HVAC Technology in Energy Retrofitting - rehva.eu · R410A Azeotrop 2.72 0 2088 5-29 No Low R407C Zeotrope 1.86 0 1770 5-29 No Low R32 Single 2.80 0 675 5 Low (1) Low HFO1234ze Single

HVAC Technology in Energy Retrofitting

The Daikin Replacement VRV: VRV® III-Q

Daikin Altherma Flex type

Daikin’s view on next generation Refrigerants

REHVA Conference 2012 2

The only company manufacturing both:

refrigerant and equipment

special responsibility to provide

environmentally beneficial products to

mitigate global warming!(In)direct

expansion

86.6%

Chemicals

9.9%

Other

3.5%

Sales per

business

unit FY10

Turnover: 10.268 Mio €

Employees: 41.569

(FY2010 Consolidated)

Others

31%

Japan

36.3%

EMEA

23.8%

AC Sales

Result per

Region

FY10

America

8.9%


The Daikin Replacement VRV: VRV® III-Q Daikin Altherma Flex type



Retrofitting old VRF systems


= Opportunity for great energy savings

Why?

New refrigerants (e.g. R410A) offer superior thermodynamic

performance new refrigerants are inherently more efficient

New technologies (e.g. latest generation of inverter technology) offer

further improvements in energy efficiency compared to old

systems

Many opportunities – there are over 80 000 R22 VRV systems

operating in Europe from Daikin alone!

Legislative need – virgin R22 not available since January 2010 +

full ban on use of R22 from January 2015

4



Retrofitting old VRF systems? How?

Previously, only two options available:

Drop-in refrigerants?

Replace the whole system, including piping, with a new one?

5







Tests show drop in performance – lower efficiency, lower capacity

Operating costs increase, capacity may be insufficient, reliability

questionableRetrofit with R-427A (Forane FX100) RXD35DVMA + FTXD35DVMA

Power Input [kW]

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Cooling Heating

R-22 R-427ACapacity [kW]

0

1

2

3

4

5

Cooling Heating

R-22 R-427A

-26% +23%

6







Solution providing the best and

newest technology, highest available

efficiencies lowest operating costs

Need to replace all system

components, including piping

High investment costs and

high business disruption

7




Daikin offers an easy retrofit solution:



Use Daikin Replacement VRV®

KEEP PIPING,

JUST REPLACE THE UNITS

Newest technology+

High efficiency+

Fast installation+

Low business disruption

8


1. Replace outdoor unit

2. Replace indoor units (if not Daikin K-series –

Daikin K-series indoor units can be re-used)

3. Done! The system will automatically clean

the old piping and charge the correct

amount of R410A refrigerant

KEEP

replace

Replacement Procedure

replace

KEEP

Using the Daikin Replacement VRV®

or

9


Daikin Replacement VRV® = Ideal system for energy retrofitting

Newest technology

• R410A refrigerant, latest inverter technology, latest Daikin scroll

compressor

Lower energy consumption / higher efficiency

Easiest retrofitting

• No need to change field piping and in some cases even indoor units

Much quicker replacement and installation

Much smaller disruption to the business / property

Added value

• Possibility to upgrade system capacity

Higher capacity using same piping

Addition of indoor units on same main piping

10



Newest technology


EER of a 10HP system

3,98

3,10

2,37

0

1

2

3

4

5

R-22 R-407C VRVIII-Q

COP of a 10HP system

4,00

3,103,00

0

1

2

3

4

5

R-22 R-407C VRVIII-Q

68% better EER

40% lower power input

33% better COP

24% lower power input

11



Newest technology


Confirmed! Energy savings of 48%

achieved for cooling & heating a row of luxury

shops on Symons Street, London, originally air

conditioned by an R22 VRF system

12



Added value = Possibility to upgrade system capacity

Higher capacity using same piping

Addition of indoor units on same main piping

Have internal loads risen since the original installation?

Has the internal building layout changed?

1) Simply install a larger system

2) Simply add indoor units

3) Simply keep the same main piping1.

2.

3.

How can this be?R22 piping is “oversized” for R410A at same capacity, so with R410A it’s possible to transfer higher capacity through the same piping compared to R22

13



Retrofit today!

Heat Pump

Heat Recovery

5 HPRQYQ140P

48HPRQYP48P

10 HPRQCEQ140P

30 HPRQCEQ850P

14



Daikin Altherma Flex type Daikin’s view on next generation Refrigerants



Heating

Cooling

Hot Water Production


Daikin Altherma Flex type overview

Concept

Target applications

Product layout

Outdoor unit – VRV Heat Recovery

Indoor unit – Hydrobox HT module

Main features leading to benefits

Cascade – Compact – Modular – Inverter

Applications

17


SPACE HEATING DHW HEATING COOLING

High efficiency from 25 to 80°

First A/W HP solution in the world !

… combined or not…

…for capacities from 20 kW to more than 500 kW

For residential and

commercial projects


Residential applications

independant heating /

cooling / hot water

production per apartment

common heating / cooling /

hot water production for

the whole building


Hotels

Factories

GymnasiumSpa solutions

Schools Student dorms

Prisons

Stadiums

Commercial applications

Offices

Shops


Product layout

Indoor unit

Daikin Altherma

cascade technology

Outdoor unit

Daikin VRV Heat

Recovery technology


Features leading to benefits


Cascade technology

Water temperatures 25-80°C => Suitable for all emitters

High capacities and efficiencies with low ambient T°

SPACE HEATING

New and existing radiators 45°C – 80°C Under floor heating 25°C – 35°C Heat pump convector 35°C – 45°C Fan Coil units 35°C – 80°C


Cascade technology

High volumes of hot water

NO electrical heater High efficiencies

Quick heat-up times

SANITARY HOT WATER HEATING

Pressure/tempR134a cycleR410A cycle

R410A

R134a




Small footprint:

Flexible to install inside

Space savings inside (+ no exhaust/inlet pipes)

Compact Indoor unit

Small footprint:

Flexible to install outside

No reinforcement of floor required

lightweight construction (< 340 kg)

vibration-free operation

Compact Outdoor unit

Compact solution




Several classes of I/U + O/U lead to dimensioning acc. to exact needs

Modular System

Add-on outdoor units to reach higher capacities

Unlimited capacity

Cooling possibility

Heat recovery when combining cooling and DHW heating

Possibility to connect solar panels

Possibility to use thermal storage (heating / cooling)

Efficient solutions

Optimised dimensioning

Reversible indoor units


Modular system:optimised dimensioning + unlimited capacity

23 kW 40 kW 80 kW 120 kW 160 Kw ~ (500 kW)

System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4 System n

…

~80°

Unit 1 Unit n

~80°

45°

35°




Inverter Technology

Main benefits:

Outdoor unit is adapting to the requested load

Less on/off cycles

Energy savings at partial load

Comfort improvement

Inverter system

Standard compressor system

Temperature

variations


Application examples


Project: ZABA Zagrebačka banka, UniCredit group

Location: Zagreb, Hrvatska

Year: 2012

Replacement of gas reconstruction

Application examples






The sooner we

introduce better

alternatives for

today’s HFCs, the

lower the global

warming impact

will be

Source: “The large contribution of projected HFC emissions to future climate forcing” by Guus J.M.Velders et.al.

Climate change : we need to act now

To avoid global

temperature rise, CO2

concentration in the

atmosphere must be

stabilized at 550 ppm,

450 ppm or even

lower (depending on

various policy targets)

SRES = Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, prepared by the IPCC (intergovernmental panel on climate change)


Factors to Consider When

Making a Choice

Next Generation

refrigerants

Ozone Protection

Climate Change

Peak Load

Safety

Affordability

CFC Phase-out

HCFC Phase-out

Lower GWP

Low Emissions

High COP

Low Toxic

No/Low

Flammable

Compact/Light

Easy Install/

Maintenance

Reliable

Energy resources

Reduced charge

High efficiency

Natural

resources

Economy of scale :

global solutions

Efficient Use(do more with

less)


*1 According to ISO817 draft

*2 Practical limit is 0.1 kg/m³ according to EN378

*3 Based on latest data proposed for ASHRAE34

Refrigerant physical properties

Cond.Press.MPa

ODP GWP (IPCC4)

LifeYear

Flamm-ability

Toxicity

HF

C

R410A Azeotrop 2.72 0 2088 5-29 No Low

R407C Zeotrope 1.86 0 1770 5-29 No Low

R32 Single 2.80 0 675 5 Low (1) Low

HFO1234ze Single 0.88 0 6 11 days Low (1) Low (3)

HFO1234yf Single 1.16 0 4 7 days Low (1) Low (3)

HFO mixture Under investigation Low

No

n-H

FC

Propane R290 Single 1.53 0 ＜3 Some

days High Low

CO2 R744 Single 10.0 0 1 120 No Low (2)

Ammonia R717 Single 1.78 0 0 0 Low High

What are the future options?

Refrigerant properties compared to R410A


Diversity of refrigerant choice

There is no one-size-fits-all solution!

All refrigerant are included on the table of refrigerant choice

Choose whatever refrigerant is best suited for each application!

Daikin is developing R32 split air –conditioners from residential to

commercial range because R32 is better suited to these applications

R32


Not only GWP but GWP x quantity matters!

100 97

70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

R22 R410A R32

GWP (CO2eq) Quantity (% kg) GWP x quantity(CO2eq kg)

• The GWP of R32 is only 1/3rd of R410A

• The combined impact of GWP and Quantity can be up to 75% lower

GWP values are based on IPCC 4th report.

(Note : for the EU F gas regulation, the GWP values of the IPCC3 apply where R410A is 1975)

1810 2088

675

500

1000

R22 R410A R32

18102025

472

500

1000

R22 R410A R32

> 75%

reduction


40

0.7 1.0 1.3

R410A

CO2(*4)

R290（*3）

R32(*1)

1234yf single(*2）

R22

0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

R410A

CO2(*4)

R290（*3）

R32(*1)

1234yf single(*2）

R22

R410A (1.2kg)

CO2 (0.84Kg)

Propane (0.37kg)

R32 (0.84kg)

HFO1234yf (1.32 kg)

Power ratio Efficiency ratio

R22 (1.14kg)

0.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.0 1.0 1.3

If IEC is

disregarded the

charge volume is

0.58kg, and SEER

could be same as

R22

Energy-efficiencies

SEER Comparison (cooling mode)HPs Reversible - 3.5kW-Room AC in Europe

Peak power comparisonR410 ratio under cooling conditionOutside 35℃, room 27℃ DB, 19.5℃ WB

Consideration:

HFO and CO2 will cause peak power

supply problem

Consideration:

In terms of SEER, CO2 is the

worst


SCOP Comparison (Heating mode)

3.5kW split type (R410A Ratio)

R32 has highest SCOP in all

climates!

EuP Average Temp EuP Cold Area EuP Warm Area

R410A

CO2 *4

Propane *3R32 *1

HFO1234yf *2R22

0.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

R410A

CO2

Propane

R32

HFO1234yf

R22


Example : total global warming impact

5000 7000 9000 11000 13000 15000 17000

R410A

CO2(*4)

R290（*3）

R32(*1)

1234yf single(*2）

R22

(3) Emissions during refrigerant production(2) Direct emissions(1) Indirect emissions

Example : 3.5kW Room A/C in Europe – Ecodesign SEER calculation

(EU Average emissions from electricity = 0.43Kg/kWh)

R410A (GWP 2090)

R744 (GWP = 1)

R290 (GWP < 3)

R32 (GWP 675)

HFO1234yf (GWP 4)

R22 (GWP 1810)

(Kg･CO2)

0 7000 9000 11000 13000 15000

In this case, a

refrigerant

with a medium

GWP has a

lower global

warming

impact than a

refrigerant

with a low

GWP!

(*)

from energy use: indirect emissions

from refrigerant: direct emissions

Example: total global warming impact


Consideration of 2L classification by ASHRAE and ISO.

Class 1(no flame

propagation)

Class 2L (Lower

flammability and maximum

burning velocity ≤ 10 cm/s)

Class2(Lower

flammability

Class3(Higher

flammability )

CO2(R744 )

R410A

R22

HFO 1234yf

R32

Ammonia (higher chronic

toxic)

R152a Propane (R290)

Safety Comparison

Flammability of 2L refrigerants is very low


Ignition Test for Extreme Condition

44

1 m

1 m

1 m

Ignition

source

Slowly leak the test gas into a 1 m cubic box:

1. R290: 30g, electric spark

2. R32: 320g, open flame

3. R1234yf: 180g, open flame

Refrigerant

Heater

(surface temp.: 400 -

1000 °C)

Electric Spark

Refrigerant

Pilot Burner


Propane 30g ignited by electric spark


R32 ignited by Pilot burner

300 g no ignition 320 g ignited


R1234yf 180 g ignited by Pilot burner


Air IntakeR32

800 g / 4 min

Lower outlet

Sample: 2.8 kW split

(for 10 m2 room)

Test room size:

4.8 m X 1.5 m X 2.5 m

(7.2 m2)

Upper outlet

Result of R32 Real Case Test


R32400g 800g0g


R32+Ether (5%) R410A+Ether (5%)

Result of R32 Real Case Test

Maintenance / Service

Rapid refrigerant leak from liquid line

Refrigerant with 5% lubricant oil

1. R32 + Ether oil (5%) 2. R410A + Ether oil (5%) 3. R22 + Mineral oil (5%)


Refrigerant application map for

Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps

Recommendations for a Sustainable Future:

Best MIX of Current & additional refrigerants

depending on application!

+50

+40

+30

+20

+10

+0

-10

-20

-30

Am

bie

nt T

em

p.

Current

R32

DX & small Chiller

R1234yf

R1234ze

R32

CO2

Additional

Capacity 100 kW 1000 kW10 kW

R410A R134a

DX & Small Chiller Chiller

100 kW 1000 kW10 kW

ChillerR32Multi

system

Multisystem


Conclusion

Not only GWP but other impacts on safety, environment,

economy, energy supply should be considered.

There is no one-size-fits-all solution!

The sooner the better. This is the time to act!

R32 is the most balanced and feasible alternative for most

ranges of air-conditioning and heat pump applications for now.

Daikin will launch R32 products in Japan and other

countries wherever possible!


Replacement VRV

Altherma Flex type

DAIKIN‘s view on R32

Summary


WORKSHOP at REHVA annual meeting- Heat pump technology for low energy buildings & retrofitting -

When: Friday 20th of April – 13h30 till 15h00

❶ Heat pump technology in low energy buildings

Case study on Daikin net Zero Energy Building

12 months real measurements(just finished)

❷ Heat pump technology in Retrofitting

In depth discussion on todays topic

The Daikin Replacement VRV



Case study &

free discussion

Retrofit?

Yearly energy balance

Comfort evaluation

Renewable energy


REHVA Conference 2012

Documents

HVAC Technology in Energy Retrofitting - rehva.eu · R410A Azeotrop 2.72 0 2088 5-29 No Low R407C Zeotrope 1.86 0 1770 5-29 No Low R32 Single 2.80 0 675 5 Low (1) Low HFO1234ze Single