Protein Synthesis& Mutations

Learning TargetsI can name the process of creating a protein.I can identify the sugar in RNA.I can identify the number of strands in RNA.I can list the bases in RNA.I can explain the 6 steps of Protein Synthesis.I can define a mutation.I can explain a substitution mutation.I can explain a deletion mutation.I can explain an addition mutation.

Vocabulary

Protein Protein Synthesis RNA Ribose Nitrogenous Base Adenine Thymine Uracil Guanine Cytosine

DNA Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosome Amino Acid Mutation Substitution

Mutation Deletion Mutation Addition Mutation

Poll:What do proteins do?

PROTEINS…

How do we make proteins?

The process is called protein synthesis.

Don’t be scared by this busy picture! We will work through it step by step!

Before we work through the steps, we need to talk about RNA…

RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid It is single-stranded The sugar in the nucleotide is called ribose The 4 nitrogenous bases are Adenine,

Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil

RNA Strand

STEP 1 The DNA “unzips,” meaning the 2 DNA strands separate from each other

STEP 2 A strand of messenger RNA (mRNA)

is formed by using one side of the unzipped DNA

Making the m

RNA is very sim

ilar to m

aking the second strand of DN

A.

Cytosine & GuanineAdenine & Thym

ine

Guanines and Cytosines still match up!

Adenine and Thymine are different! If the DNA strand has a Thymine, the mRNA strand will match an

Adenine. BUT – If the DNA strand has an Adenine, the mRNA strand will match a

Uracil, NOT a Thymine.

Draw It:Write out the strand of RNA bases that would match up with this strand of DNA.

STEP 3 mRNA leaves the nucleus, enters the

cytoplasm, and attaches to a ribosome

STEP 4 Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules “read”

triplets of the mRNA to place amino acids

STEP 5 Amino acids are added to the chain

until a “STOP” triplet is reached

STEP 6 The chain of amino acids (called a

protein when put all together) is released into the cytoplasm

You have made a protein!

The amino acids form a very long line. They begin to coil up on themselves and eventually all coil up into this big structure we call a protein.

You will watch a video to review the process of protein synthesis. Watch closely!

Coming Up…

http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=gG7uCskUOrA

Fill in the Blank:The process of Protein Synthesis involves several steps. The first event to occur is that a strand of DNA “unzips.” This happens in the nucleus. Next, (and still in the nucleus) a strand of mRNA is formed by using one side of the unzipped DNA. Then, the newly formed mRNA strand leaves the nucleus and goes out into the cytoplasm to attach to a ribosome. tRNA then “reads” the mRNA and places amino acids on the growing strand. Amino acids continue to be added until a “STOP” triplet is reached. The chain of amino acids will the fold up on itself and move out into the cytoplasm to complete its job.

MutationsA single change in your DNA bases causes a different order of triplets in the RNA, which

causes different amino acids to be added. This makes a completely different protein!

There are lots of cats with 6 toes on their front feet in Key West because of a mutation.

Bacteria become resistant to our medicines because they have

mutations.

3 Types of Mutations:

You will be brought to a website that gives you a brief explanation of mutations you just learned about. Read carefully, because you will have a question on the quiz from this article!

Coming Up…

http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/3.7/

Quiz1. Can a mutation make you a

superhero?2. What is the process of making a

protein called?3. Which of the following bases is NOT

found in RNA?4. What is the first step in protein

synthesis?5. _______ is “read” by tRNA to create a

chain of _________________.

I love creating interactive lessons that educators can use to inspire their students’ learning! I hope you found this lesson helpful in engaging all your learners.

Thank You!Abby

Credits https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F

%2Fpersonalizedmedicine.partners.org%2FAssets%2Fdocuments%2FEducation%2FPM-Conf_Archive%2FPMC%25202014%2520PROGRAM%2520FINAL%2520-%25202.pdf&psig=AFQjCNE6e1Lhm4Rkv11AlSCmnk6JPSqXmQ&ust=1455239197271855

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/protein-synthesis-1211978288012505-9/95/protein-synthesis-1-728.jpg?cb=1211952941

http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2007/07/essential.asp https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/f5/71/08/f5710867d1d95b1d8f60469e307868c4.jpg https://www.google.com/url?

sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj2vtmq0u7KAhUF6SYKHb46A4gQjB0IBg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niaid.nih.gov%2Ftopics%2FantimicrobialResistance%2FUnderstanding%2FPages%2Fmutation.aspx&psig=AFQjCNH0Qc0_axAe4fDLcId7RJ-It0SbTA&ust=1455243359369543

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/mutation.aspx http://prohealthinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Graphic_Gene_Mutations.jpg http://www.aboutthemcat.org/organic-chemistry/amino-acids-and-proteins.php https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100_protein http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/3.7/ http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=gG7uCskUOrA