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Australian Institute of EnergySydney 1st May 2006
Tom EngelsmanRaymond Alcorn
Wave EnergyBlue Gold?
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Introduction
What is wave energy
How much is there
How do Energetech convert it Power
Water
Summation
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What is Wave power?
Simply -Conversion of ocean wave energy toelectrical energy or fresh potable water
RealityGenerating acceptable powerconsistently, efficiently with little environmentalimpact, competitively.
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The Holy Grail of wind/wave/tidal..
Be able to produce renewable power, irrespective of thelocal wind/water conditions
Be able to produce renewable power at rates equal tothe gas/coal fired main land installations, based on initialinvestment costs and/or lease, without major subsidy.
Energetech may be the f irst com pany in the world able to reach
both of these goals w ithin a 5 year t ime frame
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The ResourcekW/m
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PERIODS 0.033333 TO 0.2SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OUTPUTHs(w) Te Pi2.16 13.80 35.08
ZERO CROSSING ANALYSIS OUTPUTHrms Hs H10 Hmax Tz Pe1.58 2.32 3.20 6.15 13.01 35.60
Wave Analysis South of Melbourne - 15m
How is it measured?
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Principle of Conversion
THE PARABOLA THE OWC THE TURBINE
focuses & amplifiesIncoming waves
converts wave motionTo air flow
Converts oscillatingflow to unidirectional
torque
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Energetech Turbine
Developed by Energetech andUniversity of Sydney
Same direction of rotation irrespectiveof air-flow
Variable pitch
High Torque, Low RPM
Low drag loss
Novel blade design
Active control and Self Start
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Port Kembla Prototype Device
35m Parabola & OWC
1.6m diameter, 21-blade, 500RPM, servocontrolled Energetech turbine
Highly instrumented 0.5MW capacity
11kV onboard transformer
Successfully tested during 2005 In dock for reconfiguration
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PK Power Module
PLC
HMI
Drive
to grid
InductionGenerator
Turbine Brake
Coupling
Bearing housing
Servo Actuator
Isolation Door
Support base
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Why this system?
Flexibility
Ability to dynamically change station set-up under range of conditions
Controlled variable speed
Software Configurable
Remotely monitor, operate, alarm, trending
and predict
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And the cost per Kw-Hr ..
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6
Costof
Unit
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Centsper
Kw-Hr
Unit cost
Cents/Kw-hr
PK as is
Just PK or Rhode Island
Portland/Water
2006 Order
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And then there is storage
Water can be a lake Electricity is an Autobahn
Free flowing entry
Storage
The higher the densityThe greater the risk
Either Go or Stop
No storage
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SWRO Cost/Unit Water History
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
1980 1990 2000 2001 Israel 2002
Singapore
$US/M32.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
1980 1990 2000 2001 2002Israel Singapore
And this is on the basis ofthe full capital costs pluselectric power at a cost of
8 US cents/kw-hr !!
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Desalination currentlybeing built or planned
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The major issues with largedesalination plants
Capital cost since scaleis an essential element of costreduction
Massive need for energy, and hence greenhouse impactbecomes Catch-22
Major coastal footprint
Return loop for the residual brine
Major central location with pipelinesto users
Very expensive standbyduring rain period Water pricingproblems due to high marginal cost
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But with a wave unit
Freerenewable energy
Zero greenhouse emission
Offshoreup to 5 Km
Locate off the coast from marketssmall water farms Disperse brine in the location
Small footprintdue to density of medium (ocean)
Scale to suit local demand
Minimal pipelinesideal for remote locations
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The Energetech concept
Replacethe electrical generatorwith a conventional highpressure centrifugal pump
Lift sea waterusing this pump from the in situ location
Pressurize a conventional Reverse Osmosiswith thispumping system.
Use brine power recoveryto pump fresh water to shore
Generate small amounts of power for other pumping
and/or control needs Run as an un-manned remote control water farm
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Water Module
Auxiliary
Generator
High Pressure
Pump
TurbineActuator
Turbine
Simple
Instruments
SingleSupportBase
The ability to make fresh drinking waterwithout first having to make electric power
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PX BoosterPump
Seal Zone
PX HighPressure Outlet
PX LowPressure inlet
PX Rotor Rotation
Seal Zone
100 flow69 bar
60 flow67 bar
41.2 flow2 bar
58.8 flow2 bar
Permeate40% flow
PX HighPressure Inlet
PX Lowpressure Outlet
FM58.8 flow66 bar
FM
60% flow1 bar
LowPressureBrine
SeawaterPump
100%flow
Water Module- Energy Recovery
RO Membranes
Energy Recovery
Pressure Exchanger
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Does it really work?
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An Ocean Farm
1.5MW
WaterUnit
1.5MW
WaterUnit
1.5MWPower
Unit
1.5MW
WaterUnit
1.5MW
WaterUnit
1.5MW
WaterUnit
Fresh
WaterStorageFacility
Pump
Unit
Fresh Desalinated water
This system would deliver
approximately 10 Bi l l ion
liters of fresh water each year
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The operating cost structure
Item
Power/Energy costs
System Depreciation
MembranesParts Replacement
Chemical Consumables
Labor
Admin
Total water cost per cubic meter
% Cost structure
Zero
40.2%
11.2%18.7%
13.4%
12.8%
3.6%
Aus 55 cents~ 30 Cents
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So what are the numbers?
Power consumption of 3.75 Kw/Cubic Meterfor waterpumped to the shoreline
Production costs of around 45 to 65 centsper cubicmeter (potable standard)
All of the above are on a single unit basis
Above includes zero allowance for any grants or creditsfor emission
Above costs have future reduction potential with eithernumber of units or size of installation
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Cost of water produced (2 Giga-Liter unit)(cents per cubic meter)
20
30
40
50
60
4 5 6 7 8 9
Overall Project Investment ($mm)
Cost/MeterProduced
W
ater
Thesweet
Spot
Future?
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Summation A Wave Energy Barge makes
Low Cost Emission free
Desalinated dr ink ing water
Emission free electr ical pow er
At costs comparable to currentFossil based supply systems
Waves 2 meters high and with 50 meters breadth equals a free barrelof Oil every 10 minutes
A major city could be supplied with 10 Giga- Litersof fresh waterfor a capital cost of roughly $65 Million
The Wave Energy Barge
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The benefits
Low profile, small foot printUp to 5 Km offshore
Minimal Brine handlingproblems
Locate nearMarket need Competitive cost base
Absolutely no Greenhouse Gas
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If we could ever competitively, at a cheap rate, get
freshwater from saltwater, that would be in the long-range
interest of humanity (and) would dwarf any other scientificaccomplishmentPresident John F. Kennedy, April 12, 1961
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