Hypo-Describe: There is a higher concentration inside the cell than outside. Water moves into the cell to equal out concentration Animal Cell (RBC and Cell in Beaker): Cells swell and burst due to water moving in.Plant Cell: Cells remain in a normal “turgid” state but the vacuoles are swelled and full.

Iso-Describe: The inside of the cell and outside has an equal proportion of concentration. Water continually flows in and out to keep concentration balanced.Animal (RBC and Cell in Beaker): cell is in normal condition as homeostasis has been reached.Plant Cell: Cell is in normal condition. Vacuole is full but not overly.

Hyper-Describe: Concentration inside is less than outside of the cell. Water moves out of the cell to try to even out the concentration.Animal(RBC and Cell in Beaker): Cell has lost so much water that it is shriveled.Plant Cell: vacuole has lost water and cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall causing a loss of turgidity. (plant wilts).

Exocytosis:Part of the cell membrane surrounds materials in a vesicle and carries them out of the cell to be released outside.Used for:-Molecules that are too large to move through the cell membrane-Removing waste and worn out organelles-Requires the use of ATP energy-Active Transport

Endocytosis: Part of the cell membrane surrounds materials in a vesicle and carries them into the cell to be released inside.Used for:- Molecules that are too large to move through the cell membrane - Engulfing food- Requires the use of ATP energy- Active Transport

-Osmosis: Movement of water molecules from high to low concentration with the gradient. Continues until concentrations reach equilibrium/homeostasis. Does not require energy = passive transport

Passive Transport: Diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane WITHOUT the use of ATP energy Used for: -Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration WITH the concentration gradient-Continues until concentrations reach equilibrium-Example: Carbon Dioxide, Water, Oxygen Movement of water molecules from high to low

Passive Transport

Active Transport: Movement of molecules across the cell membrane using ATP ENERGY Used for:-Movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient. Example: Sodium and Potassium-Molecules that are too large to move through the cell membrane easily. Example: Glucose and Starch

Transport Protein: Protein embedded in the cell membrane responsible for “picking up” molecules from the outside or inside of the cell and carrying them across the cell membrane Used for:-Molecules that are too large to move through the cell membrane-Requires ATP energy = ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Active Transport