HVACR316 - Piping Steel Piping 5/11/20151. 2 STEEL PIPING 1) Manufactured steel pipe application depends partially on the type of coating that is applied

HVACR316 - PipingHVACR316 - Piping

Steel PipingSteel Piping

04/18/2304/18/23 11

04/18/2304/18/23 22

STEEL PIPINGSTEEL PIPING

1) Manufactured steel pipe application 1) Manufactured steel pipe application depends partially on the type of coating depends partially on the type of coating that is applied (if any) when it comes from that is applied (if any) when it comes from the furnace, and weather or not it is the furnace, and weather or not it is threaded or bundled.threaded or bundled.

2) Pipes that come straight from the furnace 2) Pipes that come straight from the furnace and have no threads are dipped into an and have no threads are dipped into an inexpensive, varnish like material to help inexpensive, varnish like material to help prevent rust.prevent rust.

04/18/2304/18/23 33


3) This coating lasts a short time, pipe 3) This coating lasts a short time, pipe with this coating is called black steel with this coating is called black steel pipe (PE means plain end).pipe (PE means plain end).

4) The same pipe is also manufactured 4) The same pipe is also manufactured with both ends threaded, coated with with both ends threaded, coated with the same material and called black the same material and called black steel pipe (T&C means threaded with steel pipe (T&C means threaded with coupling).coupling).

04/18/2304/18/23 44


5) Another pipe category is black steel 5) Another pipe category is black steel pipe that has been hot-dipped pipe that has been hot-dipped galvanized.galvanized.

6) Steel pipe comes in lengths of 21 6) Steel pipe comes in lengths of 21 feet.feet.

A) Pipe that ranges from 1/8A) Pipe that ranges from 1/8”” to 12 to 12”” in in diameter is named by its inside diameter is named by its inside diameter (I.D.).diameter (I.D.).

04/18/2304/18/23 55


B) Pipe larger than 12 inches in B) Pipe larger than 12 inches in diameter is named by its diameter is named by its outside diameter (O.D.).outside diameter (O.D.).

7) Steel pipe has different 7) Steel pipe has different schedule numbers of pipe schedule numbers of pipe wall thickness established by wall thickness established by ANSI.ANSI.

04/18/2304/18/23 66


A) Wall thickness is called A) Wall thickness is called schedule and goes from 10 schedule and goes from 10 through 160.through 160.

B) The American National B) The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standards Institute (ANSI) established the pipe wall established the pipe wall thickness (schedule).thickness (schedule).

04/18/2304/18/23 77


1) Cutting and Joining Steel Piping1) Cutting and Joining Steel Piping

A) After the correct measurements have been A) After the correct measurements have been made on a pipe the next step is to cut the pipe.made on a pipe the next step is to cut the pipe.

B) After cutting the pipe the next step is to ream B) After cutting the pipe the next step is to ream the burr from the pipe.the burr from the pipe.

C) If a burr is left intact, it reduces the pipe C) If a burr is left intact, it reduces the pipe diameter, cause turbulence, and wear at the pipe diameter, cause turbulence, and wear at the pipe end due to the oscillating fluid.end due to the oscillating fluid.

04/18/2304/18/23 88


D) ANSI also sets the standards for threads and D) ANSI also sets the standards for threads and fittings.fittings.

1) The types are designated by combinations of 1) The types are designated by combinations of certain code letters.certain code letters.

2) NPT designates American Standard (national) 2) NPT designates American Standard (national) taper pipe threads, this is the most widely used taper pipe threads, this is the most widely used type.type.

04/18/2304/18/23 99


2) Fittings2) Fittings

A) Steel fittings are of the A) Steel fittings are of the ““malleablemalleable”” type.type.

B) Malleable (shapeable) is a form of B) Malleable (shapeable) is a form of iron used in the manufacture of iron used in the manufacture of fittings .fittings .

04/18/2304/18/23 1010


C) Malleable fittings are made of an iron C) Malleable fittings are made of an iron alloy that is easily shaped or machined for alloy that is easily shaped or machined for threading and tapping purposes.threading and tapping purposes.

1) Malleable fittings will not break easily.1) Malleable fittings will not break easily. 2) Malleable fittings will bend before they2) Malleable fittings will bend before they crack.crack. 3) They are cast with a bead on the edge 3) They are cast with a bead on the edge for better gripping with a pipe wrench.for better gripping with a pipe wrench.

04/18/2304/18/23 1111


D) When reading a tee;D) When reading a tee;

1) Read the straight through size.1) Read the straight through size.

2) Then the branch 2) Then the branch

3) If all openings are the same size, 3) If all openings are the same size, the tee is simply called by that size.the tee is simply called by that size.

04/18/2304/18/23 1212


3) Galvanic Action3) Galvanic Action

A) Galvanic action is a chemical reaction A) Galvanic action is a chemical reaction between two dissimilar metals (such as between two dissimilar metals (such as iron and copper) when the metals are iron and copper) when the metals are placed in a solution in which electron placed in a solution in which electron transfer can occur.transfer can occur.

B) If a copper male adaptor is screwed B) If a copper male adaptor is screwed into a female galvanized fitting, a reaction into a female galvanized fitting, a reaction occurs in the presence of fresh water.occurs in the presence of fresh water.

04/18/2304/18/23 1313


C) The copper and iron form a short circuited C) The copper and iron form a short circuited battery that eventually leads to corrosion battery that eventually leads to corrosion of the iron.of the iron.

D) Joining two dissimilar metals can be a D) Joining two dissimilar metals can be a problem.problem.

E) Reaction occurs only in the presence of a E) Reaction occurs only in the presence of a fresh water supply, and with two dissimilar fresh water supply, and with two dissimilar metals electrically connected together.metals electrically connected together.

04/18/2304/18/23 1414


4) Major Die Sizes4) Major Die Sizes

Sizes I.D. ThreadsSizes I.D. Threads Inches Per InchInches Per Inch 1/8 271/8 27 1/4 3/8 181/4 3/8 18 1/2 3/4 141/2 3/4 14 1, 1 ¼ , 1 ½ ,2 11 ½ 1, 1 ¼ , 1 ½ ,2 11 ½ 2 ½ or over 82 ½ or over 8

04/18/2304/18/23 1515


4) Types of Piping4) Types of Piping

A) Cast iron piping;A) Cast iron piping; 1) Is used for waste, and vent piping.1) Is used for waste, and vent piping.

B) Copper TubeB) Copper Tube 1) Copper tube has a wide range of uses.1) Copper tube has a wide range of uses.

04/18/2304/18/23 1616


C) Copper tube can be describe as C) Copper tube can be describe as follows;follows;

1) Type K – the heaviest wall tubing.1) Type K – the heaviest wall tubing. 2) Is available in hard drawn temper. 2) Is available in hard drawn temper. 3) Available in diameters from ¼3) Available in diameters from ¼”” to to

1212”” and in lengths up to 20 and in lengths up to 20’’.. 4) Its color code is a green stripe and 4) Its color code is a green stripe and

lettering.lettering.

04/18/2304/18/23 1717


D) Type L;D) Type L;

1) Medium thickness wall tubing.1) Medium thickness wall tubing.

2) Is available in the same configurations 2) Is available in the same configurations as Type K.as Type K.

3) Its color code is a blue stripe and 3) Its color code is a blue stripe and lettering.lettering.

04/18/2304/18/23 1818


E) Type M;E) Type M;

1) A thinner wall tubing.1) A thinner wall tubing.

2) Is available in hard temper only in 202) Is available in hard temper only in 20’’ lengths.lengths.

3) Its color code is a red stripe and 3) Its color code is a red stripe and lettering.lettering.

04/18/2304/18/23 1919


F) DWV tube;F) DWV tube;

1) Is the thinnest wall tubing.1) Is the thinnest wall tubing. 2) Is suitable for drain, waste, and 2) Is suitable for drain, waste, and

vent only.vent only. 3) Available in diameters of 1 ½3) Available in diameters of 1 ½”” to to

88””, and 20, and 20’’ lengths. lengths. 4) Its color code is yellow stripe and 4) Its color code is yellow stripe and

lettering.lettering.

04/18/2304/18/23 2020


G) ACR tubing;G) ACR tubing;

1) Is Type L tubing that is shipped from the 1) Is Type L tubing that is shipped from the factory already cleaned, and dried, and has factory already cleaned, and dried, and has sealed ends.sealed ends.

2) It is used for refrigeration or medical 2) It is used for refrigeration or medical gases.gases.

3) Available in 203) Available in 20’’ hard temper lengths, or hard temper lengths, or 5050’’ soft tempered lengths (roll). soft tempered lengths (roll).

04/18/2304/18/23 2121


1) PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)1) PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

A) PVC is a tough and highly chemical-A) PVC is a tough and highly chemical-resistant material.resistant material.

B) PVC is used in highly corrosive B) PVC is used in highly corrosive applications.applications.

C) Such as acids, alkalies, alcohols, salts, C) Such as acids, alkalies, alcohols, salts, and other chemicals.and other chemicals.

04/18/2304/18/23 2222


D) It is also used in oil lines, gas D) It is also used in oil lines, gas transmission, and salt water disposal transmission, and salt water disposal systems.systems.

E) PVC is impervious to sunlight E) PVC is impervious to sunlight deterioration.deterioration.

F) It will not spark when struck, and is F) It will not spark when struck, and is safe around explosives and flammable safe around explosives and flammable vapors.vapors.

04/18/2304/18/23 2323


G) The working strength is affected by G) The working strength is affected by temperature.temperature.

H) Therefore pressure ratings are decreased H) Therefore pressure ratings are decreased at higher temperatures.at higher temperatures.

I) PVC colors are ivory, grey, white.I) PVC colors are ivory, grey, white.

J) PVC is available in three pipe schedules J) PVC is available in three pipe schedules 40, 80, 120.40, 80, 120.

04/18/2304/18/23 2424


2) ABS (Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene)2) ABS (Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

A) Applications for ABS are similar to PVC.A) Applications for ABS are similar to PVC.

B) It is suitable for inorganic acids, salts, B) It is suitable for inorganic acids, salts, hydrocarbons, glycols, and some alcohols hydrocarbons, glycols, and some alcohols

C) It is also good for transportation of salt C) It is also good for transportation of salt water, crude oil, gas, and is used water, crude oil, gas, and is used extensively for sewage systems.extensively for sewage systems.

04/18/2304/18/23 2525


D) ABS has good chemical resistance, is D) ABS has good chemical resistance, is tough, and has excellent tensile tough, and has excellent tensile strength.strength.

E) ABS by nature is color ivory.E) ABS by nature is color ivory.

F) Carbon black is added to increase F) Carbon black is added to increase resistance to ultraviolet deterioration.resistance to ultraviolet deterioration.

04/18/2304/18/23 2626


4) PE (Polyethylene)4) PE (Polyethylene)

A) PE is produced under extremely high A) PE is produced under extremely high temperatures and pressures.temperatures and pressures.

B) It is preferred over other plastics for B) It is preferred over other plastics for high pressures, because of its burst high pressures, because of its burst strength and easy installation.strength and easy installation.

04/18/2304/18/23 2727


C) PE is made in clear form, carbon black dye C) PE is made in clear form, carbon black dye is added to improve resistance to sunlight.is added to improve resistance to sunlight.

D) It is usually sold in a coil form.D) It is usually sold in a coil form.

E) PE is used extensively for jet wells, water E) PE is used extensively for jet wells, water supply systems, and sprinkler systems.supply systems, and sprinkler systems.

F) Found to be well-suited for burial because F) Found to be well-suited for burial because of its high crush strength.of its high crush strength.

04/18/2304/18/23 2828


5) CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl 5) CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)Chloride)

A) CPVC is used in water distribution A) CPVC is used in water distribution

systems for hot and cold supplies.systems for hot and cold supplies.

B) Up to 100 pounds of maximum B) Up to 100 pounds of maximum working pressure at 180 degrees F.working pressure at 180 degrees F.

04/18/2304/18/23 2929


6) Copper6) Copper

A) Copper tubing for air-conditioning and A) Copper tubing for air-conditioning and refrigeration, (ACR) usually obtained in 50 refrigeration, (ACR) usually obtained in 50 or 60 ft. coils.or 60 ft. coils.

B) They are sealed at both ends and B) They are sealed at both ends and packaged in flat cardboard cartons.packaged in flat cardboard cartons.

C) ACR tubing is measured by its O.D. (1/8C) ACR tubing is measured by its O.D. (1/8”” 7/87/8””).).

04/18/2304/18/23 3030


D) Copper tubing is used in most household, D) Copper tubing is used in most household, and light commercial units.and light commercial units.

E) Because copper tubing is annealed (soft E) Because copper tubing is annealed (soft and bendable), copper tubing is easy to and bendable), copper tubing is easy to form in a tight radius using a bending tool.form in a tight radius using a bending tool.

F) Using this type of tubing there is F) Using this type of tubing there is flexibility, and may eliminate fittings which flexibility, and may eliminate fittings which could eliminate possible leaks when less could eliminate possible leaks when less fittings are used.fittings are used.

04/18/2304/18/23 3131


7) Copper Tube7) Copper Tube

A) Copper tube is a term for hard drawn A) Copper tube is a term for hard drawn copper.copper.

B) It is measured by its I.D.B) It is measured by its I.D.

C) Diameter size range from ½C) Diameter size range from ½”” to 12 to 12””. .

04/18/2304/18/23 3232


D) The different wall thicknesses is D) The different wall thicknesses is designated by;designated by;

E) A color stripe spelling out the E) A color stripe spelling out the manufacturer's name running down manufacturer's name running down the length of the tubethe length of the tube

F) Or the letters K,L, or M running F) Or the letters K,L, or M running down the length of the tube.down the length of the tube.

04/18/2304/18/23 3333


G) Copper tubing is termed as soft copper G) Copper tubing is termed as soft copper (annealed).(annealed).

H) Copper tube is referred to as hard copper H) Copper tube is referred to as hard copper (drawn).(drawn).

I) Annealed copper is measured by its O.D.I) Annealed copper is measured by its O.D.

J) Hard drawn copper tube is measured by J) Hard drawn copper tube is measured by its I.D.its I.D.

Documents

HVACR316 - Piping Steel Piping 5/11/20151. 2 STEEL PIPING 1) Manufactured steel pipe application depends partially on the type of coating that is applied