I. History of Life

Introduction

A. Background ThoughtsMajor

ContributorsContributions & Controversies1. Aristotle,

300BCScalae Naturae = fixed state2.

TheologyCreationism3. Linnaeus,

1700’sTaxonomy

4. Buffon, 1700’s

Multiple creation sites & times5. Hutton,

1700’sEarth older than 6,000yrs6. Malthus,

1700’sResources limits populations7. Cuvier,

1800’sCatastrophism8. Lyell,

1800’sUniformitarianism

B. Idea EvolutionContributor

Contribution1. Anaxamander,

300BCStriving for Complexity2. Lamarck,

1800’sInheritance of Acquired Characteristics3. Mendel,

1860’sGenetics and Inheritance

4. Darwin, 1860’s

Natural Selection and Descent with Modification

II. What is Life?A. Living from Non-

living1. Characteristics of Lifea. Highly

Organized

Figure 1.4

b. Transform Energy

Figure 1.9

c. Reproduce

d. Grow and Develop

e. Irritable & Adaptable

f. Practice Homeostasis

Figure 1.11

i. Mechanisms

PositiveNegative vs.

1. Scientific Methoda.

Reasoningb. Process

Figure 1.22

Experimental variables:i.

Independent = ii. Dependent = iii. Control =

B. Studying Life

Figure 1.22

Theory Law

C. Classifying Life1.

CategoriesD, K, P, C, O, F, G, & SKingdom

MoneraKingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi Kingdom PlantaeFigure 1.13

Kingdom Animalia

Figure 1.13

III. Characteristics of AnimalsA. Shared

Characteristics

IV. Evidence of SelectionA. Fossil

Record

The fossil record is based on what two key points of data to age identify them? 1. Strata

Positioning2. Half-Life Dating

Magnetic ReversalRacemization

&

B. Comparative Anatomy1. Analogous

structures =

Figure 22.18

2. Homologous Structures =

Figure 22.153. Vestigial

Structures =

C. Comparative EmbryologySimilarities in developmental patterns

in animals

Figure 32.9 Figure

32.10

D. Molecular HomologyHomologies between species (yeast, wheat, &

primate) in the sequential amino acid make-up of cytochrome C3.

E. Current Evidence1. Artificial

Selection