H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ ² g§ñH¥$VZpÝXZr - 2 publishedktbs.kar.nic.in/new/website textbooks/class9/9th standard/9th-langua… · The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in

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g§ñH¥$VZpÝXZr - 2Zd_H$ú`m

àW_^mfm g§ñH¥$V_²

SAMSKRITHA NANDINI-2Ninth Standard

First Language - Sanskrit

KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R)100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd stage,

Bengaluru- 560 085.

9(Revised)

H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ_²

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Preface The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi which in turn are designed on NCF - 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS, mathematics and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science and social science.

NCF - 2005 has a number of special features and they are : • connecting knowledge to life activities • learning to shift from rote methods • enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks • learning experiences for the construction of knowledge • makingexaminationsflexibleandintegratingthemwith

classroom experiences • caring concerns within the democratic policy of the

country • making education relevant to the present and future

needs. • softening the subject boundaries-integrated knowledge

and the joy of learning • Making the child as the constructor of knowledge

The new books are produced based on three fundamental approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral approach and Integrated approach.

The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books are integrated with values. The new books are not examination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner in the all round development of his/her personality, thus help him/her become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country, India.

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The most important objectives of teaching language are listening, speaking, reading, writing and reference work. These skills have been given a lot of importance in all the language textbooks. along with the inculcation of these skills, fundamental grammar, opportunities for learners to appreciate beauty and imbibe universal life values have been integrated in language textbooks. When learners master these competencies, they would stop studying textbooks for the sake of passing examinations. In order to help learners master these competencies, a number of paired and group activities, assignments and project work have been included in the textbooks. It is expected that these activities would help learner master communicative skills. Ultimately, it is expected that students master the art of learning to learn and make use of these competencies in real life.

The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the chairpersons, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and CTEs and the members of the Editorial Board and printers in helping the Text Book Society in producing these textbooks. A few works of some writers and poets have been included in these textbooks. The textbook society is extremely grateful to them for giving their consent for the inclusion of these pieces in the textbooks.

Prof. G . S . MudambadithayaCo-ordinator

Curriculum Revision and Textbook Preparation

Karnataka Textbook Society®Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Nagendra KumarManaging Director

Karnataka Textbook Society®Bengaluru, Karnataka.

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àm¸$WZ_²

""^mfmgw _w»`m _Ywam {Xì`m Jrdm©U^maVr'' B{V CŠË`ZwgmaoU g§ñH¥$V^m-fm àmMrZH$mbmX{n J«mpÝWH$^mfm ì`dhma^mfm M ApñV & d¡Xo{eH$mZm§ AmH«$_UoZ, àemgZoZ M OZ_mZgV: {H${#mV² Xÿa§ JVm{n g_J«o OJ{V g§ñH¥$VmZwam{JUm§ {ejH$mUm§ g§ñH¥$VàMmag§ñWmZm_² M {ZaÝVaà`ËZmV², gm ì`dhmanWo AmZr`_mZm ApñV & AV: g§ñH¥$Vm{^_m{ZZ: nwZa{n EVm§ ^mfm§ gmXa_² AYr`_mZm: gpÝV &

H$Um©Q>H$ àemgZñ` AmXoemZwgma§ g§ñH¥$Vñ` AÜ``ZmWª mfmkmZmWª M nmR> moOZm, _mJ©Xe©H$àíZn{ÌH$mñdê$n_² nXH$mof: M AÜ`mnHo$ä`: gmhmæ`mWª àXÎm: ApñV & 2005 V_ df©ñ` am{ð´>`nmR²>`H«$_ñ` {Z`_mZwgma§ a{MV_² BX§ nmR²>`nwñVH$_² AZYrVg§ñH¥$VmZm_² A{n ghm`H§$ ^doV² B{V Añ_mH$_² Ame`: & nmR²>`nwñVH${Z_m©Uo gmhmæ`§ H¥$VdX²ä`: gd}ä`: H¥$VkVm g_ß`©Vo &

~o“byé {n lrYa AmMm`©:

AÜ`j:

nmR²>`nwñVH$aMZm g{_{V:

AÜ`mnHo$ä`: gyMZm :-1. AY©_mg§ `mdV² goVwnmR>: ^doV² & 2. Amaåô ""Jwê$nXoe:'' B{V Cn{ZfØmJ: ApñV & EVV² Ho$db§ AÜ``ZmWª ^d{V Z

narjm{Z{_Îm_² &3. "g_w{MV§ nX§ {MZwV' BË`Ì H$Xm{MV² nmR>mÝVJ©Vm: A§em: A{n àíZê$noU ^{dVw_²

Ah©pÝV &4. íbmoH$VmËn`ª {bIV, XrK©_² CÎma§ {bIV, BËòVXþ^`_{n _mV¥^mf`m {dVw_h©{V&5. EH¡$H$ñ` nmR>ñ` AÝVo "AdYo`m§e: {H«$`mH$bmn:' B{V H$üZ ^mJ: àXÎm: & A`§

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ZmQ>H$mZm§ A{^Z`§ M N>mÌÛmam H$ma{`Vw§, eŠ`m{Z &

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nmR²`nwñVH$aMZmg{_{V…

AÜ`j:

lr {n.lrYamMm ©:, E_²,E,(g§ñH¥$Vo B{Vhmgo M), {~.ES²>. àYmZmMm ©:, lr_X² wdZoÝÐàm¡T>embm H$m-H©$i, CSw>{n _ÊS>b_²&

gXñ`m:

{dÛmZ² E.Eg².Ho$.d{gð>:, E_².E.{~.ES²>. g§ñH¥$VàmÜ`mnH$:, {g{bH$mZ² nXdrnyd©_hm{dÚmb`: H$moUZHw$ÊQ>o, ~o“byé.

{dÛmZ² na_oœa.{d.^Å>>:, E_².E.{~.ES²>. g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$:, g.~m.n.ny.H$m.hmgZ_² &

{dÛmZ² Oàm_ ^Å>:, E_².E.{~.ES²>. g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$:, _hmamO g.n.ny.H$m._¡gyé &

{dÛmZ² {MXmZÝXñdm_r {g. {hao_R>, E_².E.{~.ES²>. lr~gdoœa ZyVZ àm¡T>embm, ~mJbH$moQ>o &

{dÛmZ² _hoe Zaqgh ^Å>: , E_².E. {~.ES²>. Ho$.EZ².Ho$.~m{bH$màm¡T>embm, YmadmS>.

lr JwëOma:, {MÌH$bm{ejH$:, g.àm¡.embm, XmoÈ>{edam, _mbyé, H$mobma.

n[aerbH$:

{dÛmZ² ~¡byé ZmamÙ VÝÌr, E_².E.{~.ES²>. {Zd¥Îm: g§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$:, Ho$Zam àm¡T>embm, _“byé &

gånmXH$…

S>m. H$moQ>o_Zo am_MÝÐ ^Å>>…, {ZX}eH$…, doX{dkmZemoYg§ñWmZ_², ~o“byé.

à_wIg§`moOH$:

àmo.{O.Eg²._wS>å~{S>Îmm`:, H$.n.nw.g”: [a, ~o“byé &

à_wI _mJ©Xe©H$m¡:

lr ZmJ|Ð Hw$_ma, ì`dñWmnH$ {ZX}eH$…, H$.n.nw.g”…[a, ~o“byé.

lr_Vr {g. ZmJ_Ur, Cn[ZX}eH$… (à^mar), , H$.n.nw.g”…[a, ~o“byé.

g§`moOH$:

lr_Vr. Eg². EZ². brbmdVr, Áòð>ghm`H$ {ZX}eH$:, H$.n.ny.g”: [a, ~o“byé &

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About the Revision of Textbooks

Honourable Chief Minister Sri Siddaramaiah who is also the Finance Minister of Karnataka, in his response to the public opinion about the new textbooks from standard I to X, announced, in his 2014-15 budget speech of constituting an expert-committee, to look into the matter. He also spoke of the basic expectations there in, which the textbook experts should follow: “The textbooks should aim at inculcating social equality, moral values, developmentofpersonality,scientific temper,criticalacumen,secularismand the sense of national commitment”, he said.

Later, for the revision of the textbooks from class I to X, the Department of Education constituted twenty seven committees and passed an order on 24-11-2014. The committees so constituted were subject and class-wise and were in accordance with the standards prescribed. Teachers who are experts in matters of subjects and syllabi were in the committees.

There were already many complaints, and analyses about the textbooks. So, a freehand was given in the order dated 24-11-2014 to the responsible committees to examine and review text and even to prepare new text and revise if necessary. Eventually, a new order was passed on 19-9-2015 which also gave freedom even to re-write the textbooks if necessary. In the same order, it was said that the completely revised textbooks could be put to force from 2017-18 instead of 2016-17.

Many self inspired individuals and institutions, listing out the wrong information and mistakes there in the text, had sent them to the EducationMinisterandtotheTextbookSociety.Theywererectified.Beforerectificationwehadexchangedideasbyarrangingdebates.Discussionshadtaken place with Primary and Secondary Education Teachers’ Associations. Questionnaires were administered among teachers to pool up opinions. Separate meetings were held with teachers, subject inspectors and DIET Principals. Analytical opinions had been collected. To the subject experts of science, social science, mathematics and languages, textbooks were sent in advance and later meetings were held for discussions. Women associations and science related organisations were also invited for discussions. Thus, on the basis of inputs received from various sources, the textbooks have been

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revised where ever necessary. Another important aspect has to be shared here. We constituted three

expert committees. They were constituted to make suggestions after making a comparative study of the texts of science, mathematics and social science subjects of central schools (NCERT), along with state textbooks. Thus, the state text books have been enriched based on the comparative analysis and suggestions made by the experts. The state textbooks have been guarded not to go lower in standards than the textbooks of central schools. Besides, these textbooks have been examined along side with the textbooks of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra states.

Anotherclarificationhastobegivenhere.Whateverwehavedoneinthecommittees is only revision, it is not the total preparation of the textbooks. Therefore, the structure of the already prepared textbooks have in no way been affected or distorted. They have only been revised in the background of gender equality, regional representation, national integrity, equality and social harmony. While doing so, the curriculum frames of both central and state have not been transgressed. Besides, the aspirations of the constitution are incorporated carefully. Further, the reviews of the committees were once given to higher expert committees for examination and their opinions have been inculcated into the textbooks.

Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived in all those 27 committees with complete dedication and also to those who served in higher committees. At the same time, we thank all the supervising officers of the Textbook Society, who sincerely workedhard in forming the committees and managed to see the task reach its logical completion. We thank all the members of the staff who co-operated in this venture. Our thanks are also to the subject experts and to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

H.N. GopalakrishnaManaging Director

Karnataka Textbook SocietyBengaluru.

Prof. Baraguru RamachandrappaChairman-in-Chief

State Textbook Revision CommitteeBengaluru.

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n[aîH$aUg{_{V:

1. àmo. ~aJyé am_MÝÐßn…, gdm©Ü`j…, amÁ`nR>çnwñVH$n[aîH$aUg{_{V…, ~|Jiyé>&

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gXñ`m:

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2. lr EM².E_².gwYra…, g§ñH¥$V [ejH$…, g.~m.n.ny. H$mboO², AaH$bJySþ>, h>mgZ _ÊS>b_²&

3. lr JOmZZ ZmamÙ ^Å>:, g§ñH¥$V [ejH$…, BpÝXam [à`X[e©[Z ~m[bH$m àm¡T>embm, Oo.[n. ZJa ~o“byé&

4. S>m.amKdoÝÐ ^Å>: Š`mX{J, g§ñH¥$V [ejH$…, gd©H$mar` àm¡T>embm, gma{¸$, ~|Jbyé.

5. lr h>OaV² Abr. `w, CnÝ`mgH$…, b[bVH$bm[d^mJ. Vw_Hy$é[dœ[dÚmb`…, Vw_Hy$é&

n[aîH$aUmoÞVg[_{V…

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EzÀ£ÀÄß online hypertext Sanskrit dictionary JA§ÄzÁV ºÉ¸Àj¹zÁÝgÉ.

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doX_² AZyÀ` AmMm`©: AÝVodm{gZ_² AZwempñV & gË`§ dX & Y_ª Ma &

ñdmÜ`m`mV² _m à_X: &

AmMm`m© {à § YZ_² AmöË` àOmVÝVw§ _mì`dÀN>oËgr: & gË`mV² Z à_{XVì`_²&

Y_m©V² Z à_{XVì`_² & Hw$ebmV² Z à_{XVì`_² & yË ¡ Z à_{XVì`_² &

ñdmÜ`m`- àdMZmä`m§ Z à_{XVì`_² &

Xod{nV¥H$m`m©ä`m§ Z à_{XVì`_² &

_mV¥Xodmo ^d & {nV¥Xodmo ^d & AmMm`©Xodmo ^d & A{V{WXodmo ^d&

`m{Z AZdÚm{Z H$_m©{U Vm{Z go{dVì`m{Z Zmo BVam{U&

`m{Z Añ_mH§$ gwM[aVm{Z Vm{Z Ëd`m Cnmñ`m{Z, Zmo BVam{U &

lÕ`m Xo`_² & AlÕ`m AXo`_² & {l`m Xo`_²& {õ`m Xo`_² &

{^`m Xo`_² & g§{dXm Xo`_² &

AW `{X Vo H$_©{d{M{H$Ëgm dm d¥Îm{d{M{H$Ëgm dm ñ`mV²&

ò VÌ ~«m÷Um… gå_{e©Z: & `wº$m: Am`wº$m:&

Abyjm: Y_©H$m_m: ñ`w:, `Wm Vo VÌ dV}aZ² VWm VÌ dV}Wm: &

Ef AmXoe: & Ef CnXoe: & Efm doXmon{ZfV²&

EVXZwemgZ_² & Ed_wnm{gVì`_² &

- V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfV²&

Jwê$nXoe:

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nmR>mZwH«$_{UH$m

H«$.g§ nmR>m: nwR>g§»`m

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1

2. {ÛVr`: nmR>: gw~ÝV_² 73. V¥Vr`: nmR>: {gÕmê$T>^maVr 194. MVwW©: nmR>: H¥$XÝVmì``m{Z 235. n#m_: nmR>: namonH$ma: nwÊ`m` 286. fð>: nmR>: {VLÝV_² CngJm©íM 347. gá_: nmR>: gpÝY: 428. Aï>>_: nmR>: {dñ_¥VôXm: gÝV: 499. Zd_: nmR>: à`moJm: 5410. Xe_: nmR>: _y{V©nyOmahñ`_² 5811. EH$mXe: nmR>: g_mg: 6412. ÛmXe: nmR>: Xrnmd{b: 6913. Ì`moXe: nmR>: _mJ©ñWmo ZmdgrX{V

(H$ÊR>nmR>: H$aUr`:)76

14. MVwX©e: nmR>: H$maH$m{U {deofì`m-H$aUm§emíM

82

15. n#mXe: nmR>: {g{ÕjoÌ_² 8616. fmoS>e: nmR>: AmË_{dS>å~Z_² 9217. gáXe: nmR>: doXJ{UVk: 10118. Aï>mXe: nmR>: gm¡^Ðmo J«hU§ JV: 11019. ZdXe: nmR>: Ab‘>ma: 12420. qde: nmR>: N>ÝX: 127

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21. EH$qde: nmR>: nÌboIZ_² 13122. Ûmqde: nmR>: à~ÝYm: 13423. Ì`moqde: nmR>: AZwdmXm: 137

nyaH$nmR>m…1. JVmZwJ{VH$mo bmoH$: 1392. d¥Õm`m: Xoeào_ 1403. Y_m} aj{V a{jV: 142

n[a{eï>_² 1. goVwnmR>: 1472. dmŠàMZm H$m¡eb_²

({MÌH$Wm)149

3. JÚmdJmhZ_² 1544. àýn{ÌH$mñdê$n_² 1585. _mJ©X{e©Zr

àýn{ÌH$m 160

6. nXH$moem: 1667. nmR>`moOZm 171

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àW_: nmR>:

eaU§ ànÚo

H$ÊR>nmR>: H$aUr`:

Z_mo Z_: ed©gwVm` Vñ_¡ Z_mo Z_mo {d¿Z{ZdmaH$m` &Z_mo Z_: erK«daàXm`Z_mo Z_: gd©JUm{Ynm` && 1 &&

Z_ñVo emaXo Xo{dH$mí_ranwadm{g{Z &Ëdm_h§ àmW©ò {ZË`_²{dÚm§ ~²wqÕ M Xo{h _o && 2&&

H$ama{dÝXoZ nXma{dÝX§ _wIma{dÝXo {d{Zdoe`ÝV_² &dQ>ñ` nÌñ` nwQ>o e`mZ§ ~mb§ _wHw$ÝX§ _Zgm ñ_am{_ && 3&&

Z_ñVñ_¡ ^JdVo Ah©Vo gå`H²$ gå~wÕm`&

~wÕ§ eaU§ JÀN>m{_ Y_ª eaU§ JÀN>m{_ g”§ eaU§ JÀN>m{_&4&&

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Z_mo Ah©ÝVmZm§

Z_… {gÕmZm§

Z_… Am`m©Um_²

Z_… CnmÜ`m`mZm_²

Z_mo bmoHo$ gd©gmYyZm_² && 5 &&

AÝd`mW©: 1. ed©gwVm` = {edñ` nwÌm`, Vñ_¡ = JUoem`, Z_mo Z_: = Z_ñH$ma:,

{d¿Z{ZdmaH$m` = àË`yhZmeH$m`, Z_mo Z_: = Z_ñH$ma:, erK«daàXm`

= P{Q>Ëòd AZwJ«hXm`H$m`, Z_mo Z_: = Z_ñH$ma:, gd©JUm{Ynm` =

gH$bJUmÜ`jm`, Z_mo Z_: = Z_ñH$ma: &

2. H$mí_ranwadm{g{Z = H$mí_raXoe{Zdm{g{Z, emaXm Xo{d = ^Jd{V

gañd{V, Vo Z_: = dVt dÝXo & Ah§, Ëdm_² = dVt, {ZË`_² = gd©Xm,

àmW©ò = `mMo & _o = __ H¥$Vo, {dÚm§ = kmZ_², ~²wqÕ = gÝ_qV M Xo{h

= à`ÀN>

3. H$ama{dÝXoZ = hñVH$_boZ, nXma{dÝX_² = MaUH$_b_² _wIma{dÝXo =

_wIH$_boo, {d{Zdoe`ÝV_² = ñWm{nVdÝV_², dQ>ñ` nÌñ` nwQ>o e`mZ_² =

Ý`J«moYnU©ñ` Cn[a `moJ{ZÐm§ Hw$d©ÝV_² ~mb_² = ~mbH$_², _wHw$ÝX_² =

H¥$îU_², _Zgm = MoVgm, ñ_am{_ = Ü`m`m{_ &

4. gå`H²$ gå~wÕm` = g_rMrZV`m kmZ§ àmádVo, JdVo = JdËñdê$nm`,

Vñ_¡ Ah©Vo = Vñ_¡ ~wÕm`, Z_: = Z_ñH$ma:, ~wÕ§ eaU§ JÀN>m{_ Y_ª

eaU§ JÀN>m{_, g”§ eaU§ JÀN>m{_&

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5. Ah©ÝV: = km{ZZm_² (H¥$Vo) Z_…= Z_ñH$ma…& {gÕmZm§={gÕnwéfmUm§

(H¥$Vo) Z_… = Z_ñH$ma… & Am`m©Um§ = gwg§ñH¥$VmZm§ (H¥$Vo) Z_…=

Z_ñH$ma… & CnmÜ`m`mZm§ = AÜ``ZerbmZm§ (H¥$Vo)

Z_…= Z_ñH$ma…& bmoHo$ = OJ{V gd©… = gH$b… gmYyZm§ = gmYH$mZm§

(H¥$Vo) Z_… = Z_ñH$ma…&

Aä`mg:

1. EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV &

1. ed©gwV: H$:?

2. H$mí_ranwadm{gZr H$m ?

3. _wHw$ÝX: Hw$Ì e`Z§ H$amo{V ?

4. Ah©Z² H$: ?

2. g§`moÁ` {bIV &

A Am

1. JUoe: H$mí_ranwadm{gZr

2. emaXm lrH¥$îU:

3. _wHw$ÝX: erK«daàX:

3. dmŠ`§ aM`V &

1. Z_: 2. Ëdm_² 3. nwÌ: 4. dÝXo

4. MVwWª nX§ {bIV &

1. H$mí_ranwadm{gZr - emaXm , gd©JUm{Yn: &

2. H$a: - hñV: , _wI_² &

3. ~mb_² - {ÛVr`m{d^{º$:, dQ>ñ` &

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4

5. g_mZmW©H$nX§ {bIV &

1. {d¿Z: 2. BÝXþ: 3. Z^: 4.Aa{dÝX_²

6. {déÕmW©H$nX§ {bIV &

1. erK«_² 2. Yra: 3.{ZÝXm

8. AÝ`{b“nX§ {bIV &

1. Vñ_¡ 2. Xod: 3. ~mb:

9. g_yhoVanX§ {bIV &

1. JUm{Yn:, {d¿Zoœa:, _hoe:, JUoe:

2. Z_ñVo, ànÚo, àmW©ò, ñ_am{_

3. Z_:, am_:, ~mb:, nwÌ:

10. aoImpL²H$VnX_mYmarH¥$Ë` àíZdmŠ`{Z_m©U§ Hw$éV &

1. erK«daàXm` Z_mo Z_:&

2. _wHw$ÝX§ _Zgm ñ_am{_ &

3. ~wÕ§ eaU§ JÀN>m{_&

*****

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AdYo m§e…

1.H$mof: - 1. JUm{Yn: - {dZm`H$mo {d¿ZamOÛ¡_mVwaJUm{Ynm: &

2. H¥$îU: - {dîUwZm©amÙ: H¥$îUmo d¡Hw$ÊR>mo {dï>aldm: &

2. `{„“§ `ÛMZ§ `m M {d^{º$: {deoî`ñ` &

V{„“§ VÛMZ§ gm M {d^{º$: {deofUñ`m{n &&

3. nX ( JVm¡ ) YmVmo: bQ²> bH$mañ` ê$nm{U &

nÚVo nÚoVo nÚÝVonÚgo nÚoWo nÚÜdonÚo nÚmdho nÚm_ho

Sw>XmÄm² ( XmZo ) B{V YmVmo: bmoQ²> bH$maê$nm{U &

XXmVw - XÎmmV² XÎmm_² XXVw

Xo{h - XÎmmV² XÎm_² XÎm

XXm{Z XXmd XXm_

4. {H$_²' B{V eãX: àíZmW©H$: & Vñ` ê$n¡: gh {MV² - MZ `moOZoZ

A{Z{üVmW©H$Ëd§ {gX²Ü`{V & `Wm dm -

1. H$m{MV² Jm`{V & (AÌ H$m Jm`{V B{V {Zü`: ZmpñV &)

2. H$üZ A{^Z`{V & (AÌ H$: A{^Z`{V B{V {Zü`: ZmpñV &)

3. ~mb: Ho$Z{MV² gh H«$sS>{V & (AÌ Ho$Z gh H«$sS>{V B{V {Zü`:

ZmpñV&) EVmX¥e: AW©: A{Z{üVmW©H$:&

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{H«$`mH$bmn:

1. gyº§$ nX§ _ÄOyfmV: {MËdm {bIV &

H$merZJao H$üZ ~«m÷U: AmgrV² & Vñ`

nwÌm¡ AmñVm_² & g: Áòð>m` gdª YZ§ XÎmdmZ²&

H${Zð>§ {dÚmO©Zm` JwéHw$b§ ào{fVdmZ² & Áòð>: nwÌ:

{Xdgofw Ed YZñ` ì``§ H¥$Ëdm X[aÐmo@^dV²&

nwÌoU gå`H²$ AÜ``Z§ H¥$V_² & g: ñdnmpÊS>Ë oZ

YZ§ gånmÚ gwIoZ AdgV² & AV: {dÚmdmZ² gwI§ àmßZmo{V &

gd©ñ`, nwÌ_², Ûm¡, nwéf:, H${Vnòfw , A{YH$_², gd©{dÚmnma“V:, nwÌm`, H${Zð>oZ &

2. XÎm_wXmhaU§ X¥îQ²>dm [aº$ñWb§ nya`V &

ed©gwVm`

JUoem` Z_mo Z_:

JÀN>m{_eaU§~wÕ§ Y_ªg”§

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{ÛVr`: nmR>:

gw~ÝV_²

`ñ` AÝVo gwn² àË``: d{V VV² nX§ gw~ÝV_² & àm{Vn{XH§$ gw~ÝVñ` _yb§ ê$n_² & àm{Vn{XHo$ä`: gwn² àË``m: dpÝV & EVo gwn² àË``m: gágw {d^{º$fw AmhË` EH$qde{Vg§»`mH$m: ^dpÝV & AÌ Ho$MZ gw~ÝVeãXm: àXÎmm:&Adí`§ H$ÊR>nmR>: H$aUr`: &

B H$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "n{V' eãX:

{d^{º$: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hwdMZ_²àW_m n{V: nVr nV`:

g§.àW_m ho nVo ho nVr ho nV`:{ÛVr`m n{V_² nVr nVrZ²V¥Vr`m nË`m n{Vä`m_² n{V{^:MVwWu nËò n{Vä`m_² n{Vä`:n#m_r nË`w: n{Vä`m_² n{Vä`:fð>r nË`w: nË`mo: nVrZm_²gá_r nË`m¡ nË`mo: n{Vfw

{d.gy. g_mgmÝVo n{VeãX: "H${d' eãXdV² ^d{V &

`Wm- ^yn{V:, Zan{V:, lrn{V: &

F$H$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "{nV¥' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. {nVm {nVam¡ {nVa:

g§.à.{d. ho {nV: ho {nVam¡ ho {nVa:

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{Û.{d. {nVa_² {nVam¡ {nV¦Z²V¥.{d. {nÌm {nV¥ä`m_² {nV¥{^:M.{d. {nÌo {nV¥ä`m_² {nV¥ä`:n§.{d. {nVw: {nV¥ä`m_² {nV¥ä`:f.{d. {nVw: {nÌmo: {nV¦Um_²g.{d. {nV[a {nÌmo: {nV¥fw

1. Ed§ _mV¥eãX:, Xþ{hV¥eãX: M ór{b“eãXm¡ & AV: {ÛVr`m{d^{º$~hwdMZo _mV¦: Xþ{hV¦: B{V ê$n§ ^d{V & AÝ`V² gdª {nV¥eãXdV² &

2. ZoV¥, XmV¥, JÝV¥ BË`mXrZm§ H¥$XÝVeãXmZm§ àW_m{d^º$m¡ {ÛVr`m{d^º$m¡ M AH$mañ` XrK©: A{YH$: ^d{V & CXm- ZoVm ZoVmam¡ ZoVma: & Ed_od ñdg¥ eãX: ^d{V & {H$ÝVw {ÛVr`m {d^{º$~hwdMZo ñdg¦: B{V ê$n§ ^d{V &

· B© H$mamÝV: ór{b“: "OZZr' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. OZZr OZÝ`m¡ OZÝ`:

g§.à.{d. ho OZ{Z ho OZÝ`m¡ ho OZÝ`:{Û.{d. OZZr_² OZÝ`m¡ OZZr:V¥.{d. OZÝ`m OZZrä`m_² OZZr{^:M.{d. OZÝ`¡ OZZrä`m_² OZZrä`:n§.{d. OZÝ`m: OZZrä`m_² OZZrä`:f.{d. OZÝ`m: OZÝ`mo: OZZrZm_²g.{d. OZÝ`m_² OZÝ`mo: OZZrfw

Ed_od Jm¡ar, dmUr, gIr, Hw$_mar, BË`mX`: eãXm: ko`m: &

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· CH$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: " _Yw' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. _Yw _YwZr _Yy{Z

g§.à.{d. ho _Ymo/ho _Yw ho _YwZr ho _Yy{Z{Û.{d. _Yw _YwZr _Yy{ZV¥.{d. _YwZm _Ywä`m§ _Yw{^:M.{d. _YwZo _Ywä`m§ _Ywä`:n§.{d. _YwZ: _Ywä`m§ _Ywä`:f.{d. _YwZ: _YwZmo: _YyZm§g.{d. _Yw{Z _YwZmo: _Ywfw

Ed_od - _¥Xw, ñdmXw, Xmé, BË`mX`…&

hbÝVeãXm: (ì`ÄOZmÝVm:)

VH$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "_éV²' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. _éV² _éVm¡ _éV:

g§.à.{d. ho _éV² ho _éVm¡ ho _éV:{Û.{d. _éV_² _éVm¡ _éV:

V¥.{d. _éVm _éX²ä`m_² _é{Ø:M.{d. _éVo _éX²ä`m_² _éX²ä`:n§.{d. _éV: _éX²ä`m_² _éX²ä`:f.{d. _éV: _éVmo: _éVm_²g.{d. _é{V _éVmo: _éËgw

Ed_od ^y^¥V², H$_©H¥$V², {dœ{OV², BË`mX`: eãXm: ko`m: &

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· M H$mamÝV: ór{b“: "dmM²' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. dmH²$ dmMm¡ dmM:

g§.à.{d. ho dmH²$ ho dmMm¡ ho dmM:{Û.{d. dmM_² dmMm¡ dmM:V¥.{d. dmMm dm½ä`m_² dmp½^:M.{d. dmMo dm½ä`m_² dm½ä`:n§.{d. dmM: dm½ä`m_² dm½ä`:f.{d. dmM: dmMmo: dmMm_²g.{d. dm{M dmMmo: dmjw

Ed_od ËdM², Ob_wM², eãXm: ko`m:&

· V H$mamÝV: nw§{b“: " ^dV² ' eãX: (AV² AÝV:)

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. ^dmZ² ^dÝVm¡ ^dÝV:

g§.à.{d. ho ^dZ² ho ^dÝVm¡ ho ^dÝV:{Û.{d. ^dÝV_² ^dÝVm¡ ^dV:V¥.{d. ^dVm ^dX²ä`m_² ^d{Ø:M.{d. ^dVo ^dX²ä`m_² ^dX²ä`:n§.{d. ^dV: ^dX²ä`m_² ^dX²ä`:f.{d. ^dV: ^dVmo: ^dVm_²g.{d. ^d{V ^dVmo: ^dËgw

Ed_od ^JdV², lr_V², Yr_V², YZdV², ê$ndV² BË`mX`: &

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· B©H$mamÝV: ór{b“: "^dVr' eãX: &

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. ^dVr ^dË`m¡ ^dË`:

g§.à.{d. ho ^d{V ho ^dË`m¡ ho ^dË`:{Û.{d. ^dVr_² ^dË`m¡ ^dVr:V¥.{d. ^dË`m ^dVrä`m_² ^dVr{^:M.{d. ^dË`¡ ^dVrä`m_² ^dVrä`:n§.{d. ^dË`m: ^dVrä`m_² ^dVrä`:f.{d. ^dË`m: ^dË`mo: ^dVrZm_²g.{d. ^dË`m§ ^dË`mo: ^dVrfw

· ZH$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "Jw{UZ²' eãX: &

(BZ² AÝV:)

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.à.{d. JwUr Jw{UZm¡ Jw{UZ:

g§.à.{d. ho Jw{UZ² ho Jw{UZm¡ ho Jw{UZ:{Û.{d. Jw{UZ_² Jw{UZm¡ Jw{UZ:V¥.{d. Jw{UZm Jw{Uä`m_² Jw{U{^:M.{d. Jw{UZo Jw{Uä`m_² Jw{Uä`:n§.{d. Jw{UZ: Jw{Uä`m_² Jw{Uä`:f.{d. Jw{UZ: Jw{UZmo: Jw{UZm_²g.{d. Jw{U{Z Jw{UZmo: Jw{Ufw

Ed_od - `mo{JZ², {dÚm{W©Z², ñdm{_Z², Y{_©Z², Ý`m`dm{XZ², A{YH$m[aZ² BË`mX`: &

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· ZH$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "amOZ²' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

à.{d. amOm amOmZm¡ amOmZ:

g§.à.{d. ho amOZ² ho amOmZm¡ ho amOmZ:

{Û.{d. amOmZ_² amOmZm¡ amk:

V¥.{d. amkm amOä`m§ amO{^:

M.{d. amko amOä`m§ amOä`:

n§.{d. amk: amOä`m§ amOä`:

f.{d. amk: amkmo: amkm_²

g.{d. am{k/amO{Z amkmo: amOgw

· g H$mamÝV: nw§{b“: "{dÛg²' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

à.{d. {dÛmZ² {dÛm§gm¡ {dÛm§g:

g§.à.{d. ho {dÛZ² ho {dÛm§gm¡ ho {dÛm§g:

{Û.{d. {dÛm§g_² {dÛm§gm¡ {dXwf…

V¥.{d. {dXþfm {dÛX²ä`m_² {dÛ{Ø:

M.{d. {dXþfo {dÛX²ä`m_² {dÛX²ä`:

n§.{d. {dXþf: {dÛX²ä`m_² {dÛX²ä`:

f.{d. {dXþf: {dXþfmo: {dXþfm_²

g.{d. {dXþ{f {dXþfmo: {dÛËgw

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· g H$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "_Zg²' eãX: &

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

à.{d. _Z: _Zgr _Zm§{g

g§.à.{d. ho _Z: ho _Zgr ho _Zm§{g

{Û.{d. _Z: _Zgr _Zm§{g

V¥.{d. _Zgm _Zmoä`m_² _Zmo{^:

M.{d. _Zgo _Zmoä`m_² _Zmoä`:

n§.{d. _Zg: _Zmoä`m_² _Zmoä`:

f.{d. _Zg: _Zgmo: _Zgm_²

g.{d. _Z{g _Zgmo: _Zñgw

Ed_od- V_g², VoOg², Vng², d`g², èg², BË`mX`: &

X H$mamÝV: nw§{b“: EVX² eãX:& VV² eãX§ AZwH$amo{V

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

àW_m Ef: EVm¡ EVo

{ÛVr`m EV_²/EZ_² EVm¡/EZm¡ EVmZ²/EZmZ²

V¥Vr`m EVoZ/EZoZ EVmä`m_² EV¡:

MVwWu EVñ_¡ EVmä`m_² EVoä`:

n#m_r EVñ_mV² EVmä`m_² EVoä`:

fð>r EVñ` EV`mo:/EZ`mo: EVofm_²

gá_r EVpñ_Z² EV`mo:/EZ`mo: EVofw

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X H$mamÝV: ór{b“: EVX² eãX:&

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

àW_m Efm EVo EVm:

{ÛVr`m EVm_²/EZm_² EVo/EZo EVm:/EZm:

V¥Vr`m EV`m/EZ`m EVmä`m_² EVm{^:

MVwWu EVñ`¡ EVmä`m_² EVmä`:

n#m_r EVñ`m: EVmä`m_² EVmä`:

fð>r EVñ`m: EV`mo:/EZ`mo: EVmgm_²

gá_r EVñ`m_² EV`mo:/EZ`mo: EVmgw

X H$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "EVX²' eãX:&

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

àW_m EVV² EVo EVm{Z

{ÛVr`m EVV² EVo EVm{Z

V¥Vr`m EVoZ/EZoZ EVmä`m_² EV¡:

MVwWu EVñ_¡ EVmä`m_² EVoä`:

n#m_r EVñ_mV² EVmä`m_² EVoä`:

fð>r EVñ` EV`mo:/EZ`mo: EVofm_²

gá_r EVpñ_Z² EV`mo:/EZ`mo: EVofw

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A H$mamÝV:nw§{b“: "gd©' eãX: & ({deofeãX:)

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

à.{d. gd©: gdm£ gd}

g§.à.{d. ho gd© ho gdm£ ho gd}

{Û.{d. gd©_² gdm£ gdm©Z²

V¥.{d. gd}U gdm©ä`m_² gd£:

M.{d. gd©ñ_¡ gdm©ä`m_² gd}ä`:

n§.{d. gd©ñ_mV² gdm©ä`m_² gd}ä`:

f.{d. gd©ñ` gd©`mo: gd}fm_²

g.{d. gd©pñ_Z² gd©`mo: gd}fw

· Am H$mamÝV: ór{b“: "gdm©' eãX:

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

à.{d. gdm© gd} gdm©:

g§.à.{d. ho gd} ho gd} ho gdm©:

{Û.{d. gdm©_² gd} gdm©:

V¥.{d. gd©`m gdm©ä`m_² gdm©{^:

M.{d. gd©ñ`¡ gdm©ä`m_² gdm©ä`:

n§.{d. gd©ñ`m: gdm©ä`m_² gdm©ä`:

f.{d. gd©ñ`m: gd©`mo: gdm©gm_²

g.{d. gd©ñ`m_² gd©`mo: gdm©gw

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A H$mamÝV: Znw§gH${b“: "gd©' eãX: &

{d^{º$: E.d. {Û.d. ~.d.

à.{d. gd©_² gd} gdm©{U

g§.à.{d. ho gd© ho gd} ho gdm©{U

{Û.{d. gd©_² gd} gdm©{U

V¥.{d. gd}U gdm©ä`m_² gd£:

M.{d. gd©ñ_¡ gdm©ä`m_² gd}ä`:

n§.{d. gd©ñ_mV² gdm©ä`m_² gd}ä`:

f.{d. gd©ñ` gd©`mo: gd}fm_²

g.{d. gd©pñ_Z² gd©`mo: gd}fw

AdYo`m§e…

AÌ OZZr íãX_² Cn wÁ` dmŠ`m{Z àXÎmm{Z & {d^{º$H«$_oU dmŠ`mZm§ moOZ§ Hw$éV &

1. OZÝ`m gh nwÌr JÀN>{V & 2. OZÝ`m§ {dœmg: ApñV &

3. ho OZ{Z ! _m§ aj & 4. nwÌr OZÝ`m: Z {~ô{V &

5. OZZr nwÌt n¥ÀN>{V & 6. OZÝ`m: dMZ§ nwÌr e¥Umo{V&

7. nwÌr OZZt Z_{V & 8. OZÝ`¡ dó§ XXm{V &

am_mo amO_{U: gXm {dO`Vo am_§ a_oe§ Ôo

am_oUm{^hVm {ZemMaM_y am_m` Vñ_¡ Z_: &

am_mÞmpñV namÙ§ naVa§ am_ñ` Xmgmo@ñå`h§

am_o {MÎmb`: gXm ^dVw _o ^mo am_ _m_wÕa &&

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1. aH$ma-ZH$mam¡ AWdm fH$ma-ZH$mam¡ g_mZnXo ^dV: MoV² aH$ma-fH$mamä`m§ nañ` ZH$ma: UH$ma: ^d{V & `Wm dm -

1. MVwUm©_² = MVwa² + Zm_² 2.nyîUm = nyf² + Zm

2. g_mZnXo {dÚ_mZ`mo: aH$ma-ZH$ma`mo: fH$ma-ZH$ma`mo: dm _Üò ñdam:àbdm: H$dJ©: ndJ©: EVo dUm©: dpÝV MoV² ZH$mañ` UH$ma: ^d{V & `Wm -

am_mUm_², JwéUm,

3. g_mgo H¥$Vo g_ñVnX§ g§km ^d{V MoV² nyd©nXñW aH$mafH$mamä`m§ nañ` ZH$mañ` UH$ma: ^ì{V & `Wm dm - eyn©UIr, IaUmg:

4. {Z{_Îmo gË`{n nXmÝVñ` ZH$mañ` UH$ma: Z ^d{V & `Wm dm - am_mZ² &

CXmhaUmZwgma§ {bIV& `Wm dm - nwéfoU () (/)

1. ^rfZ: ( ) 2. AmH$f©U_² ( )

3. n[aZm_: ( ) 4. {H$aZ: ( )

5. ldU_² ( ) 6. JÀN>Z² ( )

{H«$`mH$bmn:

· gyº§$ nX§ _ÄOyfmV: {MËdm {bIV &

nwam A_ae{º$: Zm_ ................... (amOZ²- àW_m,{d) AmgrV² &

Vñ` ................... (amOZ² fð>r,{d) nwÌm: ................... (Akm{ZZ²-

àW_m,{d) AmgZ² & EVoZ {ZVam§ {MpÝVVñ` Vñ` amk: gårn_mJVoZ ...................

(_pÝÌZ²-V¥Vr`m,{d) H$üZmonm`: H${WV: & VXZwgma§ amOm KmofH$Ûmam KmofU§

H$m[aVdmZ² `V² “`: H$mo@{n _Xr`mZ² _yIm©Z² nwÌmZ² ...................

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({dÛg²-{ÛVr`m,{d) H$amo{V Vñ_¡ AY©amÁ § Xr`Vo” B{V & EVV² lwdm {dîUwe_m©

Zm_ ...................({dÛg²-àW_m,{d) ................... (_Zg²-

gá_r,{d) Ed_² A{MÝV`V² “EVmZ² amOnwÌmZ² emóofw Hw$e{bZ: H$[aî`m{_” B{V & g: A_aeºo$: AmñWmZ_mJË` ................... (amOZ²-{ÛVr`m,{d)

Ed_² AdXV²-“^mo: ................... (amOZ²- g§.àW_m, ................... (^dV²-V¥Vr`m,{d) AZw_{V: Xr`Vo V{h© Vd nwÌmZ² fÊ_mgmä`ÝVao Ed

amOZr{V{ZnwUmZ² H$[aî`m{_” B{V & `Xm amkm VW¡dmpñËd{V AZw_{VX©Îmm VXm

g: MVwa: ................... ({dîUwe_©Z²-àW_m,{d) ...................

(à{UZ² - fð>r,{d) ................... (n{jZ² fð>r,{d) H$WmÛmam amOnwÌmZ²

npÊS>VmZ² AH$amoV²&

[aº$ñWmZo _‚myfm`m§ pñWV§ g_w{MV§ dUª g§`moÁ` nX~ÝY§ Hw$éV &

1. a _m Vm

2. g d Vr

3. n ` Z_²

4. a Um U_²

5. {g ÝYw am

“ Ë` dr O… bm

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V¥Vr`: nmR>:

{gÕmê$T>^maVr

ZdXeeVHo$ ^maVXoeo AZoHo$ _hmnwéfm: AmgZ²&

Vofw AÝ`V_: {gÕmê$T>^maVr& Ef: H$Um©Q>H$ñ` loð>: Xme©{ZH$:, ñdmVÝËŒ`ZoVm, g_mOgwYmaH$íM &

~rXa² _ÊS>bo MbH$mnwa_² B{V bKwJ«m_: ApñV& VÌ 1836 V_ñ` df©ñ` _mM²© _mgñ` 16 V_o {XZm‘>o e{Zdmgao lram_Zd_r {XZo {gÕßnñ` OÝ_ A^dV²& Ef: JwéemÝVßµnXod_„å_XånË`mo: V¥Vr`: nwÌ: & A`§ ~mëò Ed AZoH$m: brbm: AXe©`V² & embm`m§ àW_o {XZo "Amo_²' H$mañ` AW©_² A~moY`V²& AmË_[dÚmgånmXZm` Aï>_o d`{g J¥h§ Ë`ŠËdm JwéemoYZ_² AH$amoV²& A_aJwÊS>ñ` H$Å>r_R>ñ` lrJOXÊS>ñdm{_Z§ ÑîQ²>dm Vñ` {eî`: A^dV² &

EH$Xm gwanyañ` AmñWmZ{dÛmZ² gwã~memñV«r JOXÊS>ñdm{_Z: g_rn_² AJÀN>V²& doXmon{ZfXÜ``Zo ~«m÷UmZm_od A{YH$ma: BË`{^àm`_² A_ÊS>`V²& VXm {gÕ: Om{VdmX_² AIÊS>`V² & kmZo gd}fm_{n A{YH$ma: AñVr{V àË`nmX`V²& JOXÊS>ñdm_r {gÕm` g§Ý`mgXrjm§ XÎdm "{gÕmê$T>^maVr' B{V Zm_H$aU_H$amoV²&

{gÕmê$T>^maVr qde{Vdf©n`©ÝV_² AIÊS>§ ^maV§ nX²ä`m§ g#m[aVdmZ²& npÊS>VmZ² nm_amZ² CÕ¥VdmZ²& MËdm[aëÎm_o d`{g hwã~{„ZJa§ àmßZmoV²& Sw>_Jo[a Zm_Ho$ ñWbo dmg_² AH$amoV²& Vƒ ñWb§ H$ÊQ>H$mÚmd¥V§ í_emZñWmZ§ M AmgrV²& {gÜXmê$T>ñ` ì`{º$ÎdoZ OZm: AmH${f©Vm:& VÌ {gÕmê$T>_R>: {Z{_©V: Om{V_VY_©^mfmôX§ {dZm Xoeñ` ZmZm^mJoä`: AmT>çm: gm_mÝ`míM gmJa: Bd g{Þ{hVm : A^dZ² & XrZX{bVm: amO_hmamOm: gd} OZm: {gÕmê$T>ñ` ^º$m: A^dZ² &

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Cn{ZfXm{Xg§ñH¥$VJ«ÝWmZ² {dMmagmJam{X {hÝXrJ«ÝWmZ² {ZOJwU{ed`mo{JZ: H¡$dë`nÕ{V: BË`m{XH$ÞS>J«ÝWmZ² M A{YH¥$Ë` lr{gÕmê$T>^maVr àdMZ§ H$amo{V ñ_& AZoHo$ gmYd: gmYH$m: gÝ`m{gZíM {gÕmê$T>ñ` {ZH$Q>o dgpÝV ñ_& h¡Xam~mX² {ZOm_ñ` gå~ÝYr gæ`X² A_rZ² {gÕmê$T>ñ` {eî`: AmgrV²& Vñ_¡ g§Ý`mgXrjm§ XÎdm H$~raXmg: B{V Zm_H$aU_² AH$amoV²& AŠH$bH$moQ>oeaUßn: {ednwÌñdm_r BË`mX`: {gÕmê$T>ñ` {eî`moÎm_m:& {ea{S>gmB©~m~m, {eewZmiear\$: BË`mX`: {gÕmê$T>ñ` {ZH$Q>gånH}$ AmgZ²&

hwã~{„ZJao àd¥Îmo ñdmVÝËŒ``moYmZm_² EH$pñ_Z² g_mdoeo 1918 V_o df} ~mbJ“mYa{VbH² _hmoX`: ^mJ§ J¥hrVdmZ²& AÝ`pñ_Z² g_mdoeo 1924 V_o df} _hmË_m JmÝYr ^mJ§ ñdrH¥$VdmZ² & {gÕmê$T>^maVr C^`mo: g_mdoe`mo: AÜ`jñWmZ_² Ab‘¥Ë` Xoe^{º${df o CØmoYH§$ mfU_² AH$amoV²& {VbH² _hmoX`: ñdñ` "H$_©`moJahñ`§' B{V J«ÝWñ` {dfò {gÕmê$T>oZ gh M{M©VdmZ² &

{eî § JwéZmWmê$T>_² CÎmam{YH$m[aU§ H¥$Ëdm {gÛmê$T>^maVr 21.8.1929 V_o {XZo Xoh§ Ë`º$dmZ² & V{ÔZmXmaä` AÚn ©ÝV§ {gÕmê$T>_R>o "› Z_:{edm`' B{V _ÝÌñ` ~{ha§JOn: {ZaÝVa_² Ah{Z©e§ M àdV©Vo & {edamÌm¡ _hmaWmoËgd:, am_Zdå`m§ OÝ_moËgd:, H$m{Îm©H$_mgo XrnmoËgd: M AmM`©Vo&

Cƒ: ZrM: B{V dJ©ôX: ZmpñV, _mZdHw$b_oH$_od, nam_mË_m EH$: & OrdZ_² AemídV_² & AV: OrdZ§ àm_m{UH§$, Ë`mJ_`§, {dZ_«§ M ñ`mV² & AkmZ§ Xþ:IH$maU_² & kmZ_od gwIgmYZ_² B{V {gÕmê$T>ñ` CnXoegma:& hwã~{„ZJao {gÕmê$T>_R>: à{V{XZ§ ghóm{YH$mZ² º$mZ² AmH$f© {V & H$Um©Q>Ho$, _hmamï´>o, Jmodm`m_², AmÝY«m{Xfw àXoeofw nÄMeVm{YH$m: {gÕmê$T>_R>m: gpÝV & AÌ OmË`VrVg_mZ{gÕmÝV: àgm`©Vo &

{gÕmê$T>Z_ñVo@ñVw pñWVàkm` Vo Z_: & kmZm` kmZ{gÕm` kmZJå`m` Vo Z_: &&

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Aä`mg:


1. {gÕßnñ` {nVw:Zm_ {H$_² ?

2. {gÕmê$T>ñ` Jwé… H$:?

3. kmZo Ho$fm_² A{YH$ma: ApñV ?

4. ""H¡$dë`nÕ{V:'' H$ñ` J«ÝW: ?

2. BVadMZÛ`§ {bIV &

1. ................... .................. AZoHo$ &

2. df©ñ` ................... ..................&

3. {gÕm`................... .................. &

4. ................... .................. J«ÝWmZ²&

3. g_mZmW©H$nX§ {bIV&

1. ZJa_² 2. gmJa: 3. Xoh: 4. J«ÝW:


1. J«m_: 2. EH$: 3. AmT>çm: 4. Cƒ¡:

5. XedmŠ`¡: g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m, Am“²>b^mf`m dm CÎma§ {bIV&

1. ñdmVÝËŒ`g“«m_o {gÕmê$T>ñ` nmÌ§ {H$_² ?

2. {gÕmê$T>ñ` CnXoegma: H$: ?

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{H«$`mH$bmn:

1. _‚myfmV: gyº§$ nX§ {MËdm JÚ^mJ§ nya`V &

(_Oyfm- dmZam:, dmZamZ², dmZamUm§, M, AmgZ², ^d, Ymd, dmZam`, Za:, ^dÝV:, kmZ-Mjwfr,)

EH$Xm EH$….............. gamodaVQ>o A^«_V² & g: Jå^ra{MÝVZo aV: AmgrV²& ghgm..............eãX¡: Vñ` Ü`mZ^L²J: A^dV² & g: Aní`V² X² aº$dUm©: `L²H$am: dmZam: Zm{VXÿao .............. & g: Ym{dVw_² Ama^V & V§ YmdÝV§ X¥îQ²>dm.............. A{n AZwYm{dVdÝV: & rV: g: Vrd«JË`m Ym{dVw_² Ama^V & ""_m..............^ § Ë`ŠËdm pñWa:..............'' B{V H$ñ`{MV² d¥ÕOZñ` Cƒñda§ lwËdm g: VW¡d AH$amoV² & V§ pñWV§ X¥îQ²>dm dmZam: A{n VÌ¡d pñWVdÝV: & gmhg§ H¥$Ëdm {ZûH$X¥îQ²>`m g:.............. Aní`V² & V§ {ZûH§$ X¥îQ²>dm dmZag_yh: nbm{`V: & Ahmo ! AmûM ©_²! H$sX¥e: M_ËH$ma: ! AZoZ AZw doZ Vñ`.............. CÝ_r{bVo & VoZ kmV§ V² Amn{Îmä`: _w{º$: nbm`ZoZ Z d{V & qH$.............. OmZpÝV Ef: Za: H$: AmgrV² ? g Ed ñdm_r{ddoH$mZÝX: &

aWñ`¡H§$ MH«§$ ^wOJ`{_Vm: gáVwaJm:{Zambå~mo _mJ©üaUa{hV: gma{Wa{n &a{dJ©ÀN>Ë`ÝV§ à{V{XZ_nmañ` Z^g:

{H«$`m{gpÜX: gÎdo ^d{V _hVm§ ZmonH$aUo &&

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MVwW©: nmR>:

H¥$XÝVmì``m{Z

g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ {dÚ_mZm: eãXm: gw~ÝVm: {VLÝVm: M B{V àYmZê$noU {ÛYm {d^º$m: & gw~ÝVñVw nw§{b“ór{b“Znw§gH${b“ê$noU {ÌàH$maH$: ^d{V & Aì``mZm§ gd©Ì g_mZê$nËdmV² {ZnmV_² BË`{n Zm_mpñV & Aì`òfw H¥$XÝVmì``m{Z A{n AÝV ©dpÝV & Vofw ŠËdmÝV§, Vw_wÞÝV§, ë`~ÝV_² B{V à_wIm{Z ^dpÝV &

{VL² àË``mZ² {dhm` YmVwä`: {dYr`_mZm: gd} àË``m: H¥$V² àË``m: B{V H$Ï`ÝVo &

Vofw H¥$XÝVofw H$m{ZMZ {deofUm{Z H$m{ZMZ Aì``m{Z ^dpÝV & Vofw H¥$ËàË`òfw ŠËdm ë`n²-Vw_wZ²-àË``m: AÝ`V_m: &

I. ŠËdm(Ëdm) àË``: - ŠËdmÝVmì``_²-

Û`mo: {H«$``mo: g_mZo H$V©¥H$Ëdo nyd©VZ{H«$`mdmMH$YmVmo: ŠËdm(Ëdm) àË``: ^d{V &

`Wm

J_² + ŠËdm JËdm & Jmonmb: J¥h§ JËdm nR>{V &

nm + ŠËdm nrËdm & Ah§ jra§ nrËdm H«$sS>m{_ &

ñZm +ŠËdm ñZmËdm & Ho$ed: ñZmËdm ^moOZ§ H$amo{V &

Xm + ŠËdm = XÎdm& ho {_Ì, nwñVH${_X§ XÎdm AmJÀN> &

^y + ŠËdm ^yËdm & Ah§ d¡Úmo ^yËdm OZgodm§ H$[aî`m{_ &

Ed§ n{R>Ëdm, A{Q>Ëdm, A{M©Ëdm, H$W{`Ëdm, H«$s{S>Ëdm, H¥$Ëdm, X¥îQ²>dm, CŠËdm, kmËdm, {OËdm, ZrËdm, ZËdm, Y¥Ëdm, bãÜdm, BË`mX`: &

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II. ë`n²àË``:- ë`~ÝVmì``_²-

`Xm YmVmo: nyd©_² CngJ©: ^d{V VXm ŠËdm àË``ñ` ñWmZo Vpñ_ÞodmW} ë`n: (`) AmXoe: ^d{V &

`Wm:- nm- nrËdm {Z + nm {Znr` &

CXm:- N>mÌ: jra§ {Znr` embm§ JÀN>{V & ^y ^yËdm, AZw + ^y AZw^y` CXm:- J¥hñW: g§gmagwI_Zw^y` gÝVwï>: ^d{V & J_² JËdm, Am + J_² AmJË` CXm :- AM©H$: Xodmb`_² AmJË` nyOm§ H$amo{V & ñ_¥ - ñ_¥Ëdm, {d + ñ_¥ {dñ_¥Ë` CXm :- a_oe: nwñVH§$ {dñ_¥Ë` embm_² AmJVdmZ² &

III. Vw_wZ² àË``: - Vw_wÞÝVmì``_² - YmVmo: Vw_wZ² àË```moJoZ Vw_wÞÝVmì``m{Z {gÜ`pÝV& {H«$`m_oH$m_w{Ôí` {H«$`mÝVa§ Xm CÀ`Vo VXm C{Ôï>>{H«$`mdmMH$YmVmo: Vw_wZ² àË``: {dYr`Vo & `Wm- H¥$ + Vw_wZ² H$Vw©_²

CXm:- `y`§ gd} H$m`ª H$Vwª JÀN>V &Zr + Vw_wZ² ZoVw_² CXm:- g: nwñVH§$ ZoVw_² BXmZt J¥h_² AJÀN>V² &J_² + Vw_wZ² JÝVw_² &CXm:- Ah§ H$merjoÌ§ JÝVw_² BÀN>m{_ &^y + Vw_wZ² ^{dVw_² &CXm:- __ {_Ì_² AÜ`mnH$: ^{dVw_² BÀN>{V &JU² + Vw_wZ² JU{`Vw_² &CXm:- Y{ZH$: YZ§ JU{`Vw§ àma^Vo &

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25

Aä`mg:

1. AÌ EVofm§ àË``Zm_ {bIV &

JËdm, AZw^y`, kmËdm, ^{dVw_², ZoVw_², {Znr`, H$Vw©_²,

AmJË`, {Z{jß`, H¥$Ëdm, {ZYm`, bopIVw_² &

2. g§`moÁ` {bIV &

A Am

XÎdm ë`~ÝVmì``_²

{d{b»` Vw_wÞÝVmì``_²

n[ad{V©Vw§ ŠËdmÝVmì``_²

3. g_yhoVa§ nX§ {bIV &

1. dZm`, nmR>m`, grVm`¡, AZw^y`.

2. JËdm, H$Vw©_², ^yËdm, nrËdm.

3. ZoVw_², JÝVw_², JU{`Vw_², kmËdm.

4. {ZYm`, JOm`, am_m`, haò.


1. ñZm - ñZmËdm JU² - ................

2. J_² - JËdm H«$sS²> - ................

3. H¥$ - H$Vw©_² Zr - ................

4. {Znr` - ë`~ÝVmì``_² .... XÎdm - ................

******

....

....

....

....

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{H«$`mH$bmn:

1. CXmhaUmZwgma§ Vw_wZ² àË``§ à`wÁ` dmŠ`m{Z aM`V &

CXm 1. ^º$: Xodmb`§ JÀN>{V & ^º$: Xod§ nyO`{V &

^º$: Xod§ nyO{`Vw§ Xodmb`§ JÀN>{V &

2. amOoe: Xodmb`§ JÀN>{V & H¥$îU§ ní`{V &

amOoe: H¥$îU§ ÐîQw>_² Xodmb`§ JÀN>{V &

1) ~m{bH$m embm§ JÀN>{V & nmR>§ nR>{V &

CÎma_² _______________________________2) ~mbH$: {MÌ_pÝXa§ JÀN>{V & {MÌ§ ní`{V &

CÎma_² _______________________________3) Ah§ boIZr_² AmZ`m{_ & nmR>§ {bIm{_ &

CÎma_² _______________________________

2. _ÄOyfm`m§ àXÎm§ nX_² Cn`wÁ` dmŠ`m{Z aM`V &

(_ÄOyfm - JËdm, X¥îQ²>dm, ZrËdm, {bpIËdm, lwËdm, Ë`ŠËdm)

CXm 1) ~mbH$: embm§ JËdm nR>{V &

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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3. CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`V &

CXm:- am_: embm§ JÀN>{V & nmR>§ nR>{V &

1) am_: embm§ JËdm nR>{V &

2) am_: nmR>§ n{R>Vw§ embm§ JÀN>{V &

1) {nVm AmnU§ JÀN>{V & \$bm{Z AmZ`{V &

1) ______________________________

2) ______________________________

2) N>mÌ: H«$sS>m“U§ JÀN>{V & H«$sS>m§ H«$sS>{V &

1) ______________________________

2) ______________________________

3) AJ«O: H$m`m©b`§ JÀN>{V & H$m`ª H$amo{V &

1) ______________________________

2) ______________________________

4) N>mÌm: J«ÝWmb`§ JÀN>pÝV & nwñVH§$ nR>pÝV &

1) ______________________________

2) ______________________________

h{gVw§ ^«{_Vw§ ÐîQw>_²> Io{bVw§ Im{XVw§ VWm &

H$Wm§ lmoVw§ M ñdáw§ M amoMVo e¡edo gXm &&

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n#m_… nmR>…

namonH$ma… nwÊ`m`

OmVw H${üV² ~«m÷U: nËÝ`m gh ZXr_² C{ÎmVrfw©: ZXr_² AdJmø _hmnyaoU Zr`_mZmo hmhmH$ma§ Hw$d©Z² ZXrVQ>o nwamUldUVËnamZ² _hmOZmZ² C{Ôí ¡d_² AdXV²- ""^mo: mo: _hmOZm: Ìm`Üd_² & : H$mo@{n Ym{_©H$mo _ø§ g^m`m© àmUmZ² XXmVw'' B{V & Ed§ àmW© _mZñ` Vñ` XrZÜdqZ lwËdm gd}@{n OZm: gX`_ní`Z² & àdmhmV² V§ Hy$b_mZoVw§ H$mo@{n Z eemH$ & VVmo {dH«$_mo amOm A^`_wŠËdm, ZXr_Ü § à{dí` nËÝ`m gh V§ ~«m÷U§ _hmnyamXmH¥$î` VQ>_m{ZZm`&

VVmo ~«m÷Umo@{n ñdñW: gZ² amOmZ_dXV² - ""^mo: _hmnwéf, __¡VÀN>ara§ nwam {nV¥ä`m_² AOm`V & VVmo@ñ` earañ` Jm`Í`m {ÛVr § OÝ_ & BXmZt ^dVñV¥Vr § OÝ_ àmá_² & AV: àmUXmZmV² _hmonH$m[aU: Vd Ah§ {H$_wnH$[aî`m{_? Zmo MoV² __ Or{dV§ _wY¡d ñ`mV² & AVmo `WmeŠË wnH$amo{_

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à{VJ¥hmU & JmoXmd w©XH$_Ü o ÛmXedfm©{U Zm_Ì`_ÝÌ_On_² & VËnwÊ § Vwä § Xr`Vo"" BË wŠËdm amko VËg_J«§ nwÊ § g_ß`m©{ef§ à wÁ`, nËÝ`m gh ~«m÷Umo {ZOñWmZ§ OJm_ &

Apñ_Þod g_ o ^rfU: H$mo@{n ~«÷amjgmo amOg_rn_mOJm_ & amOm V§ X¥îQ²>dm@n¥ÀN>V² - mo: _hmnwéf, H$ñËd_²? Hw$V: g_mJVmo@{g? B{V & ~«÷amjg: àË`dXV² - ""Ah§ nyd©pñ_Z² OÝ_{Z H${üV² ~«m÷U: Amg_² & VXm {dÚmJdm©X² d¥ÕmZ² AXÿf`_² & VV² nmndemX² Apñ_ÞœËWnmXno ~«÷amjgmo yËdm ~hwdfm©{U {Vð>m{_ & AÚ ^dVmoé^`moJm}ð>r_mH$Ê © g_mJVmo@pñ_ & `Vmo {Z{d©eof§ gd}fm_² CnH$amo{f, VÝ_m_² A{n CnH$Vw©_h©{g'' B{V &

amjg:- ""BXmZt ~«m÷UoZ `ËnwÊ § Vwä § XÎm§, VÝ_ø§ Xr`Vm_² & VoZ nwÊ oZmh_² Añ_mÔmofmX² CÎmrUm} ^{dî`m{_'' B{V VËnwÊ`_`mMV &

amOm VËnwÊ § {Z{d©e‘§> XXm¡ & gmo@{n VoZ nwÊ oZ Vñ_mËnmnH$_©Umo _wº$mo {Xì`ê$nYa: gZ² amOmZ§ àe§ñ` {Xd§ OJm_ & amOm{n VÌË`mZ² OZmZ² Amn¥ÀN²> ñdZJa_² AJ_V² & AV: gd£a{n namonH$m[a{^: ^mì`_² & VWm MmoÀ`Vo -

ly Vm§ Y_©gd©ñd§ `Xþº§$ J«ÝWH$mo{Q>fw &namonH$ma: nwÊ`m` nmnm` nanrS>Z_² &&A{ZË`m{Z earam{U {d^dmo Z¡d emœV: &{ZË § g§{Z{hVmo _¥Ë w: H$V©ì`mo Y_©g§J«h: &&

B § H$Wm Eg².do‘>Q>a_Uem{ó_hm^mJoZ gånm{XVmV² {dH«$_mH©$M[aVmV² ñdrH¥$Vm& Añ` H$WmgL²J«hñ` aMZmH$ma{df o, ñnï>m{^àm`: ZmpñV& Añ` ÛmqÌeËnwËW{bH$m B{V Zm_mÝVa_pñV &

`Xm amOm moO: {dH«$_ñ` qghmgZ_mamoTw>_² BÀN>{V VXm qghmgZ§ dhÝË`: ÛmqÌeV² nwËW{bH$m: EH¡$H$e: {dH«$_ñ` gÒþUmZ² àË oH$H$Wmê$noU dU©{`Ëdm, Ed§ {dYm: gÒþUm: Ëd{` {dÚÝVo V{h© Apñ_Z² qghmgZo Cn{de B{V H$W`pÝV& VÀN®>Ëdm ^moO: VyîUt {Vð>{V & Vmgw ÛmqÌeV² H$Wmgw B § H$Wm AÝ`V_m&

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Aä`mg:


1. àdmhmV² ~«m÷U§ H$mo@ajV²?

2. ~«m÷U: amko qH$ g_{n©VdmZ²?

3. H$: amk: g_rn_mOJm_?

4. nmnH$_©U: _wº$: ~«÷amjg: H$W§ {Xd§ OJm_?

5. A{ZË`m{Z H$m{Z?

2. [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V &

1. gh ~«m÷Umo {ZOñWmZ§ OJm_ &

2. Ah§ Jdm©X² d¥ÕmZ² AXÿf`_² &

3. namonH$ma: ^d{V &

4. nmnm` &

5. amOm VËnwÊ`§ {Z{d©e‘§> &

3. gå`H²$ `moO`V &

A Am

{d^dmo Y_©gL²J«h:

H$V©ì`mo ÛmqÌeV² nwËW{bH$m

{dH«$_mH©$M[aV_² V¥VrÒÝ_

Jm`ËŒ`m Z¡d emœV:

{ÛVrÒÝ_

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4. aoIm{‘>VnXm{Z AmYmarH¥$Ë` àíZ{Z_m©U§ Hw$éV &

1. Ûm{Ìe§V² nwËW{bH$m: gpÝV & 2. amOm qghmgZo Cn{de{V &

3. ^moO: VyîUt {Vð>{V & 4. ~«m÷U: nwÌoU gh AmJÀN>{V&

5. dmŠ`Xmof§ n[ahaV &

1. Ah§ AÌ¡d ZJao H$üZ ~«m÷U: AmgrV² &

2. gd}@{n OZ: gX`_² Aní`Z² &

3. amOm@{n VÌË`mZ² OZmZ² An¥ÀN>Z² &

4. nËZt gh ~«m÷U: {ZOñWmZ§ OJm_ &

6. `mo½`ê$nm{U nya`V &

1. (ZXr) Obo __ ({nV¥) ñZm{V&

2. Z (Jm`Ìr) namo _ÝÌ: (Ag²) &

3. (amOZ²) g^m`m§ (amkr) g_rno Z Cn{depÝV&

4. ~mbm:, ( wî_X²) _hmnyao ñZmVw§ _m (J_²-bmoQ²>)

7. n`m©`nX§ {bIV&

1. ^m`m© 2. amOm 3. nmXn… 4. eara_²

8. `Wm {ZX}e§ {bIV&

1. ^mo… _hmnwéf, __ EVV² eara§ nwam {nV¥ä`m_² AOm`V&

H$… nmR>…? g… _hmnwéf… H$…? H$ñ` eara§ {nV¥ä`m_² AOm`V?

2. {dÚmJdm©V² d¥ÕmZ² AXÿf`_²?

H$… nmR>…? H$… AXÿf`V²? H$Xm AXÿf`V²?

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9. bKyÎma§ {bIV &

1. ñdñW: ~«m÷U: amOmZ§ à{V {H$_~«drV²?

2. ~«÷amjg: H$W§ emn{d_wº$: A^dV²?

10. XedmŠ ¡… CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m dm {bIV&

1. {dH«$_m{XË`ñ` namonH$ma§ {dd¥UwV &

{H«$`mH$bmn:

1. bH$mamZwJwU§ {H«$`mnXmZm§ dJuH$aU§ Hw$éV &

AnR>:, {Vð>{g, nmñò, a_¡, ËÒ{V, AmgZ²,

godÜdo, nR>m_, J{_î`{V, Ahgm_, dgV,

Ama^Vo, AdV©V, n{Vî`W, AmJÀN>, bßñ`Vo &

bQ²>bH$ma: b¥Q²>bH$ma: bmoQ²>bH$ma: bL²bH$ma:

2. eH²$c¥ eº$m¡ YmVmo: {bQ²> bH$ma ê$nm{U &

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²

àW_nwéf… eemH$ eoH$Vw… eoHw$…

_Ü`_nwéf… eo{H$W eoH$Ww… eoH$

CÎm_nwéf… eemH$-eeH$ eo{H$d eo{H$_

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3. g_w{MV{H«$`mnX¡: dmŠ`m{Z nya`V &

1. {dÚmbò ~m{bH$m: (Z¥V² bQ²>)

2. amOm `wÕ§ H$Vw©_² AÝ`Xoe_² (J_²-bL²)

3. Ëd§ {H$_Wª (hg² bQ²>)

4. d`§ gd} Xod§ (dÝX² bQ²>)

5. `wdm§ g§ñH¥$V_² (nR²>-bmoQ²>)

6. ~mbH$m: œ: H«$sS>m“Uo (Io²b-b¥Q²>)

7. gamodao H$_bm{Z (ew^² b¥Q²>)

8. ~mbH$m: ! AZ¥V§ _m (dX²-bmoQ²>)

9. ^dVr H¥$n`m XÿaXe©Z§ (Ñí` - bmoQ²>)

10. Ah§ œ… _¡gyéZJa§ (J_² - b¥Q²>)

namonH$mam` \$bpÝV d¥¥jm…

namonH$mam` dhpÝV ZÚ… &

namonH$mam` XþhpÝV Jmd…

namonH$mamW©{_X§ eara_² &&

******

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fð>: nmR>:

{VL>ÝV_² CngJm©íM{H«$`mnXñ` _ybê$n§ YmVw: & YmVmo: {dH$aUm»`mVàË```mo: `moJoZ

{H«$`mnXê$n§ {gÜ`{V & {H«$`mnX§ {VLÝV_² BË`{n ì`d{õ`Vo & àm`: {Ûghòm{YH$m: YmVd: gpÝV & Vo Xegw JUofw {d^º$m: & EVo nwZ: nañ_¡n{XZ:, AmË_Zon{XZ:, C^`n{XZ: B{V {ÌYm {d^º$m: & gd}fm_{n YmVyZm§ H$mbmÚW©à{VnmXZmWª XebH$mam: ^dpÝV& Vo M -

bQ²> dV©_mZo boQ²> doXo ^yVo bwL²-bL² {bQ>ñVWm & {dÜ`m{efmo@ñVw {bL² bmoQ>m¡ b¥L²-b¥Q²>-bwQ²> M ^{dî`{V &&

1. bQ²>-dV©_mZH$mb:2. bL² bwL² } ^yVH$mb: {bQ²> 3. b¥Q²> b¥L² }^{dî`V²H$mb: bwQ²> 4. bmoQ²> Amkm{Z_ÝÌUm_ÝÌUm{X-AW}fw

{d{Y{bL² (gå^mdZm-CnXoe-{d{Y BÀN>m{XîdW}fw)&

Amer{b©L² (Amerdm©XmÚW}fw) &5. {bL²

6. boQ²> Ef bH$ma: doXo Ed Cn`wÁ`Vo &

Aï>_ H$ú`m`m§ nañ_¡nX-AmË_ZonX-YmVyZm§ bQ²>-bL²-b¥Q²>-bmoQ²> bH$mamUm§ ê$nm{U AYrVm{Z & Apñ_Z² df} AmË_ZonXYmVyZm§ bQ²>, bL²>, b¥Q²>, bmoQ²>,

{d{Y{bL² bH$mamUm§ n[aM`§ àmßZw_:&

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nwZ: ñ_maU_²nR²>-YmVw…, {d{Y{bL²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr)

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… nR>oV² nR>oVm_² nR>o`w…_Ü`_nwéf… nR>o… nR>oV_² nR>oVCÎm_nwéf… nR>o`_² nR>od nR>o_

{deof{H«$`mnXê$nm{U

Ag²-YmVw…, bL²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr) ^yVH$mb…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… AmgrV² AmñVm_² AmgZ²_Ü`_nwéf… Amgr… AmñV_² AmñVCÎm_nwéf… Amg_² Amñd Amñ_

Ag²-YmVw…, bmoQ²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr)

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… AñVw/ ñVmV² ñVm_² gÝVw_Ü`_nwéf… E{Y/ñVmV² ñV_² ñVCÎm_nwéf… Agm{Z Agmd Agm_

Ag²-YmVw…, {d{Y{bL²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr)

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… ñ`mV² ñ`mVm_² ñ`w…_Ü`_nwéf… ñ`m… ñ`mV_² ñ`mVCÎm_nwéf… ñ`m_² ñ`md ñ`m_

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H¥$-YmVw…, bL²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr) ^yVH$mb…

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… AH$amoV² AHw$éVm_² AHw$d©Z²_Ü`_nwéf… AH$amo… AHw$éV_² AHw$éVCÎm_nwéf… AH$ad_² AHw$d© AHw$_©

H¥$-YmVw…, b¥Q²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr)

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… H$[aî`{V H$[aî`V… H$[aî`pÝV_Ü`_nwéf… H$[aî`{g H$[aî`W… H$[aî`WCÎm_nwéf… H$[aî`m{_ H$[aî`md… H$[aî`m_…

H¥$-YmVw…, bmoQ²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr)

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… H$amooVw/

Hw$éVmV²

Hw$éVm_² Hw$d©ÝVw

_Ü`_nwéf… Hw$é/Hw$éVmV² Hw$éV_² Hw$éVCÎm_nwéf… H$adm{U H$admd H$adm_

H¥$-YmVw…, {d{Y{bL²> bH$ma… (nañ_¡nXr)

nwéf… EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hþdMZ_²àW_nwéf… H$w`m©V² Hw$`m©Vm_² Hw$`w©…_Ü`_nwéf… Hw$`m©… Hw$`m©V_² Hw$`m©VCÎm_nwéf… Hw$`m©_² Hw$`m©d Hw$`m©_

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d{X YmVw:, bQ²> bH$ma: (AmË_ZonXr)& dV©_mZH$mb…

nwéf: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hwdMZ_²àW_nwéf: dÝXVo dÝXoVo dÝXÝVo_Ü`_nwéf: dÝXgo dÝXoWo dÝXÜdoCÎm_nwéf: dÝXo dÝXmdho dÝXm_ho

bL² bH$ma:

nwéf: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hwdMZ_²àW_nwéf: AdÝXV AdÝXoVm_² AdÝXÝV_Ü`_nwéf: AdÝXWm: AdÝXoWm_² AdÝXÜd_²CÎm_nwéf: AdÝXo AdÝXmd{h AdÝXm_{h

b¥Q²> bH$ma:

nwéf: EH$dMZ_² {ÛdMZ_² ~hwdMZ_²

àW_nwéf: dpÝXî`Vo dpÝXîòVo dpÝXî`ÝVo

_Ü`_nwéf: dpÝXî`go dpÝXîòWo dpÝXî`Üdo

CÎm_nwéf: dpÝXîò dpÝXî`mdho dpÝXî`m_ho

bmoQ²> bH$ma:


àW_nwéf: dÝXVm_² dÝXoVm_² dÝXÝVm_²

_Ü`_nwéf: dÝXñd dÝXoWm_² dÝXÜd_²

CÎm_nwéf: dÝX¡ dÝXmdh¡ dÝXm_h¡

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{d{Y{bL² bH$ma:


àW_nwéf: dÝXoV dÝXo`mVm_² dÝXoaZ²

_Ü`_nwéf: dÝXoWm: dÝXo`mWm_² dÝXoÜd_²

CÎm_nwéf: dÝXo` dÝXod{h dÝXo_{h

{d.gy-àW_-MVwW©-fð>-Xe_JUr`YmVd: gd©bH$maofw g_mZê$nm{U

àmßZwdpÝV& `Wm à.JU:-dÝXVo, M.JU:-{dÚVo, f.JU:-{_«`Vo, X.JU:-

AW©`Vo&

nmR>§({Û.{d.) nR>m{_ g§ñH¥$V§ ({Û.{d.)

Ah§ (C.nw.E.dMZ_²)

nmR>m¡ ({Û.dMZ_²) nR>md: nÚo ({Û.dMZ_²)

Amdm§ (C.nw.{Û.dMZ_²)

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dmVm©n{ÌH$m: nR>m_: _ÝÌmZ²

d`§ (C.nw.~.dMZ_²)

(Ed§ _Ü`_nwéf, àW_ nwéf, à`moJ{dfò {ejH$mÛmam kmVì`_² &)

****CngJm©:

CngJm©: {H«$`m`moJo B{V nm{U{ZgyÌmZwgmaoU àmX`: {H«$`mnXmZm§ `moJo CngJ©

g§km§ b^ÝVo & CngJm©: Ûmqde{V: ^dpÝV & CngJm©: A{n Aì``ê$nm: & EVo

{H«$`mnXmZm_mXm¡ à wÁ`ÝVo & Vo - ""à, nam, An, g_², AZw, Ad ,{Zg², {Za², Xþg²,

Xþa², {d, AmL², {Z, A{Y, A{n, A{V, gw, CV², A{^, à{V, n[a, Cn''-B{V &

CngJm©Um§ moJoZ ¹${MV² YmVyZm_² AW©: ì`Ë`ñV: d{V & ¹${MV² àH¥$ï>mWª

àmßZmo{V & ¹${MV² nañ_¡n{XZ: AmË_Zon{Xê$noU, AmË_Zon{XZ: nañ_¡n{Xê$noU

n[adV©ÝVo &

CngJ}U YmËdW©: ~bmXÝ`Ì Zr`Vo &

àhmamhmag§hma{dhma n[ahmadV² &&

CXm:- CngJm©: YmVw: {H«$`mnX_²

à + ö àha{V (VmS>`{V)

g§ + ö g§ha{V (hpÝV)

Am + ö Amha{V (AmZ`{V)

{d + ö {dha{V ({dhma§ H$amo{V)

n[a + ö n[aha{V (n[ahma§ H$amo{V/{Zdma`{V)

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["ö>' YmVmo: {H«$`mnXê$nñ` bQ²> bH$mao ""ha{V'' B{V, CngJ©`moJmV²

AW© ì`Ë``: ^d{V]CngJ©demV² nañ_¡nX_² AmË_ZonX§ ^d{V&

nañ_¡nX_² AmË_ZonX_²

J_² JÀN>{V g§ + JÀN>{V g§JÀN>Vo &

ñWm {Vð>{V à + {Vð>{V à{Vð>Vo &

Or O`{V {d + O`{V {dO`Vo &

AmË_ZonX_² nañ_¡nX_²

a_² a_Vo {d + a_Vo {da_{V &

n[a + a_Vo n[aa_{V &

Aä`mg:

1. bH$manwéfdMZm{Z {bIV &

1. nR>o`_² 2. gÝVw 3. dÝXÜdo 4. dÝX¡

2. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIV &

1. nR>o: .................. ..................

2. .................. .................. Agm_

3. .................. dÝXoWm_² ..................

4. .................. .................. dÝXo_{h

3. dmŠò `moO`V &

1. Amha{V 2. AmgrV² 3. Hw$_©: 4. godVm_²

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4. g§`moÁ` {bIV &

A Am

1 nR>{V {d{Y{bL² bH$ma:

2 b^Vm_² bQ²> bH$ma:

3 AnR>V² bmoQ²> bH$ma:

4 nR>oV² c¥Q²> bH$ma:

5 n{R>î`{V bL² bH$ma:

******

Mbm{_ Ymdm{_ nR>m{_ {ZË`_²

{bIm{_ ní`m{_ dXm{_ gË`_² &

Iobm{_ ImXm{_ hgm{_ Hy$X}

Z_m{_ Xod§ ñd{n{_ àgÞ: &&

Añ_mgw Xmofm¡ dV©oVo Xmof…gpÝV M amdUoŸ&

Xmofboemo@{n ZmñË`Ì {MÝË`Vm_² AW©gmYwVmŸ&&

(Xmofm¡ = ~mhy - Xmo: Xmofm¡ Xmof:)

*****

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gá_>: nmR>:

gpÝY:

CƒmaUg_ò dUm©Zm_² AË`ÝV§ gm_rß`§ g§{hVm & `Ì g§{hVm ApñV VÌ

¹${MV² dU©ñ` ì`Ë``mo d{V& A`_od gpÝY: & gÝYm¡ Ì`: àH$mam: gpÝV & Wm

1) AM² gpÝY: (ñdagpÝY:) 2) hb² gpÝY: (ì`ÄOZgpÝY:) 3.{dgJ©gpÝY:

ñdagÝYrZm§ n[aM`: Aï>_H$ú`m`m§ H¥$V: & AÌ AÜ`mnHo$Z nwZ: ñ_maU§

H$aUr`_² &

AM² gpÝY: (ñdagpÝY:)

CXmhaUm{Z gpÝY {d^mJ:

1. gdU©XrK©gpÝY:&

gyÌ_² - ""AH$:gdU}XrK©:''&

_wam[a:

{dÚmb`:

_wZrÝÐ:

Jwê$nXoe:

{nV¦U_²

_wa + A[a:

{dÚm + Amb`:

_w{Z + BÝÐ:

Jwé + CnXoe:

{nV¥ + F$U_²

2. JwUgpÝY:&

gyÌ_² - ""AmÒþU:''&

ZaoÝÐ:

gy`m}X`:

amO{f©:

Za + BÝÐ:

gy`© + CX`:

amOm + F${f:

3. d¥{ÕgpÝY: &

gyÌ_² - ""d¥{Õao{M''&

EH¡$H$_²

Xod¡œ`©_²

dZm¡f{Y:

_hm¡Xm`©_²

EH$ + EH$_²

Xod + Eoœ`©_²

dZ + Amof{Y:

_hm + Am¡Xm`©_²

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4. nyd©ê$ngpÝY: &

gyÌ_² - ""EL: nXmÝVmX{V''&

Vo@{n

H$mbo@pñ_Z²

EH$mo@h_²

Vo + A{n

H$mbo + Apñ_Z²

EH$mo + Ah_²

5. Ù²gpÝY:&

gyÌ_² - ""BH$moÙ{M''&

`Ú{n

_Üd[a:

{nÌ§e:

`{X + A{n

_Yw + A[a:

{nV¥ + A§e:

6. `mÝV-dmÝVmXoegpÝY:&

gyÌ_² - ""EMmo@`dm`md:''&

{XZòd

Zm`H$:

{dîU{d{V

Vmd{n

{XZo + Ed

Z¡ +AH$:

{dîUmo + B{V

Vm¡ + A{n7. àH¥${V^md: &

(gÝYoa^md:) gyÌ_² -

""ßbwVàJ¥øm A{M {ZË`_²''

har EVm¡

J“o B_o

A_r B©em:

har + EVm¡

J“o + B_o

A_r + B©em:

hb² gpÝY: (ì`ÄOZgpÝY:)

`Ì Û`mo: ì`ÄOZ`mo: (hbmo:) g§{hVm VÌ ì`ÄOZgpÝY: & (OíËdgÝYm¡

CÎmanXmXm¡ ñdam: A{n ^dpÝV &) VÌ AZoHo$ ôXm: gpÝV & `Wm

1. OíËdgpÝY: -(gyÌ_² - Pbm§ OemoÝVo&)

nyd©nXmÝVo {dÚ_mZñ` dJu`àW_mjañ` (dJ©ñ` àW_mja_² H²$-M²-Q²>-

V²-n²) ñdao nao ; n#m_mja§ {dhm` BVao _¥Xþì`ÄOZo nao àW_mjañ` ñWmZo

V¥Vr`mja§ ^d{V & [dJ©ñ` V¥Vr`mja_² J²-O²-S²>-X²-~²]

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CXm- dmH²$ +B©e: = dmJre: &

dmH²$ + XodVm = dm½XodVm &

AM² + AÝV: = AOÝV: &

An² + O_² = AãO_² &

fQ²> + AmZZ: = fS>mZZ: &

fQ²> + Xe©Zm{Z = fS²>Xe©Zm{Z &

OJV² + B©e: = OJXre: &

OJV² + Jwé: = OJÒþé: &

gwn² + AÝV: = gw~ÝV: &

^JdV² + JrVm = ^JdÒrVm &

2. AZwZm{gH$gpÝY: - (gyÌ_²-àmo@ZwZm{gHo$@ZwZm{gH$mo dm&)

nXmÝVñ` dJ©ñ` àW_mjañ` AZwZm{gHo$ nao Vñ` dJ©ñ` n#m_mja_² Ed

Am{Xï>§ ^d{V &

[dJm©Um§ n#m_mjma{U AZwZm{gH$m{Z L² Äm² U² Z² _²]CXm:- dmH²$ + _`_² = dm¶`_² &

VV² + _mÌ_² =VÝ_mÌ_² &

fQ²> + _mgm: = fÊ_mgm: &

fQ²> + _wI: = fÊ_wI: &

OJV² + ZmW: = OJÞmW: &

fQ²> + Zd{V: = fÊUd{V: &

An² + _¾: = Aå_¾: &

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3. üwËdgpÝY: (gyÌ_² - ñVmo: üwZm üw:&)

gH$ma "V' dJ©`mo: e H$ma M dJm©ä`m§ `moJo eH$ma- "M'dJm£ ñV: & Mw:

Zm_ M²-N²>-O²-P²-Äm² dUm©: & Vw: - V²-W²-X²-Y²-Z²-dUm©: &

g H$mañ` e H$maoU "M' dJ}U M gå~ÝYo g H$mañ` eH$ma: AmXoemo d{V&

g + e²/M dJ©: = eH$ma:, "V' dJ©ñ` e H$maoU "M' dJ}U M gå~ÝYo V

dJ©ñ` M dJ©: AmXoemo ^d{V & "V' dJ©: + e /"M' dJ©: = "M' dJ©: A`§

üwËdgpÝY: &

CXm:- h[ag² + eoVo = h[aíeoVo &

eaXg² + eV_² = eaXíeV_² &

am_g² + M = am_ü &

h[ag² + MÝÐ: = h[aüÝÐ: &

VV² + M = Vƒ &

gV² + OZ: = g‚mZ: &

em{“©Z² + O` = em{“©ÄO` &

4. AZwñdmagpÝY: - (gyÌ_²-_mo@Zwñdma:&)

nXñ` AÝVo pñWVñ` _ H$mañ` ì`ÄOZo nao AZwñdmamo ^d{V &

CXm:- Jwé_² + dÝXo = Jwé§ dÝXo &

h[a_² + Z_m{_ = h[a¨ Z_m{_ &

J¥h_² + JÀN>{V = J¥h§ JÀN>{V &

5. nagdU©gpÝY: & (gyÌ_² - AZwñdmañ` `{` nagdU©:&)

nXñ` AÝVo pñWVñ` AZwñdmañ` dJu`ì`ÄOZofw naofw dJ©ñ` n#m_mo dU©:

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AmXoemo ^d{V &

CXm:- Ëd§ + H$amo{f = Ëd‘>amo{f &

Ëd§ + {MV: = Ëd{#mV: &

A§ + OZ_² = AÄOZ_² &

J«§ + W: = J«ÝW: &

H§$ + {nV: = H$pånV: &

e§ + {H$V: = e{‘>V: &

*******

Aä`mg:

1. {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIV &

1. _wam[a: 2. amOoÝÐ: 3. pñWË`ÝVa_² 4. _ÝdÝVa:

5. dmJre: 6. eaX¥Vw: 7. {MÝ_`: 8. dmp½dbmg:

2. g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIV &

1. amOm + F${f: 2. OJV² + Jwé: 3. eaXg² + eV_²

4. gV² + OZ: 5. fQ²> + AmZZ: 6. V_² + Z_m{_

7. OJV² + ZmW: 8. J«§ + W:

AdYo`m§e…

AZwñdmañ` boIZH«$_: ( § = _² )

· nXmÝVo - AZwñdmañ` ñWmZo _² B{V boIZr`_² &

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CXm - g§ñH¥$V_², YZ_², kmZ_²

· dmŠ`mÝVo - AZwñdmañ` ñWmZo _² B{V boIZr`_² &

CXm - AÚ Ah§ g§ñH¥$V_² AnR>_² &

· dmŠ`_Üò - nadU©: ñda: MoV² _² B{V {bIoV² &

nadU©: ì`ÄOZ§ MoV² AZwñdma§ ( § ) {bIoV² &

CXm - g§ñH¥$V§ gwb^_² ApñV AV: Ëd_² A{n nR> &

· nX_Üò - nadU©: AdJu`ì`ÄOZ§ MoV² AZwñdma§ ( § ) {bIoV² &

CXm - h§g:, qgh:, d§e_²

nadU©: dJu`ì`ÄOZ§ MoV² AZwñdmañ` ñWmZo nadU©dJ©ñ` nÄM_mja§ {bIoV²

& CXm - H$‘>U_² , n#m , gpÝY: , _ÊS>b_², nånm

{H«$`mH$bmn:

1. {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIV &

1. _hoe: = _hm + B©e: = JwUgpÝY: &

2. VÌ¡d = + = &

3. h[aíeoVo = + = &

4. fÊ_wI: = + = &

5. H$pånV: = + = &

2. g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIV &

1. Jwé + CnXoe: = = &

2. ZQ> + B©e: = = &

3. h[a_² + dÝXo = = &

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4. A§ + OZ_² = = &

5. fQ²> + Zd{V = = &

6. OJV² + B©e: = = &

7. EH$mo + Ah_² = = &

3. {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIV & gpÝYZm_

1. Vñ`mon[a = + =

2. VÌ¡H$: = + =

3. BË`wŠËdm = + =

4. EH$mo@dXV² = + =

5. C^md{n = + =

4. g§`moÁ` gpÝYZm_ {bIV & gpÝYZm_

1. aOH$ñ` + AJ«o = =

2. nÌñ` + Cn[a = =

3. _Ü`mV² + EHo$Z = =

4. VV² + _hmOZ: = =

5. JVmo + A^dV² = =

5. nyUª Hw$éV &

1. VV² + = VX`_² &

2. + AdXV² = gmo@dXV² &

3. {N>Ðofw + = {N>ÐoîdZWm©: &

4. + _m_² = VÝ_m_² &

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Aï>_: nmR>:

{dñ_¥VôXm: gÝV:

1. {dñ_¥VôXm: gÝVmo

{Z_©b^mdmnÞm: &

EH$s^md§ öX`mê$T>§ gVV§ Hw$d©ÝVw @ @

^mo: ^mo: gVV§ Hw$d©ÝVw @ && && {dñ_¥V...&&

2. nyd©O_w{ZOZH${dOZdmÄN>m gd}fm_¡Š`§

gwpIZñgd} gpÝËd{V JmZ§ Vofm§ ~hwöÚ_² &

mfmYZ_VOm{V{dôXmo öXò _m ^dVw

Xþ:pIVXrZOZmZwÞoVw§ hñVm: àgaÝVw @ @

^mo: ^mo:, hñVm: àgaÝVw @ && && {dñ_¥V...&&

3. J“mVw“mH$mdoarOb_ñ_mH§$ _Ëdm

H¥$Vg‘>ënm: H$m`ª H$Vw©_² Ambñ`§ {hËdm &

gwdU©nwînm§ n¥{Wdr_oVm§ H«$ïw>_² Am`mÝVw

àdhVw H$m_§ ñdoXòmoV: Y¡`ª _m OhVw @ @

^mo: ^mo:, Y¡`ª _m OhVw @ && && {dñ_¥V...&&

4. Kf©UbwÊR>Zd#mZhZZ§ àb`§ g§`mVw

ñZohòmoV: àdhVw ^«mVw^m©dmo ö{X bgVw &

A{Zb: g{bb_² AZb: gdª gd}fm_oH$_²

àdh{V aº$_^º§$ _mVw: ôXmo _m ^dVw @ @

^mo: ^mo:, ôXmo _m ^dVw @ && && {dñ_¥V...&&

lr {O. _hm~boœa ^Å>…

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nÚVmËn`©_²

1. ^dÝV: nañnaôX^md§ {dñ_aÝVw & _Z{g- {Z_©b^md: ^dVw & ^md¡Š`§

öÒV§ ^dVw &

2. nyd©OmZm§ _wZrZm§ H$drZm§ M A{^àm`: EH$ Ed-gd} ^dÝVw gwpIZ: B{V

Vñ_mV² Om{V_V oX:, mfm oX:, Y{ZH$X[aÐ oX: _Z{g _m dVw & A{n

M Xþ:pIVmZm_² XrZmZm§ M {dfò gmhmæ`§ Hw$d©ÝVw &

3. J“m Vw“m H$mdoar BË`mÚm: ZÚ: Añ_mH$_od {H$b & Ambñ § ËÒÝVw&

{ZaÝVa§ H$m`ª H$Vwª gd} ~ÕmXam: ^dÝVw & ñdU©Hw$gw_gX¥et ^yq_ H$f©{`Vw§

AmJÀN>ÝVw & A{YH$ñdoX: ^d{V MoX{n Y¡`ª _m ËÒÝVw &

4. Kf©U§ bwÊR>Z§ d#mZ§ hZZ§ M gd©Ì _m ^dVw & ñZoh^mdZm ghmoXa^mdZm

M gd©Ì ^dVw & dm`wObm¾`: gd}fm§ H¥$Vo g_mZm: Ed & gd}fm§ earao

_mVw: aº$_od àdh{V & AÌ ôX^md: ZmpñV &

H$do: n[aM`: H${d: - {dÛmZ² {O. _hm~boœa ^Å>:&

OZZ_² - 12-6-1948.

OÝ_ñWmZ_² - {hÎmbh„r, `„mnwa-Cn_ÊS>b_², CÎmaH$ÞS> _ÊS>b_² &

H¥$V`: - g_mg:, H$maH$_², gpÝY:, H$ÞS>g§ñH¥$V{H«$`mnXH$mof: &

Aä`mg: 1) EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV &

1. gd}fm§ EoŠ`§ Ho$fm§ dmÄN>m ^d{V?

2. öXò H$: {dôX: Z ^doV²?

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3. qH$ qH$ àb`§ g§`mVw B{V H$do: Ame`:?

4. öXò H$sX¥e: ^md: bgoV²?

5. {H$_Wª hñV: àgaUr`:?

2) [aº$ñWmZ§ nya`V &

1. gwpIZñgd} gpÝËd{V JmZ§ Vofm§ &

2. gwdU©nwînm§ H«$îQw>_² Am`mÝVw &

3. A{Zb: g{bb_² AZb: gdª gd}fm_² &

3) {b“{d^{º$dMZm{Z {bIV

1. dmÄN>m 2. gwpIZ: 3. Vofm_² 4. _mVw:

4) bH$manwéfdMZm{Z {bIV &

1. Hw$d©ÝVw 2. àXh{V 3. OhVw

5) dmŠò `moO`V

1. _Ëdm 2. öXò 3. gVV_² 4. _m

6) n`m©`nXm{Z {bIV &

1. YZ_² 2. hñV: 3. A{Zb: 4. AZb:

7) gpÝY§ {d^Á` Zm_ {bIV &

1. gpÝËd{V 2. Ambñ`§ {hËdm 3. ^mdmnÞm:

8) {déÕmW©H$nXm{Z {bIV &

1. ôX: 2. ñ_aU_² 3. EoŠ`_² 4. {Z_©b_²

9) AÝ`{b“nXm{Z {bIV &

1. _mVm 2. gd} 3. nyd©O:

****

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AdYo`m§e…

_hm~boída ^Å>ñ` H$m`©joÌ_² {deofVm&

H$m`©joÌ_² - g§ñH¥$V{ejU_² , {dœ{dÚmbòfw {deofmonÝ`mgm:,

Xoeo AZoH${dÛÒmoð>rfw à~ÝYmonñWmnZ§ M &

Ef: daoÊ`: ~o“byéZJañWo lr Mm_amOoÝÐg§ñH¥$V_hm{dÚmbò

ì`mH$aUemóñ` CnàmÜ`mnH$: AmgrV² &

AmohmH²$ Ë`mJo YmVmo: bmoQ²> bH$ma ê$nm{U &

OhmVw - O{hVmV² O{hVm_² OhVwOhm{h - Ohr{h O{hV_² O{hVOhm{Z Ohmd Ohm_

{H«$`mH$bmn:

[aº$ñWmZo g_w{MV§ dUª {bIV &

1. Y_©ñWbo Ef: Xod: {damOVo &

_ W…

2. H$m{bXmga{MV§ à{gÕ§ ZmQ>H$_² EVV² &

A km ÝV b_²

3. XeaWñ` nËZrfw Efm AÝ`V_m &

g

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4. e¥“o`m©_² Efm ZXr àdh{V &

“m Xr

5. Aï>mÜ`m`r J«ÝWñ` H$Vm© Ef: &

{U

6. {gÕJ“mjoÌ_² Apñ_Z² _ÊS>bo dV©Vo &

Vw Hy$

7. Ef: Hw$ÝË`m: nwÌofw AÝ`V_: &

Y am

8. _hm^maVñ` H$Vm© Ef: &

do g…

Amem`m: ò XmgmñVo Xmgm: gd©bmoH$ñ` &

Amem òfm§ Xmgr Vofm§ Xmgm`Vo bmoH$: &&

*****

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Zd_: nmR>:

à`moJm:

à`moJ: {Ì{dY: - 1. H$V©[a 2. H$_©{U 3. mdo B{V & gH$_©H$YmVwä`: H$V©[a, H$_©{U B{V Ûm¡ à`moJm¡ ^dV: & AH$_©H$YmVwä`: H$V©[a ^mdo B{V à`moJm¡ ^dV: &

1. H$V©[a à`moJ:

Apñ_Z² à`moJo H$V¥©nX§ àW_m {d^ŠË`ÝV§ d{V & H$_©nX§ {ÛVr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V & {H«$`mnX§ H$V¥©nXñ` nwéf§ dMZ§ M AZwga{V & H$V©[a à`moJo H$V¥©nXñ` àmYmÝ`_²& `Wm N>mÌ: nmR>§ nR>{V&

2. H$_©{U à`moJ:

`ñ`m: {H«$`m`m: H$_m©H$m§jm ^d{V VmX¥e{H«$`mdmMH$: YmVw: gH$_©H$:& A § à`moJ: gH$_©H$YmVyZm_od gå^d{V & Apñ_Z² à`moJo H$_©nXñ` àmYmÝ`_² & H$V¥©nX§ V¥Vr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V & H$_©nX§ àW_m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V & {H«$`mnX§ H$_©nX_² AZwga{V & {H«$`mnX§ AmË_ZonXmÝV_od ^d{V & _ybYmVwZm gh ` `moÁ`Vo & (nR²> + ` + Vo) `Wm N>mÌoU nmR>: nR²>`Vo &

3. ^mdo à`moJ:

`ñ`m: {H«$`m`m: H$_m©H$m§jm Z ^d{V g YmVw: AH$_©H$: & A`§ à`moJ: AH$_©H$YmVyZm§ gå^d{V & Apñ_Z² à`moJo H$V¥©nX§ V¥Vr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V & H$_©nX§ Z ^d{V & {H«$`mnX_² AmË_ZonXmÝV§ àW_nwéf¡H$dMZmÝV§ M ^d{V & `Wm- ~mbHo$Z Ymì`Vo & {Ì{dYà`moJofw ôX: H$: B{V H$moð>H§$ ní`m_: &

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à`moJ: H$V¥©nX_² H$_©nX_² {H«$`mnX_² àmYmÝ`_²

H$V©[a àW_m

{d^ŠË`ÝV_²

{ÛVr`m

{d^ŠË`ÝV_²

nañ_¡n{X

AmË_Zon{X

H$V©¥nX_Zwga{V

H$Vm©

H$_©{U V¥Vr`m

{d^ŠË`ÝV_²

àW_m

{d^ŠË`ÝV_²

AmË_Zon{X

H$_©nX_Zwga{V

YmVwZm gh ‘`’ `moÁ`Vo

H$_©

^mdo V¥Vr`m

{d^ŠË`ÝV_² --------

AmË_Zon{X

àW_nwéf -

EH$dMZo Ed

{H«$`mnX_²

H$m{ZMZ CXmhaUm{Z

H$V©[a à`moJ: H$_©{U à`moJ:H$V¥©nX_² H$_©nX_² {H«$`mnX_² H$V¥©nX_² H$_©nX_² {H«$`mnX_²am_: nÌ§ {bI{V & am_oU nÌ§ {b»`Vo &Ëd§ Xod§ Z_{g & Ëd`m Xod: Zå`Vo &Ah§ nmR>§ nR>m{_ & _`m nmR>: nR²>`Vo &Ah§ Ëdm§ Amˆ`m{_ _`m Ëd§ Amhy`go&g: _m§ {ZÝX{V & VoZ Ah§ {ZÝÚo &

OZZr Ob§ {n~{V & OZÝ`m Ob§ nr`Vo &amYm \$b§ Z`{V & amY`m \$b§ Zr`Vo &

~mbH$: Jwê$Z² dÝXVo & ~mbHo$Z Jwad: dÝÚÝVo &^º$: Xod§ ní`{V & ^ºo$Z Xod: X¥í`Vo &

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g¡{ZH$m: Xoe§ ajpÝV & g¡{ZH¡$: Xoe: aú`Vo &gm nmH§$ H$amo{V & V`m nmH$>: {H«$`Vo &‹C_m _mbm§ Ya{V & C_`m _mbm {Y«`Vo &Jmon: d¥f^§ Z`{V & JmonoZ d¥f^: Zr`Vo &^º$: ^JdÝV§ ñVm¡{V & ^ºo$Z ^JdmZ² ñVy`Vo &~mb: jra§ {n~{V & ~mboZ jra§ nr`Vo &

H$V©[a à`moJ: ^mdo à`moJ:1. {eew: hg{V &

2. gy`©: àH$meVo &

3. ~mbH$m: H«$sS>pÝV &

4. H$Ý`m: hgpÝV &

5. {eew: ñd{n{V &

6. emaXm Z¥Ë`{V &

7. Ah§ Apñ_ &

{eewZm hñ`Vo &

gy`}U àH$mí`Vo &

~mbH¡$: H«$sS>çVo &

H$Ý`m{^: hñ`Vo &

{eewZm gwß`Vo &

emaX`m Z¥Ë`Vo &

_`m ^y`Vo &

Aä`mg:


1. H$V©[a à`moJo H$V¥©nX§ qH$ {d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V ?

2. ^mdo à`moJo {H«$`mnX§ H$pñ_Z² nwéfo ^d{V ?

3. H$pñ_Z² à`moJo H$_©nX§ àYmZ§ ^d{V ?

4. à`moJm: H${V ^dpÝV ?

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1. .......................... YmVwä`: H$V©[a ^mdo M à`moJm¡ ^dV: &2. mdoà`moJo H$V©¥nX§ .............................. {d^ŠË`ÝV§ d{V &3. `ñ`m: {H«$`m`m: H$_m©H$m§jm ^d{V VmX¥e: {H«$`mdmMH$m: YmVd:

.........................&

3. à`moJn[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &

1. JUoe: {MÌ§ {bI{V &2. Ah§ Jwé§ Z_m{_ &3. amYm nmR>§ nR>{V &4. ~m{bH$`m Ob§ nr`Vo &

4. bKyÎma§ {bIV &

1. H$V©[a à`moJ§ {dd¥UwV &2. H$_©{Uà`moJ§ {dd¥UwV &

******* AdYo`m§e:

b‚mmgÎmmpñW{VOmJaU§ d¥pÜXj`^Òr{dV_aU_² ZV©Z {ZÐmamohU hmgm: ñnYm©H$ånZ_mohZhmgm: &

e`ZH«$sS>mé{MXrßË`Wm©: YmVd EVo H$_©{U Zmoº$m: &&Cº¡$: AW£: gh {gpÜX-ewpÜX-Zme-VwîQ²> m{Xfw AW}fw A{n YmVd: AH$_©H$m: dpÝV&

nm`mV² Hw$_maOZH$: e{eIÊS>_m¡{b:

e’à^ü {ZYZü Jdre`mZ: &

J“m#m nÞJYaü C_m{dbmg:

AmÚjaoU g{hVmo a{hVmo@{n Xod: &&

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Xe_: nmR>:

_y{V©nyOmahñ`_²

(amOàmgmXo gd} A{YH$m[aU: ñdñWmZmnÞm: amk: _“bqghñ` AmJ_Z§

àVrjÝVo) (ZonÏò) BV BVmo Xod: & BV BVmo _hmamO: & (gd} gä`m:

ghgmoËWm` CÓmof`pÝV) O`Vw _hmamO: & O`Vw Y_©ajH$: àOmnmbZnamÙmo

_hmamOm{YamO: & O`Vw ..................

_“bqgh: - (g_rnñW§ [aº$_mgZ_doú` gmü`©_²) am_qgh ! na_

nyOZr`mZm§ ñdm{_MaUmZm§ gå_mZmW©_od A`§ g_maå^:

Am`mo{OVmo@ñ_m{^: & H$W{_XmZr_{n lr{ddoH$mZÝXñdm{_Z:

Zm`mVm:?

Ûmanmb: - (gËda§ à{deZ²) _hmamO ! g_mJVm: & g_mJVm: &

_“bqgh: - (AmgZmXþ{Îmð>Z²) qH$ nyÁ`MaUm: lr{ddoH$mZÝXñdm{_Z:?

ÛmanmbH$: - Z {h & Z {h & lr_ÝVmo _mZqghZaoem: g_mJVm: &

_“bqgh: - (gmü ©_²) H$W_{Zdo{XVnydª _mZqghñ` AÌ AmJ_Z_²? ^dVw&

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(VV: à{de{V AmIoQ>H$dofmo _mZqgh: & _“bqgh:

_mZqgh_² Ampíbî` ñdg_rn_² Cndoe`{V)

am_qgh: - {Z`V Ed g_ò g_mJVm: ñdm{_MaUm: àmgmXo &

_mZqgh: - Ho$ Zw Ibw A_r ñdm{_MaUm:?

_“bqgh: - gIo! __ {_ÌoU IoÌrZaoeoZ AÌ gåào{fVm: d“Xoer`m:

nm¡añË`nmümË`{dÚmgw {ZîUmVm:, lrlr{ddoH$mZÝXñdm{_Z: &

_mZqgh: - àmgmX§ àmám A{n ñdm{_MaUm: {H${_{V g^m§ Zmb‘x>d©pÝV?

am_qgh: - _hmamO! g§Ý`m{gZm JrVZ¥Ë`m{XagmñdmXZ_² AZw{MV{_{V AÌ

g_rnd{V©{Z àH$moð>o Cn{dîQ>dÝV: ñdm{_MaUm: & (ZV©H$s AmJË`

Jm`{V Z¥Ë`{V M & JrVg_m{ág_H$mb§ {ddoH$mZÝX: à{dí{V &)

gd} gä`m: - (ghgmoËWm`) ñdm{_Zm§ nmXma{dÝX`mo: àUm_m: &

_mZqgh: - (gmonhmg§ ñdm{_Z§ {Zarj_mU: ñdJV_²) {H$_`_{n gÝÝ`mgr?

A{n drVamJ^`H«$moYmo@`_²? dVw narjo VmdXoZ_² & (ñdm{_

Z§ à{V) ñdm{_Z²! {H${_{V nm¡añË`nmümË`{dÚmnma“Vmo@

{n ^dmZod§ {^jw^y©Ëdm {^jm_Q>{V?

{ddoH$mZÝX: - (V_² AmnmX_ñVH§$ y mo {Zarú`) ^dmZ² amOnXdr_² Ab‘>amo{V

ZZw?

_mZqgh: - AW {H$_²? naånamàmá§ _o amOnX_²&

{ddoH$mZÝX: - VV² {H$_Wª dmZ² amOH$m`m©{U n[aöË` nmümË`¡: gh bwãYH$

Bd _¥J`mgw d¥Wm H$mbì``§ H$amo{V?

_mZqgh: - (gmh‘>ma_²) ñdm{_Z²! Ah§ {h Zaoe: amOm yn: Z¥n: & Wm _o amoMVo, VWm H$amo{_ &

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{ddoH$mZÝX: - (gpñ_V_²) amOZ²! Ah_{n gÝÝ`mgr, n[ad«mQ²>, XÊS>r, gd©g“n[aË`mJr M & VX² `Wm _o amoMVo VWm H$amo{_ & {^jmQ>Z§ _o amoMVo B{V {^jmQ>Z§ H$amo{_ &

_mZqgh: - (gmh‘>ma_²²) ñdm{_Z²! A{n ^dmZ² BVaOZdX² _y{V©nyOm`m§ ~ÕmXa:?

{ddoH$mZÝX: - ~mT>_² & nydª Zmg_² & nümX² Jwamo: lram_H¥$îUXodñ` H¥$n`m ~ÕmXamo@pñ_ _y{V©nyOm`m_² &

_mZqgh: - Ah§ Vw _y{V©nyOm`m§ gd©Wm Z {dœ{g{_ & VV² H$m _o J{V ©d{V OZZmÝVao? (hg{V)

{ddoH$mZÝX: - (ghgmoËWm` {^{ÎmJV§ amO{MÌ§ {Zarj_mU:) g{Md_hme`, Apñ_Z² {MÌo WypËH«$`Vm_² (B{V Am{XXoe) &

g{Md: - (H$ån_mZ:) Z-Z-Z-g-g-g-ñdm {_-M-a-Um: & (_hmamO§ g^`§ drjVo)

{ddoH$mZÝX: - (gdm©Z² H«$_e: {Zarú`) qH$ Z H$mo@{n dU©{báo H$J©Oo@pñ_Z² WyËH$Vw©_{n g_Wm}@Ì amOg^m`m_²? (_mZqgh§ à{V) amOZ²! kmV§ Ibw ahñ`§ _y{V©nyOm`m: & ^mo: ^mo: _y{V©nyOm{damo{YZ:! AÝ`mo@ § amOm, AÝ`ƒ BX_ñ` {MÌ§ {ZOud§ OS>_² & Ed§ kmËdm A{n wî_mgw Z H${üX{n H$J©Oo@pñ_Z² WyËH$Vw©_wËghVo & {H$_Ì ahñ`_²? Vmo {h gd}@{n y _² BX§ {MÌ§ Z H$J©Oê$noU ní`W, A{n Vw `ñ` V{ƒÌ§ Vñ` àVrH$ËdoZ & {MÌmH¥$Vm¡ gmjmV² _hmamO§ ní`W& g‚mZm: ! Ed§ _y{V©nyOH$mo º$: Aí_-YmVw-H$mð>-_¥{ÎmH$m{X{^: K{Q>Vmgw _y{V©fw am_-H¥$îU-JUoe-à ¥VrZ² XodmZ² gmjmËH$amo{V ^md~boZ &

gd} gä`m: - Ahmo! ñdm{_MaUmZm§ à{VnmXZH$m¡eë`_² (BË wŠËdm àU_pÝV)

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_“bqgh: - (gmZÝX_²) ñdm{_MaUmZm§ AZoZ VÎdmonXoeoZ {ZVam§ àrVmo@pñ_ (amOm AmgZmXþËWm` {ddoH$mZÝXñdm{_Z§ àU_{V)

gd} - gd} dÝVw gwpIZ: gd} gÝVw {Zam_`m: & gd} Ðm{U ní`ÝVw _m H${üX² Xþ:I^mH²$ ^doV² &&

(_“bqgh: - n{ü_^maVñ` AmëdmaàmÝVñ` aOnyVmZm_² _hmamO: &

_mZqgh: - _“bqghñ` gwöV² gm_ÝVamO: &)

H$do: n[aM`: H${d: S>m&& lrYa^mñH$adU}H$a: &

H$mb: - 1918-2001

Xoe: - dmZ}, gVmam_ÊS>b_², _hmamï´>amÁ`_² &

H¥$V`: - {ddoH$mZÝX{dO`_², Adm©MrZg§ñH¥$Vgm{hË`_²,

lr{edamÁ`moX`_², g§ñH¥$Vdm¶`H$mof: BË`mX`: &

nwañH$ma: - amï>n{VnwañH$ma:, H$m{bXmgnwañH$ma:,gañdVrgå_mZ_²&

Aä`mg:


1. H$ñ` gå_mZmWª _“bqghoZ g_maå^: Am`mo{OV:?

2. H$ñ` ^md{MÌñ` WyV²H$ma§ H$Vwª ñdm_r {ddoH$mZÝX: AdXV² ?

3. amk: AmñWmZ§ {ddoH$mZÝX: Ho$Z ào{fV:?

4. _y{V©nyOmahñ`§ B{V nmR>ñ` boIH$: H$: ?

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2. g§`moÁ` {bIV &

A Am

1. AmIoQ>dof: amOm

2. n[ad«mQ² _mZqgh:

3. {ddoH$mZÝX: g§Ý`mgr

4. _“bqgh: dL²JXoer`:

3. `Wm{ZX}e§ {bIV &

1. Ho$ Zw Ibw A_r ñdm{_MaUm: &

H$: nmR>:? H$: AdXV²? H$_² AdXV²?

2. {^jmQ>Z§ _o amoMVo B{V H¥$Ëdm {^jmQ>Z§ H$amo{_ &

H$: nmR>:? H$_² AdXV²? {^jmQ>Z§ H$ñ_¡ amoMVo?

3. Apñ_Z² {MÌo WypËH«$`Vm_² &

H$: nmR>:? H$: AdXV²? H$ñ` {MÌo?

4. gpÝY§ H¥$Ëdm Zm_ {bIV &

1. H$J©Oo + Apñ_Z² 2. VV² + {MÌ_²

3. H${üV² + A{n 4. ghgm + CËWm`

5. g_ñVnX§ {bpIËdm g_mgñ` Zm_ {bIV &

1. amk: AmJ_Z_² 2. ñdm{_Z: MaUofw

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3. ñdñWmZ§ AmnÞm: 4. _hmZ² M Agm¡ amOm M

6. n`m©`nXmZ{Z {bIV &

1. ^y`: 2. bwãYH$: 3. MaU: 4. gËda_²

7. dmŠò `moO`V &

1. CËWm` 2. H$amo{_ 3. n[aöË` 4. ní`ÝVw

8. à`moJn[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &

1. gd} ^Ðm{U ní`ÝVw &

2. Ah§ {^jmQ>Z§ H$amo{_ &


9. bKyÎma§ {bIV &

1. àmgmX§ àmám A{n ñdm{_MaUm: {H$_Wª g^m§ ZmbL²Hw$d©pÝV ?

2. {ddoH$mZÝX: {^jmQ>Z{dfò _mZqgh§ à{V {H$_² Cº$dmZ²?

10. XedmŠ`¡: g§ñH¥$V^mf`m,AmL²>b>^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m dm CÎma§ {bIV&

1. {ddoH$mZÝX: _y{V©nyOm`m: d¡{eîQ>ç§ H$W§ à{VnmX`{V?

AdYo`m§e…

H$mof: - gËda_² - gËda§ Mnb§ VyU©_{dbpå~V_mew M &

amOm - amOmamQ²> nm{W©dú_m^¥V² Z¥n^yn_hr{jV: &

****

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EH$mXe: nmR>:

g_mg:

· nXmZm§ g§jon: g_mg: & AW©_Zwg¥Ë` nXÛ`ñ` AZoHo$fm§ nXmZm§ dm g§jonoU H$WZ§ g_mg: d{V & g_ñVñ` nXñ` {ddaU§ oZ dmŠ oZ CÀ`Vo VÛmŠ § {dJ«hdmŠ`_² &

· g_mgo àYmZV`m MËdmamo ôXm: gpÝV &

1. VËnwéfg_mg: & - CÎmanXmW©àYmZ: &

2. Aì``r^mdg_mg: & - nyd©nXmW©àYmZ: &

3 ÛÝÛg_mg: & - C^`nXmW©àYmZ: &

4. ~hwd«r{hg_mg: & - AÝ`nXmW©àYmZ: &

1. VËnwéfg_mg

Apñ_Z² g_mgo àm`: CÎmanXñ` AW©: àYmZ: ^d{V `Wm - amOnwÌ: B{V g_ñVnXo nwÌ: BË`ñ` AW©: _w»`: &

CXm - amOnwÌ_² AmZ`Vw & AÌ AmZ`Z{H«$`m`m_² CÎmanXmW©ñ` nwÌñ`¡d AÝd`:, Z Vw amk:& VËnwéfo gá ôXm… gpÝV & `Wm

Zm_ {dJ«h: g_mg: 1. àW_mVËnwéf: AYª J«m_ñ` AY©J«m_: 2. {ÛVr`mVËnwéf: J¥h§ JV: J¥hJV:3. V¥Vr`mVËnwéf: ZI¡: {^Þ: ZI{^Þ: 4. MVwWuVËnwéf: Jdo {hV_² Jmo{hV_² 5. n#m_rVËnwéf: MmoamV² `_² Mmoa^`_² 6. fð>>rVËnwéf: d¥jñ` _yb_² d¥j_yb_²7. gá_rVËnwéf: H$m } Hw$eb: H$m`©Hw$eb:

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(VËnwéfg_mgo {dJ«hdmŠò nyd©nXm{Z {d{^Þ{d^ŠË`ÝVm{Z ^dpÝV)

1. ZÄm²g_mg:

ZÄm²g_mg: VËnwéfñ`¡d H$píMV² ôX: & `Wm -

Zm_ {dJ«h: g_mg: 1. ZÄm²g_mg: Z Y_©: AY_©:

Z BÀN>m A{ZÀN>mZ gÝXoh: AgÝXoh:Z Aœ: AZœ:

gy - 1. ZÄm²g_mgo ZH$mañ` (Z²) bmon:&

2. ZÄm²g_mgo CÎmanX§ `{X ñdam{X ^d{V ^d{V V{h© AH$mamV² na: ZH$ma: (Z²) ly`Vo &

2. {ÛJwg_mg:

· (gyÌ_² 1) g§»`mnydm} {ÛJw: & 2) {ÛJwaoH$dMZ_²&)

{ÛJwg_mg: VËnwéfg_mgñ` ôX: ApñV & AV Ed g§»`mVËnwéf: B{V EVñ` Zm_mÝVa_² & Apñ_Z² g_mgo nyd©nX§ g§»`mdmMH§$ ^d{V &

gm_mÝ`V: A`§ g_mg: Znw§gH$àW_¡H$dMZê$no ^d{V & ¹${MV² B© H$mamÝVmo@{n ^d{V &

CXmhaU§ `Wm

Zm_ {dJ«hdmŠ`_² g_mg:g_mhma{ÛJw:& Ì`mUm§ ^wdZmZm§ g_mhma: {Ì^wdZ_² &

n#mmZm§ VÝÌmUm§ g_mhma: n#mVÝÌ_² &ZdmZm§ amÌrUm§ g_mhma: ZdamÌ_² &

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n#mmZm§ nmÌmUm§ g_mha: n#mnmÌ_² & Aï>>mZm_² AÜ`m`mZm§ g_mhma: Aï>mÜ`m`r &

n#mmZm§ dQ>mZm§ g_mhma: n#mdQ>r &gámZm§ nXmZm§ g_mhma: gánXr &

3. H$_©Yma`g_mg: - (gyÌ_² - VËnwéf: g_mZm{YH$aU: H$_©Yma`:&)

H$_©Yma`g_mgmo@{n VËnwéfñ` àôX: Ed & Apñ_Z² g_mgo {dJ«hdmŠò

nydm}ÎmanXÛ`_{n àW_m{d^º$m¡ ^d{V &

· H$_©Yma`g_mgo H$m{ZMZ CXmhaUm{Z ní`m_: &

Zm_ {dJ«hdmŠ`_² g_mg:

1) {deofUnyd©nXH$_©Yma`:& Zrb§ M VV² CËnb§ MH¥$îUü Agm¡ gn©üœoV§ M VV² dó§ M

{ZbmoËnb_² &H¥$îUgn©: &œoVdó_² &

2) {deofUmo^`nXH$_©Yma`:& erV§ M VV² CîU§ M ewŠbü Agm¡ H¥$îUüemÝVü Agm¡ AZwHy$bü

erVmoîU_² &ewŠbH¥$îU: &emÝVmZwHy$b: &

3) Cn_mZnyd©nXH$_©Yma`:& _oK: Bd í`m_:\o$Z_² Bd Ydb:N>m`m Bd Mnbm

_oKí`m_: &\o$ZYdb: &N>m`mMnbm &

4) Cn_mZmoÎmanXH$_©Yma`: & Za: qgh: Bdnwéf: F$f^: BdZa: emXÿ©b: Bd

Zaqgh: &nwéff©^: &ZaemXÿ©b: &

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5) gå^mdZmnyd©nXH$_©Yma`:& J“m B{V ZXr H¡$bmg: B{V nd©V:Am_«: B{V d¥j:

J“mZXr &H¡$bmgnd©V: &Am_«d¥j: &

6) AdYmaUnyd©nXH$_©Yma`:& {dÚm Ed YZ_² Xþ:I_² Ed A{¾:_wI_² Ed MÝÐ:

{dÚmYZ_² &Xþ:Im{¾: &_wIMÝÐ: &

Aä`mg:

1. EVofm§ {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIV &

1. {Ì^wdZ_² 2. Aï>mÜ`m`r 3. H¥$îUgn©:

4. Zaqgh: 5. J“mZXr

2. EVofm§ g_ñVnX§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIV &

1. Zrb§ M VV² CËnb§ M

2. H¡$bmg B{V nd©V:

3. _oK: Bd í`m_:


1. CÎmanXmW©àYmZ: ............................... g_mg:&

2. nyd©nXmW©àYmZ: ............................ g_mg: &

3. AÝ`nXmW©àYmZ: ......................... g_mg: &

4. g§»`mnyd©: ............................ g_mg: &

5. C^`nXmW©àYmZ: .......................... g_mg: &

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AdYo`m§e…

Zrb: _oK: = Zrb_oK:, Zrbümgm¡ _oKü = Zrb_oK: B{V C^`Wm{n {dJ«h: àXí`©Vo &

AÝ`m{Z à{gÕm{Z CXmhaUm{Z -

ZmpñV {H$#mZ `ñ` g: - A{H$#mZ: AÝ`V² OÝ_ - OÝ_mÝVa_², d¡`mH$aU: Igy{M: - d¡`mH$aUIgy{M:

XodnyOH$: ~«m÷U: - Xod~«m÷U:

{H«$`mH$bmn:

1. g_ñVnX§ {bIV &

1. Za: emXÿ©b: Bd 2. amk: g^m

3. {dÚm Ed YZ_² 4. Hw$H²$Hw$Q>ü _`yar M

5. _mVm M {nVm M

2. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {d{b»` g_mg Zm_ {bIV &

1. am_bú_UâVeÌw¿Zm: 2. nwÌnm¡Ì_²

3. Xþ:Im{¾: 4. {demImnÎmZ_²

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ÛmXe: nmR>:

Xrnmd{b:

{dÚm{W©Z: - Z_ñVo AmMm`© Xrnmdbo: ew^me`m: &

AmMm`©: - Z_ñVo & Cn{deÝVw &(gd}@{n Cn{depÝV) `wî_ä`_{n

Xrnmdbrew^me`m: & Apñ_Z² Adgao Xrnmdbr_hmoËgdñ`

_hÎd_{n {H${#mV² dXm{_ & nd©Um§ _hÎd§ AkmËdm,

AÝY{dœmgoZ EVofm_mMaU§ H$Xm{n Z Hw$`m©V² & lÕo,

à{gÕmZm_ñ_mH§$ nd©Um§ Zm_m{Z dX{V {H$_² ?

lÕm - AñVw lr_Z² & Ho$fm#mZ nd©Um§ Zm_m{Z dºw§$ à`Vo &

AmMm`©: - AñVw, CÀ`Vm_² &

lÕm - JUoeMVwWu, ZdamÌ_² {dO`Xe_r, Xrnmd{b:, {edam{Ì:,

lrH¥$îUOÝ_mï>_r ........ _H$agL²H«$_U_², `wJm{X:,

hmo{bH$moËgdü ^maVdf©ñ` _w»`moËgdm: gpÝV &

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am_Xmg: - lr_Z², gd£: maVr ¡: g_mM ©_mUofw nd©gw A{VgÝVmofXm`H$:

CËgd: H$:?

AmMm`©: - Adí`§ dXm{_ & Xrnmd{b_hmoËgd Ed gd©_hmoËgdmZm§ amOm

& V: Ef: _hmoËgd: d¡^doZ {XZÌ`§ g_mM`©Vo & Xrnmdë`m§

ZamUm§ öXòfw `mX¥e: CËgmhmo Om`Vo VmX¥e: ZmÝòfyËgdofw &

A`§ ^maVr`mZm§ n{dÌV_: CËgd: ApñV &

àgmX: - lr_Z², {XZÌ`ñ` Xrnmd{b_hmoËgdñ` d¡{eîQ>ç§ {dñVaoU

kmVw{_ÀN>m{_&

AmMm`©: - Adí`§ dXm{_ & lwUwV & A`_wËgd: Amœ`wO_mgñ`

H¥$îUMVwX©er {XZmXmaä` H$m{Îm©H$_mgñ` ewŠbà{VnX² `mdV²

gd©Ì àMb{V & Apñ_Z² Adgao OZm: ñdJ¥hm{U Jmo_òZ

{bånpÝV & gd©Ì àmV: gm`§ M Xodmb`mZm§ J¥hmUm§ M

nwaV: n >~ÕmZ² K¥VXrnmZ² V¡bXrnmZ² dm àÁdmb`pÝV &

EVV² d¡km{ZH$X¥îQ>çm{n à_mUrH¥$V_² & EVoZ dmVmdaU_{n

ewÕr^d{V & naÝVw AmYw{ZH$H$mbo AÝ`XrnmZm§ {dÚwÔrnmZm§

M Ab‘>ma: Ho$db§ gÝVmofmW©_² & Xrnmdbo: àW_mo {Xdg:

ZaH$MVwX©er BË`wÀ`Vo &

e¡boÝÐ: - lr_Z², Añ` {H$_Wª ZaH$MVwX©er{V Zm_mJV_²?

AmMm`©: - CÎm_: àíZ: & dXm{_, e¥ÊdÝVw & Ûmna wJmÝVo EVpñ_Þod {XZo

gË`^m_mg{hVoZ ^JdVm lrH¥$îUoZ àOmnrS>H$: ZaH$mgwa:

hV:& VW¡d ~pÝYVmZm§ fmoS>eghg«H$Ý`mZm§ {d_moMZ§ M H¥$V_²&

ZaH$ñ` _mVw: yXoì`m: àmW©Zm_“rH¥$Ë` V{ÔZ§ ZaH$MVwX©er{V

ZmåZm à{gÕ§ dVw, B{V JdVm lrH¥$îUoZmZwJ¥hrV: & ~ÝYw{^:

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n[aË`º$mZm_² AZmWmZm_² A~bmZm§ Vmgm§ amOHw$_marUm§ M

ajU§ H¥$Ëdm gm_m{OH$mndmX§ XÿarH$Vwª, Vm: D$T²>dm OrdZì`dñWm§

n[aH$pënVdmZ² ^JdmZ² dmgwXod: & EVñ_mV² H$maUmXod Vñ`

ñ_aUmWª BXmZr_{n ~hwÌ ZyVZdYydamUm§ gå_mZZ_{n {H«$`Vo

& gd} OZm: ZyVZdóm{U Y¥Ëdm _hmÝV_² AmZÝX_Zw^dpÝV M

&

ZmJamO: - lr_Z², Xrnmdbo: {ÛVr`§ {XZ§ H$W_² AmM`©Vo?

AmMm`©: - lwUwV, Xrnmd{b_hmoËgdñ` {ÛVr`{Xdgo A_mdmñ`m`m§ gd}

YZbú_t nyO`pÝV gånX§ àmW©`pÝV M& Vpñ_Z² {XZo

g_wÐ_WZH$mbo jragmJamV² búå`m: Am{d^m©dmo@^dV² &

EVpñ_Z² {XZo d{UO: AmnUo {deofV: YZbú_t gånyÁ` Bï>mWª

àmW© pÝV & B § OZlw{V: V² ÌoVm wJo Apñ_Z² {XZo lram_MÝÐ:

amdU§ hËdm A`moÜ`m§ àË`mJV:& MVwX©edfm©ZÝVa§ grV`m

bú_UoZ M g{hV§ am_MÝÐ§ àmß`, VÌË`m: A`moÜ`mdm{gZ:

XrnmZm§ _mb`m Vofm§ ñdmJV_Hw$d©Z² &

gwOmVm - lr_Z², {ÛVr`{Xdgo {H$_Wª YZbú_t nyO`ÝVr{V gå`JdJV_² &

V¥Vr`{Xdgñ`mMaU§ H$W§ {H«$`Vo?

AmMm`©: - V¥Vr`{Xdg: H$m{Îm©H$_mgñ` ewŠbà{VnX² dV©Vo & Ef:

~{bà{Vn{X{V »`mV: & EVpñ_Z² {XZo {ÌnmXn[a{_Vm§ yq_

`mM_mZoZ dm_Zê$nYm[aUm ^JdVm {dîUwZm Ë`mJdra:

~{b_hmamO: nmVmbbmoH§$ àdo{eV: & _hmË`m{JZ: Vñ` ~bo:

àmW©Zm_“rH¥$Ë` EVpñ_Z² {XZo gd}@{n ~{bnyOm§ Hw$ w©[a{V JdVm

{dîUwZm da: àXÎm: & AV: gd©Ì ~qb nyO`pÝV&

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Apñ_Z² {XZo JdmÝV`m©{_Z: JmonmbH¥$îUñ` àrË`Wª gd©Ì

^maVr`m: Jmo_mVa§ nyO`pÝV & Apñ_Z² H$m{Îm©H$_mgo Ed {deofV:

Xodmb ofw bjXrnmoËgd_mMapÝV & Ho$MZ CËWmZÛmXer{XZo

Am_bH$d¥jg{ÞYm¡ VwbgrnyOm_{n Hw$d©pÝV &

N>mÌm: - Jwéd`©, Xrnmdbr_hmoËgdñ` {df`§ {dñVaoU kmËdm d`§ gd}

à_w{XVm: & BV: na§ d`_{n gd}fm§ nd©Um§ d¡{eîQ>ç§ kmËd¡d

g_mMam_& YÝ`dmXm: &

AmMm`©: - gd}ä`: ew^§ ^y`mV² &

*****

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Aä`mg:


1. gd}ä`: A{VgÝVmofXm`H$: CËgd: H$:?

2. Xrnmd{bnd©U: V¥Vr`{XZ§ {H${_{V »`mV_² ?

3. H$Xm YZbú_r§ nyO`pÝV?

4. gd©Ì bjXrnmoËgd§ H$Xm AmMapÝV?

5. ~{b_hmamO: Ho$Z nmVmbbmoH§$ àdo{eV: ?

2. ""Am_² ""AWdm ""Z'' B{V {bIV &

1. Ûmna`wJo H¥$îU: AmgrV² &

2. Xrnmdbr ny{U©_m`m§ {VWm¡ ^d{V &

3. ÌoVm`wJo lram_: AmgrV² &

4. Xrnmdbr{XZo ZyVZdfm©aå^: ^d{V &


1. Añ` {XZo __ OÝ_moËgd: ^d{V &

2. ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUoZ ZaH$mgwa: hV: &

3. df} ~hd: ndm©{U OZm: AmMapÝV &

4. gd}{n Cn{de{V &

4. {b“-{d^{º$-dMZm{Z {bIV &

1. à{Vn{X, 2. ndm©{U, 3. ^JdVm, 4. _mVa_² &

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5. dmŠò `moO`V &

1. EVm{Z 2. Añ_mH$_² 3. {H$b 4. CËgd:

6. n`m©`nXm{Z {bIV &

1. AmMm`©:, 2. N>mÌ:, 3. J¥h_², 4. lrH¥$îU:

7. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIV &

1. àOmnrS>H$: 2. g_wÐ_WZ_² 3. Xrnmd{b: 4. ~{bnyOm

8. XedmŠ ¡: g§ñH¥$V ^mf`m, H$ÞS> ^mf`m Am“b ^mf`m dm CÎma§ {bIV &

1. H$m{Îm©H$_mgñ` ewŠbà{Vn{X gd} OZm: {H$_Wª ~qb nyO`pÝV?

2. Xrnmd{b_hmoËgdñ` d¡{eï>²`§ {deX`V&

******

AdYo`m§e…

Xrnm{¾ewÕmü ^dÝVw bmoH$m: {MÎmoZ dmMm{n M H$_©Um{n &

ewÕ§ à~wÕ§ g_wn¡{V bú_r: Xrnmdbr gmY`Vo g_¥Õr: &&

Xrnmdbr Xr{nVgd©bmoH$m XoXrß`_mZm öXò OZmZm_² &

ñZoh§ naofm§ {hVgmYZ§ M g§dY©`ÝVr ew^_mVZmoVw &&

ew^§ H$amoVw H$ë`mU_² Amamo½`§ YZgånX: &

eÌw~w{Õ{dZmem` XrnÁ`mo{V: Z_mo@ñVw Vo &&

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75

^mÐnX_mg:lmdU_mg: eaX²G$Vw: df©G$V

w:

Áòð>_mg:dgÝVG$Vw:

J«rî_

G$Vw:

M¡Ì_mg:

d¡emI_mg: _mK_mg: {e{eaG

$Vw:

ho_ÝVG$Vw:

H$m{Îm©H$_

mg:

nwî`_mg:

_mJ©{ea_

mg:

Amœ`wO_

mg:

MmÝÐ_mZdf©_²

\$mëJwU_mg

:

AmfmT>_mg:

{_WwZam{e:d¥fâm{e:

_rZam{e:

_H$aam{e:

Hw$åâm{e: d¥{üH$am{e:

qgham{e

:

Vwbmam{e:

H$Ý`mam{e:

H$H$m©Q>H

$am{e:

(H$H©$)

gm¡a_mZdf©_²

YZyam{e:

_ofam{e:

CÎmam

U_²

X{jUm`Z_²

{VW`: 15 - à{VnV², {ÛVr`m, V¥Vr`m, MVwWu, n#m_r, fð>r, gá_r, AîQ>_r, Zd_r, Xe_r, EH$mXer, ÛmXer, Ì`moXer, MVwX©er, ny{U©_m / A_mdmñ`m &&

dmgam: 7 - mZw:, BÝXþ:, Hw$O:, gm¡å`:, ~¥hñn{V:, ^mJ©d:, _ÝX: &&

ZjÌm{U 27 - A{œZr, aUr , H¥${ÎmH$m, amo{hUr, _¥J{eam, AmÐm©, nwZd©gw,

{Vî`m, Amíbofm, _Km, nydm©\$mëJwUr, CÎmam, hñVm, {MÎmm, ñdmVr, {demIm, AZwamYm, Á oð>m, _ybm, nydm©fmT>m, CÎmamfmT>m, ldUm, Y{Zð>m, eV{^fm, nydm©^mÐm, CÎmam^mÐm, aodVr &&

`moJm: 27 - {dîH$å^:, àr{V:,Am wî_mZ², gm¡ m½`_², emo Z:, A{VJÊS>:, gwH$_m©, Y¥{V:, eyb:, JÊS>:, d¥{Õ: , Y«wd:, ì`mKmV:, hf©U_², dO«:, {g{Õ:, ì`VrnmV², dar`mZ², n[aK:, {ed:, {gÕ:, gmÜ`:, ew^:, ewŠb:, ~«÷m, EoÝÐ:, d¡Y¥{V: &&

H$aUm{Z 11 - ~d:, ~mbd:, H$m¡bd:, V¡{Vb:, J[aOm, d{UOm, ^Ðm, eHw${Z:, MVwînmV², ZmJdmZ², qH$ñVw¿Z: &&

******

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Ì`moXe… nmR>:

_mJ©ñWmo ZmdgrX{V

(H$ÊR>nmR>: H$aUr`:)

àË`h§ àË`dojoV

Zaü[aV_mË_Z: &

qH$ Zw _o new{^ñVwë`§

qH$ Zw gËnwéf¡[a{V && 1 &&

AZwJÝVw§ gVm§ dË_©

H¥$ËñZ§ `{X Z eŠ`Vo &

ñdën_ß`ZwJÝVì`_²

_mJ©ñWmo ZmdgrX{V && 2 &&

hf©ñWmZghòm{U

^`ñWmZeVm{Z M &

{Xdgo {Xdgo _yT>_²

Am{depÝV Z npÊS>V_² && 3 &&

Zm{^foH$mo Z g§ñH$ma:

qghñ` {H«$`Vo dZo &

{dH«$_m{O©VgÎdñ`

ñd`_od _¥JoÝÐVm && 4 &&

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77

XmZoZ nm{UZ©Vw H$L²H$UoZ

ñZmZoZ ewpÜXZ©Vw MÝXZoZ &

_mZoZ V¥{áZ©Vw ^moOZoZ

kmZoZ _w{º$Z© Vw nyOZoZ && 5 &&

CÚmo{JZ§ nwéfqgh_wn¡{V bú_r:

X¡doZ Xo`{_{V H$mnwéfm dXpÝV &

X¡d§ {ZhË` Hw$é nm¡éf_mË_eŠË`m

`ËZo H¥$Vo `{X Z {gX²Ü`{V H$mo@Ì Xmof: &&6&&

ao ao MmVH$ gmdYmZ_Zgm {_Ì jU§ ly`Vm_²

Aå^moXm ~hdmo {h gpÝV JJZo gd}@{n Z¡VmX¥em: &

Ho${MX² d¥{ï>{âmÐ©`pÝV YaUt JO©pÝV Ho${MX² d¥Wm

§ `§ ní`{g Vñ` Vñ` nwaV: _m ~«y{h XrZ§ dM: && 7 &&

AÝd`mW©:

1. Za:= _mZd:, àË`h_² = à{V{XZ_², _o = __ H$m`©_² (__ g_ñVì`dhma:), qH$ new{^: Vwë`_² = newgX¥e_² ApñV? (_¥J¡: g_mZ_²) AWdm, qH$ gËnwéf¡: B{V = g‚mZ¡: gX¥e§ dV©Vo? B{V, AmË_Z: M[aV_² = ñdH$s`- M[aV_² (OrdZ{Zd©hU_²) àË`dojoV = n`m©bmoM oV² & ({d_eª Hw$`m©V²)

2. `{X gVm§ dË_© = `{X g‚mZmZm§ _mJ©_² (OrdZH«$__²), H¥$ËñZ_² = g_J«_², AZwJÝVw_² = AZwgVw©_², Z eŠ`Vo = Z gmÜ`§ MoV², ñdën_{n = {H${#mX{n, AZwJÝVì`_² = AZwgaoV², ({H$_Wª MoV²) _mJ©ñW: = _mJ} pñWV: (gÝ_mJ©àdV©H$:) Z AdgrX{V = Z {dZí`{V & (Üò`§ gmY`{V BË`W©:)

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3. hf©ñWmZghòm{U = gÝVmofH$aghòg{Þdoem:, M, ^`ñWmZeVm{Z = ^`ñ` eVg{Þdoem:, {Xdgo {Xdgo =à{V{XZ_², _yT>_² Am{depÝV = _yIm©Um§ gå^dpÝV & Z npÊS>V_² = ({H$ÝVw) km{ZZm§ Z gå^dpÝV & km{ZZ: pñWVàkm: ^yËdm {Z{b©ám: ^dpÝV & gwIoZ OrdpÝV M B{V ^mdmW©: &

4 qghñ` = dZamOñ`, dZo=AaÊò, A{^foH$: g§ñH$ma:= nQ²>Q>m{^foH$m{X g§ñH$ma:, Z {H«$`Vo= Z Hw$d©pÝV & g: {dH«$_m{O©VgÎdñ`= ñdñ` namH«$_ñ` H$maUV: Ed, ñd`_od= ñdV: Ed _¥JoÝÐVm= _¥JamOñ` nX§ àmßZmo{V&

5. nm{U:= H$a:, XmZoZ=XmZ{H«$``m {d^y{fV: ^d{V & Vw= naÝVw, H$L²H$UoZ= db`m{X{^: AmâU¡:, Z= {d^y{fV: Z ^d{V & ewpÜX: ñZmZoZ= earañ` ew{M: ñZmZm{XZm d{V & Vw= naÝVw, bonZoZ= MÝXZm{X bonZoZ, Z= Z ^d{V & V¥{á:= gÝVmof:, _mZoZ=AmXaoU ^d{V & Vw= naÝVw,^moOZoZ= Amhmam{X gËH$maoU, Z= Z ^d{V & _w{º$:= _moj:, kmZoZ={dÚ`m àmß`Vo & Vw= naÝVw,nyOZoZ=S>å^mMaUoZ, Z=Z àmß`Vo &

6 CÚmo{JZ§ nwéfqgh§ bú_r: Cn¡{V = H$m`©VËna§ qghdV² gmh{gZ§ nwéf§ à{V gånV² ñd`_² AmJÀN>{V & X¡doZ Xo`_² = Xod: AZwJ¥†m{V, B{V, H$mnwéfm: = Hw$OZm:, dXpÝV = H$W`pÝV, AV: X¡d§ {ZhË` = AÑîQ>o {dídmg_² n[aË`Á`, AmË_eŠË`m = AmË_ñ\y$Ë`m©, nm¡éf§ Hw$é=nwéfà`ËZ§ Hw$é & `ËZo H¥$Vo = à`ËZo H¥$Vo g{V, `{X Z {gX²Ü`{V = Bï>>H$m`©ñ` {g{Õ: Z ^d{V MoV², AÌ H$: Xmof: = AÌ H$mo@{n Xmof: ZmpñV & (H$V©ì`àk`m V¥{á: ^d{V)gg

7. ao ao {_Ì = ^mo: d`ñ` ! MmVH$ = MH«$dmH$n{jZ² ! gmdYmZ_Zgm = EH$mJ«{MÎmoZ, jU§ ly`Vm_² = EH§$ jU§ ûm¥¥Uw & JJZo = AmH$meo, Aå^moXm:= _oKm:, ~hd:gpÝV = ~hd: dV©ÝVo, gd} A{n Z EVmX¥em:

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= {H$ÝVw gd} _oKm: A{n EH$àH$mam: Z ^dpÝV & Ho${MV² d¥{ï>{^: = Ho$MZ _oKm: Ob¡:, YaUr_² = ^y{__², AmÐ©`pÝV = {g#mpÝV, Ho${MV² = Ho$MZ _oKm:, d¥Wm = ì`W©_², JO©pÝV = ZXpÝV, AV: `§ `§ ní`{g = `§ `§ _oK§ ní`{g, Vñ` Vñ` nwaV: = Vñ` Vñ` _oKñ` nwaV: XrZ§ dM: = XrZdMZm{Z, _m ~«y{h = _m dX & (AV: ñdm{^_mZr ^d BË`W©: )

Aä`mg:


1. H$ñ` dZo g§ñH$ma: Z {H«$`Vo ?

2. Za: àË`h§ qH$ àË`dojoV?

3. nm{U: Ho$Z emo^Vo ?

4. bú_r: H$_² Cn¡{V?

5. _w{º$: H$W§ àmß`Vo ?


1. àË`dojoV 2. Z¡VmX¥em:

3. ZmdgrX{V 4. {dH«$_m{O©V:

3. {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIV &

1. nwéfqgh: 2. newVwë`_²

3. AmË_eŠË`m 4. _¥JoÝÐ:


1. Za: 2. dË_© 3. H$a:

4. _yI©: 5. {_Ì_² 6. JJZ_²

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5. XedmŠ ¡: g§ñH¥$V^mf`m,AmL²>½b^mf`m, H$ÞS>^mf`m dm CÎma§ {bIVm&

1. gw^m{fVH$ma: MmVH§$ g§~moÜ` qH$ dX{V, Vñ` gÝXoe: H$:?

{H«$`mH$bmn:

dU©H«$_§ {d{MÝË` nX§ aM`V &

1. Zr Z ñH¥$ pÝX g§ V2. Ym d Z gm gm _ Z3. nw {V _w é qg f n¡ h4. Z _… km n ñ`mo e5. H«$ {O© Ëd {d g ñ` V _m6. a a í_r dm Zr nw H$m {g

1 _____________________

2 _____________________

3 _____________________

4 _____________________

5 _____________________

6 _____________________

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81

CXmhaUmZwgma§ dmŠ`m{Z aM`V &

am_:

XeaW:

bú_U:

amdU:

H$m¡gë`m

_mé{V:

gwJ«rd:

bd:

grVm

nwÌ:

nwÌ:_m

Vm

{_Ì_² eÌw:

nwÌ:

n{V:

{nVm{nVm AZ

wO:

Xod:

^º$:

AJ«O:

^m`m©

`Wm - 1. am_ñ` AZwO: b_U: &

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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MVwX©e… nmR>:

H$maH$m{U {deofì`mH$aUm§emíM`V² {H«$`mÝd{` VV² H$maH$_² & AÝd`mo Zm_ gå~ÝY: & `V² {H«$``m gh

gå~ÝY§ (AÝd`§) àmßZmo{V VV² H$maH$_² B{V \${bVmW©: &

am_: nR>{V - AÌ nR>Z{H«$``m gh am_ñ` AÝd`: ApñV & AV: am_: H$maH$_² & XÊSo>Z VmS> {V - AÌm{n VmS>Z{H«$``m gh XÊS>ñ` AÝd`mo ^d{V & AV: XÊSo>Z H$maH§$ ^d{V & EVƒ H$maH§$ fpS²>dY§ ^d{V & `Wm -

H$Vm© H$_© M H$aU§ gåàXmZ§ VW¡d M & AnmXmZ_{YH$aU{_Ë`mhw: H$maH$m{U fQ²> && B{V &&

H$maH$_Zwg¥Ë` {d^{º$: àdV©Vo & gm H$maH${d^{º$: BË`wÀ`Vo &

H$maH$m{U {d^{º$: CXmhaUm{Z1. H$V¥©H$maH$_² àW_m {d^{º$: (H$V©[a à`moJo)

V¥Vr`m {d^{º$:(H$_©{U à`moJo ^mdoà`moJo M)

am_: nR>{V &am_oU nR>çVo &~m{bH$`m hñ`Vo &

2. H$_©H$maH$_² {ÛVr`m{d^{º$: (H$V©[a à`moJo)àW_m{d^{º$:(H$_©{U à`moJo)

~mb: nmR>§ {bI{V &~mboZ nmR>: {b»`Vo &

3. H$aUH$maH$_² V¥Vr`m{d^{º$: am_: ~mUoZ amdU§ hpÝV &_Zwî`: ZoÌmä`m§ ní`{V &

4. gåàXmZH$maH$_² MVwWu{d^{º$: amOm {dàm` Jm§ XXm{V &_oZH$m {^jwH$m` YZ§ `ÀN>{V&

5. AnmXmZH$maH$_² n#m_r{d^{º$: d¥jmV² nUª nV{V &OZH$: ZJamV² AmJÀN>{V &

6. A{YH$aUH$maH$_² gá_r{d^{º$: Hy$no Ob_² ApñV &_wIo XÝVm: gpÝV &

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BX_dYo`_² :-

XeaWñ` nwÌ: JÀN>{V& ~mbH$ñ` J¥ho YoZw: ApñV & dZñ` g_rn§ Xodmb`: ApñV & EVofw dmŠòfw fð>r{d^{º$: ly`Vo & {H$ÝVw Vñ`m: {H«$``m gh AÝd`mo ZmpñV& AV: H$maH§$ Z ^d{V & Ef¡d eoffð>r AWdm gå~ÝYgm_mÝò fð>r B{V CÀ`Vo &

_mVmnmH$J¥ho

H$aÊS>H$mV² hñVoZ

nwÌm`

\$b_²

H$V©¥H$maH$_²

XXm{V,`ÀN>{V

H$_©H$maH$_²

H$aUH$maH$_²

gåàXmZH$maH$_²

AnmXmZH$maH$_²

A{YH$aUH$maH$_²

{deofì`mH$aUm§em:

{d^º$sZm§ àd¥Îmm¡ H$maH$Ëd_od {Z{_Îm§ Z & H$mgm#mZ{d^º$sZm§ àd¥Îmm¡ CnnX_{n {Z{_Îm§ ^d{V & EVm… {d^º$`… Ed CnnX{d^º$`: BË`wÀ`ÝVo & Vñ_mV² {d^{º$: {Û{dYm H$maH${d^{º$: CnnX{d^[º$[a{V&

1. A{^V:, n[aV:, C^`V:, à{V BË`mXrZm_² Aì``mZm§ `moJo VËgå~Õ§ nX§ {ÛVr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V &

`Wm- H¥$îU_² A{^V: Jmo{nH$m: Z¥Ë`pÝV &

embm§ n[aV: _mJm©: gpÝV &

ZJaofw _mJ©_² C^`V: AmnUm: ^dpÝV &

AM©Zm {dÚmb`§ à{V JÀN>{V &

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2. gh, gmH$_², g__², gmY©_², Ab_² EVofm§ `moJo VËgå~Õ§ nX§ V¥Vr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V & Ab_² BË`ñ` AÌ {H«$`m{ZfoYmW©: ^d{V `Wm - am_oU gh/gmH$_²/g__²/ gmY©_² grVm dZ_² AJÀN>V² & Ab§ ^moOZoZ & Ab§ {ddmXoZ &

3. Z_:, ñdpñV, ñdmhm- BË`mXrZm§ `moJo VËgå~Õ§ nX§ MVwWu{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V&`Wm - JUoem` Z_: & nwÌm` ñdpñV & BÝÐm` ñdmhm &

4. àmH²$, ~{h:,Amaä` - BË`mXrZm§ `moJo VËgå~Õ§ nX§ n#m_r{d^ŠË`ÝV§ ^d{V&`Wm - Jm¡V_r embmJ_ZmV² àmH²$ Xod§ dÝXVo & Xodmb`mV² ~{h: gamoda: ApñV & àmV:H$mbmV² Amaä` Cndmg_² AmMa{V &

5. {dZm BË`ì```moJo VËgå~Õ§ nX§ {ÛVr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ V¥Vr`m{d^ŠË`ÝV§ n#m_r{d^Ë`ÝV§ dm ^d{V &`Wm - dm`w§/ dm`wZm / dm`mo: {dZm _mZd: Z Ord{V &

Amamo½`_² / Amamo½òU / Amamo½`mV² {dZm gwI§ ZmpñV &

Aä`mg:


1. H$maH§$ Zm_ {H$_²?

2. H$m {d^{º$: H$maH§$ Z ^d{V &

3. {dZm B{V Aì```moJo H$m: {d^º$`: ^dpÝV?

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1. ^moOZñ` àmH²$ hñVnmXm¡ àjmb` &2. ZJañ` A{^V: J«m_m: gpÝV &3. {_Ì§ ñdpñV &4. VH«$ñ` {dZm ^moOZ§ ZmpñV &


1. gåàXmZ_² -MVwWu :: Am{YH$aU_² ________ &2. H$_©H$maH$_² - {ÛVr`m :: AnmXmZ_² ________ &3. Z_:- MVwWu{d^{º$: :: gmY©_² ________ &

4. dmŠ`§ aM`V &

1. n[aV: 2. gh 3. ~{h: 4. Z_:

5. AÌ aoImpL²H$VnXñ` H$maH$m{U {Z{X©eV &

1. ^r_: ~H$mgwa§ hpÝV &2. grVm AemoH$dZo AmgrV² &3. AmH$memV² d¥{ï>>: ^d{V &4. gy`m©` A¿`ª XXm{V &

6. bKyÎma§ {bIV &

1. H${V H$maH$m{U gpÝV? Vm{Z H$m{Z?

am{ÌJ©{_î`{V ^{dî`{V gwà^mV_²^mñdmZwXoî`{V h{gî`{V nL²H$Olr: &

BËW§ {d{MÝV`{V H$mofJVo {Ûao\o$hm hÝV hÝV Z{bZt JO C‚mhma &&

*****

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n#mXe… nmR>:

{g[ÕjoÌ_²

^maVXoeñ` CÎma^mJo pñWV§ ^y^mJ§ "Am`m©dV©:' B{V H$W`pÝV &

Vpñ_Z² ^y^mJo H$mer, A`moÜ`m, _Wwam, ~Xar, Ho$XmamXr{Z M nwÊ`joÌm{U

{damOÝVo& X{jU^maVo Añ_mH§$ H$Um©Q>H$amÁò A{n JmoH$U©:, CSw>{n, e¥“oar,

Y_©ñWb§, ~gdH$ë`mUmXr{Z n{dÌñWmZm{Z {damOÝVo & EVmX¥enwÊ`joÌofw

"Am{XMw#mZ{J[a:' A{n àmMrZ§ VWm {g{ÕjoÌ{_{V à{WV_pñV &

àmMrZn{dÌjoÌ{_X§ H$Um©Q>H$amÁ o _ÊS²> _ÊS>bo ZmJ_“bnÎmZñ` g_rno

{damOVo & CÞV{J[a wº§$ joÌ{_X§ MÝXZm{Xd¥j{deof¡: n[ad¥Vo n[agao {damOVo

& AÌ dZo _`yam:, h[aUm:, eemX`: àm{Un{jU: BVñVV: gXm AQ>ÝV:

àmMrZF$î`ml_§ ñ_ma`pÝV & BX§ n[aJUæ` H$Um©Q>H$gd©H$maoU gwÝXaMoVmohm[a

dZ{_X§ _ yadZ_² B{V ZmåZm {ZX}{eV_pñV & AÌ dZñnV`:, gwJÝYnwînbVm:,

JJZMwpå~d¥jm:, ewH${nH$H$nmoVmX`: n{jUü X¥í`ÝVo & AVrd a_Urò@pñ_Z²

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àXoeo AZoHo$ F$f`:, gmYH$mü Vn: H¥$Ëdm {gqÕ àmádÝV: & AV Ed joÌ{_X§

""{g{ÕjoÌ_²'' B{V à{gÕ_pñV &

joÌ{_X§ nwamUà{gÕ_{n ^d{V & EH$Xm b`m{YH$mar na{ed:

{gÕ`mo{Jê$nYmar yËdm "Mw#mZH$Å>o' B{V àXoe_² AmJV… X{jUJ“m B{V à{gÕo

H$mdoarVQ>o Vn: àma^V & VXm b‘>mYrœaoU amdUoZmnöVm§ grVm§ ApÝdî`ÝVm¡

am_bú_Um¡ VÌ¡dmJVdÝVm¡ & Vm¡ V_² AdbmoŠ` g: gmjmV² "na{ed:' B{V

kmËdm {edñVwqV AHw$éVm_² & V`mo: ñVwË`m gÝVwï>>: na{ed: " wd`mo…Bï>mW©{g{Õ…

^dVw' BË`ZwJ¥ø Vn… Váw§ Mw#mZ{J[ajoÌ_² AJÀN>V²Ÿ& Vñ` Vng… à^mdoU BX§

joÌ§ e¡djoÌ{_{V à{gÕ_² A^dV²²&

Añ` joÌñ` {dfò H$Wm_oH$m§ H$W`pÝV OZnXm: & `Xm na{ed:

Mw#mZ{J[a_mJË` AaÊò Ü`mZ_¾mo@^dV² VXm VÌ Mw#mw: H$#müo{V Ûmdgwam¡

{ZdgÝVm¡ AmñVm_²& EV`mo: Agwa`mo: qhgm_gh_mZm: {eï>OZm: F${fJUmü

na_oœa§ ^ŠË`m àm{W©VdÝV: & VXm g {gÕ`moJr ñdñ` X¡dreŠË`m Vm¡

Agwam¡ OKmZ& Ed_mXm¡ Mw#mmgwañ` {ZdmgmV² joÌ{_X§ "Am{XMw#mZ{J[a:' B{V

à{WV_^dV² &

AÌ AZoHo$ Xodmb`m: emo ÝVo & Vofw J“mYaoœa: H$Îmbogmo_oœa:, _„oœa:,

MÝÐ_m¡brœa:, H$mb ¡adoœa:, _mbmpå~H$mXodr BË`mX`… à_wIm… & Añ` joÌñ`

àYmZ yVmo XodñVw J“mYaoœa: & _pÝXa{_X§ {ebm_ § d{V& Apñ_Z² _pÝXao Aï>mqÌeV²

{ebmñVå^m: gpÝV & EH¡$H$mo@{n {eënH$bmd¡ doZ {damOVo & à{Vg§dËga_Ì

aWmoËgd: d¡ doZ àMb{V & Apñ_Þdgao ghòe: ^º$m: gpå_bpÝV &

H$mb^¡adoœaXodmb`mo@{n AÌ¡d {damOVo & nwamVZ_pÝXa{_X_² BV: nydª

OrUm©dñWm`m_mgrV² &

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lr~mbJ“mYaZmW_hmñdm{_Zm§ n[al_oU ~¥hÝ_pÝXa§ {Z{_©V_pñV& ZyVZ_

pÝXa{_X§ {demb§ {dœ{d»`mV#m & J^©J¥ho {damO_mZmo H$mb^¡adoœa{dJ«hñVw

_Zmoha: ^d{V &

à{V{XZ§ ghòm{YH$m: º$m: AÌmJË` Bï>mW©\$bàmßË`Wª àmW©`pÝV & AÌ

AmJVmZm§ ^º$mZm§ gd}fm§ gXm ^moOZì`dñWm ^d{V &

H$mb^¡adoœañ` X{jUo nmœ} _mb{dH$mXoì`m: _y{V©: ApñV &

J«m_rUOZm: B_m§ Xodt "_mbå_m' B{V ZmåZm gå~moY`pÝV & Añ` joÌñ` _R>ñ`

{ejUg§ñWm: A{n H$Um©Q>H$amÁò AZoH$J«m_ofw ZJaofw M {dÚÝVo & Vofw ~o„yé

B{V ñWbo pñWV: d¡ÚH$s`_hm{dÚmb`:, ~|Jbyé, {M¸$_Jbyé, {M¸$~„mnwa

B{V ZJaofw pñWVm: VmpÝÌH$_hm{dÚmb`m: M à{gÕm: gpÝV & EVmZ² A{V[aÀ`

J«m_rUàXoeoîd{n {d{dY{dÚmg§ñWm: dV©ÝVo &

g§ñH¥$Vñ` àgmamWª àMmamWª M lr_R>Ûmam g_rMrZV`m H$m`ª

àMb{V& AÌ lr H$mb^¡adoœag§ñH¥$VdoX-AmJ__hm{dÚmb`:, hmgZo ZJao

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lrAm{XMw#mZ{J[ag§ñH¥$V_hm{dÚmb`ü ApñV & Ed§ g§ñH¥$Vg§ajUnmofUmWª

EVofm§ ñdm{_Zm§ `moJXmZ_² A{ÛVr`_pñV &

Aä`mg:


1. b`m{YH$mar H$…?

2. Am{XMwÄMZ{J[a joÌñ` àYmZ^yV… Xod… H$…?

3. Am{XMwÄMZ{J[adZo H$m¡ Agwam¡ AmñVm_²?

4. Am{XMw#mZ{J[a: Hw$ÌmpñV?


1. joÌ{_X§ ___________B{V à{gÕ_pñVŸ&

2. ___________ ZXr X{jUJ“m B{V à{gÕm &

3. ^maVXoeñ` CÎma^mJo pñWV§ ^mJ§ ________ B{V H$W`pÝV &

4. H$mb^¡adoœañ` X{jUo nmœ} ___________ _y{V©: ApñV &

3. AÝ`{b“nX§ {bIV &

1. Añ` 2. A`_² 3. a_Ur`: 4. g:

4. gpÝY§ H¥$Ëdm gpÝYZm_ {bIV &

1. AÌ + Ed 2. a_Urò + Apñ_Z²

3. H$mo + A{n 4. B{V + Am{XXoe

5. nwéfÌò {bIV &

1. ApñV 2. A^dV² 3. JÀN>Vw

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6. g§`moÁ` {bIV &

A Am

1. _mb{dH$mXodr d¥j:

2. hmgZ ZJao na{ed:

3. b`m{YH$mar Am{XMw#mZ{J[a_hm{dÚmb`:

4. emë_br _mbå_m

7. BVadMZê$nm{U {bIV &

1. Vn: ________ ________2. Vpñ_Z² ________ ________3. ________ ________ A^dZ²

4. ________ emoôVo ________8. bKyÎma§ {bIV &

1. nwamUarË`m Am{XMw#mZ{Jao: H$m H$Wm ^d{V &

9. XedmŠ`¡: g§ñH¥$V, H$ÞS> dm Am“b^mfm`m§ CÎma§ {bIV &

Am{XMw#mZ{J[a: B{V Zm_ H$W§ à{WV_² A^dV²?

*****

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{H«$`mH$bmn…

EH$Xm amOHw$_ma: {gÕmW©: {dhmamW©_² CndZ_²________ (J_² + º$)& ghgm

amoXZÜdqZ________( lw+ŠËdm ) g: BVñVV: Aní`V² & ~mUoZ {dÕ: EH$:

h§g: y_m¡________ ( nV² + º$ ) AmgrV² & EVV² ________ (Ñe² +

ŠËdm ) {gÕmW©ñ` {MÎm§ H$éU`m ì`mHw$b§ OmV_²& g:________ ( Ymd² + ŠËdm )

h§gñ` earamV² ~mU§ {ZîH$mñ` V_² AL²Ho$ AYma`V² & AÌmÝVao XodXÎm:_______( Ymd² + eV¥ ) VÌ àmá: & {gÕmW©ñ` hñVo h§g§________ ( X¥e² + ŠËdm

) g: Cƒ¡: AdXV² - {gÕmW©! Ef: __ h§g: _`m ~mUoZ________(

{Z+nmV²+º$), AV: _ø§ Xo{h & {gÕmW©: X¥T>V`m AdXV² - Ah§ Z Xmñ`m{_ &

Ah§ Añ` ajH$: Apñ_ & VXm Vm¡ {ddmX§________ (H¥$+eV¥) amOg^m§ JVm¡

& amOm gdª d¥VmÝV_²________( {d+km+ë`n²) Am{XeV² - ñ` nmœ} h§g:

AmJ{_î`{V Vñ ¡d {dî`{V& h§g: {gÕmW©ñ` g_rn§________(J_²+º$dVw)

gË`{_X_² & ^jH$mV² ajH$: lo`mZ² &

****

AÝ`joÌo H¥$V§ nmn§ nwÊ`joÌo {dZí`{V &

nwÊ`joÌo H¥$V§ nmn§ dO«bonmo ^{dî`{V &&

****

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fmoS>e… nmR>:

AmË_{dS>å~Z_²

nr{R>H$m

XjgwVm XmjmÙr Xj`ko XohË`mJ§ H¥$Ëdm, Anapñ_Z² OÝ_{Z nd©VamOñ`

nwÌrËdoZ OÝ_ àmádVr g¡d nmd©Vr, VXW©_² CJ«§ Vnüa{V & Vñ`m: CJ«Vngm

àrV: {ed: Vm§ nar{jVw§ ~«÷Mm[aê$noU Vñ`m: VnmodZ_mJË`, Am{VÏ`§

ñdrH¥$Ë`, Vñ`m: moJjo_§ {dMm`©, Vng: H$maU§ n¥ÀN>{V & {ed_od n{Vê$noU

àmáw_Zm… gm CJ«Vn: H$amo{V B{V g»`m kmËdm, Vñ`m: {edàrqV nar{jVw§

ñdñ` {dS>å~Z§ ñd`_od H$amo{V& AÝVVñVw C_m`m: AMbào_ {d{XËdm, ñdH$s §

{edê$n§ àXí`©, A^`§ XÎdm {ddmhmW©_Zw_qV XÎmdmZ² & H$mì`^mJmo@`§

H$m{bXmgñ` Hw$_mag§^d_² B{V _hmH$mì`ñ` n#m_gJm©V² gL²J¥hrV: &

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Hw$bo àgy{V: àW_ñ` doYg:

{ÌbmoH$gm¡ÝX`©{_dmo{XV§ dnw: &

A_¥½`_¡œ`©gwI§ Zd§ d`:

Vn: \$b§ ñ`mV² {H$_V: na§ dX && 1 &&

{Xd§ `{X àmW©`go d¥Wm l_:

{nVw: àXoemñVd Xod^y_`: &

AWmon`ÝVma_b§ g_m{YZm

Z aËZ_pÝdî`{V _¥½`Vo {h VV² && 2 &&

VXm nmd©Ë`m: gIr ~«÷Mm[aU§ dX{V-Efm nmd©Vr {nZmH$nmqU

n{V_máw{_ÀN>{V B{V &

AWmh dUu {d{XVmo _hoœa:

VX{W©Zr Ëd§ nwZaod dV©go &

A_“bmä`mgaqV {d{MÝË` V§

VdmZwd¥qÎm Z M H$Vw©_wËgho && 3 &&

AdñVw{Z~©ÝYnao H$W§ Zw Vo

H$amo@`_m_wº${ddmhH$m¡VwH$: &

H$aoUeå^mod©b`rH¥$Vm{hZm

g{hî`Vo VV² àW_mdbå~Z_² && 4 &&

Ëd_od VmdV² n[a{MÝV` ñd`§

H$Xm{MXoVo `{X `moJ_h©V: &

dYyXþHy$b§ H$bh§gbjU_²

JOm{OZ§ emo{UV{~ÝXþd{f© M && 5 &&

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dnw{d©ê$nmj_² AbúÒÝ_Vm

{XJå~aËdoZ {Zdo{XV§ dgw &

daofw `×mb_¥Jm{j _¥½`Vo

VXpñV qH$ ì`ñV_{n {ÌbmoMZo && 6&&

nmd©Vr CdmM-

CdmM M¡Z§ na_mW©Vmo ha_²

Z dopËg ZyZ§ `V Ed_mËW _m_² &

AbmoH$gm_mÝ`_{MÝË`hoVwH$_²

{ÛfpÝV _ÝXmü[aV§ _hmË_Zm_² && 7 &&

A{H$#mZ: gZ² à^d: g gånXm_²

{ÌbmoH$ZmW: {nV¥gÙJmoMa: &

g ^r_ê$n: {ed BË`wXr`©Vo

Z gpÝV `mWmÏ`©{dX: {nZm{H$Z: && 8 &&

nmd©Vr gIr_wdmM-

{Zdm`©Vm_m{b {H$_ß``§ dQw>:

nwZ{d©djw: ñ\w$[aVmoÎmamYa: &

Z Ho$db§ `mo _hVmo@n^mfVo

e¥Umo{V Vñ_mX{n `ñg nmn^mH²$ && 9 &&

BVmo J{_î`må`Wdo{V dm{XZr

MMmb ~mbm a`{^ÞdëH$bm &

ñdê$n_mñWm` M Vm§ H¥$Vpñ_V:

g_mbbåô d¥famOHo$VZ: && 10 &&

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AÝd`mW©: -

1. àW_ñ` doYg: Hw$bo Ed àgy{V: = {haÊ`J ©~«÷U: d§eo Ed Vd OZZ_²,

{ÌbmoH$gm¡ÝX`©_² = Ì`mUm_² bmoH$mZm§ MméËd_², C{XV_² Bd Vd dnw: =

EH$Ì g_möV{_d Vd eara_² ApñV & Eoœ`©gwI_² = gånXm AZw^y`_mZ§

gwI_² A_¥½`_² = Z AÝdofUr`_², Zd§ d`…= ZdVméÊ`_² (dV©Vo), VV…

na_²=BVmo@ß`{YH$_², Vn…\$b_²= Vng… \$b_², qH$ ñ`mV² = {H$§ ^doV²,

dX=H$W`Ÿ& (Vngm qH$ àmáì`_² AmgrV² VV² nyd©_od Ëd`m gånm{XV_²,

nwZ… {H$_Wª Vn… B{V ^md…Ÿ&)

2. {Xd§ {X àmW© go = ñdJª {X Ëd§ H$m_`go (V{h©) d¥Wml_: = Vd l_ñVw

{Zî\$b: & {H$_Wª MoV², Vd {nVw: àXoem: Ed Xod^y_`: = Vd OZH$ñ`

nd©VamOñ` y mJm: Ed ({h_mb`:) XodVmZm§ dmgñWmZ_² & AW (`{X)

Cn`ÝVma§ àmW©`go = da_² Aä`W©`go (V{h©) g_m{YZm Ab_² & Vn:

Zmdí`H$_²& {H$_Wª MoV² aËZ§ Z ApÝdî`{V, VV² _¥½`Vo {h = aËZ§ ñd`§ AmË_Z: H«o$Vm H$:? B{V Z _¥½`Vo & H«o$Ìm Ed VV² ApÝdî`Vo &

3. AW dUu Amh = AZÝVa§ ~«÷Mmar CdmM, _hoœa: {d{XV:= {ed: H$sX¥e: B{V _`m km`Vo & Ëd§ nwZ: VX{W©Zr Ed dV©go = nwZa{n Ëd§ V_od Anoj_mUm ApñV & A_“bmä`mgaqV V§ {d{MÝË` = `ñ` A_“bmMmao àr{V: ApñV VmX¥e§ V§ _hoœa§ à{V gå`H²$ {dMm`© Vd AZwd¥qÎm H$Vwª Z CËgho = Vd AZwgaU§ H$Vwª Z CËgho & (nmd©Ë`m: _ZmoaWñ` {dfò AZw_qV XmVw§ __ CËgmh: ZmpñV B{V ~«÷Mmar {ZXm©{jÊ`§ dX{V)

4. AdñVw{Z~©ÝYnao = AgmadñVw{Z (VwÀN>dñVw{Z) hR>nao nmd©{V, Am_wº${ddmh H$m¡VwH$: Vo A § H$a: =Am~Õ{ddmhhñVgyÌ: Vd A § H$a:, db`rH¥$Vm{hZm eå^mo: H$aoU = H$‘>Uê$noU ^yfUrH¥$Vgn}U {edñ`

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96

hñVoZ, VV² àW_mdbå~Z§= VV² àW_§ nm{UJ«hU§ Ho$Z àH$maoU ( H$W§) g{hî`Vo? (_{f©î`{V)

5. H$bh§gbjU§ dYyXþHy$b§ = H$bh§g{M{ÌV§ ZddYyXþHy$b§ (XþHy$b§ = MrZm§ewH$em{Q>H$m) emo{UV{~ÝXþd{f© JOm{OZ_² = aº${~ÝXþd{f© JOñ` M_©-EVo Ûo H$Xm{MV² = OmVw, `{X `moJ§ Ah©V:? = `{X AZwê$nVm_² Ah©V: qH$? B{V Ëd_od VmdV² n[a{MÝV` ñd § = Ëd_od VmdV² ñd~wX²Ü`m {dMma` &

6. dnw: {dê$nmj_² = {edñ` dnw: (eara§) {dH¥$VZ`Z`wº$_², Abú` OÝ_Vm = AkmVmoËn{Îm:, (Vñ` OÝ_ {dfò {H${#mX{n Z km`Vo) dgw= {edñ` gånV², {XJå~aËdoZ = Z¾ËdoZ gy{MV_² (g: A{H$#mZ: B{V A{^àm`: ) ~mb_¥Jm{j = ho ~mbh[aUm{j, (~mb_¥Jñ` A{jUr

Bd A{jUr `ñ`m: gm) daofw `X² _¥½`Vo VV² = daofw ê$nYZm{XH§$ `X²

ApÝdî`Vo VV², {ÌbmoMZo ì`ñV_{n {edo EH$_{n ApñV {H$_²? (ZmñËòd

BË`W©: )

7. (nmd©Vr) EZ_² CdmM M = AZÝVa§ nmd©Vr, Ed§ O{Q>b§ à{V AdXV², (Ëd§)

na_mW©V: ha§ Z dopËg= Ëd§ ñdê$nV: (VÎdV:) {ed§ Z OmZm{g & V: _m_²

Ed_² AmËW = Vñ_mV² H$maUmV² _m§ à{V Ed§ àH$maoU H$W`{g & _ÝXm:

= _yIm©: (Aën~wÕ`:). AbmoH$gm_mÝ`_²= bmoH${dbjU§ A{MÝË`hoVwH$§

{MpÝVVw_² AeŠ`_², _hmË_Zm_² = _hmnwéfmUm§ M[aV§ {ÛfpÝV = M[aV§

Xÿf`pÝV &

8. g: = ha:, A{H$#mZ: gZ²,= X[aÐ: gZ², gånXm§ à^d:= gH$b¡œ`m©Um§

CËnmXH$: ApñV & {nV¥gÙJmoMa: gZ² = í_emZo {dhaZ² gZ², {ÌbmoH$ZmW…=

{Ì wdZñ` à w… ApñVŸ, g ^r_ê$n… = g… ^`‘aê$n… VWm{n {ed:

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97

B{V CXr ©Vo = _“bê$nr B{V CÀ`Vo & AV: {nZm{H$Z: = AV: hañ`,

`mWmÏ ©{dX: Z gpÝV = AV: hañ` `WmW©km{ZZ: Z gpÝV&

9. ho Am{b = ho gpI, ñ\w$[aVmoÎmamYa: = H$pånVmoð>…, nwZ:, {H$_{n

{ddjw:A`§ dQw>:, {Zdm`©Vm_² = `Wm {H$_{n Z dXoV² VWm Hw$`m©V² & `:

_hV: An^mfVo = `: nyÁ`mZ² {ZÝX{V, Z Ho$db§ g: nmn^mH²$ ^d{V

= Z Ho$db§ g: A{n nmn§ ^wL²ºo$, {H$ÝVw Vñ_mX{n `: l¥Umo{V, g: A{n

nmn^mH²$ ^d{V = VmX¥e: nwéf: A{n nmn§ ^wL²ºo$ &

10. AWdm BV: J{_î`m{_ = AWdm Añ_mV² àXoemV² Ah_od `mñ`m{_ B{V

dm{XZr, a`{^ÞdëH$bm ~mbm MMmb = Ed§ dXÝVr MbZñ` doJdemV²

òñVdëH$bm (M{bVmoÎmar`m) gm nmd©Vr M{bVdVr & g: VXm H¥$Vpñ_V:

= hgZ², d¥famOHo$VZ: = d¥f^ÜdO: {ed:, ñdñdê$n_² AmñWm` =

{ZOê$n_² Y¥Ëdm, Vm§ = nmd©Vt g_mbbå~o = Vñ`m: nmqU J¥hrVdmZ² &

H$do…-H$mb-Xoe-H¥$VrZm§ n[aM`:-

H${d: - H$m{bXmg: &

H$mb: - àm`: {H«$.e.àW_o, MVwW}, n#m_o dm eVHo$ Amgr{X{V _V_²&

Xoe: - C‚m{`Zr & VÌ {dH«$_m{XË`ñ` AmñWmZo Zd_{Ufw H${dfw AÝ`V_: Amgr{X{V ly`Vo &

H¥$V`: - 1. aKwd§e_², Hw$_magå^d§ M - B{V Ûo _hmH$mìò &

2. _oKXÿV_², F$Vwg§hma§ M - B{V Ûo IÊS>H$mìò &

3. {dH«$_mod©er`_², _mb{dH$m{¾{_Ì_²,

A{^kmZemHw$ÝVb§ Mo{V Ìr{U ZmQ>H$m{Z &

àe§gm - aKwH${d:, H${dHw$bJwé:, Cn_mH$m{bXmgñ` BË`mX`: &

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98

Aä`mg:


1. H$m{bXmgoZ {da{MVo Ûo _hmH$mìò Ho$?

2. {edñ` dgw Ho$Z {Zdo{XV_²?

3. Ho$ Z `moJ_h©V:?

4. H$: ^r_ê$n: ApñV ?

5. _ÝXm: qH$ {ÛfpÝV?

2. `Wm {ZX}e§ {bIV &

1. Z aËZ_pÝdî`{V _¥½`Vo {h VV² &

H$: nmR>:? H$: AdXV²? AÌ aËZ§ H$m?

2. VdmZwd¥qÎm Z M H$Vw©_wËgho &

H$: nmR>:? H$: AZwd¥qÎm H$Vwª Z CËghVo? H$m§ AdXV²?

3. VXpñV qH$ ì`ñV_{n {ÌbmoMZo

H$: nmR>:? H$: AdXV²? H$m_² AdXV²?


1. na{ed: nmd©Ë`m: g_rn§ .................... ê$noU AmJVdmZ² &

2. {XJå~aËdoZ {Zdo{XV§ ...................&

3. nmd©Ë`m: àgy{V: ................... Hw$bo A^dV² &

4. nmd©Ë`m: {nVw: àXoem: ....................... ^y_`: &

5. nmd©Vr .......................... n{V_² Amáw_² BÀN>{V &

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99

4. g§`moÁ` {bIV &

A Am

1. dUu MÝÐ:

2. {nV¥gÙ {nZmH$s

3. H$bmdmZ² nmd©Vr

4. d¥famOHo$VZ: í_emZ_²

5. XmjmÙr dQw>:


1. àgy{V: 2. dnw: 3. AZwd¥{Îm:

4. A{h: 5. A{OZ_² 6. emo{UV_²

6. dmŠò `moO`V &

1. Ab_² 2. d¥Wm

3. `{X 4. gåà{V


1. JO + A{OZ_² 2. àXoem: + Vd

3. `V² + ~mb 4. AWdm + B{V

5. {XH²$ + Aå~a:

8. {b“-{d^{º$-dMZm{Z {bIV &

1. {nZm{H$Z: 2. Vñ_mV²

3. nmn^mH²$ 4. dnw:

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100

9. g_ñVnX§ {d{b»` g_mgZm_ {bIV &

1. XodmZm_² ^y_`: 2. JOñ` A{OZ_²

10. bKyÎma§ {bIV &

1. na_mW©V: {ed: H$W_² ApñV?

2. Vn: \$b§ {H$_² {H$_²?

*****

nwam H$drZm§ JUZmàg“o

H${Z[ð>H$m{Y{ï>V H$m{bXmg…&

AÚm{n VÎmwë`H$doa^mdmV²

AZm{_H$m gmW©dVr ~^yd&&

Cn_m H$m{bXmgñ` ^madoaW©Jm¡ad_²&

XpÊS>Z… nXbm{bË`§ _mKo gpÝV Ì`moJwUm…&&

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101

gáXe… nmR>:

doXJ{UVk:

1. J{UV{dfò ^maVñ` `moJXmZ§ OJËòdmgX¥e§ dV©Vo & eyÝ`mÝdofUàmkm:

^maVr`m: EdoË`“rH$amo{V {dœ{_X§ gd©Xm & ^maVr`J{UVnaånam

AVrd{d{eï>>m àmMrZm MmpñV& doXofw VËH$m{bHo$fw AÝ`J«ÝWofw M

J{UVr`m§emZm_² C„oI: {deofV: X¥í`Vo & OZ¡: ~hyZm§ J{UVr`{df`mUm§

kmZ§ ^maVmXod àmá{_{V {dkm`Vo & Am`©^Q>-^mñH$a-damh{_

{hamX`: J{UVkm: gwà{gÕm: Ed & AmYw{ZHo$fw J{UVkofw lrlrlr

^maVrH¥$îUVrW©ñdm{__hm^mJ: doXJ{UVñ` gmjmËH$Vm© {damOVo&

Ym{_©H$ {dfòîd{n d¡km{ZH${df`m… gpÝV BË`§e: doXoîdÝVJ©V: B{V

EoXåàmWåòZmH$W`V² ñdm{__hm^mJ:&

2. J{UVk: ñdm{_daoÊ`: {H«$.e.1884 V_o df} _mM²©-_mgñ` 14 {XZm‘o>

V{_iwZmSw>amÁ`ñ` {VÞdo{b J«m_o AOm`V & "do‘>Q>a_U:' B{V {nÌm

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102

H¥$VZm_Yo`: Ef: ~më`mXod _oYmdr, lÕmgånÞ:, H$ú`mgw gd©Xm àW_:

kmZ{nnmgw: M AmgrV²& Jwamo: doX_y{V© lrdo‘>Q>amOem{óU: gH$memV² g§ñH¥$V§

gå`J² AYrVdmZ²Ÿ& Xm Ef… _o{Q´>Š wbofZ² narjm§ ñdrH¥$VdmZ² VX¡d _Ðmg²

g§ñH¥$Vg”… EVñ` nmpÊS>Ë § ÑîQ‰>m "gañdVr' BË wnm{YZm gËH$ma_H$amoV² &

AZÝVa§ nXdr{ejU§ g_mß` A_o[aH$m-{dkmZ-_hm{dÚmb`ñ` _wå~{`Ho$ÝÐo

ñZmVH$moÎmanarjm§ ñdrH¥$Ë` CÞVloÊ`m_wÎmrUm}@^dV² & VÌ J{UV§-

g§ñH¥$V_²-B{Vhmg:-Xe©Z_²- AmL²½b^mfm-{dkmZ§-VÎdkmZ_² B{V AmhË`

gá{df`m: ñdrH¥$Vm: AmgZ² & ñdñ` qde{VV_o df} Ed EVmX¥ekmZ§

g§gmÜ` e¡j{UH$joÌo AÚmß`w„oImh©ñWmZ_b^V &

3. AÜ``ZmZÝVa_of: _hmZ² npÊS>V: amO_hopÝÐZJao am{ï´>>`_hm{dÚmbò

àmÜ`mnH$ê$noU H$m`ª {ZadhV² & AÜ`mË_{dfò AmH¥$ï>: Ef:

e¥“o[aemaXmnrR>_mJË` lrlrlr g{ƒXmZÝX{edm{^ZdZ¥qgh^maVr

ñdm{_Zm_² g{ÞYmZo AÜ``Z_² Ama^V &AZÝVa§ {H«$.e.1919 V_o

df} gÝÝ`mgml_§ ñdrH¥$VdmZ² & VV: Amaä` do‘>Q>a_UgañdVr_

hmoX`: lrlrlr^maVrH¥$îUVrW©ñdm{__hm^mJ: BËòd à{WV: &

e¥“{Jamdodmï>>df©n`©ÝV_aÊ`_Üò VnñVádV: EVñ` Ü`mZmdñWm`m§

doXJ{UVñ` gyÌmUm§ gmjmËH$mamo@^dV² & AZÝVa_of: AWd©doXofw

J{UV{df o pñWVmZ² {d{dYeãXmZwn wÁ` fmoS>e_w»`gyÌmUm§ g§emoYZ_H$amoV² &

gyÌmÊòVmÝ`wn`wÁ` ~rOJ{UVñ` A‘>J{UVñ` aoImJ{UVñ` dm g_ñ`m:

AVrdgabê$noU n[ahVwª eŠ`ÝVo & A{n M gyÌgmhmæòZ- _Zñòd JUZ§

H¥$Ëdm CÎma§ dºw§$ à^dm_: &

4. {H«$.e.1925 V_o df} nw`mª JmodY©ZnrR>ñ` lrlrlr _YwgyXZmZÝXVrW©

ñdm{__hm^mJ: AñdñWmo@^dV² & VXm lr^maVrH¥$îUVrW©ñdm{__

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103

hm^mJ: ^º$mZm_noj`m JmodY©ZnrR>§ g_b‘>VdmZ² & VVü Xoen`©Q>Z§

H¥$Ëdm ^maVr`gZmVZY_©ñ` àMma_H$amoV²& {H«$.e. 1958 V_o df}

A_o[aH$m{dœ{dÚmb ofw doXJ{UV{df o Ym{_©H${df o maVr`g§ñH¥${V{df o

M CnÝ`mg§ H¥$Ëdm {ÛVr`- {ddoH$mZÝX: B{V à{gqÕ àmßZmoV²& Xm _w{Zd ©:

^maV_mJÀN>V² VXm ñd{da{MV: {ddaUmË_H$: fmoS>e-gyÌì`m»`mZJ«ÝW:

Zï>>mo OmV: B{V {df`: AdJV:& gVVàdmgoZ {ZaÝVaH$m`}U M lmÝV:

`{Vloð>mo@`§ X¥{ï>>Xmof`wº$mo@{n nwZaoH§$ J«ÝW_aM`V²& AÚm{n "do{XH$²

_oW_o{Q>H²$'' B{V AmL²½b^mfm`m§ g: J«ÝW: bä`Vo &

5. ^maVr`g§ñH¥$Ë`m gh {dkmZ{df o J{UV{df o M ñdm{_Z: moJXmZ_gX¥e§

dV©Vo & EVñ` dmŠMmVw ª, _oYme{º$_², CÞV{dMmaYmam§ MmdbmoŠ` Z Ho$db§

^maVr`m: A{n Vw {dXoer`m: A{n AmH${f©Vm: A^dZ² & EVmX¥e: _hmnwéf…

{H«$.e.1960 V_o df} \o$~«d[a- _mgñ` {ÛVr`{XZm‘o> na§ Ym_ àmßZmoV² &

`Wm {eIm _`yamUm§ ZmJmZm§ _U`mo `WmŸ&

VÛÛoXm“emómUm§ J{UV§ _yY©{Z pñWV_²Ÿ&&

****

Aä`mg:


1. eyÝ`mÝdofUàmkm: Ho$?

2. lr^maVrH¥$îUVrW©ñdm{__hm^mJ: {H${_{V à{gÕ:A^dV² ?

3. doXJ{UVñ` H$: J«ÝW: AmL²½b^mfm`m§ bä`Vo ?

4. do‘>Q>a_U§ _Ðmg² g§ñH¥$Vg”: Ho$Z Cnm{YZm g__mZ`V² ?

¥

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104

5. àmMrZH$mbo à{gÕm: J{UVkm: Ho$?

2. {b“{d^{º$dMZm{Z {bIV &

1. EVñ` 2. {nÌm 3. Jwamo: 4. _Z{g

3. bH$manwéfdMZm{Z {bIV &

1. AH$W`V² 2. {damOVo 3. AmgZ² 4. à^dm_:

4. dmŠò `moO`V &

1. g_mß` 2. Vn: 3. gH$memV² 4. `Xm-VXm

5. gpÝY§ {d^Á` Zm_ {bIV &

1. ^maVmXod 2. doXoîdÝVJ©V: 3. e¥“{Jamdod 4. Edo{V

6. g_mZmW©H$nX§ {bIV &

1. àmk: 2. à{WV: 3. _yYm© 4. daoÊ`:


1. àmMrZm 2. CÞ{V: 3. CÎmrU©: 4. ñdrH¥$VdmZ²

8. àíZ{Z_m©U§ Hw$éV (aoIm{‘>VnX_w{Ôí`)

1. ñdm{_daoÊ`: {VÞdo{bJ«m_o AOm`V &

2. gyÌmUm§ gmjmËH$mamo@^dV² &

3. _Z{g Ed JUZ§ H¥$Ëdm CÎma§ dºw§$ à^dm_: &


1. J{UVnaånam àmMrZ: ApñV &

2. gá{df`m: ñdrH¥$Vm: AmgrV² &

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105

10. XedmŠ ¡: g§ñH¥$V mf`m, H$ÞS mf`m Am“²b mf`m dm CÎma§ {bIV &

1. lrdo‘>Q>a_UgañdVr_hmoX`ñ` {dÚmä`mg{df`§ {dd¥UwV &

2. lrdo‘>Q>a_UgañdVr_hmoX`: gÝÝ`mgml_ñdrH$mamZÝVa§ qH$ {H$_²

AH$amoV²?

AdYo`m§e…

doXJ[UVñ` fmoS>e gyÌm[U

1. EH$m[YHo$Z nyd}U & 2. [Z[Ib§ ZdV: Ma_§ XeV:&

3. DÜd©[V`©½ä`m_² & 4. namdË`© `moOòV² &

5. eyÝ`§ gmå`g_wƒò 6. AmZwê$ßò eyÝ`_Ý`V² &

7. g‘>bZ-ì`dH$bZmä`m_² 8. nyaUmnyaUmä`m_² &

9. MbZH$bZmä`m_² & 10. `mdXÿZ_² &

11. ì`[ïg_[ï: & 12. eofmÊ`‘o>Z Ma_oU &

13. gmonmÝË`Û`_ÝË`_² & 14. EH$Ý`yZoZ nyd}U &

15. Jw[UVg_wƒ`: & 16. JwUH$g_wƒ`: &

CngyÌm{U

1. AmZwê$ßòU & 2. {eî`Vo eofg§k: &

3. AmÚ_mÚoZmÝË`_ÝËòZ & 4. Ho$db¡: gáH§$ JwÊ`mV² &

5. doï>Z_² & 6. `mdXÿZ§ VmdXÿZ_² &

7. `mdXÿZ§ VmdXÿZrH¥$Ë` dJª M `moOòV² &

8. AÝË``moX©eHo$@{n & 9. AÝË``moaod &

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106

10. g_wƒ`Jw{UV: & 11. bmonZñWmnZmä`m_² &

12. {dbmoH$Z_² & 13. Jw{UVg_wƒ`: g_wƒ`Jw{UV:&

14. ÜdOm‘>: &

CXmhaU_² &

· EH$m{YHo$Z nyd}U gL²»`m`m: AÝVo n#m gL²»`m

`Ì ^d{V VÌ¡d dJ© (Square) H$aUmW©{_X§ gyÌ_wn`wÁ`Vo &

352 = 3x (3+1) ↑52

3x4 ↑5x5 12 25 CÎma_² = 12252052 = 20x(20+1) ↑52 20x21 ↑5x5

420 25 CÎma_² = 42025

· D$Üd©{V`©½ä`m_² BX§ gyÌ§ JwUZ{H«$`m`m_wn`wÁ`Vo &

D$Üd© - ↑ (Vertical) {V`©H²$ - (Cross) · · · · · · · · · · · ·

34 (5x3) ( 5x4+2x3) (2x4)

x52 15 26 8

1768

86

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107

x67 (6x8) (6x6) + (7x8) 7x6 48 92 42 5762

ho amOZ² Vd _pÝXao `{X Zamo `§ H$#mZm‘>§ dXoV²Ÿ

V§ am_¡Jw©{UV§ {dbmoMZ`wV§ {Xp½^h©V§ H$maòV²Ÿ&

{VÏ`má#m nwZíM eof{_h V§ V{Û §e{V¿Z§ Hw$é

VmdÎd§ YZYmÝ`gÝV{V`wVmo amÁ`§ {Ma§ nmbò…Ÿ&&

D${hV… A‘>…-4

4 � 3 (am_¡… Jw{UV_²)= 12

12 + 2 ({dbmoMZ`wV_²)=14

14 � 10 ({Xp½^… hV_²) = 140

140 �15 ({VÏ`má_²) = 05 (eof_²)

05 � 20 ({d§e{V¿Z_²)=100

****

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108

{H«$`mH$bmn…

H¥$XÝVê$nm{U

eV¥ àË``mÝVdV©_mZH¥$XÝVê$n_² (nañ_¡n{XYmVyZm_²)YmVw: àË``: - nw±{„“o ór{b“o Z.{b“onR²> + eV¥ - nR>Z² nR>ÝVr nR>V²nyUª Hw$éV -{bI² + eV¥ - ______ ______ _________ + ___ - H«$sS>Z² H«$sS>ÝVr H«$sS>V²Mb² + ___ - MbZ² MbÝVr MbV²___ + ___ - nVZ² nVÝVr nVV²

emZM² àË``mÝV- dV©_mZH¥$XÝVê$n_² (AmË_Zon{XYmVyZm_²)dÝX² + emZM² dÝX_mZ: dÝX_mZm dÝX_mZ_²nyUª Hw$éV &^mf² + ___ ^mf_mU: ^mf_mUm ^mf_mU_²___ + emZM² gh_mZ: ______ ______d¥Y² + ___ ______ ______ _________ + ___ amO_mZ: amO_mZm amO_mZ_²

º$mÝV ^yVH¥$XÝVê$n_² (H$_©{U AW} ^mdmW} M)YmVw: àË``: - nw±{„“o ór{b“o Z.{b“onR²> + º$ - n{R>V: n{R>Vm n{R>V_²nyUª Hw$éV &{bI² + ___ - {bpIV: {bpIVm _________ +º$ - A{M©V: ______ A{M©V_²Ord² + ___ - Or{dV: Or{dVm Or{dV_²___ + ___ - Im{XV: Im{XVm Im{XV_²

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109

º$dVw àË``mÝV: ^yVH¥$XÝVê$n_² (H$V©[a AW})YmVw: àË``: - nw±{„“o ór{b“o Z.{b“onR²> + º$dVw - n{R>VdmZ² n{R>VdVr n{R>VdV²nyUª Hw$éV Ord² + º$dVw ______ ______ ______ AM©² + ___ - A{M©VdmZ² ______ A{M©VdV²ImX² + º$dVw - Im{XVdmZ² Im{XVdVr ______J_² + ___ - ______ JVdVr JVdV²

nX~ÝY:* dm_V: X[jU_²

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2) bVm JrV§ Jm`{V & JrVm JrV§ Jm`{V &

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Ah§ Hw$ebr Apñ_ & A{n Hw$ebr ^dmZ² ?

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AWm©b‘>mam:1. Cn_mb‘>ma:

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Aä`mg:

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1. lram_: gmJa Bd Jå^ra: &

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Aï>>JUm: `-a-V-^-O-g-_-Z &Am{X_Ü`mdgmZofw àVm `mpÝV bmKd_² &Ôgm Jm¡ad§ `mpÝV _Zm¡ Vw JwébmKd_² &&AÌ JUgyMH§$ gwb^§ gyÌ_{n dV©Vo &

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2. bKyÎma§ {bIV &1. AZwïw>n² N>ÝXg: bjU§ {bIV &2. BÝÐdO«md¥Îmñ` bjU§ {bIV &

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EH${d§e: nmR>:

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·> {_Ì§ à{V nÌ_² &

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· ZJanm{bH$m§ à{V nÌ_² &

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2. XÿaXe©Z_²

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nyaH$nmR>:

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EH$pñ_Z² J«m_o EH$: H¥$nU:{^jwH$: AmgrV² & g: à{V{XZ§ {^jmQ>Z§ H¥$Ëdm YZ§

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2. d¥Õm`m: Xoeào_

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J«m_ñW:- V{Ûfò {MÝVm _mñVw& ^dË`m: nwÌ… n#mËd§ JV: & {H$ÝVw Xoe:

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3.Y_m} aj{V a{jV:

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AmVwañ` {^f{¶Ì§ XmZ§ {_Ì§ _[aî`V: && 6 &&

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6. àdmg§ Hw$d©V: gmW© (g`m{ÌH$:) Ed {_Ì§ ^d{V & J¥ho {ZdgV: nËZr

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H¥${V: - _hm^maV_², Aï>mXenwamUm{Z, ~«÷gyÌm{U &

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Am^mUH$m:

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{damQ>ZJao aåò H$sMH$mXwnH$sMH$_² Ÿ&AÌ {H«$`mnX§ dºw … h¡_§ Xmñ`m{_ H$‘>U_² Ÿ&&{d… = njr, AmQ> = g#ma{V, h¡_§ = erVb_², H$_² = Ob_²

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1. goVwnmR>:

Aï>_H$ú`m`m§ ò ì`mH$aUm§em: àXÎmm:, {d{eî` ^mfmJ«hUo Vofm§

nwZñ_maU_²&

1. dU©_mbm & ñdam:, A`moJdmhm¡, ì`ÄOZm{Z

2. _mhoœagyÌm{U &

3. gw~ÝV_² & AÌ gá{d^º$sZm § {b“ôXkmZnyd©H § $ dmŠò

à`moJH$m¡ebgånmXZ_²&

4. gpÝYH$m`©n[aM`: - ñdagpÝY: &

5. {VLÝV_² - {H«$`mnXofw YmVw-bH$ma`mo: oX: VW¡d {deof{H«$`mnXmZm§

n[aM`: H$amo{V -Hw$éVo, ApñV -dV©Vo A{n M bQ²>, b¥Q²>, bmoQ²>

bL² bH$mamUm§ nwZñ_maU_²

6. g§»`m - 1 V: 100 n`©ÝV_² &

7. g_mg: - ÛÝÛ: &

àíZm: :-

1. g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ H${V ñdam: gpÝV?

2. _mhoœagyÌofw n#m_§ gyÌ§ {H$_²?

3. àmV: nXñ` {déÕmW©H§$ nX§ {H$_²?

4. H${V dMZm{Z gpÝV?

5. amOm nXñ` g_mZmW©H§$ nX§ {H$_²?

6. H${V {d^º$`: dV©ÝVo?

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148

7. bQ²> bH$mao nR²> YmVmo: CÎm_nwéf¡H$dMZê$n§ {H$_²?

8. {dÚmb`: BX§ nX§ {d^Á` gpÝYZm_ {bIV &

9. am_ eãXñ` gá_r{d^{º${ÛdMZê$n§ {bIV &

10. AnR>V² B{V {H«$`mnX_² - bH$mao ApñV &

11. {H«$`mnXñ` _yb§ {H$_²?

12. 11.30 - gmY£H$mXedmXZ_² :: 8.15 & AÌ MVwWª nX§ {H$_²?

13. am_H¥$îUm¡ EVñ` {dJ«hdmŠ`§ {bIV &

14. 24 EVñ` g§»`mdmMH$nX§ {bIV &

15. am_: XeaWñ` nwÌ: & aoIm{‘>VnX_w{Ôí` àíZ{Z_m©U§ Hw$éV &

*****

AdYo`m§e…

Ho$MZ Ý`m`m…

1. gyMrH$Q>mhÝ`m`…Ÿ& 2. _mOm©ajraÝ`m`…Ÿ&

3. AaÊàmoXZÝ`m`…Ÿ& 4. h§gjraÝ`m`…Ÿ&

5. ñWmbrnwbmH$Ý`m`…Ÿ& 6. nL²>½dÝYÝ`m`…Ÿ&

7. AÝYJOÝ`m`…Ÿ& 8. H$mH$Vmbr`Ý`m`…Ÿ&

9. d¥j~rOÝ`m`…Ÿ& 10. hñVm_bH$Ý`m`…Ÿ&

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2. dmŠàMZmH$m¡eb_²

* àXÎm§ {MÌ§ X¥îQ²>dm `Wm N>mÌ: n#mdmŠ`m{Z {bI{V VWm AÜ`mnH$:

N>mÌmZ² gyMòV² &

CXmhaU_²-

1.

1) Ef: {dÚmb`mo@pñV & 2) {dÚmb`ñ` nwaV: ÜdOñVå^: ^d{V & 3)

{dÚmb`ñ` n¥ð>V: d¥j: ApñV & 4) {dÚmb`ñ` nwaV: N>mÌm: gpÝV & 5)

{dÚmb`§ n[aV: gñ`m{Z gpÝV &

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150

2.

J¥h_², AMb:, _mJ©:, ZXr, joÌ_², Ob_², CÞV:, J«m_:

___________________________________________

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151

3.

CÚmZ_², Xrn:, {ebmgZ_², dVw©bmH$ma:, nd©V:, {dhapÝV, Cn{depÝV

___________________________________________

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4.

`mZ_², _mJ©:, OZm:, ~{bH$m, AmnU:, JÀN>{V, {dH«$rUrVo, dmZ{n, emo Vo

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153

Z`Z_², _wI_², H$U©:, _H©$Q>:,JmÝYr_hmoX`:, Cn{de{V, ní`{V, ûm¥¥Umo{V

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5.

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154

3. JÚmdJmhZ_²

nmR>:-1

H$pñ_píMX² J«m_o EH$: d¥Õ: H¥$fH$: AdgV² & g: n[al_r, XÿaXeu VWm

gabñd^md: AmgrV² & Vñ` MËdma: nwÌm: AmgZ² & na§ Vo Abgm: A^dZ² &

Vo H¥${fH$m`} {nVw: gh`moJ§ Z AHw$d©Z² & Z M Vofm§ H¥${fH$m`} é{M: AmgrV² &

Añ_mV² H$maUmV² d¥ÕH¥$fH$: {MpÝVVdmZ²&

_aUmgÞmdgao g: ñdnwÌmZ² AH$W`V², V² __ joÌofw Jwá§ YZ§ dV©Vo, __

_aUmZÝVa§ joÌm{U I{ZËdm gwJwá§ YZ§ àmßZw`w…& nwÌm: EVV² lwËdm àmgrXZ²&

{nVw: _¥Ë`mo: nümV² {ZOjoÌm{U AH$f©`Z² & na§ gwJwá§ YZ§ Z bãY_² & Vo

{Zamem: gÄOmVm: & AÝVo _mVw: àoaU`m Vo nwÌm: joÌofw ~rOm{Z AdnZ² &

n[aUm_V: à^yV§ YmÝ`_² A^dV² & A{n M {nVw: gwJwáYZñ` ahñ`_² A~moYZ²&

àíZm:-

1. H¥$fH$: Hw$Ì AdgV²?

2. d¥ÕH¥$fH$ñ` ñd^md: H$sX¥e: AmgrV²?

3. d¥ÕH¥$fH$ñ` nwÌm: ñd^mdoZ H$sX¥em: AmgZ²?

4. Jwá§ YZ§ Hw$Ì dV©Vo?

5. H$Xm gwJwá§ YZ§ àmßZw`mV²?

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nmR>:-2

AW H$Xm{MV² V¥fmV©: H$mo@{n dm`g: Ob§ àmáw§ gw{Ma_² A^«_V² & na§ g: H$mH$: Z Hw$Ìm{n CXH§$ àmádmZ² & VV: ewîH$dXZ: n[almÝV: Mmgm¡ àmádmZ² {H$_{n CÚmZ_² & VÌ {h ^m½òZ X¥ï>dmZ² ObHw$å^_² &

Cn{dí` M Vñ`monmÝVo Ob§ nmVw_² A`VV & {H$ÝVw CXH§$ Vpñ_Z² KQ>o ñdën_² AmgrV² & Vñ_mV² Ob§ à{V M#mw§ ZoVw§ g: ZmeŠZmoV² & VXm g: Cnm`§ H¥$VdmZ² & g: KQ>o Cnbm{Z M#dm CÕ¥Ë` A{jnV² & erK«_od Ob_² Cn[a AmJÀN>V² & VXm n[aVwï>>: g: ^¥e§ Ob_² A{n~V² &

àíZm:-

1. H$mH$: KQ>§ Hw$Ì X¥ï>>dmZ²?

2. H$mH$: KQ>o H$m{Z A{jnV²?

3. Ob§ àmáw§ H$: A^«_V²?

4. n[aVwï>>: H$mH$: {H$_² AH$amoV²?

5. ZmeŠZmoV² nX§ {d^Á` {bIV &

*****

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nmR…> 3

H$pñ_¨{íMV² J«m_o H$íMZ npÊS>V… AmgrV²Ÿ& Vñ` Zm_ ^wHw$ÊS>… B{VŸ& H$Xm{MV² Vñ`mon[a H$íMZ AndmX… Amn{VV…Ÿ& amO^Q>m… V§ H$mo{dX§ e¥’b`m ~Õ²dm Z¥nñ` g_rn§ Z`pÝVŸ& ^yn{V… V§ {dMm`© _aUXÊS>Z_² Am{Xe[VŸ& VXm ^wHw$ÊS>… "Ah§ íbmoH$_oH§$ dXm{_ H¥$n`m AZw_qV XXmVw' B{V àmW©`{VŸ&

^{Å>Z©ï>>mo ^ma{díMm{n Zï>…

{^jwZ©ï>mo ^r_goZmo@{n Zï>…Ÿ&

^wHw$ÊS>mo@h§ ^yn{VñËd§ {h amOZ²

^^mdë`m_ÝVH$ñg{Þ{dï>…Ÿ&&

B_§ íbmoH§$ lwËdm amOm V_² _aUXÊS>ZmV² A_moM`V²Ÿ&

àíZm… -

1. npÊS>Vñ` Zm_ {H$_²Ÿ?2. H$ñ`mon[a AndmX… Amn{VV…?3. H$mo{dX§ Ho$ Z`pÝV?4. "npÊS>V…' nXñ` n`m©`nX§ {H$_²?5. ^yn{V… {H$_² Am{Xe{V?

^^md„r = ^ - ^{Å>…, ^m - ^ma{d… {^ - {^jw…, ^r - r_goZ… ^w - ^wHw$ÊS>…, ^y - ^yn{V…AÝVH$…=`_…

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nmR>:-4

g§ñH¥$V^mfm Xod^mfm & àmòU gdm©gm§ ^maVr`^mfmUm§ àmU^yVm B{V &

`Wm àmUr AÞoZ Ord{V naÝVw dm`w§ {dZm AÞ_{n OrdZ§ a{jVw§ Z eŠZmo{V

VW¡d Añ_Ôoeñ` H$m{n ^mfm g§ñH¥$V^mfmdbå~§ {dZm Or{dVw_² Aj_o{V

{Z:g§e`_²& Añ`m_od Añ_mH§$ Y_©:,Añ_mH${_{Vhmg:, Añ_mH§$ yV§,^{dî`#m

gdª gwg{Þ{hV_pñV &

àíZm: -

1. g§ñH¥$V^mfm H$mgm§ àmU^yVm ApñV?

2. àmUr H§$ {dZm Z Ord{V?

3. g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ qH$ qH$ gwg{Þ{hV_² ApñV?

4. Aj_o{V BX§ nX§ {d^Á` {bIV &

5. {dZm Aì`òZ dmŠ`§ aM`V &

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4. àíZn{ÌH$m ñdê$n_²-IX 90 A‘>m:

^mJ:- A (JÚ_² nÚ_²)

* EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIV & 10x1=10

* MVwW©nX§ {bIV & 4x1=4

* bKyÎmam{U {bIV & 4x2=8

* ûcmoH$`mo: Vmá ª g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm {bIV& 2x2=4

* H$do… Xoe-H$mb-J«ÝWmZm§ {dfò {bIV & 1x3=3

* {ZX}emZwgma_² CÎma§ {bIV& 3x3=9

* XedmŠ`¡: g§ñH¥V^mf`m, Am“²b^mf`m,

H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm CÎma§ {bIV & 3x3=9

* nÚ§ nya`V & 1x3=3

* An{R>VJÚ_² 1x4=4

^mJ:- Am (ì`mH$aU_²)

* g_w{MV_² CÎma§ H«$_mjaoU gh {MËdm {bIV& 10x1=10

* à`mon[adV©Z§ Hw$éV & 1x2=2

* dmŠ`Xmof§ n[ahaV & 1x2=2

* Ab‘>ma§ {dd¥UwV & 1x3=3

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* àñVma§ {d{b»`, JU{d^mJ§ H¥$Ëdm N>ÝXg: Zm_ {bIV& 1x3=3

^mJ: - B (aMZmË_H${d^mJ…)

* g§ñH¥$V^mfm AZwdmX§ Hw$éV & 1x3=3

* g§ñH¥$V^mf`m, H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m dm AZwdmX§ Hw$éV& 1x3=3

* nÌ§ {bIV & 1x5=5

* à~ÝY§ {bIV & 1x5=5

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160

5. _mJ©X{e©Zr àíZn{ÌH$m IX Std. Summative Assessment-2

Max. Marks-90

^mJ: - A (JÚ_²-nÚ_²)

EH$dmŠòZ CÎma§ {bIVm& 10x1=10

1. {gÕmê$T>ñ` Jwé… H$…?

2. àmMrZH$mbo à{gÕm:J{UVkm: Ho$?

3. ~{bamO: Ho$Z nmVmbbmoH§$ àdo{eV: ?

4. Ho$ Z `moJ_h©V: ?

5. ^r_: {damQ>amOoZ Hw$Ì {d{Z`wº$:?

6. Am{XMw#mZ{J[ajoÌñ` àYmZ^yV: Xod: H$: ?

7. {dH«$_mH©$M[añ` Zm_mÝVa§ {H$_² ?

8. ed©gwV: H$:?

9. Za: àË`h§ qH$ àË`dojoV?

10. A{ZË`m{Z H$m{Z ?

MVwWª nX§ {bIV& 4x1=4

11. ÌoVm`wJ_² :- lram_: ; Ûmna`wJ_² .................&

12. gmJa:- g_wÐ: gwa^maVr.................&

13. gd©bKw:- ZJU : gd©Jwé .................&

14. Z_:- MVwWu; ~{h:.................&

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bKyÎmam{U {bIV & 4x2=8

15. àmgmX§ àmám A{n ñdm{_MaUm… {H$_Wª g^m§ Zmb‘x>d©pÝV ?

16. ~«÷amjg… H$W§ emn{d_wŠV… A^dV²?17. na_mW©V… {ed… H$W_pñV ?18. gm¡^Ð: H$W§ J«hU§ JV:? dm nwamUarË`m Am{XMwÄMZ{Jao… H$m H$Wm ^d{V ?

ûbmoH$`mo: VmËn`ª g§ñH¥V^mf`m H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m AmL²½b^mf`m dm {bIV& 2x2=4

19. dnw{d©ê$nmj_² AbúÒÝ_Vm {XJå~aËdoZ {Zdo{XV§ dgw& daofw `X²~mb_¥Jm{j _¥½`Vo VXpñV qH$ ì`ñV_{n {ÌbmoMZo &&20. J“mVw“mH$mdoarOb_ñ_mH§$ _Ëdm

H¥$Vg‘>ënm: H$m`ª H$Vw©_² Ambñ`§ {hËdm & gwdU©nwînm§ n¥{Wdr_oVm§ H«$ïw>_² Am`mÝVw àdhVw H$m_§ ñdoXòmoV: Y¡`ª _m OhVw @ @

^mo: ^mo:, Y¡`ª _m OhVw @ &&

H$do: Xoe-H$mb-J«ÝWmZm§ {dfò {bIV & 1x3=3

21. {dÛmZ² {O. _hm~boída ^Å>: dm H$m{bXmg:&&

`Wm {ZX}e_² CÎma§ {bIV & 3x3=9


H$: nmR>:? H$: AdXV²?H$ñ` µµ{MÌo?

23. VdmZwd¥qÎm Z M H$Vw©_wËgho &

H$: nmR>:? H$: AZwd¥qÎm H$Vwª Z CËgho? H$m_² AdXV²?

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162

24. ghOm¡ _o àhaU_²&

H$: nmR>: ? H$_² AdXV²? H$ñ` ^wOm¡ ghOm¡ àhaU_²?

Xe{^: dmŠ`¡: CÎma§ g§ñH¥$V^mf`m H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m

Am“²b^mf`m dm {bIV& 3x3=9

25. Xrnmd{b_hmoËgdñ` d¡{eï`§ {bIV &

26. Am{XMw#mZ{J[a: B{V Zm_ H$W§ à{WV_²?

27. gw^m{fVH$ma: MmVH§$ gå~moÜ` qH$ dX{V, Vñ` gÝXoe… H$: ?

dm

~¥hÞbm - A{^_Ýædmo: gå^mfU§ g§J¥ø {bIV &

nÚ§ nya`V& 1x3=3

28. CÚmo{JZ§.....................................

..............................................

..............................................

................................ H$mo@ÌXmof: &&

29 AZwÀYoX§ n{R>Ëdm CÎmaV

nmR>:-4g§ñH¥$V^mfm Xod^mfm & àmòU gdm©gm§ ^maVr`^mfmUm§ àmU^yVm B{V &

`Wm àmUr AÞoZ Ord{V naÝVw dm`w§ {dZm AÞ_{n OrdZ§ a{jVw§ Z eŠZmo{V VW¡d Añ_Ôoeñ` H$m{n ^mfm g§ñH¥$V^mfmdbå~§ {dZm Or{dVw_² Aj_o{V {Z:g§e`_²& Añ`m_od Añ_mH§$ Y_©:,Añ_mH${_{Vhmg:, Añ_mH§$ yV§,^{dî`#m

gdª gwg{Þ{hV_pñV &

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àíZm: -

1. g§ñH¥$V^mfm H$mgm§ àmU^yVm ApñV?

2. àmUr H§$ {dZm Z Ord{V?

3. g§ñH¥$V^mfm`m§ qH$ qH$ gwg{Þ{hV_² ApñV?

4. "{dZm' Aì`òZ dmŠ`§ aM`V &

1x3=3

^mJ-Am (ì`mH$aU_²)

g_w{MV§ CÎma§ {MËdm H«$_mjaoU gh {bIV& 10x1=10

30. "gÁOZ:' BË`Ì A`§ gpÝY: ApñV&

a.OíËdgpÝY: b.AZwZm{gH$gpÝY: c.íMwËdpÝY: d.AZwñdmagpÝY:

31. "H$Um©Ow©Zm¡' AÌ A`§ g_mg: ApñV &

a.H$_©Yma`: b.{ÛJw: c.ÛÝÛ: d.VËnwéf:

32. ñ_¥V: Añ` g_mZmW©H$nX_² BX§ ^d{V &

a._¥V: b.{dñ_¥V: c.A_¥V: d.kmV:

33. bwãYH$: Añ` g_mZmW©H$ nX_² BX§ ^d{V&

a.MaU: b.ì`mK«: c.ì`mY: d.{nH$:

34. gåàXmZH$maH$ñ` {d^{º$: Efm&

a.V¥Vr`m b.n#m_r c.gá_r d.MVwWu

35. dÝX¡ Ef: bH$ma:

a.bQ²> b.bwQ²>> c.b¥Q²>> d.bmoQ²>>

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36. C^md{n Añ` gpÝY{dÔZ_² Ed§ ^d{V &

a.C^m+A{n b.C^m¡+A{n c.C^md + {n d.C^m + n{n

37. AÌ g_yhoVa nX_² BX§ ^d{V&

a.am_m` b.{dhm` c.gy`m©` d.haò

38. CÎmanXmW©àYmZ: Ef: g_mg: &

a.{ÛJw: b.H$_©Yma`: c.VËnwéf: d.ÛÝÛ:

39. JUm: EVo gpÝV&

a.Aï> b.n#m c.fQ²>> d.Ì`:

40. à`moJ§ n[adV©`V & 1x2=2

a. Ah§ Jwé§ Z_m{_

b. ~mboZ jra§ nr`Vo&

41. dmŠ`Xmof§ n[ahaV& 1x2=2

a. ZJaoU A{^V: CndZ_² ApñV &

b. ^moOZñ` àmH² hñVnmX§ àjmb`& 1x3=3

42. Ab‘>ma§ {dd¥UwV &

{dÚmYZ§ gd©YZàYmZ_² &

àñVma§ {d{b»` JU{d^mJ§ H¥$Ëdm N>ÝXmo Zm_ {bIV& 1x3=3

43. gånyU©Hw$å^mo Z H$amo{Z íãX_²&

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^mJ:-B (aMZmË_H$ {d^mJ:)

g§ñH¥$V ^mf`m AZwdmX`V& 1x3=3

44. EzÀÄ £ÀªÀÄä Hj£À zÉÃªÁ®AiÀÄ. EzÀgÀ ªÀÄÄAzÉ ÀgÉÆÃªÀgÀ«zÉ. »AzÉ

G¥ÀªÀ£À«zÉ. E°èUÉ d£ÀgÀÄ ¨É½UÉÎ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁAiÀÄAPÁ® «ºÀj¸À®Ä

§gÀÄvÁÛgÉ.

H$Um©Q>H$^mf`m AmL²½b^mf`m dm AZwdmX§ Hw$éV& 1x3=3

45. BÝXþ: amÌm¡ CX`Vo& BÝXmo: àH$me: MpÝÐH$m& MpÝÐH$m`m: Á`moËñZm B{V

Zm_ ApñV& gm erVbm Am‡mXH$m[aUr M dV©Vo&

46. {XZÌ § {dam_§ gåàmÏ © H$ú`mÜ`mnH§$ à{V {dam_nÌ§ {bIV 1x5=5

dm

embmdm{f©H$moËgd{dfò {_Ì§ à{V nÌ§ {bIV&

à~ÝY§ {bIV 1x5=5

47. OZg§»`mñ\$moQ>: dm XÿaXe©Z_²

***

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6. nXH$mof:

A{YH¥$V: C¢üPÁgÀ ºÉÆA¢zÀ Authoritatively

AZwemgZ_² DzÉÃ±À Instruction

AZyÚ CzsÀåAiÀÄ£ÀªÀiÁr Having studied

AÝVodmgr ²µÀå Student

A{^b{fV_² EaÒ¹zÀ Desied

A{Yð>mZ_² ¥ÀlÖt City

A_oÜ`_² ªÀÄ® Human shit,stool

Aeof: ¸ÀA¥ÀÆtð Entire, Complete

A{OZ_² ZÀªÀÄð Skin

A{H$#mZ: §qÀªÀ Poor

AYa: PÉ¼ÀvÀÄn Down lips (lowerlip)

AZwñ`yV: ¤gÀAvÀgÀ Continuously

Aå^moX: ªÉÆÃqÀ Cloud

AÝd`: ªÀA±À Dynasty leanage

AMb: ¥ÀªÀðvÀ Mountain

A{h: ºÁªÀÅ Snake, serpent

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Amåb: ºÀÄ½ Sour

Am_«: ªÀiÁªÀÅ Mango

Am`VZ_² PÀlÖqÀ Building

AmIoQ>H$: ¨ÉÃmÉUÁgÀ A hunter

Ambr UÉ¼Àw, ¸Á®Ä A female friend, line

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AZb: ¨ÉAQ Fire

A§g: ºÉUÀ®Ä Shoulder

AmV©: zÀÄ:R Pathetic

CpÀN>ð>_² JAd®Ä Leftover

Cn`ÝVm ªÀgÀ, ªÀÄzÀÄªÀÄUÀ Bridegroom

CX{Y: ¸ÀªÀÄÄzÀæ Ocean

CËg“: vÉÆqÉ Lap, theigh

CpËgº$: CºÀAPÁj Egoist

H$Qw>: SÁgÀ Hot

H$J©O: PÁUÀzÀ Paper

H¥$ËñZ_² ¸ÀA¥ÀÆtð Complete

Hw$ë`m PÁ®ÄªÉ Cannal

Hy$_©: DªÉÄ Tortoise

Hy$X©: ¸ÀàzÉð Competition

J«rdm PÀÄwÛUÉ, PÀAoÀ Neck

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J«hU_² »rAiÀÄÄ«PÉ Holding

K¥V_² vÀÄ¥Àà Ghee

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Oam ªÀÄÄ¢vÀ£À Old age

Od{ZH$m ¥ÀgÀzÉ Screen

VQ>mH$: PÉgÉ Lake

Xemñ`: gÁªÀt Ravana (ademan)

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XþHy$b: gÉÃ±Éä §mÉÖ Silkgarment

Z^: DPÁ±À Sky

{ZP©[aUr QgÀÄvÉÆgÉ A small falls

{Zeå` PÉÃ½ Having heard

{Zem gÁwæ Night

n`w©{fV_² vÀAUÀ®Ä, G½zÀÄPÉÆ¼Àî®Ä Tostay

nZg: ºÀ®¹£ÀºÀtÄÚ Jock fruit

nXm{V: PÁ¯Á¼ÀÄ soldier

nÝWm: ªÀiÁUÀð Road

àgy{V: d£À£À Birth

{nZmH$nm{U: ²ªÀ Lord shiva

{nV¥gÙ ªÀÄ¸Àt,¸Àä±Á£À Graveyard

n¥WH²$ ¨ÉÃgÉ Separate

à{VnV² ¥ÁqÀå First day after full-moon

àUoVm gÀa¹zÀªÀ£ÀÄ Writer

àhaU_² DAiÀÄÄzsÀ Weapon

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nrV_² ºÀ¼À¢ Yellow

nrZ_² zÀ¥Àà Bulky

~mhw: vÉÆÃ¼ÀÄ Arm, shoulder

~«m÷U… §æºÀäeÁÕ¤…

^y{V: ªÀÄAUÀ® Auspicious

^„ÿH$: PÀgÀr Bear

_hmZg: CqÀÄUÉ ªÀÄ£É Kitchen

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_mVwb: ¸ÉÆÃzÀgÀ ªÀiÁªÀ Maternal uncle

_¥½`Vo ºÀÄqÀÄPÀ®àqÀÄvÀÛzÉ It is searched out

_¥{ÎmH$m ªÀÄtÄÚ Soil clay

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amg^: PÀvÉÛ Donkey

am¡ß`_² ¨É½î Silver

amOrd: PÀªÀÄ® Lotus

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dnw: ±ÀjÃgÀ Body

d{UH²$ ªÁå¥Áj Businessman

d{Q>H$m zÉÆÃ¸É Cake, Dosa

dUu §æºÀäZÁj An unmarried man

dQw>: §æºÀäZÁj An unmarried man

dË_© ªÀiÁUÀð,zÁj Way, road

damh: ºÀA¢ Pig

dm¶`: ¸Á»vÀå Literature

dmÄN>m D¸É Desire

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ì`gZ_² C¨sÁå¸À habit

dm{Q>H$m GzÁå£À garden

dgw ¸ÀA¥ÀvÀÄÛ,L±ÀéAiÀÄð wealth

{d{nZ_² PÁqÀÄ, CgÀtå forest

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ì`ñV_² MAzÀÄ single

ì`mO: £É¥À reason

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emo{UV_² gÀPÀÛ Blood

em¡ÊS>r`©_² ¥ÀgÁPÀæªÀÄ Bravery

gy{ÌH$m ±Á«UÉ Noodles

g[aV² £À¢ River

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gwöV² ¸ÉßÃ»vÀ Friend

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H$Zm©Q>H$àemgZ ² g§ñH¥$VZpÝXZr - 2 publishedktbs.kar.nic.in/new/website textbooks/class9/9th standard/9th-langua… · The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in