HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY

CHE 351 PRESENTATION 1 of 2By

RAIYAN ABDULNASIR

Future energy includes:

Bio-fuel

Methane

Nuclear FusionSolar Energy

WindGeothermal

Natural Gas

Fuel Cells???

•Might Be The More Convenient????

• A way to reduce the cost of production: factors of production..

• huge amount of energy from very little input …. Efficiency???

• Environmentally friendly energy with absolute zero emission

• To provide cheap energy source to better our lives.

• Economic cost, output, and safety hazard.

• Main aim is to solve the problem green house

effect such as the global warming…….

• CO2, H2S, CO O3 sea level…..

P l e a s e h e l p m e … … …

Wait.. wait.. W

ait.. can turbine be used????

•Wind turbine

•geothermal turbine

•hydroelectric turbine

•tidal turbine

•wave turbine

Wind turbine

Solar panel……

• Yessss…..• Solar too expensive and the

maintenance also

• Wind power turbine is the most convenient.

Almost 0.0% Carbon emission

Extremely Highly Economical

Environmentally friendly

Ecologically pleasant

Minimal safety hazard

Highly efficient

• So how do wind turbines make electricity?

•works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using

electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines

use wind to make electricity.

Working principle of a simple wind turbine

To l a r g e s c a l e

• Wind is free(how). In an isolated areas.• large and small scale …..• both onshore and offshore.

Energy generation

• 10 miles per hour to generate electricity.• 50 to 300 kilowatts of electricity each.• You can light ten 100 watt light bulbs with

1,000 watts. So, a 300 kilowatt (300,000 watts) wind turbine could light up 3,000 light bulbs that use 100 watts.

• This might help………………• P=IV

• A typical 10 kilowatt home wind turbine system will cost 4,000,000 to install.

• it will produce between 10,000 to 18,000 kilowatt/hours (kWh) per year.

• 18,000,000watts=180,000bulbs• 18,000,000bulbs= 40 million• 180,000,000=400million

Wait…………………. Any side effects????????????

• Noisy rotation• Slow wind effect

• Large area required

• Efficiency

Up Coming Next• World Statistics

• World Wind Turbine Usage

• Recent researches on wind

energy• Maintenance and development

• Nigeria and the wind turbine

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!!!

• The electricity generated then travels down large cables from the nacelle, through the tower, and into an underground cable. At wind farms, cables from different turbines take the electricity generated to a substation. Here, a step-up transformer again increases the electrical output.

• A transmission line connects the electricity output at the substation to the electrical grid serving communities throughout the region.

• Wind turbines are in use in Spain on a large scale and in March 2011 wind power was responsible for 21% of the electricity which was generated in the country.

• There are 130 wind farms in the Andalucia region alone. A domestic wind turbine requires very little room and can be installed relatively easily, although many domestic users in Spain are put off by the appearance of the turbine. Another concern is the noise that comes from the turbine. Again, there are grants available to help but these are limited and there are qualifying criteria.

• Although wind produces only about 1.5% of worldwide electricity use, it is growing rapidly, having doubled in the three years between 2005 and 2008. In several countries it has achieved relatively high levels of penetration, accounting for approximately 19% of electricity production in Denmark, 11% in Spain and Portugal, and 7% in Germany and the Republic of Ireland in 2008. Wind energy has historically been used directly to propel sailing ships or converted into mechanical energy for pumping water or grinding grain, but the principal application of wind power today is the generation of electricity.

• As of 2008, Europe leads the world in development of offshore wind power, due to strong wind resources and shallow water in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, and limitations on suitable locations on land due to dense populations and existing developments. Denmark installed the first offshore wind farms, and for years was the world leader in offshore wind power until the United Kingdom gained the lead in October, 2008. Other large markets for wind power, including the United States and China focused first on developing their on-land wind resources where construction costs are lower (such as in the Great Plains of the U.S., and the similarly wind-swept steppes of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia in China), but population centers along coastlines in many parts of the world are close to offshore wind resources, which would reduce transmission costs.

• So how do wind turbines make electricity? Simply stated, a wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity.

• Ramp Control: Today, when wind speed increases quickly, the grid cannot always absorb the extra wind power produced. GE’s Ramp Control App allows the brilliant turbine to capture “wasted” wind power and store it in the battery, meaning operators can capture revenue previously left on the table through wind energy storage.

• Predictable Power: Power producers must be able to provide consistent and predictable power to the grid, but the variability of wind can make smooth grid integration challenging. The Predictable Power App smooths out the short term peaks and valleys in wind power and make it predictable over periods of 15 to 60 minutes.

• Frequency Regulation: Power demand changes throughout the day and grid operators must keep up with its constant fluctuation. The Frequency Regulation App allows wind farms to store energy in the battery and respond immediately to load changes with ultimate precision.

Wind speeds typically must be sustained and at least 10 miles per hour to turn larger turbines fast enough to generate electricity. The turbines usually produce about 50 to 300 kilowatts of electricity each. A kilowatt is 1,000 watts (kilo means 1,000). You can light ten 100 watt light bulbs with 1,000 watts. So, a 300 kilowatt (300,000 watts) wind turbine could light up 3,000 light bulbs that use 100 watts.

• The smaller turbines today are fairly efficient, producing electricity in winds as low as 7 to 10 mph. They are also fairly quiet. The wind system usually generates power at the same voltage that your home uses, so the turbine can be wired directly to the home or business' electrical system like an appliance.

• When the wind is blowing, the turbine provides power for the home. When it is not blowing, the utility company provides the power. Sometimes both sources provide power for the home. If your home is using less electricity than what the wind turbine is making, your electrical meter may actually "turn backwards." This is called "net metering."