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ELECTRICAL PROJECTS ABSTRACT

Wind-Solar Energy -hybrid power generation

SystemINTRODUCTION

Renewable energyis energy that comes from resources which are

continually replenished such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves andgeothermal

heat. About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewable

resources, with 10% of all energy from traditionalbiomass, mainly used for

heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy

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. New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal,

and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly.[1]The share

of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of electricity

coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables.

Wind power

Airflows can be used to run wind turbines. Modern utility-scale wind turbines

range from around 600 kW to 5 MW of rated power, although turbines with rated

output of 1.53 MW have become the most common for commercial use; the power

available from the wind is a function of the cube of the wind speed, so as wind

speed increases, power output increases dramatically up to the maximum output

for the particular turbine. Areas where winds are stronger and more constant,

such as offshore and high altitudesites, are preferred locations for wind farms.

Typicalcapacity factors are 20-40%, with values at the upper end of the range in

particularly favourable sites.

Solar energy

Solar energy applies energy from the sun in the form ofsolar radiationfor heat or

to generate electricity. Solar poweredelectricity generation uses either

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy#cite_note-ria21-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy#cite_note-ria21-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy#cite_note-ria21-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy#cite_note-ria21-1

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photovoltaics orheat engines (concentrated solar power).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics

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A partial list of other solar applications includes space heating and cooling

through solar architecture, daylighting, solar hot water, solar cooking, and hightemperature process heat for industrial purposes.

Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active

solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy.

Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal

collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a

building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light

dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hot_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cookinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cookinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hot_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylightinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_architecture

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Growing concerns of global warming, volatil ity of oil pri ce, vanishing

fossi l fuels, and energy secur ity have increased the publi c in terest in clean and

sustainable energy resour ces. Residential generation systems harnessing wind

and solar energy are seen as a potenti al answer to individual energy concerns.

The demonstration system consists of a 3W PV array mounted on the roof

of the bui lding and a 18W wind turbine on a handmade monopole tower

installed near the building as shown in Figure 1. The system is named WISE

to imply the benefi ts of combining wind and solar energy resources for

residential electri c generation.

I t also contains a microcontroll er to check the generated voltages and

availabili ty of power and switches the circui t accordingly to take power fr om the

system continuously.

The project model block diagram is given below

Block Diagram

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Solar & Wind(HYBRID POWER GENERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM)

Microcontroller

Pic16f877

Potential

Divider

Voltage

Dc to Dc

Convertor

Relay Driver

Wind (DC

12V/7Ah BatteryCFL Light

Pulse

Transformer

Mosfet

Relay

Solar Panel

LCD