HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND CAVITATION

VOLUME I

HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND CAVITATION

Proceedings of the XVIII JAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Cavitation

WIR r-v e rv .AJRH

VOLUMEI

Edited by

E. CABRERA, V. ESPERT and F. MARTfNEZ Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain

Polytechnic Universi1y of Valencia Hydraulic and Environmental Eng. Dept.

FLUID MECHANICS GROUP

Co-sponsors:

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••••pUbfic .. II IBERDROLA

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

REE RED ELECTRICA

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-94-010-9387-3 ISBN 978-94-010-9385-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-9385-9

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All Rights Reserved © 1996 bySpringer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface Foreword

INVITED LECTURES

VOLUME I

The hydroelectricity in the world-Present and future. Brekke, H.

Analysis of transients caused by hydraulic machinery. Chaudhry, M.H.

Some present trends in hydraulic machinery research. Fanelli, M.

Rapid prototyping of hydraulic machinery. Schilling R., Riede[, N., Bader, R., Ascherbrenner, T., Weber, Ch., Fernandez, A.

Fluid transients in flexible piping systems. A perspective on recent developments

Wiggert, D.C.

SYMPOSIUM CONTRffiUTIONS

GROUP 1 HYDRAULIC TURBINES. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

1. 1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS

A decision aid system for hydraulic power station refurbishment procedure.

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3

17

23

40

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Bellet, L., Parkinson, E. Avellan, F., Cousot, T., Laperrousaz, E. 71

A three dimensional spiral casing Navier-Stokes flow simulation. Bruttin, C.H., Kueny, J.L., Boyer, B., Heon, K,. Vu, T.C. and Parkinson, E. 81

Tip clearance flow in turbomachines- experimental flow analysis. Ciocan, G.D. and Kueny, J.L. 91

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Numerical prediction of hydraulic Iosses in the spiral casing of a Francis turbine.

Drtina, P. and Sebestyen, A. 101

Improvements of a graphical method for calculation of flow on a Pelton bucket.

Hana, M. 111 Flow behavior and performance of draft tubes for bulb turbines.

Kanemoto, T.,Uno, M., Nemoto, M., and Kashiwabara, T. 120

Performance analysis of draft tube for GAMM francis turbine. Kubota, T., Han, F., and Avellan, F. 130

ModeHing complex draft-tube flows using near-wall turbulence closures. Ventikos, Y., Sotiropoulos, F. and Patel, V.C. 140

1.2 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC MACillNERY

Fluid flow interactions in hydraulic machinery. Aschenbrenner, T., Riedel, N. and Schilling, R. 150

Numerical optirnization of high head pump-turbines Buchmaicher, H,. Quaschnowitz, B., Moser, W. and Klemm, D. 160

Numerical hill chart prediction by means of CFD stage simulation for a complete Francis turbine.

Keck, H. Drtina, P. and Siek, M. 170

Development of a new generation of high head pump-turbines, Guangzhou II.

Klemm, D., Jaeger, E.U., and Hauff, C. 180

Development of integrated CAE tools for design assessment and analysis of hydraulic turbines.

Masse, B,. Pastorel, H. and Magnan, R. 190

Design and analysis of a two stage pump turbine Mazzouji, F. , Francois, M. Hebrard, F., Houdeline, B. and Bazin, D. 200

Study of high speed and high head reversible pump-turbine Nakamura, T., Nishizawa, H., Yasuda, M., Suzuki, T. and Tanaka, H. 210

Analysis of the performance of a bulb turbine using 3-D viscous numerical techniques

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Qian, Y., Suzuki, R. and Arakawa, C. 220

Analysis of the inlet reverse flows in a pump turbine using 3-D viscous numerical techniques

Qian, Y., Suzuki, R. and Arakawa, C. 230

Importance of interaction between turbine components in flow field simulation

Riedelbauch, S,. Klemm, D. and Hauff, C. 238

From components to complete turbine numerical simulation Sabourin, M., Labrecque, Y. and de Henau, V. 248

Validation of a stage calculation in a Francis turbine Siek M., Casey, M. V. and Galpin, P.F. 257

Simulation of flow through Francis turbine by LES method Song, C.C.S., Xiangying, Ch., Ikohagi,T., Sato, 1., Shinmei, K. and Tani, K. 267

Simulation of flow through pump-turbine Song, C.C.S., Changsi, C., Ikohagi,T., Sato, 1., Shinmei, K. and Tani, K. 277

1.3 LOSS ANALYSIS AND SCALE EFFECTS

The scale effect in Kaplan turbines. New relationships for the calculation of scalable and non-scalable hydraulic Iosses and of the coefficient V.

Anton, I.M. 284

Analysis of Iosses in hydraulic turbines. Brekke, H. 294

Scaling-up head discharge characteristics from model to prototype. Couston, M. and Philibert, R. 304

Recent development of studies on scale effect !da, T., Kubota,T. , Kurokawa, 1. and Tanaka, H. 313

Prediction of scalable loss in Francis runners of different specific speed Kitahora, T., 1urokawa, 1., Matumoto, M. and Suzuki, R. 323

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Scale effect of jet interference in multinozzle Pelton turbines Nakanishi, Y. and Kubota, T. 333

Further development of step-up formula considering surface roughness Nichtawitz, A. 342

Numerical simulations of jet in a Pelton turbine. Nonoshita, T. , Matsumoto, Y., Kubota,T. and Ohashi, H. 352

An assessment of the loss distribution in Francis turbines Suzuki, R., Qian, Y., Kitahora, T. and Kurokawa, J. 361

GROUP 2. HYDRAULIC PUMPS

Unsteady flow calculation in a centrifugal pump using a finite element method.

Bert, P.F., Combes, J.F. and Kueny, J.L. 371

Steady and unsteady flow pattem between stay and guide vanes in a pump-turbine

Ciocan, G., Kueny, J. L. and Mesquita, A.L.A. 381

Self-sustained oscillation of gas-liquid flow in a centrifugal pump with semi-open impeller

Kurokawa, J., Matsui, J., Takada, H. and Hirayama, T. 391

Measurements in the dynamic pressure fteld of the volute of a centrifugal pump

Parrondo, J.L., Fernandez, J., Santolaria, C. and Gonzalez, J. 401

Functional modelling of pump volute geometry Thackray, P.R. and James, R.D. 411

Analysis of flow measurements in the impeller and vaned diffuser of a centrifugal pump operating at part Ioad.

Toussaint, M. and Bureau, F. 419

Influence of the blade roughness on the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump. A viscous analysis

Undreiner, S. and Dueymes, E. 428

Improvement of performance of centrifugal pumps based on computational and theoretical methods and experimental design

Vinokurov, A.F., Volkov, A.V., Morgunov, G.M. and Pankratov, S.N. 438

Liquid-particulate two-phase flow in centrifugal impeller by turbulent simulation

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Wu, Y., Dai, 1., Mei, Z., Oba, S. and lkoagi, T. 445

GROUP 3. HYDRAULIC ELEMENTS. DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND HYDRAULIC BEHA VIOUR.

Application of the method of kinetic balance for flow passages forming. Benisek, M., Cantrak, S., lgnatovic, B. and Pokrajac, D. 455

Dynamics of large hydrogenerators. Brito, G.C., Weber, H.l. and Fuerst, A.G.A. 464

Instabilities in a flow-control valve. Cigada, A., Guadagnini, A. and Orsi, E. 474

Study of stayvane vibration by hydroelastic model. Deniau, J.L. 484

Study of dynamic behaviour of non-retum valves. Franrois, P. 494

Optimum hydraulic design of two-way inlet conduit of Wangyuhe pumping station

Linguang, L., Jiren, Z. and Rentian, Z. 504

Flow analysis for the intake of low-head hydro power plants Ruprecht, A., Maihofer, M. and Gode, E. 514

GROUP 4. CA VITATION AND SAND EROSION

Efficiency alteration of Francis turbines by travelling bubble cavitation. Arn, Ch., Dupont, Ph. and Avellan, F. 524

Cavitation erosion prediction on Francis turbines - Part 1. Measurements on the prototype.

Bourdon, P., Pfarhat, M., Simoneau, R., Pereira, F., Dupont, P., Avellan, F. and Dorey, I.M. 534

Determination of critical cavitation Iimit in the pressure control devices. Castorani, A., De Martino, G. and Fratino, U. 544

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Stability of air cavities in tip vortices. Crespo, A., Castro, F., Manuel, F. and Fruman, D.H. 554

Cavitation erosion prediction on Francis turbines - Part 3 Methodologies of prediction.

Dorey, J.M., Laperrousaz, E., Avellan, F., Dupont, P., Simoneau, R. and Bourdon, P. 564

Cavitation erosion prediction on Francis turbines - Part 2. Model test and flow analysis.

Dupont, P.H., Caron, J.F., Avellan, F., Bourdon, P., Lavigne, M., Farhat, M., Simoneau, R., Dorey, J.M., Archer, A., Laperrousaz, E. and Couston, M. 574

Impact of vapour production and cavity dynamics on the estimation of thermal effects in cavitation.

Fruman, D.H., Reboud, J.L. and Stutz, B. 584

Aireation versus cavitation in dam spillways: self-aeration and artificial aeration (aerators).

Gutierrez , R. 594

Leading edge cavitation in a centrifugal pump: Numerical predictions compared with model tests

Hirschi, R., Dupont, P.H., Avellan, F., Favre, J.N., Guelich, F., and Handloser, W. 604

The relation between erosion ripples on the wetted surface of hydraulic turbine and instability waves in the turbulent boundary layer

Huang, S. and Cheng, L. 614

Acoustic method and its applications on measuring and judging cavitation of hydraulic turbine.

Kehuang, L. and Chun, Y. 622

Numerical simulation for dilute sandy water flow in plane cascade Liu, X.B., Zeng, Q.C. and Zhang, L.D. 632

Review of research on abrasion and cavitation of silt-laden flows through hydraulic turbines in China

Mei, Z. and Wu, Y. 641

Effect of the leading edge design on sheet cavitation araund a blade section

Reboud, J.L., Rebattet, C. and More[, P. 651

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VOLUME II

GROUP 5. HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS RELATED WITH HYDRAULIC MACIDNERY AND PLANTS

Optimal closure of a valve for minimizing waterhammer. Abreu, J., Cabrera, E., Garcia-Serra, J. and L6pez, P.A. 661

Qualitative flow visualizations during fast start-up of centrifugal pumps. Barrand, J.P. and Picavet, A. 671

Analysis of a numerical model for the oscillatory properties of a Francis turbine group.

Cattanei, A., Capozza, A., and Molinaro, P. 681

Transients analysis and dynamic criteria for HPP exploatation Gajic, A., Pejovic, S., Krsmanovic, L.J. and Stojanovic, Z. 691

Modelling a protection device in a low pressure lifting system. Giustolisi, 0. and Mastrorilli, M. 701

Dynamic compression of entrapped air pockets by elastic water columns.

Guarga, R., Acosta, A. and Lorenzo, E. 710

Generalization of pump station boundary condition in hydraulic transient simulation.

Izquierdo, 1., Iglesias, P., Espert, V. and Fuertes, V. 720

Analysis of unsteady characteristics of flows through a centrifugal-pump impeller by an advanced vortex method.

Kamemoto, K., Kurasawa, H., Matsumoto, H. and Yokoi, Y. 729

Expert system for analysis of pumped storage schemes. Koelle, E., Andrade, J.G.P. and Luvizotto Jr., E. 739

Model-based analysis of active PID-control of transient flow in hydraulic networks.

Lauria, J.C. and Koelle, E. 749

Simulation of transients in pressurized hydraulic systems with visual tools.

Martinez, F., Izquierdo, J., Perez, R. and Vela, A. 759

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Dynamic behaviour of governing turbines sharing the same electrical grid

Nie/sen, T.K. 769

Prediction of natural frequencies in a hydro power plant supplying an electric network by itself having a known load type

Raabe,J. 779

Modelling and practical analysis of the transient overspeed effect of small Francis turbines.

Ramos, H. and Betamio, A. 789

Simulation of turbine governing in tinie domain. Stuksrud, D.B. 799

Parametrical modeHing of power characteristics of the Francis and Kaplan hydraulic turbines.

Tolea, M.F. and Kueny, J.L. 809

Unsteady frictions in pipelines. Vennatro, R. 819

GROUP 6. OSCILLATORY AND VIBRATION PROBLEMS IN HYDRAULIC MACIDNERY AND POWER STATIONS

Swirl flow in conical diffusers. Dahllumg, O.G. 827

Experimental investigation of vortex core in reverse swirl flow from Francis runner.

Furuie, Y., Mita, H. and Hosoi, Y. 835

Hydraulk oscillation analysis using the fluid-structure interaction model.

Gajic, A., Pejovic, S. and Stojanovic, Z. 845

Francis turbine surge: discussion and data base. Jacob, T. and Prenat, J.E. 855

Non-stationary flow in reversible Francis turbine runner due to wakes trailing the guide vanes.

Jernsletten, J. 865

The swirling inlet flow effects on the pressure recovery of a low head water turbine draft tube.

Kikuyama, K., Hasegawa, Y., Augusto, G., Nishibori, K.

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and Nakamura, S. 875

Two kinds of whirl on fixed-blade propeller type turbine. Leonard, F. 885

Seif-excited hydraulic oscillations dued of unstable valve behaviour. A case study.

Mateos, C., Perez-Andujar, T., Andreu, M. and Cabrera, E. 895

An experimental study on fins. Their role in control of the draft tube surging

Nishi, M., Wang, X.M., Yoshida, K., Takahashi, T. and Tsukamoto, T. 905,

Model for vortex rope dynamics in Francis turbine outlet. Pedrizzetti, G. and Angelico, G. 915

Vortices rotating in the vaneless space of a Kaplanturbine operating under off-cam high swirl flow conditions.

Pulpitel, L., Skotak, A. and Kontnik, J. 925

Experimental investigation of frequency characteristics of draft tube pressure pulsations for Francis turbines.

Qinghua, S. 935

On the Suppression of coupled liquid/pipe vibrations. Tijsseling, A.S. and Vardy, A.E. 945

Unsteady hydraulic force on an impeller due to rotor-stator interaction in a diffuser pump.

Tsukamoto, H., Uno, M., Qian, W., Teshima, T., Sakamoto, K., and Okamura, T. 955

Swirling flow with helical vortex core in a draft tube predicted by a vortex method.

Wang, X.M. and Nishi, M. 965

GROUP7. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS RELATED WITH HYDRAULIC MACIDNARY AND ITS APPLICA TIONS

Friction loss of rough wall passage in a turbomachinery Akaike, S. 975

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Redesign of sharp heel draft tube- Results from tests in model and prototype.

Dahlbäck, N. 985

Model and prototype draft tube pressure pulsations Kerkan V., Bajid, M. Djelic, V. Lipej, A. and Jost, D. 994

Fish bypass system impact upon turbine runner performance at Rocky Reach dam.

Lang, A. and Christman, B. 1004

LDV measurements in an impeller-generated turbulent jet developing in a new coflow.

Peterson, P., Larson, M and Jönsson, L. 1014

Inline radial force measurement of turbine runners Riener, J., Egger, A. and Schnur, G. 1024

Differenttypes and locations of part-load recirculations in centrifugal pumps found from LDV measurements.

Stoffel, B. and Weiss, K. 1034

Turbulent 3D flows near the impeller of a mixed-flow pump Wang, B. and Hellman, D.H. 1044

GROUP8 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE HYDRAULIC MACIDNERY

Overload in Kaplan turbines of Salto Grande hydropower complex. Baccino, M. and Bonecarrere, E. 1053

Full sized tests on a french main coolant pump under two-phase flow. Huchard, J.C., Bore, C. and Dueymes, E. 1063

Computersimulations of dynamic performance of 400 Mw adjustable speed pumped storage units.

Kita, E., Nakagawa, H., Kuwabara, T. and Haradß, M. 1073

Performance comparison of nuclear reactor recirculation pumps tested under large reynolds number difference

Saiki, K., lkura, T., Matsumoto, K., Komita, H., Kobayashi, M., Saito, T. and Tanaka, H. 1083

Performance of Candu heat transport pumps under two-phase flow conditions.

Samarasekera, H. and Kumar, A.N. 1093

Interdependence of draft tube and tailwater flow in bulb turbine power plants.

Schneider, C.H., Knapp, W. and Schilling, R.

Study of hydraulic transients using the bond graphs method. Tiago Filho, G.L.

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GROUP9. MONITORING, PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REFURBISHMENT.

Numerical flow analysis of a Kaplan turbine. lost, D., Lipej, A., Oberdßnk, K., Jamnik, M. and Velensek, B. 1123

18-Paths acoustic flowmeter and transducer protrusion. Levesque, J.-M., Neron, J. and Tran, C.M. 1133

Step-up in rehabilitation: not a myth, a science Mahe, B., de Henau, V. and Sabourin, M. 1142

Super system: a hydroelectric unit condition monitaring system in operation at Hydro-Quebec.

Mossoba, Y. 1152

Application of rotor response analysis to fault detection in hydro powerplants.

Nascimento, L.P. and Egusquiza, E. 1162

The placement exploration of diagnostic measuring points on operating unit equipment.

Liu, X.T. 1172

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

There are many and happy reasons for the XVIII Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery to be held in Valencia (Spain). But, without any kind of doubt the most important one can be given aproper noun: Micheie Fanelli. The start, November 1990. Professor Fanelli is looking for a place in Spain for the next meeting of the Work Group on "Hydraulic Transients with Water Column Separation" to be held in September 1991. Somebody suggests Valencia. And Professor Fanelli, who has heard about our U.D.M.F, makes a bid for it. It is the start of this XVIII Symposium. The Unidad Docente Mecanica de Fluidos will be, for ever, greatly indebted to Professor Fanelli, Miguel for his Spanish friends.

Secondly, we have to be very grateful to Prof. Brekke, to Prof. Schilling and to Dr. Dueymes for the impressive work they have done for the Symposium and for their wise advice given as members of the Executive Technical Committee. We have shared long but fruitful and pleasant meetings to prepare everything.

We cannot forget to mention, -and thank for their support-, our sponsors: Cedex, Iberdrola and Red Electrica de Espaiia, that from the very beginning envisioned the importance of hosting such an event would have for our country. We also have to give thanks to the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia for its unconditional support, basically embodied by our Rector and friend, Justo Nieto.

We must also acknowledge Kluwer Academic Publishers and especially their Publisher Petra van Steenbergen for her assistance, careful presentation and production of the book.

There is no doubt that the organization of an event like this Symposium is not possible without the contribution of a very important working group. So, last but not least, it is fair to underline the great dedication of the members of our U.D.M.F. Their work, -naturally inconspicuous but highly dedicated-, has been indispensable. Amongst them, those working full-time within the Group are:

Angeles Alvarez Miguel Andreu Vicent Espert Vicente Fuertes Antonio Gallardo Marta Garcia Jorge Garcia-Serra Francisco Garcia Pedro Iglesias

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Joaqufn Izquierdo P. Amparo L6pez Gonzalo L6pez Javier Martfnez Fernando Martfnez Rafael Perez Jose V. Ribelles Antonio F. Vela

On behalf of the Fluid Mechanics Group, Enrique Cabrera. Chairman of the XVIII IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Cavitation.

PREFACE

These proceedings include the papers presented at the 18th Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Cavitation held in Valencia- Spain from September 16- 19, 1996. The scope of the symposium covers a wide range of important hydraulic machinery problems. Following the first announcement more than 140 abstracts were submitted to the symposium and screened by the Technical Committee. 128 abstracts were accepted and 120 final papers were received and reviewed by the committee. In the end, 114 technical papers were accepted for inclusion in the proceedings. Together with 5 invited papers they were grouped in the following 9 sections:

1 Hydraulic Turbines, Analysis and Design. 2 Hydraulic Pumps 3 Hydraulic Elements. Dynamic Characterization and Hydraulic Behavior. 4 Cavitation and Sand Erosion. 5 Hydraulic Transients and Control Systems 6 Oscillation and Vibration Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Power Stations. 7 Experimental Investigations Related with Hydraulic Machinery and its Applications. 8 Practical Applications of the Hydraulic Machinery. 9 Monitoring, Predictive Maintenance and Refurbishment.

Compared with the last symposium held in Beijing, China 1994, the contributions in the field of numerical flow analysis and performance predictions have increased while the nurober of papers dealing with experimental investigations have decreased. The high Ievel reached in this field is demonstrated by various papers in which not only the real flow within an isolated component but also the interaction of the flow between rotor and stator of hydraulic machinery is considered thus yielding a more realistic performance prediction. Some technical papers deal with the simulation of the flow through the whole hydraulic machinery and one presents the first application of a Large-Eddy Simulation in a Francis turbine. Despite of this progress in CFD applications and turbulence modelling, highly accurate flow measurements are still indispensible; they are still needed for a better understanding of complex flow phenomena and testing of numerical models and hence for CFD software validation. Thus the experimental flow analysis remains an important section in the scope of this symposium. The 18. symposium was held at the Polytechnic University of Valencia and hosted by the Fluid Mechanics Group. I would like to thank the Local Organization Committee especially its Chairman, Prof. E. Cabrera, for having taken over the task to organize this symposium, the Technical Committees for their help making this conference a success and the sponsors: CEDEX, IBERDROLA, RED ELECTRICA de ESPANA for their kind support and cooperation. Finally, I express my sincere appreciation for the cooperation with Kluwer Publishers, Dordrecht - The Netherlands, in the preparation of the proceedings.

R. Schilling Chairman of the IAHR, Section on Hydraulic Machinery and Cavitation.

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FOREWORD

Water is for the future like food is for the human being. And so, even leaving out that food and humans are essentially water. Water is linked to the future like tears (that are sacred water) are linked to our eyes. Forthis reason, a civilized society devotes science, technology, resources and thinking to optimize and cherish, to rationalize and democratize water use, possibilities and circumstances. Thus, when a SYMPOSIUM ON HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND CAVITATION gathers around three hundred experts, scientists and professionals all around the world to debate and offer to the society the results of their research, experiences and endeavors, we have to be proud and grateful for the event.

It goes without saying that only the work of many allows this kind of events. But, Iet me personalize my congratulations and merit the Symposium success to the man-tree-of­water, Professor Cabrera. With steady, controlled and, at the same time, inconspicuous work, he achieves, like good sportsmen, the highest goals.

Justo Nieto Chancellor Valencia Polytechnic U niversity

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