Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
www.fh-luebeck.de
HydrologyGroundwaterProf. Dr. Christoph Kulls, Hydrology and Water Management,Laboratory for Hydrology
2
Hydrologie
Content
1. Introduction
2. Motivation
3. Definitions
4. Basics
5. Flow Lines
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
3
Introduction
Objectives
To learn about ...
types of aquifers
groundwater hydrology terms
measurement of water levels
calculation of groundwater flow and storage
Basics to understand groundwater flow and storage
Physical background
Hydrological Relevance
Application
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
4
Motivation
GroundwaterRelevance
Groundwater is the largest store in the hydrological cycle. Itcompensates for seasonal variations and provides mid-term andlong-term safety for drinking water supply. Aquifers clean waterand remove or attenuate/reduce the concentration of bacteria,organic pollutants and even some metals due to naturalattenuation and degradation.
drinking water supply (safe and secure)
management of water resources under changing climate
managed aquifer recharge
Groundwater also plays an important role in runoff stormgeneration. Management of groundwater along coasts and insemi-arid and arid regions is key for water security.
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
5
Definitions
Terminology
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
6
Definitions
Terminology
USGS, 2012
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
7
Basics
Physical background
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
8
Basics
Porosity
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
9
Basics
Water Level Observation
WMO, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
10
Basics
Construction of a Borehole
WMO, 2008Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
11
Basics
Multi-Level Boreholes
WMO 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
12
Basics
Map of Observation Data
WMO, 2008Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
13
Basics
Hydrologic Triangle
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
14
Basics
Cross-section with Observation Data
WMO, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
15
Basics
Interpretation of Contours
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
16
Basics
Pumping and Storage
WMO, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
17
Basics
Pumping and Storage
WMO, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
18
Basics
Parameters
WMO, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
19
Basics
Porosity
WMO, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
20
Basics
Packing Density
USGS, 2012
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
21
Basics
Grain Size Distribution
USGS, 2012
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
22
Basics
Hydraulic Conductivity
WMO, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
23
Basics
Darcy Experiment
Savenje, 1992
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
24
Basics
Darcy’s Law
vf = −kf ∗ dh/dx [m/s]
Qa = vf ∗ A [m3/s]
vf hydraulic conductivity [m/s]dh change in water level [m]dx along distance x [m]dh/dx gradientQ flux, discharge [m3/s]A area of aquifer cross-section [m2]
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
25
Basics
Flow Lines
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
26
Basics
Porosity
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
27
Basics
Groundwater Yield
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
28
Basics
Specific Yield and Storativity
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
29
Flow Lines
Groundwater Flow Lines
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
30
Flow Lines
Flow Paths
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
31
Flow Lines
Seawater Intrusion
Heath, 2008
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
32
Flow Lines
Summary ...
Monitoring
Contour Line Interpretation
Modeling
Prof. Dr. C. Kulls, Labor for HydrologyLubeck, 2017
