Hydrological Survey for Development of HEPP

Determination of Techno-economical Viable Hydro Project

Capacity …….

P M V SubbaraoProfessor

Mechanical Engineering Department

Methodology of HEPP Development

• Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey.

• Estimation of Potential

• Regulations & Environmental Concerns

• Feasible Supply

• Turbine Selection

• Costing and Payback.

Hydrological Survey: Flow Duration Curve

• To measure the flow-rate vs time at a given site.

• Direct Measurement of the flow rate.

• The more robust option is to find out the flow-rate by working out the volume of water that was entering the river.

• This uses the rainfall data from met office.

Hydrological Cycle

Catchment Area

The Western Ghats

East Flowing River : The Krishna

East Flowing River : The Krishna

Catchment Area: 2,58,958 Sq. kmAnnual Yield: 57,000 M.cum

The West Flowing River: The Sharavathi

The river Sharavathi originates at a height of 730m near Ambuthirtha, in Shimoga district.It flows in a north-west direction, in its long, 132-km journey.

Rain Fall Data : Hydrograph

Flow Duration Curve

Average Flow duration Curve

Average Flow duration CurveMean of 10 – 30 years

% of time

Dis

char

ge, C

umec

s

Qm

Q100%

Q95%

Q50%

Estimation of Hydro Power Potential

• Mean potential power• The annual mean discharge is the value that equalizes the area

of the annual flow duration curve. • The average of mean flow is understood as the arithmetic mean

of annual mean discharges for a period of 10 to 30 years. • Minimum potential power, or theoretical capacity of 100%, is

the term for the potential computed from the minimum flow observed. Np100

• Small potential power. The theoretical capacity of 95% can be derived from the discharge of 95% duration as indicated by the average flow duration curve. Np95.

• Median or average potential power. The theoretical capacity of 50% can be computed from the discharge of 50% duration as represented by the average flow duration curve. Np50.

Determination of storage capacity & Submergence of Catchment Area

Creation of Reservoir

Reservoirs

• A reservoir is a manmade lake or structure used to store water.

• A reservoir with dam has an uncontrolled inflow but a largely controlled outflow.

• The water available for storage is totally a function of the natural stream flow.

• Reservoir capacity is the max. volume of water that can be stored in the particular reservoir.

• It is the normal maximum pool level behind a dam. • This can be calculated by using a topographic map of the

region.

Mass Flow Analysis

month DischargeCum.

DischargeReservoir

Draft month

Cum. Reservoir

Draft

1 296 296 -259.917 1 -259.92

2 386 682 -169.917 2 -429.83

3 504 1186 -51.9167 3 -481.75

4 714 1900 158.083 4 -323.67

5 810 2710 254.083 5 -69.58

6 1154 3864 598.083 6 528.50

7 746 4610 190.083 7 718.58

8 1158 5768 602.083 8 1320.67

9 348 6116 -207.917 9 1112.75

10 150 6266 -405.917 10 706.83

11 223 6489 -332.917 11 373.92

12 182 6671 -373.917 12 0.00

  555.9167        

Cumulative Discharge curve : Reservoir capacity

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0 3 6 9 12

Month

Cu

mm

ula

tive

Flo

w R

ate

Feeding Flow

Annual Mean Discharge

Storage Capacity

Mass Flow Analysis

month DischargeCum. Discharge

Reservoir Draft month

Cum. Reservoir Draft

1 296 296 -259.917 1 -259.92

2 386 682 -169.917 2 -429.83

3 504 1186 -51.9167 3 -481.75

4 714 1900 158.083 4 -323.67

5 810 2710 254.083 5 -69.58

6 1154 3864 598.083 6 528.50

7 746 4610 190.083 7 718.58

8 1158 5768 602.083 8 1320.67

9 348 6116 -207.917 9 1112.75

10 150 6266 -405.917 10 706.83

11 223 6489 -332.917 11 373.92

12 182 6671 -373.917 12 0.00

  555.9167        

-600.00

-400.00

-200.00

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

1600.00

0 5 10

Reservoir Draft for Power Generation

Reservoir Volume = 1800X106 m3

Cum

ulat

ive

Dra

ft

Creation of Reservoir : Srisailam

Height of Dam: 143.90mMaximum Depth of Reservoir : 214.76 mCapacity of the Reservoir: 8,700 M cum

Case Studies

Kalinadi Hydro Electric Project

Kalinadi Hydro Electric Project

• The Kali River or Kalinadi is a river flowing through Karwar, Uttara Kannada district Karnataka state in India.

• The river takes its birth at diggi in Western Ghats, a small village in Uttar Kannada district.

• The river is the lifeline to some 4 lakh people in the Uttara Kannada district.

• Supports livelihoods of tens of thousands of people including fishermen on the coast of Karwar.

• There are many dams built across this river for the generation of electricity.

• One of the important Dams build across Kali river is the Supa Dam in Ganeshgudi.

• The river extends to 184 kilometers before joining Arabian Sea.

KHEP Project Flow Chart

KHEP Project Flow Chart – Part 1

Supa Dam Power House

• Concrete Dam

• Dimensions: 101 Mtrs high and 332 Mtrs long concrete gravity dam is built across the Kalinadi river in Joida Taluk of Uttara Kannada District.

• Catchment area of 1057 Sq.Kms

• Gross Storage Capacity : 4178 M cum.

• Live Storage Capacity: 4115.2 M cum.

• Design Head: 72 m

• Design Discharge: 154 cumecs.

• Type turbine : Vertical Francis : 2 ×50MW

• Rated Speed : 200 rpm

KHEP Project Flow Chart – Part 2

Nagjhari Power House

• Takes water from Bommanahalli Pick up Dam :Concrete/masonry/earthen.

• Gross Storage Capacity : 97.25M cum.

• Live Storage Capacity: 83.9 M cum.

• Design Head: 347 m

• Design Discharge: 275.5 cumecs.

• Type turbine : Vertical Francis : 3 ×135 + 3 ×150 MW

• Rated Speed : 375 rpm

KHEP Project Flow Chart – Part 3

Kodasalli & Kadra Electric Projects

• Kodasalli Dam :Concrete/earthen.– Gross Storage Capacity : 286.49 cum.

– Live Storage Capacity: 198.82 cum.

– Design Head: 37 m

– Design Discharge: 369 cumecs.

– Type turbine : Vertical Kaplan : 3 ×40 MW

– Rated Speed : 166.67 rpm

• Kadra Dam :Concrete/earthen.– Gross Storage Capacity : 388.92 cum.

– Live Storage Capacity: 209.06 cum.

– Design Head: 32 m

– Design Discharge: 526.5 cumecs.

– Type turbine : Vertical Kaplan: 3×50 MW

– Rated Speed : 142.86 rpm

Case Studies

Sharavathi Hydro Electric Project

Sharavathi Catchment Area

Sharavati Project• The river Sharavathi originates at a height of 730m near

Ambuthirtha, in Shimoga district.• It flows in a north-west direction, in its long, 132-km journey.• The Sharavathi is joined by several tributaries.

• It traverses through hilly terrain and dense forests. • After a stretch of 80 km along its course, the river drops down a

steep mountain face of 293m – a visually delightful spectacle known as the Jog Falls..

• From this breathtaking leap, the river continues its journey till it flows into the Arabian Sea near Honnavar.

• The total catchment area of the river up to its confluence with the Arabian Sea is 2,774 sqkm.

• The basin receives a rainfall ranging between 5000-7500 mm.

• About 95% of the rainfall is received during the month of June to September

Jog Falls

Sharavathi Hydro Electric Project – Flow

Chart

Sharavati Project : Reservoir & Wheel

• The name of the reservoir and dam is Linganamakki.

• This is located 9.63 km upstream of Jog Falls.

• The catchment area for the dam is 1991.71km2

• Maximum (Average) discharge possible for Power Generation : 315 – 473 Cumecs.

• Techno-economically feasible discharge : 285 cumecs.

• The top of the dam is 1819 feet (554m) above sea level.

• The area of the dam is 300km2

• The storage capacity of the Reservoir is : 4,419.26 million cubic meters.

• Submerging 50.62 km² of wetland and 7 km² of dry land, the remaining being forest land and wasteland.[

Sharavati Generating Station

• Capacity:1035 MW.

• Head avaialabe: 443 m

• Specific Speed: 0.1231N

MORE ADAPTED TYPE OF TURBINE AS FUNCTION OF THE  SPECIFIC SPEED.

Specific Speed in r.p.m.

Turbine type Jump height in m

Until 18 Pelton of an injector 800

From 18 to 25 Pelton of an injector 800 to 400

From 26 to 35 Pelton of an injector 400 to 100

From 26 to 35 Pelton of two injectors 800 to 400

From 36 to 50 Pelton of two injectors 400 to 100

From 51 to 72 Pelton of four injectors 400 to 100

Final Acceptable design of Sharavati Project

• Total Available Capacity:1035 MW.

• Head availabe: 443 m

• Techno-economically viable capacity per unit: 103.5 MW

• Specific Speed: 0.01231N

• No. of Units : 10

• Final Selection: Vertical Pelton

Sharavathi Power Unit

Selection of Wheel: Four Jet Vertical Pelton : rpm 300

The Hindu News• Dated February 7, 1958: Sharavathi project • Mr. S.K. Patil, Union Minister for Power and Irrigation,

inaugurated on February 5 the Rs. 40-crore Sharavathi Hydro-Electric Project at Linganmakki, five miles from Gerosappa Falls.

• Mysore has been the pioneer in generating electricity, her first attempt at power generating dating to 1902. The Sharavathi project is the biggest step taken in the development of power in the State.

• The Union Minister paid a tribute to the skill and efficiency of Mysore engineers.

• The Chief Minister of Mysore Mr. S. Nijalingappa, who presided, said, “The hydro-electric potential of the river systems in the State is vast and it is estimated that it would be possible to generate as much as three million kW by harnessing the several rivers and streams."

Performance during the year 2009-2010

• Generation during the year was 26020 MU as against 25080 MU during the previous year.

• Turnover during the year was Rs.4397 crores as against Rs.4148 crores during the previous year, increase in energy sales in thermal and DG Plant.

• Profit before tax during the year was at Rs.711 crores as against Rs.392 crores during the previous year.