H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ‘² g§ñH¥$Vapí‘…-3 published - Karktbs.kar.nic.in/new/website textbooks/class8/8th... · to 10 there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science

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g§ñH¥$Vapí‘…-3V¥Vr¶^mfm - g§ñH¥$V‘²

Aï>_r H$ú`m

SAMSKRITHA RASHMI-3EIGHTH STANDARD

THIRD LANGUAGE - SANSKRIT

KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R)100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd stage,

Bengaluru- 560 085.

(Revised)

8

H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ‘²

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AÜ`j…

S>m. E_²>.Ho$.lrYa:, Hw$bg{Md…, H$Zm©Q>H$g§ñH¥$V{díd{dÚmb`…, Mm_amOnoQ>o, ~o“byé

gXñ`m:

S>m. EZ²>. Eg²>. gwaoe…, g§ñH¥$VmonÝ`mgH$…, {gpÝY_hm{dÚmb`…, ~o“byé &

{dÛmZ² {O. E_²>. Jwé_y{V©…, g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$…,nX{dnyd©{dÚmb`…, _„m{S>hp„, {MÌXwJ©…&

lr_Vr èmoXm, g§ñH¥$VmÜ`m{nH$m, g.~m.n.ny. {dÚmb`…, MÞnÎm>Z_², am_ZJa_² &

lr_Vr _yH$mpå~H$m hoJS>o, g§ñH¥$VmÜ`m{nH$m, g.n.ny. {dÚmb`…, _mJ{S>, am_ZJa_² &

lr_mZ² gVre… {n. {~amXma², {MÌH$bm{ejH$…, {~.B©.Eb² àm¡T>embm, Ombhp„, ~o“byé &

n[aerbH$:

{dÛmZ² E_². e‘>a^Å>…, {Zd¥Îm… g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$…, Hw$_ma nmH©$ àm¡T>embm, ~o“byé> &

gånmXH$$…

S>m. H$moQ>o_Zo am_MÝÐ^Å>…, {ZX©oeH$…, doX{dkmZemoYg§ñWmZ_²>, ~o“byé &

à_wIg§`moOH$…

àmo. {O. Eg²>. _wSå~{S>Îmm`, >H$.n.nw.g”…, ~o“byé &

_mJ©Xe©H$m¡

lr ZmJ|ÐHw$_ma…, ì`dñWmnH${ZX©oeH$…, H$.n.nw.g”…, ([a) ~o“byé &

lr_Vr {g. ZmJ_Ur, Cn[ZX©oeH$m, H$.n.nw.g”…, ([a) ~o“byé &

g§`mo{OH$m

lr_Vr Eg². EZ². brbmdVr, Áòð> ghm`H${ZX}[eH$m, H$.n.nw.g”…, ([a) ~o“byé &

nmR²>`nwñVH$aMZmg{_{V…

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PREFACE The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi prepared which in turn are designed based on NCF – 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 11 languages; seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science and social science.NCF – 2005 has a number of special features and they are:• Connecting knowledge to life activities • Learning to shift from rote methods• Enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks• Learning experiences for the construction of knowledge• Making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom experiences• Caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country• Make education relevant to the present and future needs.• Softening the subject boundaries integrated knowledge and the joy of learning.• The child is the constructor of knowledge The new books are produced based on three fundamental approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral approach and Integrated approach. The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, masters skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books are integrated with values. The new books are not examination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner in the total development of his/her personality, thus help him/her become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country India. Language textbooks are designed to help learners master communicative competencies, excellent comprehension, meaningful expression and efficient reference skills. Schools in Karnataka offer seven languages as media of instruction and eight as first languages and ten languages are offered as third language. The objective is to help the learners to use these languages efficiently at the communicative level. It is hoped that at least a cross section of learners achieve competencies to use these languages at the creative level. Teachers are expected to adapt their teaching methods not to make these textbooks just feed materials for examinations, but help learners master language competencies such as communication, comprehension, expression in writing and necessary reference skills. The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the chairpersons, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and CTEs and the members of the Editorial Board and printers in helping the Text Book Society in producing these textbooks. Prof.G. S. Mudambadithaya Nagendra Kumar Co-ordinator Managing Director Curriculum Revision Karnataka Textbook Society and Textbook Preparation Bengaluru. Karnataka Textbook Society Bengaluru.

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g§ñH¥$V^mfm AË`ÝV§ gwÝXa^mfm b{bVm ^mfm _Ywam ^mfm B{V M à{gÕm ApñVŸ& {doe^mfmgw g§ñH¥$V_²> Ed àmMrZ ^mfmŸ& ^mfm`m… H$m¡eb§ ldU^mfUnRZboIZÛmam ^{dî`{V B{V ^mfm{dkm{ZZ… dXpÝVŸ& AV Ed eãXê$nmUm§ {H«$`mnXê$nmUm§ gw^m{fVmZm§ M H$ÊR>nmR>mW©²> AÌ AdH$me… XÎm…Ÿ& {ejH$m… H$ú`mgw {dÚm{W©[^… _m¡{IH$mä`mg§ H$maò`w… B{V Añ_mH$_² Anojm dV©VoŸ&

2005 am{ï´>`nmR²>`H«$_{Z`_mZwgma§ (NCF - 2005) nR²>`nwñVH${_X§ {da{MV_² ApñVŸ& AV … {ejH$m… ^mfm`m… MVwa… A§emZ² n[aJUæ` N>mÌmZ² ~moY`ÝVw B{V Amemñ_hoŸ&

nwñVH$aMZm`m§ H¥$Vgmhmæòä`… H$Zm©Q>H$nR²>`nwñVH$g”ñ` A{YH$m[aä`… _wÐU{MÌboIZm{XH$m`}fw àË`jnamojénoU H¥$V^y[an[al_oä`…

YÝ`dmXm…Ÿ&

~o“byé S>m. E_²>.Ho$. lrYa: AÜ`j… nR²>`nwñVH$aMZmg{_{V…

AÜ`mnHo$ä`… gyMZm1. AdYo`m§e… {H«$`mH$bmn… B{V {d^mJV… narjm`m§ àíZm… Z ^do`w…Ÿ&2. H¥$n`m AmH$aJ«ÝWmZm§ n[aerbZ§ Hw$`©w…Ÿ &3. JÚnmR>mÝVJ©Vm… H$ÊR>nmR>mWª {Z{X©ï>míM ûcmoH$m… VmËn`©boIZmWª àíZê$noU Z ^do`w…Ÿ&4. nyaH$nmR>oä`: XrKm}ÎmaàíZm… Ed narjm`m§ ^do`w…&5. nmR>`nwñVH$ñ`mXm¡ XÎm§ ñVmoÌ§ N>mÌmUm§ JmZmW©od Z Vw narjmW©² &

àm¸$WZ_²

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About the Revision of TextbooksHonourable Chief Minister Sri Siddaramaiah who is also the Finance Minister of

Karnataka, in his response to the public opinion about the New Textbooks from standard one to ten, announced, in his 2014-15 budget speech of constituting an expert-committee, to look into the matter. He also spoke of the basic expectations there in, which the Textbook experts should follow: “ The Textbooks should aim at inculcating social equality, moral values, development of personality, scientific temper, critical acumen, secularism and the sense of national commitment”, he said.

Later, for the production of the Textbooks from class one to tenth, the Department of Education constituted twenty seven committees and passed an order on 24-11-2014. The committees so constituted were subject and class-wise and were in accordance with the standards prescribed. Teachers who are experts in matters of subjects and syllabi were in the committees.

There were already many complaints, and analyses about the Textbooks. So, a freehand was given in the order dated 24-11-2014 to the responsible committees to examine and review text and even to prepare new text and review if necessary. Afterwards, a new order was passed on 19-9-2015 which also give freedom even to re-write the Textbooks if necessary. In the same order, it was said that the completely reviewed Textbooks could be put to force from 2017-18 instead of 2016-17.

Many self inspired individuals and institutions, listing out the wrong information and mistakes there in the text, had send them to the Education Minister and to the ‘ Textbook Society’. They were rectified. Before rectification we had exchanged ideas by arranging debates. Discussions had taken place with Primary and Secondary Education ‘ Teacher Associations’. Questionnaires were administered among teachers to pool up opinions. Separate meeting were held with teachers, subject inspectors and DIET Principals. Analytical opinions had been collected. To the subject experts of science, social science, mathematics and languages, textbooks were sent in advance and later meeting were held for discussions. Women associations and science related organistation were also invited for discussions. Thus, on the basis of all inputs received from various sources, the textbooks have been reviewed where ever necessary.

Another very important thing has to be shared here. We constituted three expert committees. They were constituted to make suggestions after making a critical study of the text of science, mathematics and social science subjects of central schools (N.C.E.R.T), along with state textbooks. Thus, the state text books have been enriched basing on the critical analysis and suggestions made by the experts. The state textbooks have been guarded not to go lower in standards than the textbooks of central school. Besides, these textbooks have been examined along side with the textbooks of Andhra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra states.

Another clarification has to be given here. Whatever we have done in the committees is only review, it is not the total preparation of the textbooks. Therefore, the structure of already prepared textbooks have in no way been affected or distorted. They have only been reviewed in the background of gender equality, regional representation, national integrity, equality and social harmony. While doing so, the curriculum frames of both central and state have not been transgressed. Besides, the aspirations of the constitution are incorporated carefully. Further, the reviews of the committees were once given to higher expert committees for examination and their opinions have been effected into the textbooks.

Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived in all those 27 committees with complete dedication and also to those who served in higher committees. At the same time, we thank all the supervising officers of the ‘Textbook Society’ who sincerely worked hard in forming the committees and managed to see the task reach it’s logical completion. We thank all the members of the staff who co-operated in this venture. Our thanks are also due to the subject experts and to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

H.N. GopalakrishnaMangaging Director

Karnataka Textbook SocietyBengaluru.

Prof. Baraguru RamachandrappaChairman-in-Chief

State Textbook Revision CommitteeBengaluru.

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n[aîH$aUg[_[V:

1. àmo. ~aJyé am_MÝÐßn, gdm©Ü`j…, amÁ`nR>çnwñVH$n[aîH$aUg{_{V…, ~o“byé&

2. lr. Ho$.Eb². kmZàgmX amd², AÜ`j…, nR>çnwñVH$n[aîH$aUg{_{V…, g§ñH¥$VmonÝ`mgH$…, [dÚmdY©H$g”>: Á`y[Zà² H$mboO², amOm[OZJa_², ~o“byé&

gXñ`m…1. lr lrYa^Å>: EoZH¡$, [ZX}eH$…, doXmÝV^maVrg§emoYZg§ñWm, Ho$.Ama². ZJa_²,

_¡gyé [O„m&

2. S>m. g§Vmof h>mZJb², Cn{ZX}eH$…, H$Zm©Q>H$g§ñH¥$V[dœ[dÚmb`:, ~o“byé&

3. S>m. Eg². à^w[b“> Xodé, à^mar àmÜ`mnH$…, gd©H$mar`lrMm_amOoÝÐg§ñH¥$V H$mboO², ~o“byé&

4. lr_Vr gw_“>bm ho>JSo>, g§ñH¥$V[e{jH$m, gd©H$mar`~[bH$m n.ny.H$mboO², 13 H«$mg², _„oœa§, ~o“byé&

5. lr h>OaV² Abr. `w, CnÝ`mgH$…, b[bVH$bm[d^mJ. Vw_Hy$é [dœ[dÚmb`:, Vw_Hy$é&

n[aîH$aUmoÞVg[_[V:

1. S>m.EM².[d.doUwJmonmb…, [Zd¥Îmàm§ewnmb…, g§ñH¥$VàmÜ`mnH$…, Ý`mfZb² H$mboO² ~gdZJw[S>, ~o“byé&

2. S>m. Oo.lr[Zdmg_y[V©…, [Zd¥Îmàm§ewnmb… E_².B.Eg².H$mboO², _„oœa§, ~o“byé&à_wI_mJ©Xe©H$m¡-lr hoM².EZ². JmonmbH¥$îU…, ì`dñWmnH${ZX}eH$:, H$.n.nw.g”:([a), ~o“byé&lr Eg².{O. ZmJoe…, Cn{ZX}eH$:, H$.n.nw. g”: ([a) ~o“byé&g§`mo{OH$mlr_Vr Eg².EZ².brbmdVr, Áòð>>ghm`H${ZX}{eH$m, H$.n.nw.g”:([a), ~o“byé&

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nmR>mZwH«$_{UH$m

H«$.g§. nmR>… {df`… n¥ð>g§»`m

01. àW_… nmR>… àmW©Zm (nÚ_²>) (H$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…) 1

02. {ÛVr`… nmR>… Ajam{U 5

03. V¥Vr`… nmR>… n[aM`… - {eï>>mMma… 14

04. MVwW©… nmR>… Zm_nX_² 16

05. n#m_… nmR>… F$Vwndm©{U 38

06. fð>… nmR>… g§»`m 45

07. gá_… nmR>… J{VñËd§ ^dm{Z 52

08. Aï>_… nmR>… gpÝY… 56

09. Zd_… nmR>… A{V{WXodmo ^d 60

10. Xe_… nmR>… {H«$`mnXàH$aU_² (AmË_Zon[X) 66

11. EH$mXe… nmR>… CngJm©… Aì``m{Z M 71

12. ÛmXe… nmR>… AmXe©… A_mË`… 76

13. Ì`moXe… nmR>… g_mg… 79

14. MVwX©e… nmR>… gw^m{fVm{Z 83

15. n#m>Xe… nmR>… nwéfmoÎm_… 87

16. fmoS>e… nmR>… ~w{Û… g“mZwgm[aUr 94

17. gáXe… nmR>… Yra… Jwé^º$… 106

18. Aï>mXe… nmR>… AZwdmX… 111

19. ZdXe… nmR>… nÌm{U 113

20. qde… nmR>… à~ÝYm… 115

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nyaH$nmR>m…

01. àW_… nmR>… _h{f©… nm{U{Z… 116

02. {ÛVr`… nmR>… Ë`mJm‚mJ{V nyÁ`ÝVo 118

n[a{eï>_²

01. {MÌH$Wm 120

02. JÚmdJmhZ_² 122

03. nXH$mof… 123

04. AmH$aJ«ÝWm… 128

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AYa§ _Ywa§ dXZ§ _Ywa§Z`Z§ _Ywa§ h{gV§ _Ywa§ &öX`§ _Ywa§ J_Z§ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVoa{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&1&&

dMZ§ _Ywa§ M[aV§ _Ywa§dgZ§ _Ywa§ d{bV§ _Ywa§&M{bV§ _Ywa§ ^«{_V§ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVoa{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&2&&

doUw_©Ywamo aoUw_©Ywa…nm{U_©Ywa… nmXm¡ _Ywam¡&Z¥Ë`§ _Ywa§ g»`§ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVoa{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&3&&

JrV§ _Ywa§ nrV§ _Ywa§^wº§$ _Ywa§ gwá§ _Ywa§ &ê$n§ _Ywa§ {VbH§$ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVoa{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&4&&

H$aU§ _Ywa§ MaU§ _Ywa§haU§ _Ywa§ ñ_aU§ _Ywa§&d{_V§ _Ywa§ e{_V§ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVoa{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&5&&

JwÄOm _Ywam _mbm _Ywam`_wZm _Ywam drMr _Ywam &g{bb§ _Ywa§ H$_b§ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVoa{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&6&&

Jmonr _Ywam brbm _Ywam`wº§$ _Ywa§ ^wº§$ _Ywa§ &Ñï>§ _Ywa§ {eï>§ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVo{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&7&&

Jmonm _Ywam Jmdmo _Ywam`{ï>_©Ywam g¥{ï>_©Ywam &X{bV§ _Ywa§ \${bV§ _Ywa§_Ywam{YnVoa{Ib§ _Ywa_² &&8&&

_Ywamï>H$_²

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nmR>`moOZm

_mgm: nmR>m:OyZ² goVwnmR>… & àmW©Zm & Ajam{U &Owb¡ n[aM`… & Zm_nX_²& G$Vwndm©{U&AmJñQ²> gL²>»`m & J{VñËd§ ^dm{Z& gpÝY…&goßQ>oå~a² A{V{WXodmo ^d & CngJm©… Aì``m{Z M& _h{f©…nm{U{Z…&AŠQ>mo~a² à~ÝYm… & AZwdmX…&Zdoå~a² g_mg… & AmXe©… A_mË`…& gw^m{fVm{Z&[S>goå~a² {H«$`mnX_²& nwéfmoÎm_…& ~w{Õ… g“mZwgm[aUr&OZd[a Yra… Jwé^º$…& nÌm{U& Ë`mJm‚mJ{V nyÁ`ÝVo&\o$~«d[a {MÌH$Wm & JÚmdJmhZ_²&_mM©² nwZamdV©Z_²

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àW_… nmR>…

àmW©Zm(H$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…)

^maVr`m… XodVmàmW©Z`m {dZm {H$_{n H$m`ª Z àma^ÝVoŸ& àmW©Z`m Z

Ho$db§ XodVmZm§ n[aVmof… {H$ÝVw Añ_mH§$ _Zg… empÝV… A{n bä`VoŸ&

àmW©ZnÚmZm§ gwðw JmZoZ AmZÝX: Om`Vo&

2. gm _o dgVw {Oˆm`m§ drUmnwñVH$Ym[aUrŸ& {d[a{#md„^m Xodr gd©ewŠbm gañdVr &&

3. H¥$îUm` dmgwXodm` XodH$sZÝXZm` MŸ& ZÝXJmonHw$_mam` Jmo{dÝXm` Z_mo Z_…Ÿ&&

1. àUå` {eagm Xod§ Jm¡arnwÌ§ {dZm`H$_²>Ÿ& ^ŠVmdmg§ ñ_ao{ÞË`_² Am`wîH$m_mW©{gÕòŸ&&

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4. _¥Ë`wÄO`m` éÐm`

ZrbH$ÊR>m` eå^doŸ&

A_¥Voem` edm©`

_hmXodm` Vo Z_…Ÿ&&

5. Jwéam{XaZm{XíM

Jwé: na_X>¡dV_²Ÿ &

Jwamo: naVa§ Zm[ñVŸ

Vñ_¡ lrJwado Z_…Ÿ&&

*********

AÝd`mW©…

1. ^ŠVmdmg_² = ^ŠVmZm§ öXò pñWV_², Jm¡arnwÌ_² = C_m`m… nwÌ_², {dZm`H$_²=JUoe§ Xod_², {eagm àUå` = _ñVHo$Z ZËdm, Am`wîH$mW©{gÕò = Am`wfo BÀN>mnyaUm` M, {ZË`_² = à{V{XZ_², ñ_aoV² = ÔoV²Ÿ&VmËn`©_² - ^ŠVmZm§ öXò pñWV_² C_m`m… gwV§ JUoe§ ^ŠË`m ZËdm Añ_mH$_² Am`wfo A^rï>{gÜ`Wª M à{V{XZ§ ñ_aoV²Ÿ&2. drUmnwñVH$Ym[aUr = hñV`mo: drUm§ nwñVH§$ M Y¥VdVr, {d[a{#md„^m = ~«÷U: nËZr, gd©ewŠbm = œoVdgZm gm, gañdVr Xodr = emaXmXodr, _o = __, {Oˆm`m_² = agZm`m_² (dm{M), dgVw = {ZdgVwŸ&

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VmËn`©_² - hñVo drUm§ nwñVH§$ M Y¥VdVr gañdVr Xodr ~«÷U:{à`nËZr M ApñVŸ& œoVdgZm gm emaXm Xodr __ {Oˆm`m§ {ZdgVwŸ&3. dmgwXodm` = dgwXodñ` nwÌm`, XodH$sZÝXZm` = XodH$sn[aVmofUm` gwVm`, ZÝXJmonHw$_mam` = ZÝXJmonñ` gwVm`, Jmo{dÝXm` = Jmonmbm` (H¥$îUm`) Z_ñH$ma…Ÿ&VmËn`©_² - lrH¥$îUm` dgwXod nwÌm` XodH$sn[aVmofUm` ZÝXJmonVZ`m` Jmonmbm` Z_… &4. _¥Ë`wÄO`m` = {edm`, éÐm` = e‘>am`, ZrbH$ÊR>m` = {dfH$ÊR>m`, eå^do = ham`, A_¥Voem` = XodVmZm_²> B©em`, edm©` = B©œam`, _hmXodm` = Xodl>oîR>m`, Z_… = Z_ñH$ma…&VmËn`©_² - _¥Ë`wÄO`§ éÐ§ {dfH$ÊR>_² A_amUm_²> B©e§ _hmXod§ {ed§ eå^w_² Ah§ Z_m{_Ÿ& 5. Jwé… = AmMm`©…, Am{X… = OJXm{XH$maU…, AZm{X… M = OZZa{hV… ({ZË`…), Jwé… = CnmÜ`m`…, na_X>¡dV_²Ÿ = Ÿl>oîR>X>¡dV_²Ÿ, Jwamo… = AmMm`m©V², naVa_² = l>oîRVa§ ZŸ ApñV, Vñ_>¡>= VmÑem` (na_mË_ñdê$nm`), lrJwado = AmMm`m©`, Z_… = Z_ñH$ma… &VmËn`©_² - Jwé… OJXm{XH$maU… OZZa{hV… l>oîR>X>¡dV_² & Vñ` Anoj`m l>oîRVa§ ZŸ ApñV & Vñ_>¡> na_mË_ñdê$nm` AmMm`m©`

Z_ñH$ma… &

Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIVŸ&

1. Jm¡arnwÌ… H$… ?

2. {Oˆm`m§ H$m dg{V?

3. ZÝXHw$_ma… H$… ?

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4. _¥Ë`wÄO`… H$…?

5. H$: Am{X: ?

2. EVofm§ nXmZm§ AÝ`{b“ê$n§ nmR>mV² {MËdm {bIVŸ&

1. Xodr - .............. 2. nwÌ…- ............

3. Hw$_mar - ............ 4. g… - .............

3. _ÄOyfm`m§ XÎmm{Z nXm{Z Cn`wÁ` [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`V &

(ñ_aoV², dmgwXodm`, l>rJwado, naVa_²Ÿ)

1. H¥$îUm` .............. XodH$sZÝXZm` M Z_…Ÿ&

2. ^ŠVmdmg§ ............................. {ZË`_²Ÿ&

3. Jwamo: ................................... ZmpñV &

4. Vñ_¡ ..................................... Z_: &

4. EVofm§ nXmZm§ n`m©`nXm{Z {bIV &

1. {dZm`H$… ............ 2. {Oˆm ..............

3. Jmo{dÝX… ............ 4. Jwé… ..............

5. g§`moÁ` {bIV &

A Am

1. Jm¡arnwÌ… gañdVr

2. dmgwXod… {ed…

3. ed©… H¥$îU…

4. drUmYm[aUr JUoe…

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{ÛVr`… nmR>…

Ajam{U

^mfm`m… bKwV_… KQ>H$… Aja_² & AjamUm§ dUm©… BË`{n Zm_ dV©Vo& Vofw Ajaofw ñdam… ì`ÄOZm{Z A`moJdmhm… B{V àYmZV`m Ì`… ôXm… dV©ÝVo& g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ bmoH$ì`dhmao Aï>MËdm[aëV² Ajam{U gpÝV &

AÌ Vofm§ n[aM`… àXÎm… &

g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m… {b{n… XodZmJar& Añ`m§ ^mfm`m_² Aï>MËdm[aëV²

(48) Ajam{U ì`dhmao dV©ÝVo& Vm{Z Ajam{U ÌoYm {d^º$m{Z & `Wm-

Ajam{U48

ñdam…13

A`moJdmhm¡ 02

ì`ÄOZm{Z33

s ñdam… - ñd`§ amOÝVo B{V ñdam… & ñdVÝÌV`m Cƒm`©_mUm… dUm©… Ed

ñdam…& Vo AmhË` Ì`moXe (13) gpÝV & `Wm-

ñdam… - 13 A Am B B© C D$ F$ G$ b¥ E Eo Amo Am¡ g

s ñdaôXm… - ñdamUm_² CƒmaUH$mb_² AZwg¥Ë` ñdam… ÛoYm {d^º$m…& `Wm-

ñdam…

öñdñdam… - 05 XrK©ñdam… - 08A B C F$ b¥ Am B© D$ G$ E Eo Amo Am¡

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s A`moJdmhm¡ - _mhoœagyÌofw `moJ§ Z àmám¡ {H$ÝVw ì`dhmao à`wº$m¡ AV

Ed A`moJdmhm¡ & Vm¡ Ûm¡ ñV… &

`Wm-

A`moJdmhm¡ - 02

AZwñdma… =

{dgJ©… =

s ì`ÄOZm{Z - AY©_mÌmH$mboZ Cƒm`©_mUm… dUm©… Ed ì`ÄOmZm{Z&

Vm{Z AmhË` Ì`qóeV² (33) gpÝV & Vm{Z M àmYmÝòZ ÛoYm

{d^º$m{Z & `Wm-

ì`ÄOZm{Z - 33

dJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z - 25

AdJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z-08

H²$ I² J² K² L>²

M² N²> O² P² Äm²

Q²> R²> S²> T²> U²

V² W² X² Y² Z²

n² \²$ ~² ^² _²

`² a² b² d² e² f² g² h²

s ì`ÄOZôXm… - ì`ÄOZmZm_² CƒmaUà`ËZ_² AZwg¥Ë` ì`ÄOZm{Z

nwZ… ÌoYm {d^º$m{Z & VWm -

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ì`ÄOZm{Z

AënàmUm… - 14 _hmàmUm… - 14 AZwZm{gH$m… - 05 H²$ J² I² K² L²> M² O² N²> P² Äm² Q²> S²> R²> T²> U² V² X² W² Y² Z² n² ~² \²$ ^² _² `² a² b² d² e² f² g² h²

Jw{UVmjam{U

s Jw{UVmjam{U - ñdaì`ÄOZ`mo… g§`moJoZ CËnÞm{Z Ajam{U Jw{UVmjam{U B{V CÀ`ÝVo & `Wm -

ì`ÄOZ_² ñda… Jw{UVmja_² {M•_²H²$ + A H$H²$ + Am H$m mH²$ + B {H$ {H²$ + B© H$s sH²$ + C Hw$ mwH²$ + D$ Hy$ myH²$ + F$ H¥$ m¥H²$ + G$ H¦$ m¦H²$ + b¥ Šb¥ b¥H²$ + E Ho$ oH²$ + Eo H¡$ ¡H²$ + Amo H$mo moH²$ + Am¡ H$m¡ m¡

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Ed_² BVam{U Jw{UVmjam{U ^dpÝV & `Wm -

I Im {I Ir Iw Iy I¥ I¦ »b¥ Io I¡ Imo Im¡

J Jm {J Jr Jw Jy J¥ J¦ ½b¥ Jo J¡ Jmo Jm¡

K Km [K Kr Kw Ky K¥ K¦ ¿b¥ Ko K¡ Kmo Km¡

L> L>m [L> L>r L>w L>y L>¥ L>¦ L²>b¥ L>o L>¡ L>mo L>m¡

VW¡d A`moJdmhì`ÄOZ`mo… g§`moJoZ A{n Jw{UVmjam{U ^dpÝV & VWm -

ì`ÄOZ_² A`moJdmh… Jw{UVmja_² {M•_² ì`ÄOZ_² A`moJdmh… Jw{UVmja_² {M•_²

H²$ + A§ H§$ § H²$ + A… H$… :

H²$ + Am§ H$m§ m§ H²$ + Am… H$m… m:H²$ + B§ qH$ { § H²$ + B… {H$… { :H²$ + Bª H$s¨ s§ H²$ + B©… H$s… s:H²$ + C§ Hw§$ m§w H²$ + C… Hw$… mw:H²$ + D§$ Hy§$ m§y H²$ + D$… Hy$… my:H²$ + F§$ H¥§$ m§¥ H²$ + F$… H¥$… m¥: H²$ + G§$ H¦§$ m§¦ H²$ + G$… H¦$… m¦:H²$ + b¥§ Šb¥§ b¥§ H²$ + b¥… Šb¦… b¥:H²$ + E§ H| §o H²$ + E… Ho$… o:H²$ + E| H¡$§ ¢ H²$ + Eo… H¡$… ¡: H²$ + Am| H$m| mo§ H²$ + Amo… H$mo… mo:H²$ + Am¢ H$m¢ m¡§ H²$ + Am¡… H$m¡… m¡:

AYwZm H$m{ZMZ g§ñH¥$VnXm{Z aM{`Vw§ eŠ`ÝVo& `Wm-AJ…, AmIw…, B^…,

B©e… BË`mXr{Z&sg§`wº$mjam{U - `Xm ì`ÄOZ_² AÝòZ ì`ÄOZoZ gh g§`wÁ`Vo VXm

g§`wº$mjam{U ^dpÝV& `Wm-

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1. H²$ + `² - Š`² - dmŠ`_² 2. a² + _² = _²© - Y_©…

sdU©g§`moJ… sA+Y²+`²+Am+n²+A+H²$+A… = AÜ`mnH$…sb²+B+I²+A+V²+B={bI{V

sdU©{Z^mJ… sàm¡T>embm = n²+a²+Am¡+T²>+A+e²+Am+b²+Am

sgwYmIÊS>… = g²+C+Y²+Am+I²+A+U²+S²>+A…

AdYo`m§e…g§`wº$mjam{U

g§`wº$mjagÝX^©o ì`ÄOZmZm§ g§`moJ… MVw{^©… àH$ma¡… ^d{V& `Wm-1. àW_… - A{YH$V`m g§`wº$mjaofw àW_§ AYm©ja§ {ÛVr`§ M nyUm©ja§ ^d{V& CXm - Š` = H²$+`, J²+Z²=¾² n²+g = ßg, _²+b = åbdmŠ`§, b¾…, ßgm{V Amåb… MoË`mXr{Z&2. {ÛVr`… - `Ì g§`moJo àW__² AYm©ja§ ^{dVw§ Zmh©{V VÌ àW_§ nyUm©ja§ {ÛVr`§ M Vñ`mYmo^mJo ^d{V&CXm - L²>+H$ = >L²>H$ X + d = Û Q²>+Q> = Å> S²>+J =S²>J AL²>H$, D$Ûm, AÅ>…, IS²>J… MoË`mXr{Z &

3. V¥Vr`… - aH$mag§`moJ{dfò àH$maÛ>`§ {dÚVo& 2. a Aja§ g§`moJo àW_§ ^d{V MoV² [ÛVr`mja§ nyU©V`m {d{b»` VXþn[a "�©'B{V {M•§ {b»`Vo& CXm : a + n = n©, a²+H$ = H©$ a² + J = J©…, a²=_ = _© An©`{V, AH©$:, dJ©:, Y_©:

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4. "a²' Aja§ g§`moJo {ÛVr`§ ^d{V MoV² àW_mja§ nyU©V`m {d{b»` {M•§ {b»`Vo `Wm n² + a = à, J² + a = J« O² + a = O«, _² + a = _« {dà…, ì`J«…, dO«_², Am_«_²

5. ¹${MV² g§`wº$mja§ ZyVZ_² Aja{_d ê$n§ àmßZmo{V& `Wm- H²$ + f = j, V² + a = Ì, O² + Äm = k X² + ` = Ú, X² + _ = Ù nj…, N>mÌ…, àmk…, AÚ, nÙ_² ^d{V & `Wm Ed_od AZoH$ì`ÄOZg§`moJmo@{n V² + g² + Z² + `² = ËñÝ`, J² + a² + ` = ½Œ` H$mËñÝ`©_², EoH$m½Œ`_² MoË`mXr{Z &

{H«$`mH$bmn…

Jw{UVmja§ V{Û^mJ`wV_ÄOyf`m gh aÁÁdm `moO`V :

H$m¡ {H$ H$… H¥$Hy$ H¡$

H²$+A… H²$+Eo H$²+Am¡ H²$+F$ H²$+B H²$+D$

ì`ÄOZm{Z g§`moÁ` VËg§`wº$mja`wV_ÄOyf`m aoI`m `moO`V& H$² + f² nÌ_² n² + a nd© V² + a² àH$me… X² + d² {dÚm X² + `² Aj… a² + d² gÛm

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B_m{Z Ajam{U VËgå~ÕH$ÊS>mobo ñWmn`V& A, j, nm¡, _², é, B, C, H¡$, »`, _©, Zr, G$, Eo, Û Jw{UVmjam{U ì`ÄOZm{Z g§`wº$mjam{U ñdam…

Aä`mg:1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIVŸ&

1. g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ H${V dUm©… gpÝV ? 2. dUm©… H${V àH$mam… gpÝV ? 3. Jw{UVmja§ H$W§ ^d{V ? 4. g§`wŠVmja§ H$W§ ^d{V ?

2. g§`moÁ` {bIV & A Am 1. n²> \$² ~² ^² _² H$ÊR>Vmby 2. Äm² _² L>² U² Z² XÝVm… 3. E Eo A`moJdmhm¡ 4. V² W² X² Y² Z² Amoð>m¡

5. A§ A… Zm{gH$m

3. nXmZm§ dU©{d^mJ§ Hw$éVŸ& 1. A_aH$mof… = ............................................

2. AOw©Z… = ................................................

3. _ÊS>moXar = ..............................................

4. H¡$Ho$`r = ................................................

5. OZmX©Z… = ...............................................

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.

4. dU©g§`moOZoZ nX§ aM`V &

1. H$²> + C + _² + Am + a² + A + d² >+ `² + Am + g² + A…

= ......................................................................

2. ^$²> + Am + g² + H$²> + A + a²> + Am >+ M² + Am + a² + ² +

>A… = ..................................................................

5. AYmo{Z{X©ï>dUm©Z²> `Wm`mo½`§ dJuH¥$Ë` {bIVŸ&

A, B©, G$, C, d, `, V, \$, I, O, _, g, E, Am¡

ñdam… dJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z AdJu`ì`ÄOZm{Z

6. XodZmJar{bß`m {bIVŸ&

1. ÓÜÊÜìgn@ 2. ÍÜñÜáÅZ°@

Sarvajnaha Shatrughnah

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3. ÆPÜÒ$¾|@ 4. ÍÝÓÜ÷ÊÜå…

Lakshmanah Shastram Aä`mg§ Hw$éVŸ

H$ H$m {H$ H$s Hw$ Hy$ H¥$ H¦$ Šb¥ Ho$ H¡$ H$mo H$m¡ H§$ H$…

I Im [I$ ... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

J Jm .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

K .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .....

...

AdJÀN>VZ¥ÎmmdgmZo ZQ>amOamOmo ZZmX T>¸$m§ Zdn#mdma_²>Ÿ&

CÕVw©H$m_… gZH$m{X{gÕmZ²> EV{Û_e} {edgyÌOmb_²Ÿ&&

_mhoídagyÌm{U

ABCU²>Ÿ& F$b¥H$²>Ÿ& EAmoL>²Ÿ& EoAm¡M²Ÿ&

h`daQ>²Ÿ& bU²Ÿ& Äm_L>UZ_²Ÿ& P^Äm²Ÿ& KT>Yf²Ÿ&

O~JS>Xe²Ÿ& I\$N>R>WMQ>Vd²Ÿ& H$n`²Ÿ& efga²Ÿ&

hb²Ÿ&

*********

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V¥Vr` nmR>…

n[aM`…

^mfmà`moJo gå^mfU§ à_wI_² & gå^mfUo àýmoÎmam{U A{n

^dpÝV& g§ñH¥$Vo àýH$aUm` H$H$mam{XeãXm… A{YH$V`m à`wÁ`ÝVo&

CXmhaUê$noU EH$_² AmYw{ZH§$ g§ñH¥$Vgå^mfU_² AÌ àXÎm_² &

àýmW©H$eãXm…H$… Hw$Ì {H$_W©_² Hw$V…{H$_² H${V H$W_² {H$`V²

(embmn[agao JUoe: YraOoZ {_b{V)

JUoe… - A{` ^mo… ! ew^moX`… &

YraO… - A{` ^mo… ! ew^moX`… & ^dmZ² H$…?

JUoe… - Ah_² AÚ ZyVZV`m embm§ à{dï>…& ^dV… Zm_ {H$_²?

YraO… - __ Zm_ YraO… & ^dV… Zm_?

JUoe… - __ Zm_ JUoe…&

YraO… - ^dmZ² Hw$V… AmJVdmZ²?

JUoe… - Ah§ _¡gyéZJamV² AmJVdmZ² & ^dmZ² AÌ N>mÌ… dm?

YraO… - A_²! Ah_² AÌ N>mÌ… & AÌ ZJao ^dV… J¥h§ Hw$Ì A[ñV?

JUoe… - __ J¥h§ O`ZJao ApñV& ^dmZ² H$Xm embm§ à{dï>dmZ²?

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YraO… - Ah§ JVdËgao à{dï>dmZ²& {H$_Wª ^dmZ² ZJa_² AmJVdmZ²?

JUoe… - __ {nVm AÌ CÚmoJ§ àmádmZ²& AV… Ah_² AÌ AmJV…&

YraO… - ^dV… J¥ho H${V OZm… gpÝV?

JUoe… - __ J¥ho MËdma OZm… gpÝV& ^dV…?

YraO… - __ J¥ho Ah§ ^{JZr AZwO… {nVam¡ Mo{V nÄM OZm… ñ_…&

JUoe… - H$W_² ApñV Efm embm?

YraO… - CÎm_m ApñV& AÜ`mnH$m… gwðw> nmR> pÝV&

JUoe… - {H$`ÝV… N>mÌm… AÜ`mnH$m… M gpÝV?

YraO… - embm m_² AmhË {ÌeV§ N>mÌm… gpÝV& Xe AÜ mnH$m… M gpÝV&

JUoe… - nmR>çnwñVH$mZm§ _yë § {H$`V² ApñV?

YraO… - AÌ nR>çnwñVH$m{Z {ZíewëH$ê$noU Xr`ÝVo&

JUoe… - Ed§ dm? ^dV… n[aM`mV² gÝVmof… OmV… & qH$ _m§ {_ÌËdoZ

ñdrH$amo{V?

YraO… - Adí`_²& AÚ Amaä` ^dmZ² A{n __ {_Ì_² & AmJÀN>Vw

embm§ JÀN>m_…

JUoe… - Am_² & JÀN>m_… & YÝ`dmX… &

(C^m¡ J{_î`V…)

* * * *

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MVwW©… nmR>…

Zm_nX_²AW© wVoZ Ajag_yhoZ nXm{Z Om`ÝVo & nXm{Z H$ñ`{MV² dñVwZ…, Or{dZ…, JwU{deofñ` dm A{^YmZ§ Hw$d©pÝV& AV… Vm{Z Zm_nXm{Z BË wÀ`ÝVo & Zm_nXm{Z Ed ^mfm`m… _yb yVm{Z à_wIm{Z KQ>H$m{Z& ^mfmÜ``Zñ` AmXm¡ Zm_nXm{Z kmVì`m{Z B{V {Y`m Vofm§ bKw… n[aM`… AÌ àXÎm…&

Zm_~moYH$m{Z nX{Z Zm_nXm{Z& g§ñH¥$Vo {ÛdMZ_{n dV©Vo& AV… Zm_nXm{Z {Ìfw dMZofw gágw {d^{º$fw M ^dpÝV& EVm{Z {Ìfw {b“ofw nwZ… {d^º$m{Z& Zm_nXmZm§ _ybê$n§ àm{Vn{XH$_² B{V H$Ï`Vo& `Wm- am_…BË`ñ` am_, a{d… BË`ñ` a{d, {nVm BË`ñ` {nV¥ MoË`mXr{Z àm{Vn{XH$m{Z& àË oH§$ àm{Vn{XH$ñ` {d^ŠË`ZwgmaoU dMZmZwgmaoU M {d{^Þê$nm{U ^dpÝV& VW¡d àm{Vn{XH$ñ` AÝË o `Xja§ ^d{V VXÝVËdoZ Vñ` nXñ` ì`dhma… {H«$`Vo& `Wm - am_ BË oVV² AH$mamÝV§ nX_²& a{d BË oVV² BH$mamÝV§ nX_² BË`mXr{Z& H$m{ZMZ CXmhaUm{Z {XL²>_mÌm{U Bh X{e©Vm{Z&

AH$maÝV… nw§{b“… “am‘” eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ°è

«¨sÀQÛ

¥ÀævÀåAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

CxÀð Meaning

àW_m am_… am_m¡ am_m… G gÁªÀÄ£ÀÄ Rama

{ÛVr`m am__² am_m¡ am_mZ² C£ÀÄß gÁªÀÄ£À£ÀÄß To Rama

V¥Vr`m am_oU am_mä`m_² am_¡… EAzÀ gÁªÀÄ¤AzÀ By/with Rama

MVwWu am_m` am_mä`m_² am_oä`… UÉ gÁªÀÄ¤UÉ For Rama

n#m_r am_mV² am_mä`m_² am_oä`… zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ gÁªÀÄ£À

zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀFrom Rama

fð>r am_ñ` am_`mo… am_mUm_² C gÁªÀÄ£À Of Rama

gá_r am_o am_`mo… am_ofw C°è gÁªÀÄ£À°è In/on Rama

g§.à ho! am_ ho! am_m¡ ho! am_m… J¯ÉÊ J¯ÉÊ gÁªÀÄ£ÉÃ O! Rama

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Ed_² Ed AÝò gmo_^r_ewH$JOd¥jJmo{dÝXmX`… AH$mamÝVm… nw§{b“eãXm…

ko`m… &

AmH$mamÝV… ór{b‹“… "JrVm' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²àW_m JrVm JrVo JrVm…{ÛVr`m JrVm_² JrVo JrVm…V¥Vr`m JrV`m JrVmä`m_² JrVm{^…MVwWu JrVm`¡ JrVmä`m_² JrVmä`…

nÄM_r JrVm`m… JrVmä`m_² JrVmä`…fîR>r JrVm`m… JrV`mo… JrVmZm_²gá_r JrVm`m_² JrV`mo… JrVmgwgå~moYZ_² ho JrVo! ho JrVo! ho JrVm…!

Ed_² Ed _mbmbVmgrVma_m_{hbmX`… AmH$mamÝVm… ór{b“eãXm… ko m…&

AH$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b‹“… "dZ' eãX…{d^{º$… EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²àW_m dZ_² dZo dZm{Z{ÛVr`m dZ_² dZo dZm{ZV¥Vr`m dZoZ dZmä`m_² dZ¡…MVwWu dZm` dZmä`m_² dZoä`…nÄM_r dZmV² dZmä`m_² dZoä`…fð>r dZñ` dZ`mo… dZmZm_²gá_r dZo dZ`mo… dZofwgå~moYZ_² ho dZ! ho dZo ! ho dZm{Z!

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Ed_² Ed kmZ\$bZJaObH$_bmX`: AH$mamÝVm… Znw§gH${b“eãXm… ko m…&

BH$mamÝV… nw§{b‹“… "H${d' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²àW_m H${d… H$dr H$d`…{ÛVr`m H${d_² H$dr H$drZ²V¥Vr`m H${dZm H${dä`m_² H${d{^…MVwWu H$dò H${dä`m_² H${dä`…nÄM_r H$do… H${dä`m_² H${dä`…fð>r H$do… H$ì`mo… H$drZm_²gá_r H$dm¡ H$ì`mo… H${dfwgå~moYZ_² ho H$do! ho H$dr! ho H$d`…!Ed_² Ed a{de{eH$ß`mX`… BH$mamÝVm… nw{b“eãXm… ko`m…&

BH$mamÝV… ór{b‹“… "_{V' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²àW_m _{V… _Vr _V`…{ÛVr`m _{V_² _Vr _Vr…V¥Vr`m _Ë`m _{Vä`m_² _{V{^…MVwWu _Ë`¡/_Vò _{Vä`m_² _{Vä`…nÄM_r _Ë`m…/_Vo… _{Vä`m_² _{Vä`…fð>r _Ë`m…/_Vo… _Ë`mo… _VrZm_²gá_r _Ë`m_²/_Vm¡ _Ë`mo… _{Vfwgå~moYZ_² ho _Vo! ho _Vr! ho _V`…!

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Ed_² Ed H$mpÝV~w{Õ{gÜÚmX`… BH$mamÝVm… ór{b“eãXm… ko`m…&

BH$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b‹“… "dm[a' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_m dm[a dm[aUr dmar{U{ÛVr`m dm[a dm[aUr dmarUrV¥Vr`m d[aUm dm[aä`m_² dm[a{^…MVwWu dm[aUo dm[aä`m_² dm[aä`…nÄM_r dm[aU… dm{aä`m_² dm[aä`…fð>r dm[aU… dm[aUmo… dmarUm_²gá_r dm[a{U dm[aUmo… dm[afwgå~moYZ_² ho dm[a! ho dmao ho dm[aUr! ho dmar{U!Ed_² Ed A{jXÜ`mX`… BH$mamÝVm… Znw§gH${b“eãXm… ko`m…&

CH$mamÝV… nw§{b‹“… "Jwé' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_m Jwé… Jwê$ Jwad…{ÛVr`m Jwé_² Jwê$ Jwê$Z²V¥Vr`m JwéUm Jwéä`m_² Jwé{^…MVwWu Jwado Jwéä`m_² Jwéä`…nÄM_r Jwamo… Jwéä`m_² Jwéä`…fð>r Jwamo… Jwdmo©… Jwê$Um_²

gá_r Jwam¡ Jwdm}… Jwéfwgå~moYZ_² ho Jwamo! ho Jwê$! ho Jwad…!Ed_od ^mZweå^w_ZwgmYwYmËdmX`… CH$mamÝVm… nw§{ëm“e×m… ko`m…&

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CH$mamÝV… ór{b‹“… "YoZw' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_m YoZw… YoZy YoZd…{ÛVr`m YoZw_² YoZy YoZy…V¥Vr`m YoÝdm YoZwä`m_² YoZw{^…MVwWu YoÝd¡/YoZdo YoZwä`m_² YoZwä`…nÄM_r YoÝdm…/YoZmo… YoZwä`m_² YoZwä`…fð>r YoÝdm…/YoZmo… YoÝdmo… YoZyZm_²gá_r YoÝdm_²/YoZm¡ YoÝdmo… YoZwfwgå~moYZ_² ho YoZmo! ho YoZy! ho YoZd…!

Ed_od VZwH$aoÊdmX`… CH$mamÝVm… ór{ëm“eãXm… ko`m…&

CH$mamÝV… Znw§gH${b‹“… "_Yw' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²

àW_m _Yw _YwZr _Yy{Z{ÛVr`m _Yw _YwZr _Yy{ZV¥Vr`m _YwZm _Ywä`m_² _Yw{^…MVwWu _YwZo _Ywä`m_² _Ywä`…nÄM_r _YwZ… _Ywä`m_² _Ywä`…fð>r _YwZ… _YwZmo… _YyZm_²gá_r _Yw{Z _YwZmo… _Ywfwgå~moYZ_² ho _Ymo! ho _Yw ho _YwZr! ho _Yy{Z!

Ed_od Aå~wí_lw BË`mX`… CH$mamÝVm… Znw§gH${ëm“eãXm… ko`m…&

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_H$mamÝV… {Ì{b‹“H$… "{H$_²' eãX…


{b“_² nw/ór/Znw§ nw/ór/Znw§ nw/ór/Znw§

àW_m H$…/H$m/{H$_² H$m¡/Ho$/Ho$ Ho$/H$m…/H$m{Z

{ÛVr`m H$_²/H$m_²/{H$_² H$m¡/Ho$/Ho$ H$mZ²/H$m…/H$m{Z

V¥Vr`m Ho$Z/H$`m/Ho$Z H$mä`m_²/H$mä`m_²/H$mä`m_² H¡$…/H$m{^…/H¡$…

MVwWu H$ñ_¡/H$ñ`¡/H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_²/H$mä`m_²/H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`…/H$mä`…/Ho$ä`…

nÄM_r H$ñ_mV²/H$ñ`m…/H$ñ_mV² H$mä`m_²/H$mä`m_²/H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`…/H$mä`…/Ho$ä`

fð>r H$ñ`/H$ñ`m…/H$ñ` H$`mo…/H$`mo…/H$`mo… Ho$fm_²/H$mgm_²/Ho$fm_²

gá_r H$pñ_Z²/H$ñ`m_²/H$pñ_Z² H$`mo…/H$`mo…/H$`mo… Ho$fw/H$mgw/Ho$fw

gd©Zm_ {Ì{b‹“H$… VH$mamÝV…"VV²' eãX…


{b“_² nw/ór/Znw§ nw/ór/Znw§ nw/ór/Znw§

àW_m g…/gm/VV² Vm¡/Vo/Vo Vo/Vm…/Vm{Z

{ÛVr`m V_²/Vm_²/VV² Vm¡/Vo/Vo VmZ²/Vm…/Vm{Z

V¥Vr`m VoZ/V`m/VoZ Vmä`m_²/Vmä`m_²/Vmä`m_² V¡$…/Vm{^…/V¡$…

MVwWu Vñ_¡/Vñ`¡/Vñ_¡ V$mä`m_²/Vmä`m_²/Vmä`m_² Voä`…/Vmä`…/Voä`…

nÄM_r Vñ_mV²/Vñ`m…/Vñ_mV² Vmä`m_²/Vmä`m_²/Vmä`m_² Voo$ä`…/Vmä`…/Vo$ä`

fð>r Vñ`/Vñ`m…/Vñ` V`mo…/V`mo…/V`mo… Vofm_²/Vmgm_²/Vo$fm_²

gá_r Vpñ_Z²/Vñ`m_²/Vpñ_Z² V`mo…/V`mo…/V`mo… Vo$fw/Vmgw/Vofw

Ed_od `V² EVV² eãXm¡ ^dV…&

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XH$mamÝV… {Ìfw {b“ofw g_mZ… "Añ_X²' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_m Ah_² Amdm_² d`_²{ÛVr`m _m_²/_m Adm_²/Zm¡ Añ_mZ²/Z…V¥Vr`m _`m Admä`m_² Añ_m{^…MVwWu _ø_²/_o Admä`m_²/Zm¡ Añ_ä`_²/Z…nÄM_r _V² Admä`m_² Añ_V²fð>r __/_o Amd`mo…/Zm¡ Añ_mH$_²/Z…gá_r _{` Amd`mo… Añ_mgw

XH$mamÝV… {Ìfw {b“ofw g_mZ… "`wî_X²' eãX…

{d^{º$… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_m Ëd_² `wdm_² `y`_²{ÛVr`m Ëdm_²/Ëdm `wdm_²/dm_² `wî_mZ²/d…V¥Vr`m Ëd`m `wdmä`m_² `wî_m{^…MVwWu Vwä`_²/Vo `wdmä`m_²/dm_² `wî_ä`_²/d…nÄM_r ËdV² `wdmä`m_² `wî_V²fð>r Vd/Vo `wd`mo…/dm_² `wî_mH$_²/d…gá_r Ëd{` `wd`mo… `wî_mgw

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23

{H«$`mH$bmn…àW_m{d^{º$…

CXmhaU_² - (ì`mY)..................... Omb§ àgma`{V&(ì`mY… Omb§ àgma`{V&)

1) (dmë_r{H$) .................................. am_mÙ§ a{MVdmZ²&

2) (_w{Z) .................................... Aml__² AmJÀN>{V&

3) (bVm) ......................................... àdmg§ JÀN>{V&

4) (Jm¡ar) .......................................... nm`g§ H$amo{V&

5) (\$b§) ......................................... é{MH$a§ ^d{V&

6) (ZQ>) ..........................................A{^Z`§ H$amo{V&

7) (grVm) ............................................JrV§ Jm`{V&

8) (H${n) .........................................d¥j_² Amamoh{V&

9) (JO) .......................................BjwXÊS>mZ² ImX{V&

{Zññmmañ` nXmW©ñ` àmòUmS>å~amo _hmZ² &

Z {h ñdU} Üd{ZñVmÔH²$ H§$go `mÔH$² àOm`Vo &&

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24

{ÛVr`m{d^{º$…

CXmhaU_² - AmMm`©… .................. (embm) JÀN>{V&

(AmMm`©… embm§ JÀN>{V&)

1) ^º$… ........................................(Jm¡arnwÌ…) Z_{V&

2) gañdVr hñVo ................................... (drUm) Ya{V&

3) {eî`… Jwamo… ................................. (dMZ_²) lwUmo{V&

4) àVmnqgh… ............................ (^`moËnmXH$m…) A_ma`Z²&

5) H$nmoVm ................................... (n{V…) Cº$dVr&

6) VoOpñdZr ................................. (ZJa) JÀN>{V&

7) ndZ… .................................... ({dÚmb`…) JÀN>{V&

8) aoIm ............................. (nwîn_m{bH$m) a_m`¡ `ÀN>{V&

9) nmMH$… ................................... (nmH$…) H$amo{V&

10) {eew… .................................. (no{Q>H$m) CX²KmQ>`{V&

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V¥Vr`m{d^{º$…

CXmhaU_² - AmajH$… .............. (XÊS>…) VmS>`{V&

(AmajH$… XÊS>oZ VmS>`{V&)

1) Cn_Ý`w… Ym¡å`ñ` ......................(AZwJ«h…) kmZr A^dV²&

2) g¡{ZH$… ................................ (Am`wY_²) `wÕ§ H$amo{V&

3) ^maVXoe… .............................. (Aqhgm) {dœ§ O`{V&

4) CÚmZ§ ............................ (\$bnwînm{U) emo^Vo&

5) am_mÙ§ .................................. (dmë_r{H$…) a{MV_²&

6) Ah_² ................................ (CîUOb§) ñZmZ§ H$amo{_&

7) ~m{bH$m… ................................... (H$ÝXþH§$) H«$sS>pÝV&

8) a_m ......................................... (boIZr) {bI{V&

9) {dZ`… .................................. (MfH$…) jra§ {n~{V&

10) nwîn§ .................................. (gwJÝY…) emo^Vo&

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MVwWu{d^{º$…

CXmhaU_² - Cn_Ý`w… ........ (Ym¡å`…) {^jmÞ§ g_n©`{V&

(Cn_Ý`w… Ym¡å`m` {^jmÞ§ g_n©`{V&)

1) H$nmoV… ......................(ì`mY…) ñd_m§g§ `ÀN>{V&

2) Vmngr ........................... (gd©X_Z…) H«$sS>ZH§$ `ÀN>{V&

3) gmYw… .......................... ({H$amV…) Xeê$ß`H$m{U XXm{V&

4) .............. (AmYw{ZH${dkmZ§) G$frUm§ `moJXmZ_² An[a{_V_²&

5) Aa{dÝX…................................. (godH$…) YZ§ `ÀN>{V&

6) _mVm .................................... (nwÌr) nwñVH§$ XXm{V&

7) ~m{bH$m ............................ (_{hbm) H$L²>H$U§ Xmñ`{V&

8) {MXmZÝX… ............................... ({_Ì§) boIZt XXm{V&

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n#m_r{d^{º$…

CXmhaU_² - ì`mY… H$nmoVm§ ....... (nÄOa) {d_mo{MVdmZ²&

(ì`mY… H$nmoVm§ nÄOamV²-{d_mo{MVdmZ²&)

1) N>mÌm… ......................(J¥h…) H«$sS>m“U§ JÀN>mpÝV&

2) Cn_Ý`w…................................ (dZ§) Z AmJVdmZ²&

3) A{œZrHw$_mam¡ ......................... (XodbmoH$…) AmJVdÝVm¡&

4) nUª ............................ (d¥j…) nV{V&

5) ^`moËnmXH$m… ............................ ({dXoe…) AmJÀN>pÝV&

6) N>mÌm… .............................. ({dÚmb`…) J¥h§ JÀN>pÝV&

7) godH$… ............................. (dm{Q>H$m) nwîn_² AmZ`{V&

8) Jm`Ìr ...................... (ZXr) Ob_² AmZr` nmH§$ H$amo{V&

9) __ {_Ì§ ................................... (Jm«_…) AmJÀN>{V&

10) Ëd_² ................................ (_pÝXa§) erK«_² AmJÀN>&

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fð>>r{d^{º$…

CXmhaU_² - Amé{U….............. (Ym¡å`…) {eî`…&

(Amé{U… Ym¡å`ñ` {eî`…&)

1) ................................(àVmnqgh…) _mVwb… Xoe^º$… &

2) ............................... (M¡Ì_mg…) AZÝVa§ d¡emI_mg…&

3) bVm .......................................... (gwOmVm) gIr&

4) ì`mYoZ ................................ (H$nmoVm) n{V… J¥hrV…&

5) am_ñ` AmXe©JwUm… .............. (am_mÙ_²) ~mbH$mÊS>o gpÝV&

6) am_ñ`.................................. (OZZr) Zm_ H$m¡gë`m&

7) __ ({_Ì_²) ...................................... Zm_ gwaoe…&

8) __ (AL²>H$Zr) ................................... Zm_ Aßgam&

9) ............................ (g§ñH¥$V_²) AZwam{JU… gd©Ì gpÝV&

10) .................................... (a_m) n{V… ^JdmZ² {dîUw&

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gá_r{d^{º$…

CXmhaU_² - Cn_Ý`w… ................ (Hy$n…) nV{V&

(Cn_Ý`w… Hy$no nV{V&)

1) am_Zd_r ................................(M¡Ì_mg…) ^{dî`{V&

2) H$nmoV… ...................................... (Omb_²) n{VV…&

3) _rZ… ............................................ (ZXr) ApñV&

4) XeaW… .......................... (A`moÜ`m) emgZ§ H$amo{V ñ_&

5) {eî`… ................................. (Jwé…) ^{º$§ àXe©`{V&

6) gwYmIÊS>… ................................. (CËnr{R>H$m) ApñV&

7) nwñVH§$ .......................................... (ñ`yV…) dV©Vo&

8) ^«_a… ....................................... (nwîn§) Cn{de{V&

9) AÜ`mnH$… ............................... (H¥$îU\$bH§$) {bI{V&

10) N>mÌm… ........................................ (embm) gpÝV&

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Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎmaV&

1. Zm_nX§ Zm_ {H$_²?

2. Zm_nXñ` _ybê$n§ {H$_²?

3. am_… BË`ñ` àm{Vn{XH§$ {H$_²?

4. Jwé… BËòVV² nX_² H$pñ_Z² {b“o dV©Vo?

2. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIV&

1. am_… _________ _________ 2. adò _________ _________ 3. H$ñ` _________ _________ 4. Ah_² _________ _________3. {b“{d^{º$dMZm{Z {bIV&

1. am_o 2. bVm`¡ 3. \$bofw 4. Jwéä`: 5. H$`m o:

6. _Vr

4. MVwWª nX§ {bIV &

1. _Yw - Znw§gH${b“: $ YoZw… - ________ 2. _`m - Añ_m{^… $ H$`m - ________ 3. Ëdm_² - {ÛVr`m{d^{º$… $ _{` - ________ 5. Vmä`m_² - [ÛdMZ_² $ Vofw - ________

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g_w{MVnXoZ [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V&

1. nX_² àm{Vn{XH$_² AÝV: Cn_Ý`w: Cn_Ý`w CH$mamÝV: àmW©Zm Jm¡ar{eî`: ^`moËnmXH$: H${d:Jwé: >_{V: am_ñ`

2. nX_² dMZ_²

N>mÌ¡: ~hþdMZ_² ZmaX: AaÊ`_² G$Vd:

H${dä`m_² Jm¡ar:

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3. nX_² {d^{º$: {eî`ñ` fð>r {d^{ŠV:N>mÌofwJmo{dÝXm`Vñ_¡

H$nmoVm`m: nmR>embm_²

4. EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_² H$ñ_mV² H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:

Vofm_² {eî`¡:

H$do: ì`mYmä`m_²

gd©X_Zñ`

AdYo`m§e:

gd©Zm_eãXm:

XH$maÝV: nw§{b“: "VX²' eãX: _H$maÝV: nw§{b“:

"{H$_²' eãX: {d^{º$: EH$ {Û ~hþ EH$ {Û ~hþ àW_m g: Vm¡ Vo H$: H$m¡ Ho$ {ÛVr`m V_² Vm¡ VmZ² H$_² H$m¡ H$mZ²V¥Vr`m VoZ Vmä`m_² V¡: Ho$Z H$mä`m_² H¡$:

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MVwWu Vñ_¡ Vmä`m_² Voä`: H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`: n#m_r Vñ_mV² Vmä`m_² Voä`: H$ñ_mV² H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:fð>r Vñ` V`mo: Vofm_² H$ñ` H$`mo: Ho$fm_² gá_r Vpñ_Z² V`mo: Vofw H$pñ_Z² H$`mo: Ho$fw

XH$maÝV: ór{b“ "VX²' eãX: _H$maÝV: ór{b“ "{H$_²' eãX:

{d^{º$: EH$ {Û ~hþ EH$ {Û ~hþ àW_m gm Vo Vm: H$m Ho$ H$m: {ÛVr`m Vm_² Vo Vm: H$m_² Ho$ H$m: V¥Vr`m V`m Vmä`m_² Vm{^: H$`m H$mä`m_² H$m{^: MVwW©r Vñ`¡ Vmä`m_² Vmä`: H$ñ`¡ H$mä`m_² H$mä`: n#m_r Vñ`m: Vmä`m_² Vmä`: H$ñ`m: H$mä`m_² H$mä`:fð>r Vñ`m: V`mo: Vmgm_² H$ñ`m: H$`mo: H$mgm_² gá_r Vñ`m_² V`mo: Vmgw H$ñ`m_² H$`mo: H$mgw

XH$maÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "VX²'eãX: _H$maÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "{H$_²' eãX:

{d^{º$: EH$ {Û ~hþ EH$ {Û ~hþ àW_m VV² Vo Vm{Z [H$_² Ho$ H$m{Z{ÛVr`m VV² Vo Vm{Z [H$_² Ho$ H$m{ZV¥Vr`m VoZ Vmä`m_² V¡: Ho$Z H$mä`m_² H¡$: MVwW©r Vñ_¡ Vmä`m_² Voä`: H$ñ_¡ H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:

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n#m_r Vñ_mV² Vmä`m_² Voä`: H$ñ_mV² H$mä`m_² Ho$ä`:fð>r Vñ` V`mo: Vofm_² H$ñ` H$`mo: Ho$fm_² gá_r Vpñ_Z² V`mo: Vofw H$pñ_Z² H$`mo: Ho$fw

XH$mamÝV: {Ìfw {b“ofw g_mZ: "Añ_X²' eãX:

EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_² Ah_² £Á£ÀÄ I

Amdm_² £Á«§âgÀÄ we both

d`_² £ÁªÀÅ we all

_m_² (_m) £À£Àß£ÀÄß me

Amdm_², (Zm¡) £À«Ää§âgÀ£ÀÄß we both

Ag_mZ² (Z:)£ÀªÀÄä£ÀÄß we all

_`m£À¤ßAzÀ By me

Amdmä`m_² £À«Ää§âjAzÀ By both of

us

Añ_m{^: £À«ÄäAzÀ By us

_ø_² (_o) £À£ÀUÉ For me

Amdmä`m_² (Zm¡) £À«Ää§âjUÉ For both of

us

Añ_ä`_² (Z:) £ÀªÀÄUÉ For all of us

_V² £À£Àß zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ From me

Amdmä`m_² £À«Ää§âgÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ

From both of us

Añ_V² £ÀªÀÄä zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ

From all of us

__², (_o) £À£Àß of me/mine/my

Amd`mo:, (Zm¡) £À«Ää§âgÀ of both of us

Añ_mH$_² (Z:) £ÀªÀÄä ours

_{` £À£Àß°è in me

Amd`mo: £À«Ää§âgÀ°è in both of us

Añ_mgw £ÀªÀÄä°è in all of us

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XH$mamÝV: {Ìfw {b“ofw g_mZ: "`wî_X²' eãX:

EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_² Ëd_²

¤Ã£ÀÄ You`wdm_²

¤Ã«§âgÀÄ You both`y`_²

¤ÃªÀÅ you all

Ëdm_², (Ëdm) ¤£Àß£ÀÄß You

`wdm_², (dm_²) ¤«Ää§âgÀ£ÀÄß You both

`wî_mZ² (d:)¤ªÀÄä£ÀÄß You all

Ëd`m¤¤ßAzÀ By You

`wdmä`m_² ¤«Ää§âjAzÀ By You

both

`wî_m{^:¤«ÄäAzÀ By You all

Vwä`_² (Vo) ¤£ÀUÉ For You

`wdmä`m_² (dm_²) ¤«Ää§âjUÉ For both of

You

`wî_ä`_², (d:) ¤ªÀÄUÉ For You all

ËdV² ¤£Àß zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ From You

`wdmä`m_² ¤«Ää§âgÀ zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ

From both of You

`î_V² ¤ªÀÄä zÉ¸É¬ÄAzÀ

From all of You Vd, (Vo) ¤£Àß of You

(Yours)

`wd`mo: (dm_²) ¤«Ää§âgÀ of You both

`wî_mH$_² (d:) ¤ªÀÄä You all

(Yours)

Ëd{` ¤£Àß°è in You

`wd`mo: ¤«Ää§âgÀ°è in both of

You

`wî_mgw ¤ªÀÄä°è in You all

* AmdaUo XÎm§ nX_² Cn`wÁ` dmŠ`§ Hw$d©ÝVw &

1. Ah§ Z_m{_ & (Jwé…)

2. {H$aUm: àIam: & (^mZw:)

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3. jra§ _Ywa_² ApñV & (YoZw:)

4. Ah§ ñdrH$amo{_ & (_Yw)

5. H$m`ª {H«$`Vo & (Ah_²)

6. Zm_ Jmonmb: & (Ah_²)

7. Jwé: bmoIZt XXm{V ? ({H$_²)

8. Zm_ {H$_²? (Ëd_²)

9. ñdgm J¥h§ JÀN>{V & (_mVm)

10. g: YZ§ `ÀN>{V & ({nVm)

* CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`m{Z {bIÝVw &

1. Ah§ N>mÌ: Apñ_ & Amdm§ N>mÌm¡ ñd: & d`§ N>mÌm: ñ_: &

2. Ah§ ~m{bH$m Apñ_ &

................................................................&

................................................................&

3. Ah§ Jwé: Apñ_ &

................................................................&

................................................................&

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4. Ah§ ^«mVm Apñ_ &

...............................................................&

................................................................&

* `mo½`{d^{º$ê$nmUm§ `moOZoZ dmŠ`m{Z aM{`Ëdm, [aº$ñWmZo {bIVw &

`Wm- __ YZ§ ñdrH$amoVw &

1. .........................................................&

2. ........................................................>Ÿ&

3. .....................................................>....&

4. .....................................................>....&

5. .....................................................>....&

6. .....................................................>....&

7. .....................................................>....&

G$Vwì`©VrV: n[adV©Vo nwZ:

j`§ à`mVm nwZao{V MÝÐ_m&

JV§ JV§ Z¡d Vw g§{ZdV©Vo

Ob§ ZXrZm§ M Z¥Um§M `m¡dZ_²&&

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n#m_… nmR>… F$Vwndm©{U

^maVr`H$mbJUZm`m§ AmhË` ÛmXe _mgm… gpÝV& àË oH§$ _mgÛ`ñ`

EH$… G$Vw… d{V& Vofw F$Vwfw AmM`©_mUmZm§ à_wInd©{XZmZm§ n[aM`…

AÌ àXÎm…&

(AÜ`m{nH$m H$ú`m§ à{de{V& N>mÌm… gd} C{Îmð>pÝV&)

N>mÌm… - gwà^mV§ _hmoXò&

AÜ`m{nH$m - gwà^mV_²& Cn{deÝVw& AÚ Ah§ ZdrZ{df`_² EH§$

nmR>`m{_& ^dV… gdm©Z² CÚmZ§ Z`m{_& VÌ àH¥$Vo…

emo^m§ Xe©`m{_&

N>mÌm… - ^dVw _hmoXò! d`_² A{n ~{h… JÝVw_² BÀN>m_…&

AÜ`m{nH$m - gd} AmJÀN>ÝVw&

(gd} CÚmZ§ JÀN>pÝV)

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amOoe… - ní`! ní` ! VÌ dU©am{ÄOVm{Z nwînm{U gpÝV&

g_ra… - Am_²& dm`w… A{n _ÝX§ _ÝX§ dm{V&

Hw$_ma… - Ah§ {MÝV`m{_ gm`L²>H$mbo d¥{ï>… ^{dî`{V B{V&

Omogo\²$ - BXmZt df©V©w… {H$_² ?

AÜ`m{nH$m - Z, Z& BXmZt dgÝVVw©…& qH$ ^dmZ² G$VyZm§ {dfò Z

OmZm{V?

~mXb² - Am_² _hmoXò! BXmZt ñ_am{_& __ _mVm Cº$dVr

AmgrV²&

bVm - _hmoXò! EVofm_² G$VyZm§ {dfò kmVw_² BÀN>m{_&

N>mÌm… - d`_² A{n BÀN>m_…&

AÜ`m{nH$m - AñVw H«$_e… dXm{_& gd©ñ`mXm¡ ^d{V dgÝVVw©…&

Ef… F$$VyZm§ amOm B{V H$Ï`Vo& Añ` AmJ_ZoZ

àH¥${V… \$bnwîn¡… emo^Vo& JJZ§ {Z_©b§ ^d{V&

VQ>mHo$fw ewÕ§ Ob§ {damOVo& AV… A`_² G$Vw…

loð>V_…& ^maVr`mZm_² EVV² ZyVZdfm©aå^{XZ_²&

gbr_² - AV… Ed EVV² CÚmZ§ emo^Vo Ibw?

AÜ`m{nH$m - qH$ {dñ_¥V§ dm? A{J«_… F$$Vw… J«rî_…& J«rî_o

AmVn… àIa… ^d{V& A`§§ K_©H$mb…& J«rî_Vm}…

AÝË`g_ò AmH$meo _oKm… ^dpÝV& Apñ_Z² G$Vm¡

{deofnd©{XZm{Z Z gpÝV&

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bVm - Am_²& VXm K_©H$mb{dam_… ^d{V&

AÜ`m{nH$m - ho N>mÌm…! A{J«_… F$Vw… H$…?

Hw$_ma… - Ah§ dXm{_& df©V©w… {H$b&

AÜ`m{nH$m - Am_²& J«rî_mZÝVa§ df©V©w…& EVpñ_Z² F$Vm¡ _oKm…

JO©pÝV df©pÝV M& d¥îQ>çm gd©Ì Ob§ Ñí`Vo& ZÚ…

ObnyUm©… àdhpÝV M& df©Vm£ {deof… dV©Vo& OmZpÝV

dm?

N>mÌm… - Z, Z& dXVw _hmoXò&

AÜ`m{nH$m - lmdUny{U©_m`m§ g§ñH¥$V{XZ§ gd©Ì AmM`©Vo&

N>mÌm… - _hmZ² gÝVmof…& d`_² A{n embm`m§ g§ñH¥$V{XZ_² AmMam_…&

AÜ`m{nH$m - A{J«_… F$Vw… eaV²& Apñ_Z² d¥{ï>H$mb… g_má… ^d{V& gdÌ h[aVdU©gñ`m{Z Ñí`ÝVo& amÌm¡ MÝÐ… gå`H²$ àH$meVo&

eaÑVmo… g_ÝVa§ ho_ÝVV©w… ^d{V& A`§ e¡Ë`H$mb…& àmV… amÌm¡ M AË`{YH§$ e¡Ë`§ ^d{V& VW¡d Apñ_Z² G$Vm¡ _H$agL²>H«$mpÝV… AmM`©Vo&

g_ra… - _H$agL²>H«$_U_² Añ_mH§$ J«m_o AË`ÝV§ d¡^doZ AmMapÝV& ApÝV_… {e{ea… Ibw?

AÜ`m{nH$m - gË`_²& A`§ e¡Ë`ñ` AÝË`H$mb…& d¥jm… nU©{dhrZm… Ñí`ÝVo& dm`w… _hVm doJoZ dm{V& Apñ_Z² {edam{Ìnd© AmM`©Vo&

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à{V_m - Ed§ dm? ^maVo G$VyZm_² AmYmaoU nd©{XZm{Z AmMapÝV dm?

AÜ`m{nH$m - gË`_²& Bñbm§ Y_u`m… H«¡$ñVY_u`m… A{n H$mbmZwgmaoU Vofm§ ndm©{U AmMapÝV&

N>mÌm… - AÚ d`_² F$VyZ² M kmVdÝV…& YÝ`dmXm…&

AÜ`m{nH$m - AñVw& g_`… AVrV…& embm§ JÀN>m_…&

({ZîH«$mÝVm… gd})

eãXmWm©…

emo^m - H$mpÝV…, Úw{V… VQ>mH$_²> - H$mgma…CÚmZ_²> - CndZ_²> ga… - gamoda…nwîn_²> - gw__²>, Hw$gw__²> Ob_²> - Vmo`_²>, CXH$_²>, g{bb_²>g_ra… - dm`w… ^«_a… - ^¥“…, fQ²>nX…df©_²> - d¥{ï>… Am_«d¥j… - ghH$mad¥j…BXmZr_²> - AYwZm {nH$… - H$mo{H$b…, na^¥V²>loð>… - CÎm_… Aä`“ñZmZ_²>- V¡bñZmZ_²>

{Z_©b_²> - ewÕ_²>, ñdÀN>_²> ñdm{Xï>_²> - é{MH$a_²>

AmH$me… - JJZ_²> à{V`mo{JVm - ñnYm©

Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV Ÿ&

1. N>mÌm… gd} Hw$Ì JÀN>pÝV ? 2. F$Vd… H${V ^dpÝV ?

3. F$VyZm§ amOm H$… ?

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2. H$moï>Ho$ XÎm§ nX§ {MËdm [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&

(\$bnwîn¡…, dmVm©bmn…, _ÝX§ _ÝX§)

1. nañna§ ................................. Ed gå^mfU_²Ÿ&

2. CÚmZo dm`w: ............................ dm{V&

3. dgÝVVm}… AmJ_ZoZ àH¥${V… ......................emo^VoŸ&

3. {dbmo_nX§ nmR>mV²> {MËdm {bIV & `Wm - àmMrZ_² X ZdrZ_²

1. AÝV… X ...............

2. Xw…I_² >X ...............

3. {ZéËgmh… X ...............

4. AnÏ`_²> X ...............

5. AgË`_²> X ...............

4. gpÝY¨ {d^Á` Zm_ {bIVŸ&

`Wm - df©V©w… = dfm© + F$Vw… = JwUgpÝY…Ÿ&

1. àdmgmW©_²> = ............ + ............ = ............Ÿ&

2. gdm}Îm_… = ............. + ............. = .............Ÿ&

3. dgÝVVw©… = .............. + ............. = ............Ÿ&

4. {d^mJmo@pñV = ........... + ............ = ............Ÿ&

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6. `Wm{ZX}e§ {bIVŸ&

1. dm`w… A{n _ÝX§ _ÝX§ dm{VŸ&

H$: nmR>: ? H$: dX{V? H§$ dX{V?

2. _ø§ df©Vw©… amoMVoŸ&

H$: nmR>: ? H$: dX{V? H$m§ dX{V?

3. ^maVr`mZm_²> EVV²> ZyVZdf©maå^{XZ_²>&

H$: nmR>: ? H$m dX{V? H§$ dX{V?

4. d`_{n embm`m§ g§ñH¥$V{XZ_² AmMam_:&

H$: nmR>: ? H$Xm g§ñH¥$V{XZ§ ^d{V?

7. Am_²> dm Z B{V {bIVŸ&

CXm- F$Vd… gá gpÝVŸ& Z 1. gd©ñ`mXm¡ ^d{V dg§VV©w:Ÿ&

2. J«rî_mZÝVa§ eaÑVw: ^d{VŸ&

3. eaX¥Vmo g_ZÝVa§ ho_ÝVV©w: ^d{V&

4. {e{ea F$Vm¡ d¥jm: nU©{dhrZm Ñí`ÝVo&

8. Xe{ … dmŠ ¡… CÎma§ H$Um©Q>H$ mf m Am“²>b mf m dm {bIVŸ& 1. fS²> F$Vd… Ho$ ? dgÝV>F$Vw§ dU©`VŸ&

*******

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{H«$`mH$bmn…`Wm- M¡Ìd¡emIm¡-dgÝVV©w…

_mgm¡ F$Vw…

1) ÁòðmfmT>m¡ .........................

2) lmdU^mÐnXm¡ .........................

3) Amœ`wOH$m{V©H$m¡ .........................

4) _mJ©{eanwî`m¡ .........................

5) _mK\$mëJwUm¡ .........................

nX~ÝY§ nya`V &

2 _ {Ì:_

1

5 Ì_²34

nm6 n #m

1) lram_ñ` OÝ_{XZ_²>Ÿ& 2) Efm am[Ì: {edñ` AmamYZm` ApñVŸ& 3) dU©a{ÄOV§ nd© EVV²>Ÿ& 4) XrnmZm_²>Ÿ Amd{b…Ÿ& 5) BX§ nd© Zd{XZn`©ÝV§ àMb{VŸ& 6) M¡Ì_mgñ` n#må`m§ {VWm¡ EVV²> nd© ^d{V&

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fð>… nmR>…g§»`m

^mfmà`moJo gL²>»`meãXmZm§ ñWmZ§ à_wI_²& g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ gL²>»`m… nÄMYm à wÁ`ÝVo& Vo gL²>»`màH$mam… AÌ àXÎmm…&

01. g§»`mdmMH$m…

ò M eãXm… g§»`m§ dXpÝV Vo g§»`mdmMH$m…&

1. EH$_²

2. Ûo

3. Ìr{U

4. MËdm[a

5. n#m

6. fQ²>

7. gá

8. Aï>/Aï>m¡

9. Zd

10. Xe

11. EH$mXe

12. ÛmXe

13. Ì`moXe

14. MVwX©e

15. n#mXe

16. fmoS>e

17. gáXe

18. Aï>mXe

19. ZdXe/EH$moZqde{V:

20. qde{V…

21. EH$qde{V:

22. Ûmqde{V:

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23. Ì`moqde{V:

24. MVw{dªe{V:

25. n#mqde{V:

26. fS²>qde{V:

27. gáqde{V:

28. Aï>mqde{V:

29. Zdqde{V:/EH$moZqÌeV²

30. qÌeV²

31. EH$qÌeV²

32. ÛmqÌeV²

33. Ì`qóeV²

34. MVwqóeV²

35. n#mqÌeV²

36. fQ²>qÌeV²

37. gáqÌeV²

38. Aï>mqÌeV²

39. ZdqÌeV²/EH$moZMËdm[aëV²

40.MËdm[aëV²

41. EH$MËdm[aeV²

42. {ÛMËdm[aëV²

43. {ÌMËdm[aëV²

44. MVwíMËdm[aëV²

45. n#mMËdm[aëV²

56. fQ²>MËdm[aëV²

47. gáMËdm[aëV²

48. Aï>MËdm[aëV²

49. ZdMËdm[aëV²/EH$moZn#mmeV²

50. n#mmeV²

60. f{ð>:

70. gá{V:

80. Aer{V:

90. Zd{V:

100. eV_²

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02. g§»ò`dmMH$m…

ò M g§»`mdmMH$m… H$_{n dñVw{deof§ dXpÝV Vo g§»ò`dmMH$m…& EVo {Ìfw {b“ofw ^dpÝV&

nw§{b“… ór{b“… Znw§gH${b“…EH$… EH$m EH$_²Ûm¡ Ûo ÛoÌ`… {Vó… ÌrUrMËMma… MVò… MËdm[a

VXZÝVa§ {b“ ôX… ZmpñV

nw§{b“… ór{b“… Znw§gH${b“…n#m n#m n#mfQ²> fQ²> fQ²>gá gá gá

CXmhaUdmŠ`m{Z

nw§{b“… ór{b“… Znw§gH${b“…

01. EH$… ~mbH$: ApñV& EH$m ~m{bH$m ApñV& EH§$ \$b_² ApñV

02. Ûm¡ ~mbH$m¡ ñV…& Ûo ~m{bHo$ ñV…& Ûo \$bo ñV…&

03. Ì`… ~mbmH$m: gpÝV& {Vó: ~m{bH$m… gpÝV& Ìr{U \$bm{Z gpÝV&

04. MËdma… ~mbH$m… gpÝV& MVó… ~m{bH$m…gpÝV& MËdm[a \$bm{Z gpÝV&

AV… na§ {b“ôX… ZmpñV&

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03. H«$_dmMH$m…

- ò M eãXm… g§»`mZwgma§ H«$_§ dXpÝV Vo H«$_dmMH$m…& EVo@{n {Ìfw {b“ofw ^dpÝV&

nw§{b“o ór{b“o Znw§gH${b“o1. àW_: àW_m àW__² 2. {ÛVr`: {ÛVr`m {ÛVr`_² 3. V¥Vr`: V¥Vr`m V¥Vr`_² 4. MVwW©: MVwWu MVwW©_² 5. n#m_: n#m_r n#m__² 6. fð>: fð>r fð>_²7. gá_: gá_r gá__² 8. Aï>_: Aï>_r Aï>__² 9. Zd_: Zd_r Zd__² 10. Xe_: Xe_r Xe__² 11. EH$mXe: EH$mXer EH$mXe_² 12. ÛmXe: ÛmXer ÛmXe_² 13. Ì`moXe: Ì`moXer Ì`moXe_² 14. MVwX©e: MVwX©er MVwX©e_² 15. n#mXe: n#mXer n#mXe_² 16. fmoS>e: fmoS>er fmoS>e_² 17. gáXe: gáXer gáXe_² 18. Aï>mXe: Aï>mXer Aï>mXe_² 19. ZdXe: ZdXer ZdXe_² 20. qde{VV_: qde{VV_r qde{VV__²

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04. g_`dmMH$m:

ò M g§»`meãXm… g_`§ {Z{X©epÝV Vo g_`dmMH$m… & CXm

01. n#mdmXZ_² - 5.00

02. gnmXn#mdmXZ_² - 05.15

03. gmY©n#mdmXZ_² - 05.30

04. nmXmoZ fQ²>dmXZ_² - 04-45

05. n#m-D$Z n#mdmXZ_² - 05-55

06. n#m-A{YH$-n#mdmXZ_² - 05-05

Ed_od EH$dmXZ{ÛdmXZ{ÌdmXZmX`… kmVì`m…&

05.n[a_mUdmMH$m…

ò g§»`m… dñVw{deofñ` n[a_mU§ dXpÝV Vo n[a_mUdmMH$m…

01. AY©_² = 12

02. nyU©_² = 01

01. nmX_² =14 02. nmXmoZmEH$_² =

34

{H«$`mH$bmn…

EVm{Z g§»`mdmMH$m{Z nXê$noU {bIV&

`Wm - 15 g n#mXe &

1. 40 ........................ 2. 48 ........................

3. 35 ........................ 4. 21 ........................

5. 18 ........................ 6. 08 ........................

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7. 27 ........................ 8. 39 ........................

9. 12 ........................ 10. 43 ........................

CXmhaUmZwJwU§ g_`_² Aja¡… {bIÝVw &

CXmhaU_² - {ÌdmXZ_² ................... ...................

CXmhaU_² - gnmX{ÌdmXZ_² ................... ...................

CXmhaU_² - gmY©{ÌdmXZ_² ................... ...................

{MÌmZwJwU§ g_`_² Aja¡… {bIÝVw&

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Aä`mg§ Hw$éV Ÿ

ànaø… f naø… f ø… f AÚ g œ…g naœ…g ànaœ…

AÚ gmo_dmga…ø… ^mZwdmga…

naø… .....ànaø… .....

œ… _“bdmga:naœ… .....

ànaœ… .....

* * * *

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gá_… nmR>…

J{VñËd§ ^dm{Zg§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ JmZ`mo½`m{Z ñVmoÌm{U ~hÿ{Z gpÝV& gabm ^mfm e¡br M

EVofm§ d¡{eîQ>ç_²& EVmÑemZm§ ñVmoÌmUm§ Jm`ZoZ {MÎmew[Õ… ^JdØ{º$…

H$Um©ZÝX… _Zmo„mg… M bä`ÝVo& Vofw ñVmoÌofw à{gÕ_² EH§$ ñVmoÌmï>H$_²

AÌ àXÎm_²&

Z VmVmo Z _mVm Z ~ÝYwZ© XmVmZ nwÌmo Z nwÌr Z ¥Ë`mo Z ^Vm© &Z Om`m Z {dÚm Z d¥{Îm_©_¡d

J{VñËd§ J{VñËd§ Ëd_oH$m ^dm{Z &&1&&

^dmãYmdnmao _hmXþ…I^ré… ànmV… àH$m_r àbmo r à_Îm…&

Hw$g§gmanmeà~ÕñgXmh§J{VñËd§ J{VñËd§ Ëd_oH$m ^dm{Z &&2&&

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àOoe§ a_oe§ _hoe§ gwaoe§{XZoe§ {ZerWoœa§ dm H$Xm{MV² &Z OmZm{_ MmÝ`V² gXmh§ eaÊ o


Hw$H$_u Hw$g“r Hw$~w{Õ… Hw$Xmg…Hw$bmMmahrZ… H$XmMmabrZ… &Hw$Ñ{ï>… Hw$dmŠ`à~ÝYñgXmh§


Z OmZm{_ XmZ§ Z M Ü`mZ`moJ§Z OmZm{_ VÝÌ§ Z M ñVmoÌ_ÝÌ§&Z OmZm{_ nyOm§ Z g§Ý`mg`moJ§


Z OmZm{_ nwÊ § Z OmZm{_ VrWªZ OmZm{_ _w{º$… b § dm H$Xm{MV² &Z OmZm{_ ^qº$ d«V§ dm{n _mV…


{ddmXo {dfmXo à_mXo àdmgoObo MmZbo nd©Vo eÌw_Ü o &AaÊ o eaÊ o gXm _m§ ànm{h


AZmWmo X{aÐmo OamamoJ wº$mo_hm{IÞXrZñgXmOmS>çdŠÌ$: &{dnÎmm¡ à{dï>… àUï>ñgXmh§


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Aä`mg…

1. [aŠVñWmZm{Z nya`VŸ&

1. ànmV: àH$m_r ................... à_Îm: &

2. Z nwÌmo Z nwÌr ................... Z ^Vm©

3. Z ................... MmÝ`V² gXmh§ eaÊò &

4. Z OmZm{_ ................... d«V§ dm{n _mV: &

5. J{VñËd§ J{VñËd§ ................... ^dm{Z &

2. n`m©`nX§ {bIVm &

1. ApãY… 2. {ZerWoída… 3. Ob_² 4. AaÊ`_² 5. AZb…

3. {déÕnX§ {bIV & 1. ^ré… 2. à_Îm… 3. Hw$~w{Õ… 4. eÌw… 5. {dn{Îm…

4. ñÌr{b“én§ {bIV & 1. nwÌ… 2. ^Vm© 3. VmV… 4. XmVm5. g§`moO`V & A Am 1. nwÌ… A) {ÛVr`m {d^{º$ 2. gwaoe_² Am) àW_m {d^{º$: 3. {dnVm¡ B) gä~moYZ àW_m {d^{º$… 4. ^dm{Z B©) gá_r {d^{º$…

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6. íbmoH$mZm§ VmËn ª H$ÞS> mf`m AmL²>½b^mf`m dm {bIV &

^dmãYmdnmao _hmXþ…I^ré…

ànmV… àH$m_r àbmo r à_Îm…&

Hw$g§gmanmeà~ÕñgXmh§

J{VñËd§ J{VñËd§ Ëd_oH$m ^dm{Z &&

Hw$H$_u Hw$g“r Hw$~w{Õ… Hw$Xmg…

Hw$bmMmahrZ… H$XmMmabrZ… &

Hw$Ñ{ï>… Hw$dmŠ`à~ÝYñgXmh§


AZmWmo X{aÐmo OamamoJ wº$mo

_hm{IÞXrZñgXmOmS>çdŠÌ$: &

{dnÎmm¡ à{dï>… àUï>ñgXmh§


1.

2.

3.

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Aï>_… nmR>…

gpÝY…

dUm©Zm_² AË`ÝV§ gm_rß § gpÝY… BË wÀ`Vo & gÝYm¡ ¹${MV²

dU©ì`Ë`mg… dU©bmon… dm Om`Vo& gpÝYJVdUm©Zm_² AmYmaoU gÝY`… {ÌYm

{d^º$m…&

gpÝY…

ñdagpÝY… ì`ÄOZgpÝY… {dgJ©gpÝY…

ñdagpÝY…

Apñ_Z² df} nmR>mWª ñdagÝY`… àXÎmm… & ñdadUm©Zm§ ñWmZo Om`_mZ… ì`Ë`mg… bmonmo dm ñdagpÝY… B{V H$Ï`Vo&

ñdagpÝY…

gdU©XrK©gpÝY… JwUgpÝY… d¥{ÕgÝpÝY… Ù²gpÝY…

01. gdU©XrK©gpÝY… : A, B, C, F$, EVofm§ dUm©Zm§ g_mZdU©o nao XrK©… EH$mXoe… ^d{V& Ef… gdU©XrK©gpÝY…&

A/Am + A/Am = Am

B/B© + B/B© = B©

C/D$ + C/D$ = D$

F$/G$ + F$/G$ = G

CXm- ~mb + AnamY… = ~mbmnamY…

A + A = Am

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{dÚm+Amb`… = [dÚmb`… _w{Z+BÝÐ… = _wZrÝÐ…

Jm¡ar+B©e… = Jm¡are… Jwé+CnXoe… = Jwê$nXoe…

gmYw+CdmM = gmYydmM _mV¥+F$U_² = _mV¦U_²

02. JwUgpÝY… - A. Am BË oV`mo… dU© mo… B/B©, C/D$, F$/G$ BË oVofw naofw H«$_mV², E, Amo, Aa² Mo{V dUm©… EH$mXoem ^dpÝV& Ef… JwUgpÝY…&

B/B©=E

A/Am + C/D$=Amo

F$/G$=Aa²

CXm : Xod + BÝÐ… = XodoÝÐ…

A + B = E

JU+B©e… = JUoe… gy © + CX`… = gy m}X`…

Mbm + D${_©… = Mbmo{_©… gá+F$f`… = gáf© …

_hm + F${f… = _h{f©…

03. d¥{ÕgpÝY… -

A/Am BË oV`mo… dU© mo… E/Eo, Amo/Am¡ MoË ofw dU}fw naofw H«$_mV² Eoo, Am¡ dUm¡ © AmXoem¡ ^dV… Ef… d¥{ÕgpÝY… &

E / Eo = EoA/Am +

Amo+Am¡ = Am¡

CXm… - EH$ + EH$_² = EH¡$H$_²

A + E = Eo

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^md + EoŠ`_² = ^md¡Š`_² {dÚm + EH$m = {dÚ¡H$m

{Xd + AmoH$g… = {Xdm¡H$g… ~mbm + Amoð>… = ~mbm¡ð>…

{Xì` + Am¡fY_² = {Xì`m¡fY_²

04. Ù² gpÝY…-

B/B©, C/D$ F$/G$, b¥ M¡Vofm§ dUm©Zm§ Ag_mZdU©o nao H«$_mV² ², d², a², b² dUm©… AmXoem… ^dpÝV& Ef… `Êm²gpÝY…&

B / B© = ²

C/D$ =d²

+ } Ag_mZdU©…

F$/G$ =a²

b¥ =b²

CXm - A{V + Aën… = AË`ën… B + A ²1. dmUr + EH$m = dmÊ oH$m 2. _Zw + AÝVa_² = _ÝdÝVa_²3. dYw + AbL²>H$ma… = dÜdbL²>H$ma… 4. {nV¥ + Amkm ={nÌmkm5. b¥ + AmH¥${V… = bmH¥${V…

AdYo m§e…`mÝVmXoedmÝVmXoegpÝY…

E, Eo, Amo, Am¡ EVofm§ dUm©Zm§ ñdaZUm©Zm§ ñdadU} nao A ², Am ², Ad², Amd² EVo AmXoem… H«$_e… ^dpÝV& A`_od `mÝVmXoe - dmÝVmXoegpÝY…& `Wm - E + ñdadU©… = A ² g hao + E = ha² + Am ² + E = ha o &Eo + ñdadU©… = Am ² g Z¡ + AH$… = Z²+ A ² + AH$… = Zm`H$… &Amo + ñdadU©… = Ad² g {dîUmo+ E = {dîU²+ Ad² + E = {dîUdo&

Am¡ + ñdadU©… = Amd² g nm¡ + AH$… = n² + Amd² + AH$…= nmdH$…&

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nyd©ê$ngpÝY…

nXmÝVñ` E H$mañ` Amo H$maañ` M õñdo AH$mao nao nyd©ê$n… EH$mXoe…

^d{V& A`_od nyd©ê$ngpÝY… & `Wm -

E + A = E g am_o + A{n = am_o@{n&

Amo + A = Amo g H$mo + A{n = H$mo@{n&

* * * *

Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠ oZ CÎma§ {bIV &

1. gpÝY… Zm_ H$…?

2. gÝYo… H${V àH$mam… gpÝV?

3. ñdagÝYo… {Z`_… H$…?

2. AYmo{b{IVmZm§ eãXmZm§ gpÝY {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIV&

H«$.g§. nXm{Z g[ÝY{d^mJ… g{ÝYZm_

1. MamMa_²

2. ^`moËnmXH$m…

3. EH¡$H$_²

4. AË`ën…

3. gpÝY§ H¥$Ëdm gpÝYZm_ {bIV &

1. Mbm + D${_©: , 2. _w{Z+BÝÐ, 3. {dÚm+EH$m, 4. _Zw+AÝVa_²

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Zd_… nmR>…

A{V{WXodmo ^d

‹

g§ñH¥$Vgm{hËò {eewH$WmàH$mao n#mVÝÌ§ gwà{gÕ_²>Ÿ& n#mVÝÌñ`

aM{`Vm {dîUwe_m©Ÿ& _{hbmamoß`ZJam{Ynñ` A_aeŠVo… _yI©nwÌmZ²>

amOVÝÌ{ZnwUmZ²> H$Vªw {dîUwe_m© àm{Un{jU… gå^mfUê$noU EVV²>

H$WmJwÀN>§ a{MVdmZ²>Ÿ& AÌ n#mVÝÌñ` H$m{MV² gabm H$Wm àXÎmmŸ&

n#mVÝÌñ` H$Wm§ gab`m ^mf`m {Zê${nVdmZ²> S>m. EM². Ama². {dœmg…Ÿ&

H${dH¥${Vn[aM`…Ÿ

H${d… - {dîUwe_m© &

H¥${V… - n#mVÝÌ_²²> &

H$mb… - {H«$.e. {ÛVrèVH$_² &

Xoe… - X{jUmnW… &

Aml`XmVm - _{hbmamoß`m[Yn… A_ae{ŠV…&

n#mVÝÌñ` n[aM`…

Apñ_Z²> H$WmJ«ÝWo n#mVÝÌm{U gpÝVŸ&

* {_Ìbm^… & * bãYàUme… &

* {_ÌôX… & * Anar{jVH$maH$_²> &

* H$mH$mobyH$s`_²> &

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H$íMZ ì`mY… AmgrV²Ÿ& g… AVrd Xwï>… {ZîH$éU… MŸ& EH$Xm g… dZ§ JVdmZ²Ÿ& VÌ Omb§ àgm[aVdmZ²Ÿ& EH$m H$nmoVm Ombo n{VVmŸ& Vm§ H$nmoVm§ nÄOao ñWmn{`Ëdm ì`mY… AJo« JVdmZ²Ÿ& VXm AH$ñ_mV² _hVr d¥{ï>… AmaãYmŸ& _hVm doJoZ dm`w… A{nŸ dm{V ñ_& ^rV… ì`mY… Aml`_² ApÝdî`Z² H$ñ`{MV² _hmd¥jñ` AY… AmJVdmZ²Ÿ& g… CŠVdmZ² ""^mo… AÌ `… dg{V V_h§ eaU§ JV… Apñ_Ÿ& g… _m§ ajVw'' B{VŸ& Vpñ_Z² d¥jo H$íMZ H$nmoV… dmg§ H$amo{V ñ_Ÿ& g… Ed ì`mYoZ J¥hrVm`m… H$nmoVm`m… n{V… AmgrV²Ÿ& H$nmoV… ì`mYñ` nÄOao pñWVm§ nËZt Ñï>dmZ²>Ÿ& VXm gm H$nmoVm n{V_² CŠVdVr ""^mo…, H$mÝVŸ! BXmZr_² Ef… ì`mY… erVmV©… jwYmV©… M gZ² Añ_mH§$ J¥h_² AmJVdmZ² & ì`mY… _m§ ~ÕdmZ² B{V ^dmZ² _m {MÝV`VwŸŸ& EVñ` gËH$ma§ H$amoVw'' B{VŸ& nËÝ`m… dMZ§ H$nmoV… A“rH¥$VdmZ²Ÿ& g… A“maH$_² AmZr` ewîH¡$… nU£… Aq¾ Ádm{bVdmZ²Ÿ& ì`mY_² CŠVdmZ² ""^mo… ì`mY! EVoZ A{¾Zm ^dmZ² ñdñ` erV~mYm§ XyarH$amoVw'' B{VŸ& AZÝVa§ H$nmoV… {MÝV`{V ""Ef… ì`mY… __ A{V{W… ApñVŸ& Ef… BXmZt ~w^w{jV… & EVñ_¡ XmVw§ H$mo@{n Amhma… AÌ ZmpñVŸ& qH$ H$amo{_?'' B{VŸ& Ed§ {MÝV{`Ëdm g… ì`mY_²> CŠVdmZ²Ÿ& ""^mo… A{V{W_hme` ! ^dmZ² EH§$ jU§ {Vð>VwŸ& BXmZt ^dVo Amhma§ {gÕ§ H¥$Ëdm XXm{_ & __ _m§g_² Ed ImXVw '' B{V CŠËdm ñd`§ Aq¾ à{dï>dmZ²Ÿ& H$nmoVñ` Ë`mJ§ ÑîQ‰>m ì`mYñ` bÁOm OmVmŸ& g… H$éU`m H$nmoVm§ nÄOaV… ~ÝY{d_wŠVm§ H¥$VdmZ²Ÿ& VXm n{V{dahnr{S>Vm gm H$nmoVm A{n Aq¾ à{dï>dVrŸ&

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EVV²> ÑîQ‰>m ì`mYñ` _Zg… n[adV©Z§ OmV_²Ÿ& ""EVmÑem… n{jU… A{n

Y_m©MaU§ Hw$d©pÝVŸ& Ah§ Vw AÝòfm§ àm{UZm§ àmUmZm_nhaU§ Hw$d©Z² AY_}U

Ordm{_Ÿ& EVV² AZw{MV_²'' B{V {MpÝVVdmZ²Ÿ&

Ed§ g… ì`mY… H«y$aH$_m©{U n[aË`ŠVdmZ²>Ÿ& VXmaä` g… ì`mY… eof§ Or{dV_²

AmZÝXoZ Aqhg`m M `m{nVdmZ²Ÿ&

*********

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eãXmWm©…

ì`mY… = {H$amV…, e~a… = bwãYH$…, {ZîH$éU… = H«y$ar, dZ_²

= H$mZZ_², {d{nZ_², H$nmoV… = nmamdV…, d¥{ï>… = df©_², n{V… =

^Vm©, nËZr = ^m`m©, gVr, Om`m, jwV²> = ~w^wjm, nU©_² = nÌ_²,

A{¾… = AZb…, d{•…, bÁOm = d«rS>m, n[adV©Z_² = n[aXmZ_²

Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV &

1. ì`mY… H$sÑe… AmgrV² ?

2. ì`mY… H$nmoVm§ Hw$Ì ñWm{nVdmZ² ?

3. H$nmoV… {H$_² AmZr` Aq¾ Ádm{bVdmZ² ?

4. ì`mY…$ H$ñ` A{V{W…?

6. H$nmoV`mo… _aU§ ÑîQ²>dm ì`mY… qH$ H¥$VdmZ² ?

2. _ÄOyfmV… g_mZmW©H$nXm{Z {MËdm {bIVŸ&

(e~a…, d¥{ï>…, dmV…, nU©_², A{¾…)

1. dm`w… = ..................................

2. nÌ_² = ..................................

3. ì`mY… = ..................................

4. AZb… = ..................................

5. dfm© = ..................................

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3. EVofm§ eãXmZm§ BVaénm{U {bIV &

EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>

ì`mY… ì`mYm¡ ì`mYm…

H$nmoVm

nU©_²>

Ombo

AY_}U

4. `Wm{ZX}e§ {bIV &

1. EVñ` gËH$ma§ H$amoVw&

H$… nmR>… ? H$m dX[V ? H§$$ dX[V ?

2. Ef… ì`mY… __ A{V{W… ApñV&

H$… nmR>… ? H$: dX{V? H$ñ` A{V{W… ì`mY…?

3. EVmÑem… n{jU… A{n Y_m©MaU§ Hw$d©pÝV&

H$… nmR>… ? H$… Ed§ {MÝV`{V? Ho$ Y_m©MaU§ Hw$d©pÝV?

5. KQ>ZmZwH«$_oU {bIV &

1. H$nmoV… nÄOao pñWVm§ nËZt Ñï>dmZ²>Ÿ &

2. AZÝVa§ H$nmoV… ñd`_² Aq¾ à{dï>dmZ²Ÿ &

3. ì`mY… Omb§ àgm[aVdmZ²Ÿ &

4. H$nmoVm A{n Aq¾ à{dï>dVr &

5. ì`mYñ` _Zg… n[adV©Z§ OmV_²Ÿ &

6. EH$m H$nmoVm Ombo n{VVm &

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6. Xe{^… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m Am“²b^mf`m dm {bIVŸ&

1. H$nmoVñ` A{V{WgËH$ma§ {dd¥UwVŸ&

******

{H«$`mH$bmn…

H$moï>H$ñ` gmhmæòZ XedmŠ`{Z aM`VŸ&

CXmhaU_² - g… MVwa… AmgrV²> &

{ZîH$éU…

g… erVmV©… AmgrV²>

ì`mY… jwYmV©…

Xwï>…

^rV…

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

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Xe_… nmR>…

{H«$`mnX_²

{H«$`mnXñ` {VL>ÝV_²> BË`{n ì`dhma… ApñVŸ& {VL²> àË``mÝV§ nX§

{VL>ÝV_²Ÿ& {H«$`mnXñ` _ybê$n§ "YmVw…' B{V H$Ï`VoŸ& YmVw…- nR²>, J_²>

BË`mX`…&

YmVw… + {dH$aUàË``… + {VL²>àË``… = {H«$`mnX_²Ÿ&

nR>² + A + {V = nR>{VŸ&

g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ àm`… 2000 YmVd… gpÝVŸ& Vo XeJUofw {d^ŠVm… gpÝVŸ& {H«$`m`m… H$mbmZwgma_² AWm©Zwgma§ M XebH$mam… gpÝVŸ& bQ>² dV©_mZo boQ>² doXo ^yVo bL²> bwL²> {bQ>ñVWmŸ& {dÜ`m{efmoíM {bL²>bmoQ>m¡ bwQ²> b¥Q>² b¥L²> M ^{dî`{VŸ&& 1. bQ>² 4. b¥Q>² 7. bL²> 2. {bQ>² 5. boQ>² 8. {bL²> ({d{Y, Amer…) 3. bwQ>² 6. bmoQ>² 9. bwL²> 10. b¥L²>YmVd… {ÌYm {d^ŠVm… &

1. nañ_¡n{XZ…g nR>{V, {bI{V BË`mX`… & 2. AmË_Zon{XZ…g b^Vo, dY©Vo BË`mX`… & 3. C^`n{XZ…g `mM{V / `mMVo H$amo{V / Hw$éVo BË`mX`… &Ì`… nwéfm… ^dpÝV & 1. àW_nwéf… g dX{V 2. _Ü`_nwéf… g dX{g

3. CÎm_nwéf… g dXm{_

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Ìr{U dMZm{Z ^dpÝV &

1. EH$dMZ_²> - dX{V

2. {ÛdMZ_² - dXV…

3. ~hþdMZ_²> - dXpÝV

dV©_mZH$mb…

nR>{V - nR>²> YmVw… bQ²> bH$ma… nañ_¡nXr &

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>

àW_nwéf… nR>{V nR>V… nR>pÝV

_Ü`_nwéf… nR>{g nR>W… nR>W

CÎm_nwéf… nR>m{_ nR>md… nR>m_…

dV©Vo - d¥Vw YmVw:> bQ²> bH$ma… AmË_ZonXr &


àW_nwéf… dV©Vo dV©oVo dV©ÝVo

_Ü`_nwéf… dV©go> dV©oWo dV©Üdo

CÎm_nwéf… dV©o dV©mdho dV©m_ho

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^yV>H$mb…

AnR>V²> - nR>²> YmVw… bL²> bH$ma… nañ_¡nXr &

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>

àW_nwéf… AnR>>V²> AnRVm_²> AnRZ²>

_Ü`_nwéf… AnR>… AnR>V_²> AnR>V

CÎm_nwéf… AnR_²> AnR>md AnRm_

AdV©V> - d¥Vw YmVw: bL²> bH$ma… AmË_ZonXr &


àW_nwéf… AdV©V AdV©oVm_² AdV©ÝV

_Ü`_nwéf… AdV©Wm: AdV©oWm_²> AdV©Üd_²

CÎm_nwéf… AdV©o AdV©md[h AdV©m_[h

^{dî`ËH$mb…

n[R>î`{V - nR>²> YmVw… b¥Q²> bH$ma… nañ_¡nXr &


àW_nwéf… n[R>î`{V n[R>î`V… n[R>î`pÝV

_Ü`_nwéf… n[R>î`{g n[R>î`W… n[R>î`W

CÎm_nwéf… n[R>î`m{_ n[R>î`md… n[R>î`m_…

©

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d{V©î`Vo - d¥V² YmVw: b¥Q²> bH$ma… AmË_ZonXr &

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… d{V©î`Vo d{V©îòVo d{V©î`ÝVo_Ü`_nwéf… d{V©î`go d{V©îòWo d{V©î`ÜdoCÎm_nwéf… d{V©îò d{V©î`mdho d{V©î`m_ho

*********

Aä`mg…


1. {H«$`mnXñ` _ybê$n§ {H$_²> ?

2. g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ H${V YmVd… gpÝV ?

3. YmVd… H${V JUofw {d^ŠVm… ?

4. bQ²> bH$ma… H§$ H$mb§ gyM`{V ?

5. H${V bH$mam… gpÝV ?

2. g_w[MVnXoZ [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V &

{H«$`mnX_²> bH$ma… nwéf… dMZ_²>Z`m{_ bQ²> CÎm_nwéf… EH$dMZ_²>{n~{g

AnR>_²>

_o{bî`{V

AJÀN>Z²>Ÿ

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AdJÀN>V

ädmÚXmXr OwhmoË`mXr {Xdm{Xññdm{Xaod MŸ&

éYm{XíM VwXm{XíM VZŠ«`m{XMwamX`…Ÿ&&

1. ädm{X… 6. éYm{X…

2. AXm{X… 7. VwXm{X…

3. OwhmoË`m{X… 8. VZm{X…

4. {Xdm{X… 9. Š«`m{X…

5. ñdm{X… 10. Mwam{X…

nR>Vw - nR>²> YmVw… bmoQ²> bH$ma… nañ_¡nXr>Ÿ&

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… nR>Vw/nR>VmV²> nR>Vm_²> nR>ÝVw_Ü`_nwéf… nR>/ nR>VmV²> nR>V_²> nR>V

CÎm_nwéf… nR>m{Z nR>md nR>m_

dV©Vm_²> - d¥Vw YmVw: bmoQ²> bH$ma… AmË_ZonXr &

nwéf… EH$dMZ_²> {ÛdMZ_²> ~hþdMZ_²>àW_nwéf… dV©Vm_²> dV©oVm_²> dV©ÝVm_²>

_Ü`_nwéf… dV©ñd> dV©oWm_²> dV©Üd_²>CÎm_nwéf… dV©¡> dV©mdh¡> dV©m_h¡>

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EH$mXe… nmR>…

CngJm©… Aì``m{Z M ^mfmà`moJkmZm` ^mfmKQ>H$kmZ_² AË`mdí`H$_²& CngJm©…

Aì``m{Z M g§ñH¥$V^mfmKQ>Ho$fw àYmZV`m AÝV^©dpÝV& EVofm§

^mfmà`moJ…& AV… AÌ CngJm©Zm_² Aì``mZm§ M n[aM`… àXÎm…&

CngJm©…

{H«$`mnXmZm_² AmXm¡ V¡… gh¡d à`wÁ`_mZm… eãXm… CngJm©… BË`wÀ`ÝVo&

Vo M CngJm©… Ûm{de§{V: (22) gpÝV & `Wm-

CngJm©… - 22

01. à 07. {Zg² 13. {Z 19. A{^02. nam 08. {Za 14. A{Y 20. à{V03. An 09. Xþg² 15. A{n 21. n[a04. g_² 10. Xþa² 16. A{V 22. Cn05. AZw 11. {d 17. gw

06. Ad 12. AmL² 18. CV²

CngJ©J{V…YmËdWª ~mYVo H$píMV² H$píMV² V_ZwdV©Vo&

V_od {d{eZîQ>çÝ`… CngJ©J{V{óYm &&

CngJ}U {H«$`mnXñ` AW©… ¹${MV² VW¡d {Vð>{V ¹${MV² ñdënV`m

n[adV©Vo ¹${MV² nyU©V`m n[adV©Vo&

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01. {H«$`mnXmW©n[adV©H$m… {H«$`mnX_² CngJ©… {H«$`mnXê$n_²

JÀN>{V CV² CÒÀN>{V

ha{V g_² g§ha{V

Z`{V An AnZ`{V

Añ`{V {Za² {Zañ`{V

^d{V nam nam^d{V

Ô{V {d {dÔ{V

02. {H«$`mnXmW©nmofH$m… {H«$`mnX_² CngJ©… {H«$`mnXê$n_²

Ymd{V à àYmd{V emå`{V Cn Cnemå`{V dY©Vo g§ g§dY©Vo

Z`{V gw gwZ`{V

ní`{V à àní`{V

03. {H«$`mnXmW©{damoYH$m…

{H«$`mnX_² CngJ©… {H«$`mnXê$n_²

JÀN>{V AmL²> AmJÀN>{V

Z`{V AmL²> AmZ`{V

`m{V AL²> Am`m{V

XXm{V AmL²> AmXXm{V

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Aì``m{Z

Zm_nXofw Aì``m{Z A{n AÝ`V_m{Z& {H$ÝVw gd©{b“{d^{º$dMZofw

EVofm§ ê$nm{U g_mZm{Z& VXþº$_² -

gÑe§ {Ìfw {b“ofw gdm©gw M {d^{º$fw &

dMZofw M gd}fw `Þìò{V VXì``_² &&

Aì``m{Z

gm_mÝ`mì``m{Z H¥$XÝVmì``m{Z V{ÕVmÝVmì``m{Z

Apñ_Z² df} gm_mÝ`mì``m{Z nmR>mWª XÎmm{Z&

gm_mÝ`mì``m{Z :- g§ñH¥$V^mfmà`moJo {d{dYmW©ofw ~hÿ{Z Aì``m{Z

Cn`wÁ`ÝVo& EVm{Z {dZm ^mfmà`moJ… XþîH$a… & à{gÕm{Z B_m{Z -

M, Ed, Ed§, A{n, B{V, AW, {H$ÝVw, AWdm, CV, {H$ÝVw, Ibw, gwðw>,

AmhmopñdV², na§, gH¥$V², Cƒo…, ZrM¡…, AY…, Cn[a, gß`H²$, C^`V…,

gd©V… -

EVofw Ho$fm#mZ à`moJ… AÌ àXÎm…&

Aì``_² CXmhaUdmŠ`_²

M am_… H¥$îU… M nR>{V&

A{n JUoe… CÎm_…& a_oe… A{n CÎm_…&

Cƒ¡… JrVm Cƒ¡… Jm`{V&

AY… d¥jñ` AY… _yb_pñV&

Cn[a nd©Vñ` Cn[a Xodmb` ApñV&

gå`H²$ AÜ`mnH$… gå`H²$ nmR>`{V&

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gH¥$V² gd}@{n OrdZo gH$¥V² g§ñH¥$V§ nR>ÝVw&

gwðw> g{MZ… gwðw> H«$sS>{V&

Ed am_… Ed eya…&

Ibw g§ñH¥$V§ gwÝXa§ Ibw&

AÌ H$m{ZMZ gm_mÝ`mì``m{Z àXÎmm{Z

M (and, ÊÜáñÜá¤), B{V (thus, Gí¨Üá), gH¥$V² (once, JÊæá¾),

Cƒ¡… (Loudly, hæãàÃÝX), Cn[a (top, ÊæáàÇæ), AYwZm (now, DWÜ),

AY… (down, PæÙÜWæ)

Aä`mg…

C{MVoZ Aì`òZ [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V&

1. {edñ` _ñVH$ñ` ................................ J§Jm {damOVoŸ&

2. am_… bú_U… grVm ...................... A`moÜ`m_²> AmJÀN>Z²>Ÿ&

3. {eew… ........................................ amoXZ_² >AH$amoV²>Ÿ&

4. Ah§ embm§ JÀN>m{_ .................. nwÌr OZZr_²> AdXV²>Ÿ&

5. Ah§ ........................................... AmnU§ JÀN>m{_Ÿ&

6. XodXÎm… à{V{XZ§ ................................ ^moOZ§ H$amo{VŸ&

7. CËnr{R>H$m`m… ......................... {~S>mb… Cn{dï>… ApñVŸ&

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{H«$`mH$bmn…

Aì``m{Z Cn`wÁ` dmŠ`m[Z aM`V Ÿ&

`Wm - AmgÝXñ` Cn[a ìÒZ_² ApñVŸ&

nwaV…, n¥ð>V…, dm_V…, X{jUV…, Cn[a, AY…

................................................................

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................................................................

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ÛmXe… nmR>…

AmXe©… A_mË`:

B`§ âV^y{_… nwÊ`^y[_… B{V à{gÕm& AÌ Z¡H$m… _w{Znw“dm…

Xme©{ZH$m… M AdV©ÝV& Vofw AÝ`V_ñ` _hmnwéfñ` OrdZo >àd¥Îmm EH$m

KQ>Zm àñVwVm ApñV&

lr_Z²! Ah§ H$íMZ d¡Xo{eH$…& àdmgmW©_² AÌmJV…& Xoeñ`mñ` àYmZm_mË`… gÒþUgånÞ… B{V _`m lwV_²& AV… V§ Ðïw>_² BÀN>m{_& H¥$n`m V§ Xe©`Vw B{V H$ÄMZ d¥Õ§ d¡Xo{eH$… An¥ÀN>V²& AñVw! Adí`§ Xe©{`î`m{_& _m_² AZwgaVw ^dmZ² B{V dXÝV§ d¥Õ§ d¡Xo{eH$… AÝdgaV²&

J“mVra_² àpñWVm¡ Vm¡ ZJa^mJ_² A{VH«$å` CndZ§ àm{deVm_²& VXm d¡Xo{eH$ñ` _Z{g gÝXoh… g_wËnÞ…& Ef… _m§ Hw$Ì dm Zoî`{V? B{V& AWm{n VyîUr_² AÝdgaV²& A{MamXod C^md{n EH$ñ` Hw$Q>rañ` g_rn§ JVm¡& d¥Õ… Ûma_² CÕmQ>ç AÝV… àm{deV²& d¡Xo{eH$ñVw CQ>OmV² ~{haod A{Vð>V²& {MamXZmJVo Vpñ_Z² d¥Õo ^mo…! qH$ __ àmW©Zm {dñ_¥Vm? BË`wƒ¡… An¥ÀN>V²&

VXm d¥Õ… ~{hamJË` AdXV² - ~ÝYwd`©! Z _`m {dñ_¥Vm àmW©Zm& MmUŠ`mo@h§& Ah_od _m¡`©gm_«mÁ`ñ` àYmZm_mË`…& ñdmJV§ ^dVo& H¥$n`m à{deVw B{V&

d¡Xo{eH$… gH$m¡VwH§$ à{dí` n[aV… ní`Z² {MÝV`{V - H¥$îUdU©…, H¥$eH$m`…, {eImYmar M Ef… d¥Õ…& Hw$Q>rao VmdV² EH$Ì ObH$be…, AnaÌ g{_Y…, H$mð>m{Z M, AÝ`Ì H$Q>…, boIZgmåJ«`…, J«ÝWm… M Ñí`ÝVo& A`_² AmË_mZ_² A_mË`… B{V H$W`{V& na_² A_mË`{d^dm… Z bú`ÝVo& Ahmo! {H$_oVV² AmíM`©_² B{V&

V[ñ_Þod g_ò _JYXoeñ` Z¥n… MÝÐJwá… g_mJV…& V§ ÑîQ‰>m A_mË`… AdXV² - dËg! Ef… Añ_mH$_² A{V{W…& d¡Xo{eH$ñ` EVñ` dmgm{X

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ì`dñWm H$ëß`Vm_²& œ… dmVm©bmn§ H$[aî`m_… B{V&

naoÚw… gm`§ MÝÐJwáoZ gh d¡Xo{eH$… Hw$Q>ra_² AmJÀN>V²& A_mË`… boIZo {Z_¾… AmgrV²& V`moamJ_Z§ {dkm` nwaV… pñWV§ Xrn§ {Zdm©ß` Ana§ Xrn_² AÁdmb`V²& VV… d¡Xo{eH$_² An¥ÀN>V² - {_Ìda! Hw$V… AmJV…? B{V& MrZmXoemV² AmJV…& B{V g… àË`dXV²& A_mË`… nwZan¥ÀN>V² - Añ_mH§$ Xoeñ` {dfò dV… A{^àm`… H$…? B{V AÌ gdª {d{MÌ§, {dbjU§ M Ñí`Vo BË`H$W`V²& qH$ {d{MÌ§, qH$ {dbjUÄM Ñï>_² B{V gH$m¡VwH$_² A_mË`… An¥ÀN>V²&

""_hV… Xoeñ` àYmZm_mË`ñ` OrdZnÕ{V… gabm BËòVV² {d{MÌ_²? ÁdbÝV§ Xrn§ {Zdm©ß` XrnmÝVaÁdmbZ_² BËòVV² {dbjU_²& ñ`mÞm_ gab§ OrdZ_²& XrnmÝVaÁdmbZ§ H$m¡VwH§$ OZ`{V'' B{V d¡Xo{eH$… AdXV²&

pñ_VdXZ… A_mË`… àmh - ""_hmoX`! {H$_Ì d¡bjÊ`_²? gdª Ý`m`mo{MV_²& amOH$m`©g_ò amOH$moeYZoZ H«$sV§ V¡b_² Cn`wÁ` Xrn… àÁdmë`Vo& ñdrò H$m`} _Xr`… Xrn… Ádmë`Vo& ^dVm gh gå^mfU§ ñdr`§ H$m`©_²''B{V&

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Ahmo àYmZm_mË`ñ` MmUŠ`ñ` OrdZ{dYmZ_², gyú_X{e©Vm M& âVIÊS>o@pñ_Z² EVmÑem… _hmÝV… {H$`ÝV… ñ`w… YÝò`§ nwÊ`^y{_…& AÌmJVmo@h_² AmË_mZ§ YÝ`§ _Ýò& Ahmo __ gm¡^m½`_²& d¡Xo{eH$… MmUŠ`§ gmï>m“_² AZ_V²&

Aä`mg…1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎmaV& 1. d¡Xo{eH$… H$_² AÝdgaV²? 2. _JYXoeñ` Z¥n… H$…? 3. CQ>OmV² ~{h… H$… A{Vð>V²? 4. A_mË`ñ` Zm_ {H$_²?

2. [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V& 1. Xoeñ`mñ` àYmZm_mË`…____________ B{V lwV_²& 2. Ah_od ____________ gm_«mÁ`ñ` àYmZm_mË`…& 3. àYmZm_mË`ñ` OrdZnÕ{V… ____________ & 4. ñdrò H$m`© ____________ Xrn… àÁdmë`Vo&

3. g_mZmW©H$nX§ {bIV&1. ZJa_² 2. CndZ_² 3. gÝXoh… 4. Hw$Q>ra…

4. {déÕmW©H$nX§ {bIV &1. H¥$îU… 2. H¥$e… 3. gab_² 4. {_Ì_²

5. {ZX}emZwgma_² CÎma§ {bIV &

1. qH$ __ àmW©Zm {dñ_¥Vm? 1. H$… nmR>…? 2. H$… AdXV²? 3. H$_² AdXV²?2. na_² A_mË`{d^dm… Z bú`ÝVo 1. H$… nmR>…? 2. H$… AdXV²? 3. H$_² AdXV²?

******

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Ì`moXe… nmR>…

g_mg…

g_mg… Zm_ g¬on…& g_mgo AWm©ZwJwU§ nXmZm§ g§`moOZoZ EH§$ nX_² CËnÚVo& g_mgH$aUoZ Aën¡… nX¡… Ed ~hd… {df`m… g§ñH¥$V^mf`m dºw§$ eŠ`ÝVo& AÌ Û§Ûg_mgñ` n[aM`… {H«$`Vo&

g_mgo {dJ«hdmŠ`§ g_ñVnX_² B{V A§eÛ`§ ^d{V& nXmZm§ `moOZoZ `V² EH§$ nX_² CËnÚVo VV² g_ñVnX_² BË`wÀ`Vo& g_ñVnXñ` AW©~moYH§$ dmŠ`§ {dJ«hdmŠ`_² BË`wÀ`Vo& VW¡d g_ñVnXo {dJ«hdmŠò dm AmXm¡ {dÚ_mZ§ nX§ nyd©nX_² B{V VËnümV² {dÚ_mZ§ nX_² CÎmanX_² B{V M H$Ï`Vo&

g_mg…

{dJ«hdmŠ`_² d¥jñ` _yb_²

i i nyd©nX_² CÎmanX_²

g_ñVnX_²i

d¥j_yb_²

g_mgo MËdma… ôXm… gpÝV&g_mg…

ÛÝÛ… VËnwéf… Aì``r^md… ~hþd«r{h… àm`… àm`… àm`… àm`…

C^`nXmW©àYmZ… CÎmanXmW©àYmZ… nyd©nXmW©àYmZ… AÝ`nXmW©àYmZ…

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C^`nXmW©àYmZ… ÛÝÛg_mg…

`pñ_Z² g_mgo g_mgK{Q>VnXmZm_² AW©… n¥WH²$V`m g_yhê$noU dm

{dd{jV… g… ÛÝÛg_mg… B{V H$Ï`Vo& AÌ àH$maÛ`_² ApñV&ÛÝÛg_mg…

BVaoVa… g_mhma…

01. BVaoVaÛÝÛ… - ÛÝÛg_mgo g_ñVnXo pñWVmZm_² AW©… `Xm n¥WH²$V`m

{d{d{jV… ^d{V VXm BVaoVaÛÝÛ… B{V H$Ï`Vo& AÌ g_ñVnX§ {ÛdMZo

~hþdMZo dm ^d{V& VW¡d CÎmanXñ` `{„“§ VXod g_ñVnXñ`m{n ^d{V&

CXm:- am_íM H¥$îUíM am_H¥$îUm¡

am_H¥$îUm¡ embm§ JÀN>V…&

{dJ«hdmŠ`_² g_ñVnX_² dmŠ`_²

ho_ÝVíM {e{eaü dgÝVíM

ho_ÝV{e{eadgÝVm… ho_ÝV{e{eadgÝVm… Añ_mH$_² F$Vd…&

Hw$¸w$Q>íM _`yaíM Hw$¸w$Q>_`yam¡ Hw$¸w$Q>_`yam¡ dZo dgV…&

nÌ§ M nwîn§ M \$b§ M nÌnwîn\$bm{Z Ah§ Xodm` nÌnwîn\$bm{Z An©`m{_ &

02. g_mhmaÛÝÛ… - g_ñVnXo pñWVmZm§ nXmZm§ g_yhmW©: `Xm {dd{jV:

VXm g_mhmaÛÝÛ… ^d{V AÌ g_ñVnX§ Znw§gH${b“o, EH$dMZo M ^d{V&

CXm - nmUr M nXm¡ M EVofm§ g_mhma… = nm{UnmX_²

Ah§ nm{UnmX§ àjmb`m{_&

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{dJ«hdmŠ`_² g_ñVnX_² dmŠ`_²

nwÌíM nm¡ÌíM AZ`mo g_mhma…

nwÌnm¡Ì_² J¥hñ` Ò_mZ… nwÌnm¡Ì§ aj{V &

a{WH$míM AœmamohmíM EVofm§ g_mhma…

a{WH$mídmamoh>_² a{WH$mídamoh§ goZm `m A“§ ^d{V &

Aä`mg…1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎmaV&

1. g_mg… Zm_ {H$_²?

2. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ Zm_ {H$_²?

3. g_ñVnX§ Zm_ {H$_²?

4. ÛÝÛg_mg… H${V{dY…?

5. ÛÝÛg_mgñ` Ûm¡ àH$mam¡ H$m¡?

2. [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V&

1. g_mgo ____________ B{V A§eÛ`§ ^d{V&

2. g_mgo ____________ ôXm… gpÝV&

3. g_mgo AmXm¡ {dÚ_mZ§ nX§ __________ B{V CÀ`Vo&

4. g_mgo AÝVo {dÚ_mZ§ nX§ ___________ B{V H$Ï`Voo&

4. Û§Û�g_mgo ___________ B{V àH$maÛ`§ ApñV&

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3. g_ñVnXmZm§ {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIV&

H«$.g§. g_ñVnX§ {dJ«hdmŠ`_² g_mg…

1. Hw$¸w$Q>_`yam¡

2. nwÌnm¡Ì_²

3. nÌnwîn\$bm{Z

4. a{WH$mídmamoh_²

5. ho_ÝV{e{eadgÝVm…

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MVwX©e… nmR>…

gw^m{fVm{ZH$ÊR>nmR>… H$aUr`…

g§ñH¥$Vgm{hË o gw m{fVmZm§ _hÎdnyUª ñWmZ§ dV©VoŸ& ‘gw m{fV_²>’ BË`ñ` AW©… ‘gwðw> ^m{fV_²>’, ‘emo Z§ ^m{fV_²’, ‘gå`H$² ^m{fV_²‘ B{VŸ& Añ` gwdMZ_², gXw{º$… BË`mXr{Z Zm_mÝVam{U A{n dV©ÝVoŸ&

gw m{fVaËZ^mÊS>mJma_², gy{º$_wº$md{b…, gXw{ŠVH$Um©_¥V_² BË`mX`… gw m{fVg“«hm… Cnbä`ÝVoŸ& gw m{fVofw g‚mZXwO©ZJwUm…, kmZñ` _hÎd§,

bm¡{H$H$ì`dhma… BË`m{X{df`m… {Zê${nVm… & gw m{fVm{Z gÝ_mJª ~moY`pÝVŸ&

1. gd©VrW©_`r _mVm gd©Xod_`… {nVmŸ&

_mVa§ {nVa§ Vñ_mV² gd©`ËZoZ nyOòV² Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

2. gË`§ ~«y`mV² {à`§ ~«y`mV² Z ~«y`mV² gË`_{à`_²Ÿ&

{à`§ M ZmZ¥V§ ~«y`mV² Ef Y_©… gZmVZ… Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

3. j_m eñÌ§ H$ao `ñ` XwO©Z… qH$ H$[aî`{VŸ&

AV¥Uo n{VVmo d{•… ñd`_odmonemå`VoŸ&&3Ÿ&&

4. Ñ{ï>nyV§ Ý`goV² nmX§ dñÌnyV§ {n~o‚mb_²Ÿ&

gË`nyVm§ dXoÛmM§ _Z…nyV§ g_mMaoV² Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

5. H$m_YoZwJwUm {dÚm gd©Xm \$bXm{`ZrŸ&

àdmgo _mV¥gÑer {dÚm Jwá§ YZ§ ñ_¥V_²Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

*********

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AÝd`mW©…

1) gd©VrW©_`r = gd©VrW©dVr, _mVm = OZZr, Aå~m, gd©Xod_`… = gd©Xodg_mZ…, {nVm = OZH$…, Vñ_mV² = AV…, _mVa§ {nVa§ M = OZZt OZH§$ M, gd©`ËZoZ = gd©à`ËZoZ, nyOòV² = AM©òV²Ÿ &

VmËn`©_² - _mVm{nVam¡ XodgÑem¡Ÿ& AV… d`§ gd} Vm¡ nyÁ`^mdoZ níò_Ÿ&

2) gË`_² = VÏ`_²>², {à`_²> = [hVH$a_², ~«y`mV² = H$WòV²², gË`_{à`_²= gË`§ MoX{n A[hVH$a§ dMZ§ Z dXoV²², {à`§ M AZ¥V§ = [hVH$a§ MoX{n AgË`_²², Z ~«y`mV² = Z dXoV²², Ef… gZmVZ… Y_©… = ŸàMrZna§nam &

VmËn`©_² - gXm gË`§ H$WòV² {à`§ M H$WòV² gË`§ MoX{n A{à`§ Z H$WòV² {à`§ MoX{n AgË`§ Z dXoV² Ef… gZmVZ… Y_©…Ÿ&

3. `ñ` = `ñ` _mZdñ`, H$ao = hñVo, j_m = j_mJwU…, eñÌ_² = Am wY_², ApñV = {dÚVo, XwO©Z… = Xwï>OZ…, qH$ H$[aî`{V = qH$ H$Vªw eŠZmo{V, AV¥Uo = V¥Ua{hVñWbo, n{VV… = pñWV…, d{•… = A{¾…, ñd`_od = ñd`_², Cnemå`Vo = CnemÝV… ^d{VŸ&

VmËn`©_² - `Wm V¥Ua{hVñWbo n{VV… A{¾… ñd`_od CnemÝV… ^d{V VWm ñd^mdV… ghZerb§ XwO©Z… {H$_{n H$Vªw Z eŠZmo{VŸ&

4. _mZd… = _Zwî`…, Za…, nmX_² = MaU_², Ñ{ï>nyV_² = gå`H$² AdbmoŠ`, {dMm`©, Ý`goV²> = ñWmnòV², dñÌnyV§ => dñÌoU g§emoÜ`, ewÕrH¥$Ë`, Ob_² = Zra_², {n~oV²= ñdrHw$`m©V², gË`nyVm_² = gËèwÕm_², dmM_² = dMZ_², dXoV² = H$WòV², _Z…nyV_² = _Z{g gå`H$² {dMm`©, glÕ_²², g_mMaoV² = H$m`ª Hw$`m©V²Ÿ&

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VmËn`©_² - _mZd… gå`H$² AdbmoŠ` MaU§ ñWmnòV²Ÿ& ewÕrH¥$V§ Ob§ {n~oV²Ÿ& gËèwÕm§ dmM§ dXoV²Ÿ& _Z{g gw{dMm`© H$m`ª Hw$`m©V²Ÿ& àËòH$_{n H$m`ª n{dÌ§ ^doV²&

5. H$m_YoZwJwUm{dÚm = H$m_YoZwdV² {dÚm Bï>mWª nya {V,Ÿgd©Xm = gXm, \$bXm{`Zr = \$bXmÌr, _Z…H$m_Zm§ nya`{V, àdmgo = `mÌmàg“o, _mV¥gÑer = OZZrg_mZm, Jwá_² = àÀN>Þ_², YZ_² = {dÎm_²Ÿ, ñ_¥V_² = {dkmV_² &

VmËn`©_ -{dÚm H$m_YoZwdV² gXm CÎm_\$bXm{`Zr àdmgo _mVm Bd

aj{VŸ& Efm {dÚm Jwá§ YZ_²Ÿ B{V {dkmV_² &

Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIVŸ& 1. gw^m{fVñ` Zm_mÝVa§ {H$_² ?

2. gd©Xm \$bXm{`Zr H$m ?

3. qH$ Z ~«y`mV² ?

4. gd©VrW©_`r H$m ?

5. qH$ g_mMaoV²?

2. g§`moÁ` {bIVŸ& A Am 1. H$m_YoZwJwUm _mVm

2. gZmVZ… eó_²

3. Ñ{ï>nyV§ {dÚm

4. j_m Y_©…

5. gd©VrW©_`r nmX>§

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3. g_mZmW©H$nX§ {bIVŸ&

CXmhaU_²> - {dÎm_² = YZ_² Ÿ&

1. Mjw: = ............. 2. _mVm = .............

3. gË`_²> = ............. 4. nmX… = .............

4. {déÕmW©H$nX§ {bIVŸ&

1. g_¥V_² x 2. gË`_²> x

3. A{à`_² >x 4. XwO©Z… x

5. [aŠVñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

1. Ñ{ï>nyV§ ......................... nmX_²>Ÿ &

2. dñÌnyV§ ......................... {n~oV²Ÿ &

3. _mVa§ {nVa§ Vñ_mV² ............. nyOòV²Ÿ &

4. Ef Y_©…..........................Ÿ &

6. Xe{^… dmŠ ¡…> CÎma§ H$Um©Q>H$ mf`m Am“²b^mf`m dm {bIVŸ&

1. {dÚm_² A{YH¥$Ë` {bIVŸ&

2. _mVm{nVam¡ A{YH¥$Ë` {bIVŸ&

*******

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n#mXe… nmR>…

nwéfmoÎm_…lr_Ðm_mÙ_² Am{XH$mì`_² B{V à{gÕ_² & Añ` H$Vm© Am{XH${d… dmë_r{H$…Ÿ& am_mÙo gy`©d§eñ` H$Wm MVw{dªe{VghòíbmoH¡$… d{U©VmŸ& am_mÙñ` ~mbH$mÊS>ñ` àW_gJm©V² Ho$MZ íbmoH$m… AÌ CÕ¥Vm… gpÝVŸ& EH$Xm dmë_r{H$… ZmaX_² An¥ÀN>V² ""Apñ_Z² bmoHo$ H$mo@{n AmXe©JwUmonoV… nwéf… dV©Vo {H$_²>? Vñ` bjUm{Z H$m{Z?'' B{VŸ& VXm ZmaX… BúdmHw$d§eñ` XeaWH$m¡gë``mo… nwÌñ` lram_ñ` AmXe©JwUmZ² dU©`{VŸ&

H${dH$mì`n[aM`…Ÿ

H${d… - dmë_r{H$…Ÿ&

H$mb… - n#mghòdf}ä`… nyd©_²Ÿ&

Xoe… - ^maVXoe… V_gmZXrVrao &

H¥${V… - am_mÙ_² &

íbmoH$m…

VnññdmÜ`m`{ZaV§ Vnñdr dmp½dXm§ da_²Ÿ&

ZmaX§ n[anàÀN> dmë_r{H$_©w{Znw“d_² Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

H$mo@Ýdpñ_Z² gmåàV§ bmoHo$ JwUdmZ² H$íM dr`©dmZ²Ÿ&

Y_©©kíM H¥$VkíM gË`dmŠ`mo ÑT>d«V…Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

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Mm[aÌoU M H$mo `wŠÎm… gd©^yVofw H$mo {hV…Ÿ&{dÛmZ² H$… H$ñg_W©íM H$íM¡H${à`Xe©Z… &&3Ÿ&&

AmË_dmZ² H$mo {OVH«$moYmo Úw{V_mZ² H$mo@Zgy`H$…Ÿ&H$ñ` {~ä`{V XodmíM OmVamofñ` g§`wJo Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

lwËdm M¡VpËÌbmoH$kmo dmë_rHo$Zm©aXmo dM…Ÿ&ly`Vm{_{V Mm_ÝÍ` àöï>mo dmŠ`_~«drV² Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

BúdmHw$d§eà^dmo am_mo Zm_ OZ¡… lwV…&{Z`VmË_m _hmdr`m} Úw{V_mZ² Y¥{V_mZ² der &&6Ÿ&&

~w{Õ_mZ² Zr{V_mZ² dm½_r lr_mÄN>Ìw{Z~h©U…Ÿ&{dnwbm§gmo _hm~mhþ… H$å~wJ«rdmo _hmhZw… Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

_hmoañH$mo _hoîdmgmo JyT>OÌwa[aÝX_…Ÿ&AmOmZw~mhþ… gw{eam… gwbbmQ>… gw{dH«$_… Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

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Y_©k… gË`gÝYíM àOmZm§ M {hVo aV…Ÿ&

èñdr kmZgånÞ… ew{Md©í`… g_m{Y_mZ² Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

àOmn{Vg_… lr_mZ² YmVm [anw{ZfyXZ…Ÿ&

a{jVm OrdbmoH$ñ` Y_©ñ` n[aa{jVm &&10Ÿ&&

*******

AÝd`mW©…

1. Vnñdr = _w{Z… dmë_r{H$… Vn… = X¡{hH$_mZgd«VñW_²> ;

ñdmÜ`m`{ZaV_²> = ñdmÜ``Zo _½Z_²; dmp½dXm§ da_² = km{ZZm§ loð>_²;

_ww{Znw“d_²> = _w{Zloð>_²> = ZmaX§ ; n[anàÀN> = n¥ï>dmZ²>>&

VmËn`©_² - Vnñdr dmpë_{H$_w{Z… Vn… ñdmÜ`m`{ZaV§ _w{Zloð>§ {dÛ‚mZofw

CÎm_§ ZmaX§ n¥ï>dmZ²>Ÿ&

2. gmåàV§ = AYwZm ; Apñ_Z² bmoHo$ = EVpñ_Z² OJ{V ; H$… JwUdmZ²

= gÒþUr ; dr`©dmZ² = em¡`©dmZ² ; Y_©k… = Y_©{dfò npÊS>V… ;

H¥$Vk… = CnH$mañ_aUerb… ; gË`dmH$² = gË`^mfr ; ÑT>d«V… =

{ZíMbà{Vk…; ApñV = dV©VoŸ&

VmËn`©_² - EVpñ_Z² OJ{V H$… nwéf… gÒþUdmZ², em¡`©dmZ², Y_©{dV²,

CnH$mar, gË`dMZo {Zð>…, {ZíMbà{Vk… M dV©VoŸ?

3. H$… = H$… nwéf… ; Mm[aÌoU = gXmMmaoU ; `wŠV… = gånÞ… ;

gd©^yVofw = g_ñVàm{Ufw ; {hV… = lo`ñgmYH$… ; {dÛmZ² = npÊS>V…;

{à`Xe©Z… = gwÝXa… ApñV &

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VmËn`©_² - gXmMmagånÞ…, g_ñVàm{UZm§ {hVgmYH$…, _hmZ² npÊS>V…,

gwÝXam“… M H$mo@{n nwéf… ApñV dm?

4. H$… = H$… nwéf… ; AmË_dmZ² = ñdmË_{Z ÑT>…, {OVH«$moY… =

H«$moYñ` {dOoVm ; Úw{V_mZ² = H$mpÝV_mZ², AZgy`H$… = _mËg`©a{hV…

; g§`wJo = `wÕo ; OmVamofñ` = OmVH«$moYñ` ; Xodm… = gwam… A{n;

{~ä`{V = ^rVm… ^dpÝVŸ&

VmËn`©_² - ñdmË_{Z ÑT>{ZíM`…, {OVH$mon…, H$mpÝV_mZ², _mËg`©a{hV…,

`wÕo Hw${nV… MoV² Xodm… A{n ^`^rVm… ^dpÝV VmÑe… Za… H$… ApñVŸ?

5. dmë_rHo$… dM… lwËdm = dmë_rHo$… dMZ§ lwËdm; Am_ÝÍ`

= {d{MÝË`; àöï>… = gÝVwï>… ; {ÌbmoH$k… = {ÌbmoH${dfò A{n

kmZdmZ²>…, ZmaX…; ly`Vm§ = lwUmoVw ; EVX² = B_§ {df`_² ; A~«drV²

= B{V AdXV²Ÿ&

VmËn`©_² - {ÌbmoH$gÄMmar ZmaX… dmë_rHo$… dMZ§ lwËdm {d{MÝË`

_Z{g AmZÝX_² AZw^y` EVpñ_Z² {dfò dXm{_ lwUmoVw B{V

AdXV²Ÿ&

6. BúdmHw$d§eà^d… = BúdmHw$d§eo OmV…; {Z`VmË_m = {OVopÝÐ`…;

_hmdr`©… = _hme{ŠVembr; Úw{V_mZ² = H$mpÝV_mZ²; Y¥{V_mZ² =

Y¡`©dmZ²; der = g§`_r; B{V M OZ¡… = àOm{^…; lwV… = {d{XV…;

am_mo Zm_ = am_… B{V nwéf… ApñVŸ&

VmËn`©_² - BúdmHw$d§eo OmV… {OVopÝÐ`… e{ŠV_mZ² H$mpÝV_mZ² g§`_r

B{V M OZ¡… {d{XV… am_mo Zm_ _hmnwéf… ApñVŸ&

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7. am_… ~w{Õ_mZ²> = ~w{Õembr ; Zr{V_mZ²> = Zr{V{dV²> ; dm½_r = MVwa… dŠVm ; lr_mZ²> = gÒþUdmZ²> ; eÌw{Z~h©U… = [anyUm§ {dZmeH$… ; {dnwbm§g… = {dembñH$ÝX… ; _hm~mhw… = {demb^wO`wV…; H$å~wJ«rd… = e’_²> Bd Üd{Z`wŠVH$ÊR>… ; _hmhZw… = _hmH$nmobdmZ²>Ÿ&

VmËn`©_² - lram_… ~w{Õ_mZ²> Zr{V_mZ²> MVwadŠVm gÒþUgånÞ… eÌyUm§ ZmeH$… {dembñH$ÝY`wŠV… e’Üd{Z[ad H$ÊR>`wŠV… M ApñVŸ&

8. lram_… _hmoañH$… = {dembdjñWb`wŠV… ; _hoîdmg… = loð>… YZwY©a…; JyT>OÌw… = Amd¥Îmm§g…; A[aÝX_… = eÌwX_ZH$mar ; AmOmZw~mhþ… = XrK©~mhþ`wŠV…; gw{eam… = gwÝXa_ñVH$`wŠV… ; gwbbmQ>… = gwÝXabbmQ>`wŠV…; gw{dH«$_… = namH«$_rŸ&

VmËn`©_² - lram_… {dembdjñWb`wŠV… loð>YZwY©a… gwÝXa_ñVH$`wŠV… gwÝXa bbmQ>`wŠV… _hmnamH«$_embr eÌwg§hmao _hmZ²> g_W©… M ApñVŸ&

9. am_… Y_©©k… = Y_©{dV²> ; gË`gÝY… = gË`à{Vk…; àOmZm§ {hVo aV… = àOmZm§ {hVo {ZaV…; èñdr = H$s{V©_mZ²> ; kmZgånÞ… = kmZr ; ew{M… = n{dÌmË_m ; dí`… = {OVopÝÐ`…; g_m{Y_mZ²> = EH$mJ«{MÎm…Ÿ&

VmËn`©_² - lram_… Y_©{dV²> gË`à{Vk… pñWa_ZñH$… àOm{hVo {ZaV… H$s{V©_mZ²> kmZr n{dÌmË_m {OVopÝÐ`… EH$mJ«{MÎm… M ApñVŸ&

10. lram_… àOmn{Vg_… = {d[a{#mgÑe… ; lr_mZ²> = bú_r`wV… ; YmVm = nmofH$… ; [anw{ZfyXZ… = eÌw{dZmeH$… ; OrdbmoH$ñ` = g_ñVàm{UdJ©ñ` a{jVm = ajH$… ; Y_©ñ` = gZmVZ Y_©ñ`;

n[aa{jVm = ajUo {ZaV… &

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VmËn`©_² - lram_… àOmn{Vg_… Eoœ`©dmZ²> gd}fm§ nmofH$…

g_ñVàm{UdJ©ñ` ajH$… eÌwZmeH$… gZmVZY_©ñ` ajUo gXm {ZaV… M

ApñVŸ&

Aä`mg…


1. Am{XH$mì`§ {H$_²> ?

2. “am_mÙ§” {H$_²> B{V à{gÕ_²>?

3. lram_… H$`mo… nwÌ… ?

4. bmoHo$ H$… JwUdmZ²> AmgrV²> ?

5. lram_… j_`m H$`m g_… AmgrV²> ?

2. [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

1. ZmaX§ .............. dmë_r{H$_©w{Znw“d_²>Ÿ&

2. Y_©kíM H¥$VkíM .............. ÑT>d«V…Ÿ&

3. {dnwbm§gmo _hm~mhþ… ........................ _hmhZw…Ÿ&

4. a[jVm … ............................ Y_©ñ` n[aa{jVmŸ&

3. n`m©`nXm{Z {bIVŸ&

1. Vnñdr 2. {dÛmZ²> 3. Xodm… 4. àOmn{V… 5. OZ…

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4. nw§{b“ - ñÌr{b“ - Znw§gH${b“ - nXm{Z n¥WH$²> H¥$Ëdm {bIVŸ&

Y_©k…, dM…, gmåàV_²>, g§ñH¥${V…, am_mÙ_², dmë_r{H$…, ZmQ>H$m{ZŸ&

5. Xe{^… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m AmL²>½b^mf`m dm {bIVŸ&

1. am_mÙ{dfò {bIVŸ&

2. am_ñ` AmXe©JwUmZ²> dU©`VŸ&

{H«$`mH$bmn…

am_ñ` AmXe©JwUofw H${Vn`JwUmZ²> {bIV&

1. ~w{Õ

_mZ²>

2.

3.4. 5.

6.

7.

am_ñ`JwUm…

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fmoS>e… nmR>…

~w{Õ: g“mZwgm[aUr

H${íMV²> {H$amV… ewH$emdH$Û`§ {dH«o$Vw§ {dn{U_²> AmJÀN>{VŸ& VXm EH$…

gmYw… VÌ AmJÀN>{VŸ& EH$… gm¡{ZH$… A{n VÌ AmJÀN>{VŸ&

ho {H$amV, EH$ñ` ewH$ñ`

{H$`V²> _yë`_²> ?

^mo… gmYmo,EH$ñ` ewH$ñ` Xe ê$ß`H$m{U&

©

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gmYw… ewH§$ ñdrH$amo{V, Aml_§ à{V JÀN>{V MŸ&

ho nwéf, EH$ñ`

ewH$ñ` Xe ê$ß`H$m{UŸ&

Xeê$ß`H$m{U ñdrH$amoVw ^dmZ²>Ÿ& EH§$ ewH§$ `ÀN>VwŸ&

ho {H$amV, _ø_²> A{n EH§$ ewH§$ `ÀN>Ÿ&

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Xeê$ß`H$m{U ñdrHw$éŸ&

gm¡{ZH$… ewH§$ ñdrH$amo{V, ñdJ¥h§ à{V JÀN>{V MŸ&

gm¡{ZH$ñ` J¥ho -

Amhag§ha

H$ÊR>§ {^ÚoV

_m§g§^jm_

aº§$ {n~m_

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gmYmo… Aml_o -

EH$Xm EH$… lmÝV… n{WH$…

\$bm{Z ^j`Vw

AmJÀN>Vw, Cn{deVw

Ob§ {n~Vw {dlmpÝV¨ ñdrH$amoVw&

hm hm hm ! AVrd Vmn…Ÿ& H$ñ`m{n J¥h_²> Bd ApñVŸ& VÌ {H${#mV²> H$mb§ Cn{dem{_Ÿ&

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g… n{WH$… gm¡{ZH$J¥hñ` g_rn_²> AmJÀN>{VŸ&

^rV… n{WH$… VV… Ymd{VŸ&

Amha g§ha......

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lmÝV… n{WH$… {H${#mV²> Xya§ JËdm gmYmo… Aml_§ à{de{VŸ&

VÌ -

AmJÀN>Vw, Cn{deVw, Ob§ {n~Vw,

\$bm{Z ^j`Vw, {dlmpÝV¨H$amoVw ^dmZ²>Ÿ&

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lmÝV… AmíM`©M{H$V… M n{WH$…

VÌ¡d {dlmpÝV¨ H$amo{VŸ&

gmYw… Aml__²> AmJÀN>{VŸ&

nyÁ` ! VÌ EH$… ewH$… _m§ ÑîQ‰>m ‘àha’, g§ha, aŠV§$ {n~m_ B{V

H$Qw>dMZm{Z AdXV²>Ÿ& naÝVw AÌ Ef… ewH$… _¥XwdMZm{Z dX{VŸ& {H$_W©_²> Ed_²>?

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{à`m… N>mÌm…Ÿ& gmYw… {H$_²> CÎma§ XXm{V ?

B{V {dMma§ Hw$_©…Ÿ&

AZÝVa§ [aº$ñWmZm{Z C{MVnX¡… nya{`Ëdm H$Wm`m… g_mqá Hw$_©…Ÿ&

g… ewH$…........ J¥ho qhò§ H$_© Aní`V²&.......................dMZm{Z M Al¥UmoV²>Ÿ& AV… Ed_²> AdXV²>Ÿ&

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A ` § ewH$… AÌ ........ gmYw H$_© ní`{VŸ&........ dMZm{Z e¥Umo{V MŸ& AV… Ed§ dX{VŸ&

g“mZwgm[aUr ~w{Õ… ^d{VŸ& AV… ...... ghdmg… Amdí`H$…Ÿ&

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Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎmaV &

1. EH$ñ` ewH$ñ` {H$`V²> _m¡ë`_²?

2. ewH$… gm¡{ZH$ñ` J¥ho H$sÑe§ H$_© Aní`V² ? 3. ewH$… H$ñ` J¥ho _¥XwdMZm{Z l¥Umo{V ? 4. g“mZwgm[aUr H$m ^d{V ? 5. H$ñ` ghdmg… Amdí`H$… ?2. `Wm{ZX©oe§ {bIV &

1. ‘EH$ñ` ewH$ñ` Xeê$ß`H$m{U’ & H$: nmR>: ? H$: dX{V ? H§$ dX{V ? 2. ‘{dlmpÝV¨ ñdrH$amoVw’& H$: nmR>: ? H$: dX{V ? H§$ dX{V ? 3. ‘g… ewH$… qhò§ H$_© Aní`V²’& H$: nmR>: ? H$: dX{V ? H§$ dX{V ? 3. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIV &

1. ................... ................... ê$ß`H$m{U 2. ewH$ñ` ................... ................... 3. Aml__²> ................... ................... 4. ................... ................... g‚mZmZm_²>4. EVofm§ nXmZm§ g_mZmW©H$nX§ nmR>mV²> {MËdm {bIV &

1. e~a…> = .............. 2. ApÝVH$_²> = .............. 3. H$m`©_²> = .............. 4. gmYw: = .................

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5. EVofm§ nXmZm§ {déÕmW©H$nX§ nmR>mV²> {MËdm {bIV &

1. XwO©Z… x ........... 2. _¥Xw x ............

3. gmYwH$_© x ........... 4. lmÝV: x ...........

6. gpÝYnX§ {d^Á` g§`moÁ` dm {bIV &

1. VÌ¡d = ............. + ......................

2. H$ñ`m{n = ............. + ......................

3. A{n + EH$_²> = .................................

4. g“ + AZwgma_²> = ...........................

7. AZ`mo… nX`mo… {deofU§ {deoî`§ M {MËdm {bIVŸ&

{deofU_² > {deoî`_²>

CXmhaU_² - gwÝXa… ~mbH$… - gwÝXa… ~mbH$…

1. EH$ñ` ewH$ñ` -

2. lmÝV… n{WH$… -

3. _¥Xy{Z dMZm{Z -

4. qhò§ H$_© -

5. ^rV… n{WH$… -

********

AdYo`m§e…

ì`mH$aU{deof… - ‘^dÚmoJo Z _Ü`_…’ B{V gyÌoU ^dV²> AWdm ^dVr

B{V eãXñ` `moJo {H«$`mnX§ àW_nwéfo Ed ^d{VŸ Z Vw _Ü`_nwéfo&

CXmhaU_² - ^dmZ²> nmR>§ nR>VwŸ& ^dVr JrV§ Jm`VwŸ&

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gyº${H«$`mnXê$noU [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`VŸ&

1. ^dVr _ø§ nwñVH§$ ................................. & (Xm) Ÿ

2. ^dmZ²> íbmoH§$ ...................................... &({bI²>)Ÿ

3. ^dVr _`m gh ................................... & (H«$sS²>)Ÿ

4. ^dmZ²> nmR>§ ....................................... & (nR²>)Ÿ

{H«$`mH$bmn…

AYmo{b{IV§ ícmoH§$ n{R>Ëdm BpÝÐ`§ gyŠVH$_©Um gh _ob`VŸ&

{Oô H$sV©` Ho$ed§ _wa[anw§ MoVmo Ô lrYa_²>

nm{UÛÝÛ g_M©`mÀ`wVH$Wm… lmoÌÛ` Ëd§ lwUwŸ&

H¥$îU§ bmoH$` bmoMZÛ` haoJ©ÀN>m{”« `w½_mb`§

{OK« K«mU _wHw$ÝXnmXVwbgt _yY©Þ_mYmojO_²>Ÿ&&

(lrdoXmÝVXo{eH${da{MV§ _wHw$ÝX_mbmñVmoÌ_²>)

1. {Oˆm`m… AÀ`wVH$WmZm§ ldU_²> .......................

2. MoVg… H¥$îUmdbmoH$Z_²> ......................

3. nm{UÛÝÛñ` _wHw$ÝXnmXVwbgrK«mUZ_²> ......................

4. lmoÌÛ`ñ` Ho$edñ` H$sV©Z_²> ......................

5. bmoMZÛ`ñ` AYmojOZ_Z_²> ......................

6. K«mUñ` _wa[anmo… ÔZ_²> ......................

7. _yÜZ©… lrYañ` g_M©Z_²> ......................

********

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gáXe… nmR>…

Yra… Jwé^º$…àmMrZH$mbo JwéHw$bo AYr`mZm… Jwé^º$m… Yram… M {eî`m…

AmgZ²& VmÑeofw Amé{U… A{n AÝ`V_…& _hm^maVo {dÚ_mZ_² AméÊ`wnm»`mZ_² AméUo… Jwé^{º$§ Y¡Wª M Xe©`{V& VXþnm»`mZ_² AÌ g“¥ø àXÎm_²&

Ym¡å`mo Zm_ à{gÕ… Jwé… AmgrV²& Vñ`ml_… ZÚm… ñdÀN>o gwÝXao Vrao AmgrV²& AZoHo$ N>mÌm… AÜ``ZmWª V_² Aml__² AmJÀN>pÝV ñ_& VoîdÝ`V_… Amé{U…& Ym¡å`… Voä`… AeZ-dg{V-dóm{XH§$ XËdm ~moYZH$m`ª H$amo{V ñ_&

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Aml_o à{V{XZ§ empÝVnmR>nyd©H§$ AÜ``Z§ àmaä`Vo& gd} N>mÌm… Aml_{Z`_mZwgmaoU H$m`©nam… ^dpÝV& H«$sS>m `moJmä`mgm{X nmR>çoVa {dfòîd{n Amgº$m… ^dpÝV& EH$pñ_Z² {Xdgo {ZerWo _hVr d¥{ï>… A^dV²& {dÚwVm§ àIaàH$meoZ, OÄPmdmVoZ M gmH§$ Kmoa§ JO©ÝV… _oKm… Adf©Z²& Aml_mV² AZ{VXÿao Ym¡å`ñ` em{bjoÌmÊ`mgZ²& Vm{Z M A{Vd¥îQ>çm Obny[aVmÝ`mgZ²& ObàdmhoZ Ho$XmaIÊS>§ H${#mV² ^¾_²& ^¾mV² IÊS>mV² Obàdmh… doJoZ ~{h… {ZJ©V…& gd} N>mÌm… gwám… AmgZ²& gwá… Ym¡å`… CËWm` JdmjoU ~{h… Aní`V²& _hË`m d¥îQ>çm gd©Ì Obàdmh… AmgrV²& àdmhñ` eãX§ lwËdm {MÝVm_¾… Jwé… Ym¡å`… qH$H$V©ì`Vm_yT>… A^dV²& VXmZr_od Amé{U: OmJ¥V… Jwég_rn§ AmJÀN>V²& Jwé… AdXV² - AméUo, ní` ~{h… A{Vd¥îQ>çm Ho$XmaIÊS>§ ^¾_² Bd ^m{V& Aml_§ n[aV… Obàdmh… Ñí`Vo& qH$ H$amo{_? B{V& Amé{UadXV² AmMm`© _mñVw {MÝVm& ~{hJ©Ëdm ní`m{_ qH$ OmV_²? B{V&

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Ym¡å`ñ` Amé{U{dfò _hmZ² AmXa… AmgrV²& `V… g… Jwégodm§

lÕ`m H$amo{V ñ_& AÜ``Zo@{n {ZnwU… AmgrV²&

AW Amé{U… Aml_Ûma§ CÕmQ>ç ~{haJÀN>V²& JËdm M Ho$XmaIÊS>§

^¾§ ÑîQ‰>m A[MÝV`V² qH$ H$m`ª BXmZr_²? B{V& VÌ Z B[ï>H$m… AmgZ² Z

dm {ebmü& {H$#mV² {dMm`© Amé{U… ^¾ñ` Ho$XmaIÊS>ñ` _Üò AñdnV²&

VoZ Obàdmh… AdéÕ…& H«$_oU d¥{ï>a{n emÝVm&

à^mVo gÄOmVo@{n Amé{U_² AZmJV§ drú` Jwé… gVrÏ`m©ü gå^«mÝVm…

A^dZ²& gd} {_{bËdm AméqU AÝdoïw>§ àd¥Îmm…& `Xm Vo em{bjoÌñ`

g_rn_² AmJVm… VXm Ho$XmaIÊS>_Üò e`mZ_² AméqU ÑîQ²>dm M{H$Vm…

A^dZ²& Jwé… gå^«mÝV… dËg AméUo, dËg AméUo B{V Amˆ`V²& VV² lwËdm

Amé{U… Ho$XmaIÊS>mV² CX{Vï>V²& g M e¡Ë`m{YŠ`mV² OS>… AmgrV²&

Jwé… gIm`ü V§ _ÝX§ _ÝX_² Aml__² AZ`Z²& Am¡fYmonMmaoU M

ñdñW_² AHw$d©Z²&

AW Ym¡å`… Amé{U_² Amqb½`, {eañ`mK«m` Am{efmo XÎmdmZ²& dËg

Vd Jwégod`m Ah§ gÝVwï>mo@pñ_& Vwä`§ gd} doXm… ñd`§ ñ\w$aÝVw B{V&

Jwd©ZwJ«hoU Amé{U… A{MaoU¡d H$mboZ gd©kmo@^dV²& AZoZ¡d Amé{U…

CÔmbH$ B{V à{gÕ…& VXþº$_²-

A{^dmXZerbñ` {ZË`§ d¥Õmongo{dZ…&

MËdm[a Vñ` dY©ÝVo Am`w{d©Úm èmo ~b_²&&

* * * *

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Aä`mg…

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV&

1. Ym¡å`ñ` Aml_… Hw$Ì AmgrV²?

2. N>mÌm… {H$_Wª Ym¡å`ñ` Aml__² AmJÀN>pÝV ñ_?

3. H$`m em{bjoÌmUr Obny[aVmÝ`mgZ²?

4. H$ñ` AZwJ«hoU Amê${U… gd©kmo@^º$?

2. [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V&

1. Aml_mV² ....... Ym¡å`ñ` em{bjoÌmÊ`mgZ²&

2. Aê${U… OmJ¥V… .... g_rn_² AmJÀN>V²&

3. Ym¡å`ñ` Amê${U{dfò _hmZ² ..... AmgrV²&

4. H«$_oU .... emÝVm&

3. g_mZmW©H$nX§ {bIV&

1. d¥{ï>… 2. Jwé… 3. N>mÌ… 4. à^mV…4. {déÕmW©H$nX§ {bIV&

1. OmJ¥V… 2. AmXa… 3. _ÝX§-_ÝX_² 4. e¡Ë`_²5. {ZX}emZwgma_² CÎma§ {bIV&

1. AmMm`©, _mñVw {MÝVm& H$… nmR>…? H$… AdXV²? H$_² AdXV²?2. dËg, Vd god`m Ah§ gÝVwï>mo@pñ_& H$… nmR>…? H$… AdXV²? H$_² AdXV²?

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6. gpÝY§ {d^Á` Zm_ {bIV&

1. VoîdÝ`V_… 2. em{bjoÌmÊ`mgZ²

3. Am¡fYmonMmaoU 4. Jwd©ZwJ«hoU

7. Xe{^… dmŠ`¡… CÎma§ _mV¥^mf`m {bIVŸ&

1. Cn_Ý`mo… Jwé^{ŠV§ {dd¥UwVŸ&

2. Ym¡å`_h{f©… H$W_²> Cn_Ý`mo… Jwé^{ŠV§ narjVo?

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Aï>mXe… nmR>…

AZwdmX…

D PæÙÜX®Ü ÊÝPÜÂWÜÙÜ®Üá° ÓÜíÓÜ¢ñÜ »ÝÐæWæ A®ÜáÊÝ©ÔÄ.

Translate the following Sentences into Samskrit.1. ÖÜÓÜáÊÜâ ±Üäg¯à¿áÊÝX¨æ.A¨Üá ®ÜÊÜáWæ ÖÝÆ®Üá° PæãvÜáñÜ¤¨æ.

ñÝÀá¿áíñæ®ÜÊÜá¾®Üá°±ÝÈÓÜáñÜ¤¨æ.

The Cow is a sacred animal. It gives milk to us. It protects us like a mother.

2. ®Ü®Ü° ±ÜâÓÜ¤PÜ¨Ü ÖæÓÜÃÜá “ÓÜíÓÜ¢ñÜ ÃÜÎ¾”. C¨ÜÃÜÈÉ JÙæÛ¿á PÜ¥æWÜÚÊæ.

ÊÜá«ÜáÃÜÊÝ¨Ü±Ü¨ÜÂWÜÙÜãCÊæ.

The name of my book is ‘Samskrita Rashmi’. It contains very good stories and lovely poems also.

3. ©à±ÝÊÜÚÖÜŸºÊÜ®Üá°BÍÜÌ¿áágÊÜÞÓÜ¨ÜÈÉBaÜÄÓÜÇÝWÜáñÜ¤¨æ. ÝÆPÜ

¸ÝÆQ¿áÃÜá®ÜãñÜ®ÜÊÜÓÜ÷WÜÙÜ®Üá°«ÜÄÓÜáñÝ¤Ãæ.

Deepavali festival is celabrated in Aashwayuja month. Boys and girls wear new clothes.

4. ÓÜíÓÜ¢ñÜ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄÄAñÜÂíñÜÓÜÃÜÙÜÊÜä,ÓÜáÆ»ÜÊÜäÊÜáñÜá¤ÊÜá«ÜáÃÜÊÜä

BVzÉ.®ÝÊæÆÉÃÜãD»ÝÐæ¿á®Üá°PÜÈñÜáA»ÜÂÔÓæãà|.

Samskrit is very simple, easy and pleasant language. Let us learn and practise this language.

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DPæÙÜX®ÜÊÝPÜÂWÜÙÜ®Üá°PÜ®Ü°vÜA¥ÜÊÝBíWÜÉ»ÝÐæWæA®ÜáÊÝ©ÔÄ.

Translate the following Sentences into Kannada or English

1. gd}fw YZofw {dÚmYZ_²> Ed CÎm_§ YZ_²Ÿ B{V _Ý`VoŸ& {dÚm Ed

Añ_mZ² gÝ_mJ} ñWmn`{VŸ&

2. dgÝV… G$VyZm§ amOm ApñVŸ& Apñ_Z²> Ed G$Vm¡ `wJmaå^… ^d{VŸ&

gd©Ì d¥jm… bVmíM nwpînVm… ^dpÝVŸ& àH¥${V… AË`ÝV_Zmohm[aUr

^d{VŸ&

3. ^mo… N>mÌm…! _mVm{nVam¡ Jwé§ M Z_VŸ& gËàOm… ^yËdm ^maVñ`

A{^d¥Õò à`ËZerbm… ^dVŸ&

4. Añ_mH§$ embm`m… N>mÌm… _¥Jmb`§ Ðïw>§ _¡gyé ZJa_²Ÿ AJÀN>Z²Ÿ& Vo VÌ

JOmZ², ì`mK«mZ², ^„ÿH$mZ², _`yamZ², gnm©Z², h§gmZ² M Aní`Z²Ÿ&

*****

g§ñH¥$V^mfmgå~ÝYr{Z OmbñWmZm{Z

a www.jnu.ac.ina www.sanskritjagat.coma http://www.speaksanskrit.orga http://sudharma.epapertoday.coma http://www.sanskritvartmanpatram.coma http://www.bookbox.coma http://www.sambhashanasandesha.ina http://www.spokensanskrit.dea http://www.sanskrit.safire.com

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ZdXe… nmR>…

nÌm{U{dam_nÌ_²

gH$memV²> - ..................am{ï´>`àm¡T>embm,{ZÅz>éŸ&g{dYo - ..................am{ï´>`àm¡T>embm,{ZÅz>é &

_mÝ`m…, {df`… - {dam_ñ` àmW©Zm Ah§................{Z{_Îm§..................{dam__² BÀN>m{_& AV… H¥$n`m XXVw B{V àmW©`m{_&

dÝXZm{ZñWb_² : ^dV N>mÌ…& N>mÌm{XZm‘:

g{dYo

dJm}nmÜ`m`…H$ú`monmÜ`m`… _w»`monmÜ`m`…

{Z{_Îmm{ZAZmamo½`{Z{_Îm_²J«m_J_Z{Z{_Îm_² XodXe©Z{Z{_Îm_²CËgd{Z{_Îm_² nd©{Z{_Îm_²

{XZm{ZEH§$ {XZ_²{XZÛ`_²{XZÌ`_²{XZMVwï>`_²{XZn#mH$_²

nÌo [aº$ñWmZofw _ÄOyfmñWm{Z nXm{Z `Wmo{MV_² Cn`moÁ`{Z&

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{_Ì§ à{V nÌ_²

&& lr… &&

jo__² _¡gyé

14-10-2018

{à` {_Ì! Z_ñVo &

AÌmh§ Hw$eb/Hw$e{bZr & Ëd_{n Hw$ebr / Hw$e{bZr{V ^md`m{_ &

Añ_mH§$ embm`m… dm{f©H$moËgd… 20-11-2018 {XZo àM{bî`{V& VXm

gm§ñH¥${VH$H$m`©H«$_m… ^{dî`pÝV& Vpñ_Z² H$m`©H«$_o Ah_{n ^mJ§ dhm{_&

^dmZ²/^dVr A{n H$m`©H«$_mW©_² Adí`_² AmJMN>Vw & AÝ`… {deof…

ZmpñV& nÌ§ {bIVw &

B{V ^dXr`/`m {à`gI…/gIr

na_oe/n{dÌm

nÌg‘>oV…

gH$memV²,

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

g{dYo,

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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qde… nmR>…

n«~ÝYm…

JUamÁ`moËgd…

^maVo n#mmeX{YH$ZdXeeVV_o (1950) df} àOmà wËdarË`m àemgZ_²> AmaãY_²>& à{Vdfª OZd[a _mgñ` 26 V_o {XZmL²>Ho$ JUamÁ`moËgd… am[ï> _hmoËgdê$noU AmM ©VoŸ& Apñ_Z²> {XZo ñdVÝÌ^maVñ` ZyVZg§{dYmZ_² AZwð>mZnW_² AmJV_²Ÿ& Vñ` ñ_aUmWª gd} {_{bËdm AmZÝXoZ CËgd_²> AmMapÝVŸ& à{VamÁ § amOYmÝ`m§ ~¥hV² JUamÁ`moËgdnWg#mbZ_² AmH$f©H$V`m àMb{VŸ& {d{dYjoÌofw {d{eï>godm§ H¥$VdX²ä`… JÊ oä`… àepñV… àXr`VoŸ& gd©Ì ÜdOmamohU§ H¥$Ëdm ÜdOdÝXZ§ gJm¡ad§ Hw$d©pÝVŸ& AZoZ gd}fm§ _Z{g d § gd} maVr`m… B{V ^mdZm CËnÚVoŸ&

ór{ejU_² {ejU§ VmdV² gd}fm§ _mZdmZm§ _yb yV… A{YH$ma…& nwéfm… `Wm CÞVmÜ``Z§ Hw$d©pÝV VW¡d _{hbm… A{n AÜ oVw_² Ah©pÝV& àmMrZH$mbo A{n {ó`… {deofmÜ`m`Z§ Hw$d©pÝV ñ_& doXH$mbo JmJu, _¡Ìo r, dmMŠZdr BË`mÚm… {ó`… ñdofm§ kmZd¡ doZ {dÛËg^mgw {damOÝVo ñ_& EVV² gd©_{n {ejUñ ¡d à^md…& gw{e{jVm ór AÝ`mZ² A{n {ejUmWª àoa`{V& H$mbmÝVao d¡Xo{eH¡$… Añ_mH§$ Xoe… AmH«$mÝV…& VXm órUm§ {ejU§ ñW{JVàm § gÄOmV_²& AYwZm gd©Ì _{hbmZm§ {ejUmoËgmh§ ní`m_… {d{^ÞjoÌofw A{n gm ñdgm_Ï ª àXe© {V& gm {d_mZMmbZo, Yy_eH$Q>MmbZo, AmajH$joÌo, VÝÌkmZo, amOZr{VjoÌo A{n nX§ ñWm{nVdVr& gd©H$mamo@{n _{hbmä`m… {ZíewëH${dÚmä`mg…, CÚmoJmdH$meo AmajU_² BË`m{Xê$noU àmoËgmh§ XXm{V& `Ì Zm ©ñVw nyÁ`ÝVo a_ÝVo VÌ XodVm… BË w{º$_² AZwg¥Ë` gdm©… _{hbm… `mo½`{ejU§ g§ñH$ma§ M àmß` ^maVñ` J[a_mU§ dY© o w…&

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nyaH$nmR>: - 1

_h{f©: nm{U{Z:

AmgrV² {h_mb`gmZm¡ EH§$ JwéHw$b_² & Vpñ_Z² dfm}nmÜ`m`: Zm_ AmMm`©: AmgrV² & daéÀ`mX`: ~w{Õ_ÝV: N>mÌm: VÌ Aä`ñ`pÝV ñ_ & Vofw {eîòfw H${üV² OS>~w{Õa{n AmgrV² & EV_² AÝò N>mÌm: VXm VXm AnhgpÝV ñ_& EVoZ gmd_mZ: Ef: {ZVam§ pIÞ: &

AV: {dÚ`m Ed è: Jm¡ad#m B{V {d{Z{üË` g: {dÚmH$m_: Vw{hZmMb_² AJÀN>V² & VÌ {Züb_Zgm AVnV²& Vngm gÝVwîQ>>: {ed: H¡$bmgo ñdT>¸$m§ dmX`Z² AZ¥Ë`V² & T>¸$m{ZJ©Vmo _“b_`mo ZmX: EVñ` kmZmo×moYH$: A^dV² & dU©Ombm{^ì`ÄOH$mo@`§ ZmX: ì`mH$aUgyÌJ«WZo H$maU_^dV² &

VXZw gmo@ § N>mÌ: à»`mV: d¡æ`mH$aU: A^dV² & g: Ed Að>mÜ`m`ràUoVm nm{U{Z:& "n{UZ²' B{V JmoÌo CËnÞ: B{V H$maUmV² nm{U{Z:

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B{V Vñ` Zm_ A^dV² & "AmhrH$:' B{V nm{UZo: _yb§ Zm_Yo _² & Vñ` _mVm Xmjr {nVm ebL²>Iw: & Vñ` J«m_: ebmVwa: & g: {H«$ñVmãXmV² àmH²$ MVwW©eVHo$ AmgrV² &

nm{U{ZZm {da{MVñ` Að>mÜ`m`rZm_H$ñ` ì`mH$aUgyÌJ«ÝWñ` _ybm{Z _mhoœam{U gyÌm{U & EVm{Z _hoœamV² AmJVm{Z BË`V: _mhoœam{U gyÌm{U B{V kmVm{Z & Að>mÜ`mæ`m_² Að>m¡ AÜ`m`m: gpÝV & àË`Ü`m § MËdma: nmXm: gpÝV & àË oH$_{n nmXo ~hy{Z gyÌm{U dV©ÝVo & AmhË` CnMVwñghògyÌm{U {dbgpÝV & B©œamZwJ«hoU ì`mH$aUJ«ÝW§ àUrVdÝV§ nm{U{Z_od§ ñ_a{V bmoH$:&

òZmjag_måZm`_² A{YJå` _hoœamV² &H¥$ËñZ§ ì`mH$aU§ àmoº§$ Vñ_¡ nm{UZò Z_: &&

Z¥ÎmmdgmZo ZQ>amOamOmo ZZmX T>¸$m§ Zdn#mdma_² &CÕVw©H$m_ñgZH$m{X{gÕmZoV{Û_e} {edgyÌOmb_² &&

ñdm{YJ_narjU§ ñdV… Hw$éV

1.nm{UZo: JwéHw$b§ Hw$Ì AmgrV² ? .....................................

2.nm{UZo: JwéHw$bñ` AmMm`©: H$: ? ..................................

3.{ed: Hw$Ì AZ¥Ë`V² ? ..............................................

4.nm{U{ZàUrV: J«ÝW: H$: ? .........................................

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nyaH$nmR>… - 2

g§ñH¥$Vgm{hËò H$Wmgm{hË`ñ` d¡{eîQ>ç_² ApñV& `V… H$WmÛmam

OrdZZrqV ~moY{`Vw§ eŠ`Vo& n#mVÝÌ§ {hVmonXoe… H$Wmg{aËgmJa…

BË`mX`… à»`mVm… Zr{VH$WmJ«ÝWm… dV©ÝVo& AÌ Ë`mJñ` _hÎd~mo{YH$m

AmYw{ZH$s H$Wm àXÎmm dV©Vo&

H$üZ {eënr AmgrV²& g… `m§ `m§ {eënm§ ní`{V ñ_ V`m {eb`m gwÝXat _y{Vª {Z_m©` {dH«$sUrVo ñ_& EH$Xm g… H$m{#mV² _hVt {ebm§ Ñï²>dm - Ahmo Efm {ebm AVrd CÎm_m ApñV& EV`m CÎm_§ {dJ«h§ H$Vªw eŠZmo{_ B{V {MÝV{`Ëdm Vm§ {ebm§ IÊS>{`Ëdm ^mJÛ § H¥$VdmZ²& V`mo… EH§$ ^mJ§ ñdrH¥$Ë` VÌ {dJ«h{Z_m©Uo CÚwº$… A^dV²& na§ g… {ebm^mJ… {epënZ… àhma§ Z ghVo ñ_& VV… Xÿa§ JÝVw§ à`ËZ§ H$amo{V ñ_& {eënr ~hþYm à`ËZ§ H¥$VdmZ²& AÝVo M {Zame… ^yËdm

Ë`mJm‚mJ{V nyÁ`ÝVo

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g… V§ n{aË`Á` AÝ`§ ^mJ§ ñdrH¥$VdmZ² & _hVm n{al_oU VÌ {dJ«h {Z_m©UH$m`ª H¥$VdmZ² & AZoH$m{Z {XZm{Z JVm{Z& Vñ`m§ {ebm`m§ gwÝXa… JUoe{dJ«h… {Z{_©V…& g M JUoe{dJ«h… Xodmbò à{Vð>m{nV… A^dV²& nydª [dJ«h§ H$Vªw VoZ `m {ebm Cn`wº$m gm Xodmb`ñ` ~{h^m©Jo {Zn{VVm AmgrV²& OZm… Vm_² AÝV… AmZr` Zm[aHo$b\$bñ` ^ÄOZmWª Vñ`m… Cn`moJ§ Hw$d©pÝV ñ_& EH$Xm gm {ebm Xodmb o _y{V©ê$noU pñWVm§ {ebm_² AdXV² - ""^dVr Ed ^m½èm{bZr& Ho$ä`{üV² {XZoä`… nyd©_² Amdm_² A{n EH$ñ`m… Ed _hm{ebm`m… ^mJ yVo Amñd na§ ^dVr AYwZm Xodmb`ñ` AÝV… _y{V©ê$noU {dbg{V& à{V{XZ§ ^dË`m… Ed A{^foH$… ^d{V& hmam… A{n ^dË`m… H$ÊR>o {damOÝVo& na§ __ J{V… B©Ñer& àmV… Ed _Xw>n[a Zm[aHo$b^ÄOZ_² Ama^ÝVo OZm…& EVm§ doXZm_² AZw dÝVr A{VH$ï>oZ Ah§ {XZ§ `mn`m{_'' B{V& VXm _y{V©ê$noU pñWVm {ebm AdXV² - ""g{I! {eënr nydª _y{Vª H$Vªw ^dVr_od J¥hrVdmZ²& V{ÔZo Vñ` àhma_² ^dVr Agh_mZm B{V {ZpíMË` g {eënr ^dVt n[aË`Á` _m§ J¥hrVdmZ²& Ah§ Vw doXZm§ gh_mZm {V{Vj`m VyîUr_² A{Vð>_²& Vm… doXZm… __ {hVm` Ed B{V A{MÝV`_²& AV… AYwZm EVmÑe_² AÑï>§ àmnV_²& __ Ë`mJñ` \$b_oVV²'' B{V& Vñ`m… dMZ§ lwËdm gm {ebm kmVdVr `V² OrdZo VmÑe_² AÑï>§ àmáì`§ MoV² VXWª H$üZ Ë`mJ… H$aUr`… Ed ^d{V B{V& ñdñ` _yI©Vm`m… {dfò gm b{‚mVm A^dV² &

ñdm{YJ_narjU§ ñdV… Hw$éV

1. JUoe{dJ«h… {epënZm H$`m {Z{_©V…?2. H$ñ_mV² OJ{V nyÁ`ÝVo ?

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n[a{eï>_² {MÌH$Wm

embm

* {MÌ§ Ñï²>dm dmŠ`m{Z aM`V &

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Xrnmd{b:

* {MÌ§ Ñï²>dm dmŠ`m{Z aM`V &

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JÚmdJmhZ_²

_hm^maVñ` H$Vm© doXì`mg…& _hm^maVo Aï>mXendm©{U gpÝV& EH$moÎmaeV§ H$m¡adm… n#mnmÊS>dm… à{gÕm…& nmÊS>dmZm§ {nVm nmÊSw>_hmamO… AmgrV²& Hw$ÝVr nmÊS>dmZm§ _mVm AmgrV²& H$m¡admUm§ OZH$… Y¥Vamï´>… hpñVZmnwañ` MH«$dVu AmgrV²&

Aä`mg…

1. _hm^maVñ` H$Vm© H$…? 2. _hm^maVo H${V ndm©{U gpÝV? 3. nmÊS>dmZm§ {nVm H$…? 4. Y¥Vamï´>… Ho$fm§ OZH$…?

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AmÄOZo`… lram_ñ` ^º$… AmgrV²& amdU… EH$Xm grVm`m… AnhaU§ H¥$VdmZ²& VXm AmÄOZo`… grVm`m… AÝdofU§ H¥$VdmZ²& lram_oU XÎm_² A“xbr`H§$ grVm`¡ XÎmdmZ²& VXm grVm AVrd gÝVwï>m& AmÄOZo`ñ` _mé{V… B{V Zm_mÝVa_{n ApñV&

Aä`mg…

1. AmÄOZo`… H$ñ` ^º$… AmgrV²? 2. EH$Xm amdU… H$ñ`m… AnhaU§ H¥$VdmZ²? 3. AmÄOZo`… grVm`¡ qH$ XÎmdmZ²? 4. AmÄOZo`ñ` qH$ Zm_mÝVa_² ApñV?

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nXH$mof…

A“ma… PæívÜ Charcoal

AnX… PÝÈÆÉ¨Ü feet less

A~w©XamoJ… AŸáì¨ÜÃæãàWÜ Cancer

Aä`mg… ÃÜã{ practice, exercise

A_wI… ¸ÝÀáÆÉ¨Ü mouthless

Ag{hîUwVm AÓÜÖÜ®æ intolerance

Aqhgm A×íÓæ non-injury

AdJå`Vo £Ú¿áÆ³vÜáñÜ¤¨æ being known

AmË_dV² Ed ñÜ®Ü°íñæÁáà like oneself

AmH«$mÝV_² BÊÜÄÓÜÆ³qrñÜá¤ filled

Am{dîH$mam… ÖæãÓÜ¨ÝX PÜívÜá×w¨Ü inventions

AmgÝX… BÓÜ®Ü chair

Amha ñæWæ¨ÜáPæãívÜá¸Ý bring

BpÝÐ`{ZJ«h… Cí©Å¿áWÜÙÜ ¯¿áíñÜÅ| control of sencess

C{ŠV: ÊÜÞñÜá, ÊÜaÜ®Ü saying, statement

D${_©… AÇæ, ñÜÃÜíWÜ, wave

D${_©H$m EíWÜáÃÜ finger-ring

H$Qw> JÃÜoá, TÝÃÜ harsh, hot

H$m_YwH$² ¨æàÊÜÖÜÓÜá, PÝÊÜá«æà®Üá divine cow,

{H$amV… ¸æàpæWÝÃÜ hunter

Hw$ë`m… PÝÆáÊæ¿á of a canal

H¥$frdb… ÃæçñÜ farmer

{H$`V²> GÐÜár how much

MH«$`wŠV… AmgÝX… WÝÈPÜábì wheel chair

{M{H$ËgH$: Êæç¨ÜÂ doctor

{Oˆm ®ÝÈWæ tongue

OoÌr Wæ¨ÜªÊÜÙÜá victorious (f)

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X_… ÓÜí¿áÊÜá control of the mind

X`m PÜÃÜáOæ compassion

{Û{Oˆm GÃÜvÜá ®ÝÈWæ¿ááÙÜÛ two tongued

Üd{Zno{Q>H$m «ÜÌ¯ ±æqrWæ sound box

{Z…ewëH$_²> ÍÜáÆRËÆÉ¨æ without fee

{Z…ewëH$_² EbñÜÊÝX ree of cost

n{WH$… ¨ÝÄÖæãàPÜ traveller

na… ÊæçÄ, ¨ÜãÃÜ, A®ÜÂ enemy, far, other

n¥ð>a‚mw… ¸æ®Üá°ÖÜáÄ Spinal cord

àH$moð>… PæãàOæ room

àMmo{XVm ±ÜÅaæãà©ÓÜÆ³or motivated

àha Öæãw beat

n[anmë` ±ÜÄ±ÝÈÔ having followed

{^Îdm ÔX¨Üá, PÜñÜ¤ÄÔ having slit

_mOm©ar Öæ|á¡¸æPÜáR female cat

_mVwb… Óæãà¨ÜÃÜÊÜÞÊÜ maternal uncle

{_ÌVm WæÙæñÜ®Ü friendship

`moJXmZ_² PæãvÜáWæ contribution

ê$ß`H$_²> ÃÜá±ÝÀá rupee

bÁOm ®ÝbPæ sense of shame

bmo^… ¨ÜáÃÝÓæ greed

dM… ÊÜÞñÜá speech

dËg… ÊÜáWÜá, PÜÃÜá child, calf

dV©wbmH$ma_²> WæãàÙÝPÝÃÜ circular

d¡ê$ß`_² ËÃÜã±Üñæ disfigurement

{dH«o$Vw_² ÊÜÞÃÜÆá to sell

d{•… ¸æíQ fire

dmVmQ>… WÝÚ±Üo kite

{dÎm_²> ÖÜ|, «Ü®Ü wealth

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{dn{U… AíWÜw shop

erV… ñÜí±Üâ cool

ewîH$… J|X¨Ü dried

emoH$_²> ÍæãàQÓÜáÊÜâ¨Üá feel sad

emo^m PÝí£, PÜÙæ splendour

eë`{M{H$Ëgm ÍÜÓÜ÷ bQñæÕ surgery

íbmKZr`_² ±ÜÅÍÜíÓÝÖÜì praiseworthy

gm¡{ZH$… PÜoáPÜ butcher

g{n©Ur Öæ|á¡ÖÝÊÜâ female snake

gå^y` JqrWæ ÓæàÄ having united

ñ`yV… bàÆ bag

òwV_²> ÓæãàÄ¨Ü, ÓÜáÄ¨Ü Oozing, exuding

ghdmg… ÓÜÖÜÊÝÓÜ company

g§ha PæãÆáÉ kill

g_¥Õ… ÓÜÊÜáê¨ÜœÊÝ¨Ü prosperous

qhò_²> PÜãÅÃÜ cruel

jwYm ÖÜÔÊÜâ hunger

lmÝV… B¿ÞÓÜWæãívÜ exhausted

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AmH$aJ«ÝWm…

1. S>m. {dœmg… - n#mVÝÌH$Wm…, g§ñH¥$V^maVr, ~o“byé Aï>_§

_wÐU_²>-2010, ISBN 978-81, 88220-22-1, nwQ> 72-77.

2. M._y. H¥$îUemór - n[adV©Z_²>, g§ñH¥$V^maVr, ~o“byé, àW_

_wÐU_²> 2003. ISBN 81-88220 - 44 - 2 nwQ> 32-34.

3. {O. _hm~boœa^Å>… - gpÝY… g_mg… & g§ñH¥$V^maVr ~o“byé -2010

ISBN 978-81-88220-19-1

1. ¨ÜáWÜìÔíÖÜ - ±ÜíaÜñÜíñÜÅÊÜå…

2. Ë¨ÝÌ®… G®…. ÃÜíWÜ®Ý¥Ü ÍÜÊÜáì - AÊÜáÃÜÔíÖÜ®Ü "®ÝÊÜáÈíWÝ®Üá ÍÝÓÜ®ÜÊÜå…'

A¥ÜÊÝ AÊÜáÃÜPæãàÍÜ, PÝÊÝÂÆ¿á, ±ÜÅPÝÍÜPÜÃÜá, g¿á®ÜWÜÃÜ, ÊæáçÓÜãÃÜá, Êæã¨ÜÆ

ÊÜáá¨ÜÅ| 1975.

1. Timmannachar G.K., Kalidasa’s Abhijanana Shakuntalam, Bangalore Press, Bangalore, 1935.

2. Pride of India, Samskrit Bharathi, New Delhi 2006 ISBN 81-87276-27-4.

3. APTE V.S. Samskrit - English Dictonary, Motilal Banarasidas, New Delhi.

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H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ‘² g§ñH¥$Vapí‘…-3 published - Karktbs.kar.nic.in/new/website textbooks/class8/8th... · to 10 there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science