HydroGeophysics Group Dept. of geosciences University of ... · PDF fileDept. of geosciences University of Aarhus VERSION 2.2 ... Creating a new Workspace ... JUPITER database format

HydroGeophysics Group

AARHUS WORKBENCH

Dept. of geosciencesUniversity of Aarhus

VERSION 2.2

A-Z REFERENCE

1

Hydrogeophysics Group, University of Aarhus

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION (1) Aarhus Workbench (1.1).......................................................... 3

VISUALIZATION, A-Z REF-ERENCE (2) Bitmap image (2.1) ................................................................. 4

Borehole functionalities (2.2) ................................................... 5

Color scale (2.3) ...................................................................... 5Color scale from templateColor scale engineManual color scaleChanging an existing color scalePlot of color scale

Combined themes (2.4) .......................................................... 6

Coordinate systems (2.5)......................................................... 6Coordinate systems for the mapCoordinate system in GERDA and JUPITERCoordinate system at exportCoordinate system at import

Database query - DBQ (2.6) .................................................... 7DBQ from map - nodeDBQ from map - regular areaDBQ from map - irregular area

Data theme (2.7)..................................................................... 8

Exclusion of models from map (2.8) ........................................ 8

Export of maps and map layers (2.9) ....................................... 8Export of MapsExport of Map layers

External file (2.10) ................................................................... 9

Geophysical theme - General Layer Search (2.11) .................. 10

Geophysical theme - Low Resistivity Layer (2.12) ................... 10Hints

Geophysical theme - New Theme (2.13) ............................... 11Making a geophysical theme

GERDA-databases (2.14)........................................................ 11Create - Connect

2


Reconnect

GIS-themes (2.15) ................................................................. 11GIS-themes in MapInfo-formatGIS-themes in ArcView-formatChanging the appearance of the GIS-themeGIS-themes as templates

Gridding of data - Grid theme (2.16)..................................... 12KrigingInverse distance to a power

Help (2.17)............................................................................ 13

Map window (2.18)............................................................... 14Making a new map

Mean resistivity maps (2.19).................................................. 14

Moving a Workspace (2.20)................................................... 15

Opening a Workspace (2.21) ................................................. 15Creating a new WorkspaceOpen an existing Workspace

Point theme (2.22) ................................................................ 15

Profiles - display (2.23) .......................................................... 16Profile layersSeparate model/borehole barAxis setup

Profiles - general (2.24) ......................................................... 17

Profiles - position on the GIS map (2.25) ............................... 17Drawing on the GIS mapProfiles from xy-fileProfile from coordinatesProfile gridShifting an existing profile

Profiles - profile layers (2.26).................................................. 18Profile with modelsProfile with boreholesProfile section in a grid

Statistical theme (2.27).......................................................... 19Histogram SetupHistogram plotHistogram Model Filters

Workflow (2.28) .................................................................... 20

Workspace Manager (2.29) ................................................... 21

31. Introduction


1 INTRODUCTION This document contains help for the

graphical and visual functionalities in the Aarhus Workbench. The listed items are sorted alphabetically.

For help on import, processing and inversion of geophysical data we refer to specific documents for these issues found on www.gfs.au.dk (in danish) or on www.skyware.dk (in english)

1.1 AARHUS WORKBENCH The Aarhus Workbench is developed

by the HydroGeophysics Group at the University of Aarhus. A few items are developed by the private company SkyWare.dk. The program is a plat-form for presentation, processing, inversion and visualization of geophy-sical data.

The program is based on modules each handling their own part, i.e. GERDA database handling, import of data, data processing, data inversion and data presentation using thematic maps, sections, statistical analysis and so on.

42. Visualization, A-Z reference


2 VISUALIZATION, A-Z REFE-RENCE This chapter is thought as a reference

for the graphic functionalities in the Aarhus Workbench. The different sub-jects are listed alphabetically in main subjects with sub-sections to some of the larger subjects. The help-system in the Aarhus Workbench is extensive and can be accessed using F1.

The program is build around a Works-pace which is handled using the Work-space Manager. The Workspace Mana-ger gives you access to geophysical thematic maps, gridding, statistics and map-functions, as well as import, processing and inversion of data.

Thematic maps can be visualized on top of the map showing different background themes such as roads, buildings and streams, or just a topo-graphical pixel map. The map-hand-ling is a full-featured GIS-component giving access to all common GIS-Tools as found also in MapInfo or ArcView.

Data points can be toggled on and off and grids can be presented as point themes or colorized maps.

The geophysical models can also be visualized on user defined sections together with drill-hole information.

If you are new to the Aarhus Work-bench we suggest you start by rea-ding the Workflow paragraph (section 2.28), which will give you a quick overview of the program.

2.1 BITMAP IMAGE Bitmap image is the last step in produ-

cing a theme map. The Bitmap image window pops up automatically after interpolating theme values to a grid. If you want a Bitmap image of an existing grid you right-click on the grid-node in the Workspace Manager and select New Bitmap Image.

When creating a bitmap you have access to the following settings:1. Predefined colormaps can be

retrieved from the installation directory (typically c:\program files\hgg\Work-bench\lvl_colorscales). User-defi-ned colormaps can be made automatically or manually using the Edit menu giving access to the Color Scale Editor.

Workspace Manager.



2. The check-box Interpolate pixels enables additional interpolation between actual grid-node values to create a smoother image. If un-checked the actual grid is pixeli-zed.

3. To determine the resolution of the image you state Meters per pixel under Size/Resolution. This functio-nality is only active if Interpolate Pix-els is checked. If you change Meters per pixel, the Width in pixels and Height in pixels are updated accordingly.

4. Low quality imge (JPG) will save the picture in compressed JPG-format. If un-checked the picture is saved in BMP-format. Low quality imge (JPG) is recommendable with large areas (large number of pixels in the images).

The image is shown on the map when you click OK.

Several images can be made of the grid.

2.2 BOREHOLE FUNCTIONALITIES The borehole functionalities in the

Aarhus Workbench are based on the JUPITER database format for borehole information. This format is developed by the Geological Surveys of Den-mark and Greenland (GEUS) and is not used outside Denmark.

We are currently (medio 2007) work-ing on an ascii-file importer for bore-hole information to enable all general borehole functionalities for non-JUPI-TER users as well.

All borehole functionalities are descri-bed in the danish version of this manuscript.

2.3 COLOR SCALE The color scale is used for bitmaps,

point themes or section views of data or models. The color scale is part of the menu when creating sections or thematic maps.

COLOR SCALE FROM TEMPLATE• Under Color Scale click the [...] but-

ton and choose a predefined color scale. The Aarhus Workbench accepts Surfer- and MapInfo-for-matted color scales (lvl- and vcp-files).

• Check Smooth Colors to create smooth transitions between dis-cretely defined colors.

• Check Log Axis to distribute the values in the color scale logarith-mically. This only influences the appearance of the color scale, not the values itself.

COLOR SCALE ENGINETo produce a partly manual color-scale the Color Scale Engine is a helpful Tool.

1. Under Color Scale click Edit to open the Color Scale Editor.

2. Click Commands and choose Color Scale Engine to generate an auto-matic color scale.

3. Decide Min Value and Max Value of the color scale.

4. Select either Linear or Logarithmic, and Rainbow or Greyscale.

5. The new color scale can be saved as a template using Commands/Save.

MANUAL COLOR SCALE1. Under Color Scale click Edit to

access the Color Scale Editor.2. Add RGB-color codes and a Level-

value for this color. The resulting



color of the RGB-code is shown to the left under Color. Alternatively you can click on the color in the Color column and choose a color from the plate.

3. Right-click on the Level column to Add or Delete colors.

4. The new color scale can be saved as a template using Commands/Save.

CHANGING AN EXISTING COLOR SCALE• On sections/profiles the color

scale can be changed under Edit ColorScale, by right-clicking on the profile node.

• The color scale on a colorized map can not be changed. Instead, create a new image using a new color scale.

PLOT OF COLOR SCALEThe color scale can be shown by:

• Right-click on the node in que-stion in the Workspace Manager and choose Show Colorscale.

2.4 COMBINED THEMES When a DBQ is created and different

kinds of themes has been made on the background of the DBQ, it is possi-ble to make an combined theme. This joins two or more themes into one new node that hereafter can be hand-led as one theme.

1. Right-click the Map-node and choose New Combined Theme.

2. Mark the themes that is going to be combined (Ctrl+click) and spe-cify the type of the data that is going to be combined (numeric, strings, depth, etc.).

3. Press OK and a COM-node will appear in the Workspace Manager.

New combined themes are added to the map by right-clicking on the COM-node in the Workspace Manager or by right-clicking on the map-node.

2.5 COORDINATE SYSTEMS The Workbench can handle most

commen coordinate systems.

COORDINATE SYSTEMS FOR THE MAPThe map coordinate system is chosen when the map-node is created (see 2.18 "Map window"). All that is shown on the map, is hereafter con-verted to this coordinate system.

COORDINATE SYSTEM IN GERDA AND JUPITERThe coordinate system for the GERDA- and Jupiter databases is given in the actual database. This informa-tion, the Workbench gets by itself. The DBQ/BHQ-nodes gets their coordi-nate system from the GERDA/Jupiter databases.

Color Scale Engine.



COORDINATE SYSTEM AT EXPORTWhen a map is exported it is always in the coordinate system from the DBQ that is applied and not the coordinate system of the map. At export a file with the extension wic is made. In this file it is possible to see what coor-dinate system was used.

COORDINATE SYSTEM AT IMPORTWhen data from an external file (e.g. a shape file) is imported, a message will prompt requiring to specify the coordinate system. This will hereafter follow these data.

2.6 DATABASE QUERY - DBQ Database queries are the base of all

work with maps and sections in the Aarhus Workbench. Only the GERDA-databases and the map level is above the DBQ in the hierarchy.

A DBQuery retrieves data or models from the active database. The GERDA database does not need to be active after the database query has been made.

A DBQuery can be made by right-click-ing on the map-node or by using the DBQ-Tools from the Main Program Bar.

DBQ FROM MAP - NODE1. Activate the GERDA database that

you want to work with in the Workspace Manager.

2. Right-click the map-node to which you want to add a DBQ and select New DBQuery.

3. In the DBQuery-window you spe-cify:

• the data type that should be retrieved (TEM, CVES, HEM, MT, etc.).

• if you want models or datasets.4. To retrieve data from a sub-area,

corner-coordinates of a rectangle can be specified. If no coordinates are specified all data in the data-base are retrieved.

5. Click OK and give a name for the DBQ. A window will inform you that the program is working to retrieve the data. When the DBQ is done a node appears in the Work-space Manager.

6. Hit the check-box appearing next to the node to show the locations of the DBQ on the map.

DBQ FROM MAP - REGULAR AREA1. Click the DBQ-button on the GIS

Tools-menu.2. Drag the mouse to the selected

area and release the mouse but-ton. The DBQuery-window now appears with the corner-coordina-tes preselected.

3. Look under “DBQ from map - node” for an explanation of the settings.

DBQ FROM MAP - IRREGULAR AREAAn irregular UTM-area can be made using the Database selection (DBS) Tool. A DBS requires a DBQ.

1. Choose one of the select Tools from the Main Program Bar (Select

The DBQuery window.



Tool, Select radius Tool, Select rectan-gle Tool or Select polygon Tool).

2. Mark the data you want to work with.

3. Click DBS in the GIS Tools menu.

4. State a name for the DBS.5. A blue DBS-node appears in the

Workspace Manager with the retrie-ved data.

2.7 DATA THEME For certain data types it is possible to

make a theme on the measured data in the GERDA database.1. Right-click the DBQ-node and

choose New Theme...2. Select Measured Data and click OK.3. Select the appropriate Data Type

(e.g. HEM).

4. Under Theme Type you choose the relevant theme dependent on the selected Data Type.

5. Choose the Channel to retrieve.6. A Data Theme-node appears with

the retrieved data and the values can be visualized as usual.

2.8 EXCLUSION OF MODELS FROM MAP To exclude models do the following:

1. Show the DBQ, DBS or EXT-node in question. Check that the layer is Selectable (in the Layer Control) and remove other data-selections (or make them non-Selectable).

2. Mark the un-wanted points with the Select-arrow and click the [−] (minus) button in the Main Program Bar.

3. The color and display of un-wanted models can be controlled in the Edit Display menu, under the right-click menu of the DBQ-nodes.

4. To produce a theme-map without the un-wanted data, a new geop-hysical theme is produced as nor-mal.

The excluded models can be re-acti-vated with the [+] (plus) button in the Map Tools-menu.

2.9 EXPORT OF MAPS AND MAP LAYERS EXPORT OF MAPS

A map, as shown on the screen, can be exported either to a file or be sent to the printer, saved as a file or copied to the clipboard.

Copy to clipboard:

1. Select a map-window.2. Choose File/Copy Map.3. Enter the quality parameters of

the map to be copied in the win-dow that pops up.

4. Click OK.

Save to file:

1. Select a map-window.2. Choose File/Print and Save Map/Save

Map as.3. Enter the quality parameters of

the map to be copied in the win-dow that pops up.

4. Click OK.

Send to Printer:



1. Select a map-window.2. Choose File/Print and Save Map/Print

Map.3. Select to print the map either at

the screen size, or at a given sca-ling, e.g. 1:25000.

4. Click OK.The print and save functionalities are also accesible from the right-click menu on the Map-node.

EXPORT OF MAP LAYERSExport of bitmaps, grids, DBQ-positi-ons, etc. can be done by:

• Right-click on the node in que-stion in the Workspace Manager and choose Export...

The export functionalities cover:

• DBQ-node: DBQ-positions in Map-Info-format (tab-file) or ArcView-format (ESRI shp-file). Ascii-files are available by choosing either GeoSoft Inversion Model File or GeoEdi-tor Model File.

• Geophysical theme-node: The positions for the models in the theme can be exported in MapInfo-format, ArcView-format or an xyz-file including positions and theme values.

• Grid-node: The data in the grid in Sufer Grid-format or Vertical Mapper-grid format.

• Bitmap Images-node: Bitmap-image in MapInfo-format or geo-tiff.

The coordinate system of the exported data follow that of the map - see 2.5 "Coordinate systems".

2.10 EXTERNAL FILE In the Aarhus Workbench you can

load your own data from an ascii-file on the disk. Afterwards, these data can be treated and visualized similar to any DBQ. The ascii-files are column formatted with the X-and Y-coordina-tes in two of the columns.

1. Right-click on the Map-node and select New External File.

2. Navigate to the wanted file in the XYZ-file window.

3. Choose coordinate system under Geopgraphical Coordinate System.

4. In the Enter Additional Column Labels window, labels for the columns can be defined or changed if already defined in the file. The number of labels also defines the number columns to be imported, which means that columns not to be imported can be omitted just by deleting the header.

5. Click on Next to start the import and match columns with column headers.

6. Click Import and you will get an EXT-node in the Workspace Manager on the DBQ-level.

Import external file (xyz-file).



2.11 GEOPHYSICAL THEME - GENERAL LAYER SEARCH The General Layer Search is a versatile

functionality that can be used in many ways to search for specific details in the models. As an example we will use it to search for a low-resi-stivity layer similar to the search per-formed in “Geophysical theme - Low Resistivity Layer”:

1. Right-click the DBQ and select New Theme.../models (...).

2. Select General Layer Search in the drop-down menu Geophysical Theme Type.

3. Choose for instance Elevation Top of Layer as the parameter to retrieve.

4. Activate Layer Resistivity and state the interval to 0-10 Ωm to search for a low-resistivity layer less than 10 Ωm.

5. Activate Res. layer below and state the same interval as in 4.

6. Search from the top.7. Click Apply.

This is just one use of the General Layer Search, but several others can be defi-ned to fit almost any need.

2.12 GEOPHYSICAL THEME - LOW RESISTIVITY LAYER A map of a low resistivity layer can

produced like this:

1. Right-click the DBQ in the Work-space Manager and select New Theme.../1.Models(...).

2. Select Low Resisitivity Layer in the drop-down menu Geophysical Theme Type.

3. In the drop-down Property to Extract you select for instance Ele-vation Top of Layer (or any other property relating to the good con-ductor).

4. In Theme settings you define an upper resistivity limit for the good conductor in Max Layer Resistivity and the minimum resistivity of the layer above it (Min. res in layer above).

5. Click Apply and state a name for the geophysical theme. A new node appears under the DBQ-node in the Workspace Manager.

HINTS• Activate Min. Layer thickness to

avoid thin layers full-filling the cri-teria.

Valley structure on a map containing the elevation of a low-resistivty layer. Blue and green are the deeper areas.

Hierarchy for thematic maps.



2.13 GEOPHYSICAL THEME - NEW THEME Geophysical themes are presentations

of geophysical data and models. A number of different parameters can be extracted into a geophysical theme and be shown on the map as point themes, or the theme can be gridded and shown as a bitmap-pic-ture. Geophysical themes are made on the basis of a DBQ and are there-fore under the DBQ in the hierarchy. There can be made many different kinds of themes of the same DBQ.

MAKING A GEOPHYSICAL THEME1. Right-click on a DBQ-node in the

Workspace Manager and choose New Theme.... A window with the set-tings of the geophysical theme shows.

2. In the drop-down menu Geophysi-cal Theme Type a group of themes is shown, one is selected. Press Help (F1) to get an introduction to the theme and settings.

See 2.12 "Geophysical theme - Low Resistivity Layer" and 2.19 "Mean resi-stivity maps" for an explanation of the settings in these two themes.

2.14 GERDA-DATABASES CREATE - CONNECT

GERDA-databases has their own node in the Workspace Manager. Here is the possibility of either making a new GERDA-database and import data into that, or connect to an existing GERDA-database. Data is extracted with a DBQ. A GERDA-database is created/conneted by right-clicking on the GERDA node.

Only one GERDA-database can be active at a time. The database is acti-vated by clicking the marker beside the database. Data can only be imported to the active database.

When a DBQ is made from the GERDA-database, it does not need to be active for further work.

RECONNECTThe position of the GERDA- and Jupi-ter-databases on the disk is linked through a path. If the Workspace, or database is moved, the program will at start up prompt, that it can not find the database and the link will be removed from the Workspace.

To get the functionalities back the connection to the databases has to be recreated. This is done in two steps:1. Connect to the database as descri-

bed above in "Create - Connect".2. Activate the database and mark

the matching DBQ-node (or BHQ). Choose Map\Reconnect Query to Data-base.

3. Repeat 2.) for all DBQ/BHQ’s.

The contents of a database can be bigger at a reconnect.

2.15 GIS-THEMES GIS background themes, e.g. roads,

forests, streams and buildings, can be added to the maps in the Workbench.

GIS-THEMES IN MAPINFO-FOR-MAT1. Right-click on the map window.2. Choose Layer Control



3. Press Add... and point to the file. Hold down Ctrl to mark multiple files.

GIS-THEMES IN ARCVIEW-FOR-MAT1. Mark the map where the shp-file

is added.2. Go to File/Map/Open Shape File...3. Choose a shp-fil and press Ok.

The imported shp-files is converted to mapinfo format and put in the map folder under the Workspace.

CHANGING THE APPEARANCE OF THE GIS-THEME1. Right-click on the map.2. Choose Layer Control.3. Find and mark the theme in the

list.4. Press Display...5. Mark Override Style.6. Press the large button on the right

beside Override Style.7. Choose the desired appearance

and press Ok.

GIS-THEMES AS TEMPLATESA Map Template is a template of GIS-themes (roads, forests, ect.) that is often used. Instead of opening the GIS-themes one by one from the Layer Control, it is possible to save in a Map Template. Here info about which GIS themes are to be loaded along with their display settings are stored.

Saving and opening GIS-themes as templates, is done as follows:

1. Activate the map for which a tem-plate is wished to be saved or opened.

2. Choose File/Map/Save Template or File/Map/Open Template.

2.16 GRIDDING OF DATA - GRID THEME A geophysical theme can either be

shown on the map as a point theme or as a colorized map by gridding the data. By gridding, the data at irregu-lar points are converted to data in a regular grid. This can be done in many ways.

The grid is made as follows:

1. Mark and right-click the theme that is to be gridded and choose Grid Theme... to open the Grid Theme-window.

2. Search radius ect. is defined in the Search tab-sheet.

3. In the Grid tab-sheet, e.g. the distance between nodes is set. The proportion of search radius/node distance should be between 3 to 8.

• The higher the search radius and node distance, the more smoothened theme map will appear.

• Search Radius should reflect the sensitivity for the given datatype and data density.

4. Under the Interpolation tab-sheet the interpolation method is cho-sen (Kriging or Inverse Distance to a Power). See below for explanation of these two interpolation met-hods.

Area around Aarhus.



5. Under the Additional tab-sheet the possibilities are:

• Average: If models with same coor-dinates is to be averaged into one model before gridding.

• Log transform if gridding is to be performed on the logarithmic to data. This is used if data is resistivi-ties or mean resistivities.

• Zero: Sets how close two models can be to each other before they are regarded as one model. This is a value that should be set to the default value, i.e.1.0e-10.

6. Press OK to get to the bitmap win-dow. Here the visualization of the grid is set up: resolution, color-scale ect. See 2.1 "Bitmap image" and 2.3 "Color scale" for an expla-nation of these topics.

KRIGING The dependency of distance bet-ween two data points (correlation) is estimated from data by using kriging. As default a linear variogram with a slope equal to 1 is used (like in Sur-fer). To fit the actual variogram the following must be done:

• Select Manual Variogram Fit. Press Edit to open Variogram Editor. In the plot, a "accumulated depen-dency" is shown as a function of the distance between two points.

• Press Autofit a couple of times until the piecewise linear variogram fits data as good as possible.

• Add e.g. a nugget if the vario-gram is not to go through (0,0). This is done by pressing Add.

• Press OK to accept the variogram.

INVERSE DISTANCE TO A POWER• With inverse distance to a power

the data is weighed with 1/distance to the grid point, in a given power.

• If Power is set to1, data will be weighed linear with distance. If Power is set to 2, data is weighed with the square of the distance and so forth. This means that a larger power results in a relatively larger weight on data that is close to the grid point and vice versa.

• Calculation of the grid with inverse distance is considerably faster than with kriging.

2.17 HELP Under the Help menu is help for the

program and the many windows, menues and settings. By pressing F1 help for the activated window is obtained.

The variogram.

The help window.



2.18 MAP WINDOW The map window is an essential part

of the Workbench because all GIS functionalities are linked to it. GIS background themes, measuring points (from DBQ or EXT), theme maps and point themes are all visualized in the map window. What is shown on the map, is controlled with the check boxes in the Workspace Manager and with the Layer Control in the Main Pro-gram Bar menu.

The map window operates within a given coordinate system. All that is shown on the map is converted to this coordinate system if this is not the same. Therefore it is appropriate to choose the coordinate system in

which the main part of the data is given.

MAKING A NEW MAP1. Right-click the node Map Windows.2. Choose New Map...3. Name the new map.4. Choose coordinate system for the

map. The map will now appear as a node under Map Windows in the Workspace Manager.

5. Mark the check box by the map to show the map.

See 2.15 "GIS-themes" to add GIS-themes to the map.

2.19 MEAN RESISTIVITY MAPS Mean resistivity maps is an often used

way to present the geophysical models.

Mean resistivity maps are produced as follows:1. Right-click the DBQ-node that con-

tains the relevant models and choose New Theme....

2. For mean resistivity maps choose the type Interval Resistivity.

3. Here is the possibility to calculate either the vertical or the horizon-tal mean resistivity.

• Vertical mean resistivity is calcu-lated directly from the layer resi-stivities that is within the interval.

• Horizontal mean resistivity is cal-culated as the reciprocal to the mean conductivity. Layers of low resistivity will in this way be weig-hed higher in the horizontal mean resistivity.

4. State a Max. Resistivity for trunca-ting extreme layer resistivities that will otherwise influence the calcu-lation of the mean resisitivity. For TEM a useful value is 200 Ωm, for DC 1000 Ωm.

5. Choose Elevation or Depth depen-ding on whether the mean resisti-

vity is to calculated in elevation or depth intervals.

6. State a suitable Minimum-elevation or depth (depth is positive downwards).

7. Step Length gives the thickness of the elevation or depth intervals and Number of Steps is the number of intervals.

8. Press Apply and give a basis-name for the theme series. The program adds a prefix to the actual eleva-tion/depth interval by itself.

9. The themes now appear in the Workspace Manager - one for each interval. The intervals are specified in the names.

Workspace nodes.

Mean resistivity in elevation intervals.



10. The new themes can be shown on the map as point themes or as colorized maps. See 2.16 "Gridding of data - Grid theme" and 2.1 "Bitmap image"

for how to make colorized maps of the mean resistivity calculations or 2.22 "Point theme". for the point themes.

2.20 MOVING A WORKSPACE A Workspace can be moved or copied

without problems. The Workspace must be closed and the folder contai-ning the Workspace, maps, ect. is moved along. If the Workspace is moved to a place where there is no access to the background theme maps, or they are not located at the same position, they will be removed from the map when the Workspace is reopened. If the background theme maps are to be kept while moving or coping the Workspace, these have to be copied to the Workspace before-

hand. This is done in the following way:

• Choose File\Map\Copy Background Themes... and press Yes.

Be aware that some background theme maps can be very large or copyright protected.

If the GERDA-databases has a new position they must be reconnected - see section 2.14 "GERDA-databases".

2.21 OPENING A WORKSPACE CREATING A NEW WORKSPACE

All work in the Workbench is done in a Workspace. To create a new works-pace the following must be done:1. Press File/New Workspace...2. State a username so that the pro-

gram can remember your set-tings.

3. State the position of the Works-pace.

4. Specify if an Access or Interbase-database is wanted. Interbase gives the best performance.

5. Press OK and Workspace Manager opens.

Many of the programs most used functions can be accessed in the

right-click menu’s of the nodes in the Workspace Manager or in the according menu’s in the main program.

OPEN AN EXISTING WORKSPACE1. Go to File/Open Workspace.2. State a username. The username

is used to save and load the perso-nal settings in the program.

3. Find the folder where the Work-space is located. The file is called GGGWorkspace. gdb or GGGWork-space.mdb.

4. Press Ok and Workspace Manager, map windows etc. will open.

2.22 POINT THEME A geophysical theme can either be

shown as a point theme or gridded and shown as a colorized map. The point theme is made as follows:

1. Right-click on the geophysical theme that is going to used.

2. Choose Point Theme.3. Choose a suitable color scale.



4. Choose between presenting the point theme with Regions or Sym-bols. Regions has a fixed size in term of the scale of the map. Sym-bols has a fixed point size on the screen.

2.23 PROFILES - DISPLAY PROFILE LAYERS

The appearance of the separate pro-file layers one the profiles is controlled in the Model Display Properties-form. This form appears when layers are added to the profile. (see 2.26 "Profiles - profile layers") or by choosing Edit Display from the right-click menu on the profile node for the separate profile layers.

• Bar - here the width of the model or borehole bars is set in pixels. Depth/Elevation sets the y-axis for the profile layers as depth or ele-vation.

• Border - editing of the frame around the individual bars.

• Labels - decides the appearance and positioning of the three kinds of label types. The label type is decided under Type. The setting possibilities change according to which Type is selected. Title adds the sounding name/borehole id on each separate bar. Marks adds information about the separate layers in the model/borehole. Pro-jection Distance adds a label that states the distance from the sounding/borehole to the profile.

• Model - sets how the models bars are displayed. The termination of the bars can either be given as a factor times the thickness of the bottommost layer or as an abso-lute elevation.

• Lithology - if editing a profile layer with boreholes Model is replaced with Lithology which controls the specific settings for boreholes.

SEPARATE MODEL/BOREHOLE BARAppearance, labels, etc. can be edited for the separate model/borehole bars. This is done in the following order.

1. Mark the model/borehole bar on the profile that is going to be edited.

2. Choose Format/Object on the Main Program Bar or from the right-click menu on the bar.

3. See the above (“Profile layers”) for explanation of the setting possibi-lities in the tab-sheets in the Model display Properties-form. Notice that the title of the marked model/borehole can be changed in the tab-sheet Bar.

AXIS SETUPThe axis on the profile can be edited by choosing Format Top, Bottom, Left, or Right axis-button in the Chart Tools tab-sheet or by clicking the axises. The length of the axes can be changed by choosing Format Chart on the Chart Tools tab-sheet.

The point theme window.



2.24 PROFILES - GENERAL Showing a profile is an easy and

manageable way to present a vertical view through all the models, through gridded themes and boreholes.

The profiles can contain a random number of layers. In this way a num-ber of different profile presentations can be produced by combining diffe-

rent profile layers as described in 2.26 "Profiles - profile layers".

The position of the profile is chosen freely on the GIS map as described in 2.25 "Profiles - position on the GIS map". Likewise there is a number of possibilities to control the apperance of the profile as described in 2.23 "Profiles - display".

2.25 PROFILES - POSITION ON THE GIS MAP There is a number of possibilities for

positioning the profile on the GIS map. These possibilities are described in the following.

DRAWING ON THE GIS MAP1. Choose the profile Tool (Draw pro-

file on map) in the Main Program Bar menu.

2. Draw the wanted profile on the map that is in use. Left-click where the profile should start and click every time the profile should make a bend. Finish the profile with a double click.

3. Name the profile, after which a PRO node and a sub-node with the profile name will appear in the Workspace Manager.

PROFILES FROM XY-FILE1. Right-click on the map-node or

the PRO-node and choose New Pro-file.

2. Choose From File under Coordinate Input Type.

3. Point at a coordinate file (*.prf). An example of a coordinate file is shown to the left. In this example four profiles are defined.

4. Press Apply and state a profile name.

5. Choose whether to copy profile layers from other profiles.

6. Choose which profile is going to be used as the master profile on the form Select Master Profile.

PROFILE FROM COORDINATES1. Right-click on the Profiles-node

and choose New Profile From Mas-ter...

2. Choose Coordinates under Coordi-nate Input Type.

3. Give start and end coordinates for the profile.

4. Press Apply and state a profile name.

5. Choose whether a profile layer is going to be copied from another profile.

6. Choose which profile that is going to be used as the master profile on the form Select Master Profile.

PROFILE GRID1. Right-click on the map-node and

choose New Profile then choose Fence Grid under Coordinate Input Type.Or fence the area where the pro-file grid is going to be on the GIS-map with the Select area for profile grid Tool from the Main Program Bar menu.

2. At Lines By Number the number of profile lines within the area is stated. At Lines By Samplings the distance between the profile linies is stated.

3. Press Apply and give a profile name.

4. Choose whether profile layers are to be copied from another profile.

Profile UTM-X UTM-Y p1 534013 6183358 p1 534003 6183424 p1 534005 6183506 p1 533729 6184385 p1 533726 6184258 2X 533678 6183372 2X 533475 6183970 3X 533377 6184259 3X 533372 6184339 3X 533417 6184399 121 534816 6183842 121 534722 6183788

Example of a profile coordinate file (*.prf).



5. Choose which profile is going to be used as the master profile on the form Select Master Profile.

SHIFTING AN EXISTING PROFILE1. Right-click on the profile-node

that is going to be shifted and copied and choose Copy and Shift profile.

2. In Steps state the number of pro-file copied or times shifted. Shift in X and Shift in Y gives the x- and y-shift in meters for each single pro-file shift.

2.26 PROFILES - PROFILE LAYERS The Workbench contains three profile

types:• Profile with models as bars.• Profile with boreholes.• Profile with a vertical view

through a gridded theme shown as a contoured profile (typical for mean resistivity maps) or as a curve.

All three profile types can be combi-ned in the same profile window.

PROFILE WITH MODELS1. Right-click on the profile name

and choose Add DBQ. In this way models that are on the profile is extracted.

2. Choose the DBQ from which the data is going to be extracted. By marking Visible on Map only checked DBQ’s are visible on the map. If All is selected, all data from all the DBQ’s under the map are shown.

3. State a Search Distance. Models within this distance are projected onto the profile.

4. Show the profile as Colorized Bars.

5. Press the Display-button to see more settings for the plot (the set-tings are described in section 2.23 "Profiles - display").

6. Press OK to accept the profile set-tings and enter a name it.

7. Mark the check box under the profile-node to see the profile.

PROFILE WITH BOREHOLES1. Right-click on the profile name

and choose Add BHQ. 2. Choose the BHQ from which

extraction is to be made. By mar-king Visible on Map only the BHQ’s visible on the map are shown. If All is chosen all BHQ’s under the map-node are shown.

The new profile window. Shifting a profile.

Profile settings.



3. Enter a Search Distance. Boreholes within this distance are projected onto the profile.

4. Press OK to accept the profile set-tings and enter a name for the profile.

5. Mark the check box under the profile-node to see the profile.

PROFILE SECTION IN A GRID1. Right-click on the profile-node

and choose Add Grid(s).2. It is possible to choose between

the grids in the Workspace. Multi-ple grid can be chosen by holding Ctrl down. If more than one mean resistivity grid is chosen, they can

be shown as contoured profiles. If only one grid is chosen, it will be plotted as a line on the profile.

3. Press Display for more settings.

2.27 STATISTICAL THEME The Workbench can make statistical

operations on the models in a DBQ. The making of a statistical theme has three steps:

1. The Histogram Setup.2. The Histogram Plot-window.3. The Histrogram Model Filter-window.

Point 1 defines the selection parame-ter, point 2 sets the search criteria. These can be modified in point 3 which also defines the output-para-meter.

HISTOGRAM SETUP1. Right-click on the DBQ-node and

choose New Theme... thereafter Mod-els - statistics.

2. Under Theme Type, Layer Properties or Interval Properties can be chosen.

3. Property states the parameter on which statistics are going to be made. Thickness and Resistivity can be choosen for Layer Properties, while Vertical Resistivity and Horizon-tal Resistivity can be chosen for Interval Properties.

4. Finally a layer is chosen for Layer Properties or a given interval for Interval Properties.

Now the parameter selection is defi-ned. From here a plot of the histo-gram can be made directly by using the default settings by clicking Apply. It is however a good idea to set the different settings in Commands:

1. Open as New Plot states if the existing plot window is to be overwritten or a new window is to be created.

2. Data Statistics gives a short over-view of the min and max values of the selected parameter. Also the number of points in the selection is given.

3. Histogram Settings controls the set-tings for the histogram plot:

• Number of Bins is the number of intervals in which the histogram is divided. More bins gives a more smooth result, while less bins gives a more rough result.

• Minimum and Maximum states the interval which is to be divided into smaller intervals. Values outside the minimum and maximum value is ascribed to the first and last interval respectively.

• Linear/Logarithmic states if the para-meter is going to sampled loga-rithmic or as they are (Linear).

Profile with three layers; models and a section through two grids.

Statistical themes.



Hint: A reasonable settings for the histogram plot is 1-1000 for min max with 30 bins. If the histogram shows resistivities it is a good idea to choose a logarithmic scale.

HISTOGRAM PLOTOn the histogram plot the two curves shows:

1. The red is the histogram sampled in the given number of bins. The Y-axes for the red curve is by default on the left side.

2. The blue curve is the accumulated histogram with the y-axises on the right side.

The green curves can be used to make the readings of the curves more easy. Under min og max in the top right corner the values for the green lines can be specified.

Under the min and max values two field states the mean value for all the numbers in the selection and the standard deviation of the numbers.

In the lowest left corner of the plot the coordinates of the mouse position is given.

HISTOGRAM MODEL FILTERS• Press OK or Apply and the Histogram

Model Filter window will be opened with chosen values inserted. If e.g. the resistivity is chosen as the parameter, this field will automati-cally be checked in the Histogram Model Filter window.

• Mark the wanted filters. The filter removes all the models with values that are outside the min-max values. If both filters are mar-ked active, both the resistivity and thickness will be filtered in the extraction.

• Under Property to Extract state the parameter that is going to be extracted. If e.g. the second layer resistivity is chosen as the parame-ter, then all parameters associated to this layer can be extracted for the theme.

• Press OK and Workbench prompts for a name for the statistical theme. After this a node is shown in the Workspace Manager and the theme can be gridded and visuali-zed in the usual manners.

2.28 WORKFLOW A typical workflow in the Aarhus

Workbench from opening a Works-pace to the final thematic maps looks like this:

1. Open a Workspace - either a new one or an existing one.

2. Open a new map.3. Read in GIS-themes (roads, buil-

dings,background bitmaps, etc.) either from a Map template or directly from the Layer Control.

4. Activate a GERDA database either by connecting to an existing data-base or make a new one and import data to it.

5. Make a database query (DBQ) to extract the geophysical models, possibly filtered by data type, area etc.

6. Make a New theme based on models or data (mean resistivity, depth to conductor, value of channel 2, etc.).

7. Make a Point theme or Grid theme.8. Make an interpolated bitmap

image of the grid to visualize the grid values on the map.

9. Use the Profile Tools to display custom sections for data display.



2.29 WORKSPACE MANAGER The Workspace Manager is the backbone

in the Workbench. It is an arranged list of all the main and sub-branches, e.g. GERDA-databases and maps. In the Workspace Mananger most of the functionalities in the program can be accessed.

The most essentiel part of the Work-space Manager is the Workspace Explorer. That is a visualization of the Works-pace branches. There are two nodes in the main branch. That is:

1. Under the GERDA node the linked databases and model databases are found. They contain the data and models that are used for further work in the Workbench. Existing GERDA-databases are opened from the right-click menu on the GERDA-node. In the same way from the right-click menu a new and empty GERDA-database can be made by choosing New database.... In the new database PACES, CVES or TEM-data can be imported. Several GERDA-databa-ses can be opened but only one can be active. All database opera-tions, e.g. DBQ’s or data import, is done on the active database. The marked database is active.

2. Under the Maps-node all the maps created in the Workspace can be found. The maps are normally where most of the daily work with the Workbench is done; extrac-tion and visualization of models and data. Before an extraction of

data and models can be made, a map must be created. A new map is created using the right-click menu on the Map-node. The pro-gram prompts for a unique name. Subbranches to a map window will be a DBQ. A DBQ is in this way always connected to a map.

Below the Workspace Explorer there is a field for notes. Here the user can write notes to every single node in the Workspace. By double clicking the note field the Note Information will open. This contains information about who wrote the note and when it has been written. In the status bar at the bottom of the Workspace Man-ager, the username and date of crea-tion for the marked note is stated.

Tree structure for geophysical theme maps.

Documents

HydroGeophysics Group Dept. of geosciences University of ... · PDF fileDept. of geosciences University of Aarhus VERSION 2.2 ... Creating a new Workspace ... JUPITER database format