World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

CHAPTER THIRTY-FOURRebirth and Revolution:

Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements II. Japan, IncorporatedIII. The Pacific Rim: New Japans?IV. Mao's China and Beyond V. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

Korea divided

Russian, American zone

Taiwan

Chinese occupation

Chiang Kai-shek

Reoccupation of some areas

Japan occupied by United States

A. New Divisions and the End of Empires

Postwar decolonization

U.S. loses Philippines

Dutch: Indonesia

British: Malaya

Chiang, Guomintang

driven to Taiwan

The Pacific Rim Area by 1960

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

B. Japanese Recovery

American occupation

ends, 1952

Democratization

women get the vote

unions encouraged

Shintoism disestablished

land redistribution

new constitution

modified, 1963

Liberal Democratic Party, 1955

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

C. Korea: Intervention and War

North

communist

Kim Il-Sung, to 1994

South

Syngman Rhee

parliamentary government

North invades South, 1950

U.S. leads UN effort

China supports North

1953, armistice

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

D. Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore

Taiwan

Guomindang retreats to Taiwan

U.S. Support

Hong Kong

British colony

Chinese control, 1997

Singapore

independence, 1965

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Japan, Incorporated

A. Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style

Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993

corruption raises questions

Cultural continuity

Hiraoka Kimitoke

nationalist

B. The Economic SurgeCompany unions

cooperation between management, labor

Women

traditional attitudes

Popular culture

Western influence

Political change

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Pacific Rim: New Japans?Follow Japanese model

A. The Korean Miracle

South Korea

Chung-hee, 1961-1979military loses power

more open press, political action

new companies

Hyundai

B. Advances in Taiwan and the City-States

Taiwan

rapid economic growth

more contact with China, other neighbors

Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978

gap narrows between China and Taiwan

Singapore

similar to Taiwan

Lee Kuan Yew

authoritarian rule

returned to China, 1997

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Pacific Rim: New Japans?

C. Common Themes and New Problems

Common culture

group loyalty stronger than individualism

Confucianism important in economic development

benefit from Japanese influence

Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Mao's China and Beyond

Chiang Kai-shek

Japanese invasion

allies with Communists

Guomindang's position lessened

partly due to military defeat

Communism popular

Mao gaining power by 1945

Defeat of Japan, 1949

Communists ascendant

China in the Years of Japanese Occupation and Civil War

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Mao's China and Beyond

A. The Communists Come to PowerSecession movements

Inner Mongolia, Tibet

Korean War

China supports division

Vietnam

support liberation

Alliance with Soviet Union

collapses by late 1950s

border disputes

post-Stalin changes

War with India

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Mao's China and Beyond

B. Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice

Land reform

First five-year plan, 1953

Mass Line approach, 1955

agricultural cooperatives

farming through collectives from 1956

Purge of intellectuals, 1957

C. The Great Leap Backward

The Great Leap Forward, 1958based on peasant communes

peasants un-cooperative

famine

ended by 1960

Mao no longer state chairman

still head of Central Committee

replaced by pragmatists

Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Mao's China and Beyond

D. "Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens"

Mao and Jiang QingGuomindang

not supportive of women's rights

Communist promising

legal equality

work outside the home

opportunities increase

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Mao's China and Beyond

E. Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four

Cultural Revolution, 1965

Zhou Enlai

into seclusion

Liu Shaoqui

killed

Deng Xiaoping

imprisonedended, 1968

Gang of Four

Jiang Qing

opposed by Deng

defeated by pragmatists

imprisoned

Pragmatists

more open to West, capitalism

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

French

interest since 1600s

hope to convert to Catholicism

Tayson peasant rebellion, 1770s

Nguyen, Trinh dynasties out

French back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long)

unification by 1802

new capital at Hue

Minh Mang

persecution of Vietnamese Catholics

French intervene, 1840s

Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by 1890s

Nguyen as puppets

French takeover

discredits emperor, bureaucracy, Confucianism

Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

A. Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival

French influence

Western-educated middle class

Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD)

from 1920s

repressed, 1929

Communist the focus of resistancecrushed by French

aided by Comintern

Japan occupies Vietnam, 1941

B. The War of Liberation against the French

Viet Minh

communist-dominated resistance

Vo Nguyen Giap

proclaims independence, 1945

only in North

War

French defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954

Geneva conference promises elections

Chapter 34: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

C. The War of Liberation Against the United StatesCommunists v. United States

South

Ngo Dinh Diem, president

fights communists (Viet Cong)

North

supports Viet Cong

United States

supports military overthrow of Diem

withdraws, 1970s

Communists

take South Vietnam

D. After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam

Difficulties

U.S. blocks international aid

reprisals

Economy more open in 1980s

better relations with U.S.