Review and Reproduction in Mammals

VIDEO REVIEW

Biologix Mitosis and Meiosis comparasion

MITOSIS AND MEIOSISWORKSHEET

REVIEW WORKSHEETS

CELL BIOLOGYCell Malfunction and Cancer

LIBRARY WORK ON COMPUTERS

Complete your cancer project worksheets. Review in Class Next Day

TEST REVIEW Vocabulary: Define the following: Hydrophilic Hydrophobic, Enzymes

Active transport Metabolism Osmosis Benign Malignant Pathologist Depict Meiosis and Mitosis Know how to translate and transcribe DNA to mRNA to tRNA

(worksheet) List 1 defining characteristic of each of the 4 molecules discussed in

class List the parts of cell and what they “do” as their job How is protein synthesized? (there are 9 major steps) look in your

notes under protein synthesis and translation) How can cells malfunction? Why is it important to understand cell biology in clinical vet practice?