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Hydrocarbons.doc
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Saturated HydrocarbonsAlkanes(or paraffins); A series of hydrocarbons, which contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
CnH2n+2Melting and Boiling points of the Alkanes
Name Molecular formula Mpt oC Bpt oC Alkyl groupMethane(g) CH4(g) -182 -160 CH4- methyl
Ethane(g) C2H6(g) -183.2 -88 C2H5- ethyl
Propane(g) C3H8(g) -188 -41 C3H7- propyl
Butane(g) C4H10(g) -135 +0.8 C4H9- butyl
2-methyl propane(g) C4H10(g) -159 -11 C4H9- butyl
Pentane(l) C5H12(i) -129 38 C5H11- pentyl
UnSaturated HydrocarbonsAlkenes; (or olefins); Hydrocarbon that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond in their molecule.
CnH2nMelting and Boiling points of the Alkanes
Name Molecular formula Mpt oC Bpt oC Ethene(g) C2H4(g) -183.2 -88
Propene(g) C3H6(g) -188 -41
Butene(g) C4H8(g) -135 +0.8
2-butene(g) C4H8(g) -159 -11
2-methyl propene(g) C4H8(g) -129 +38
Hydrocarbons; Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen. The saturated
hydrocarbons are classified as alkanes. Unsaturated hydrocarbon include the
alkenes and alkynes.
C1 to C4 hydrocarbons are gases, C5 to C16 hydrocarbons are liquids, C17 onwards
hydrocarbons are waxy solids, the others are solids.
Hemantha Welihena