On Oct. 2, 2016, some 98% of those Hungarianswho voted rejected a referendum that asked “Doyou want the European Union to be entitled to

prescribe the mandatory settlement of non-Hungarian cit-izens in Hungary without the consent of parliament?”Because fewer than 50% of eli-gible voters participated, theresults were invalid. PrimeMinister Viktor Orbán stillclaimed victory and promised aconstitutional amendment toblock the imposition of the EUpolicy. Some saw the rejectionof the policy as a first steptoward Hungary’s exit from theEU, in imitation of the Britishdecision to leave the EU (seeSpecial Reports on pages 292and 296).

DemographyPopulation (2016): 9,810,000.Density (2016): persons per sq mi273.1, persons per sq km 105.4.

Sex distribution (2011): male47.48%; female 52.52%.

Population projection: (2020)9,773,000; (2030) 9,653,000.

Major cities (20151): Budapest1,757,618; Debrecen 203,506;Szeged 162,593; Miskolc159,554; Pécs 145,985.

Urban-rural (2014):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 pop-ulation (2015): 9.3(world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000population (2015): 13.4(world avg. 8.1).

Life expectancy at birth(2015): male 72.0 years;female 79.6 years.

Age breakdown (2011):

Ethnic composition (2011): Religious affiliation (2011):

Hungary

Official name: Magyarország (Hungary).Form of government: unitary multiparty republicwith one legislative house (National Assembly[199]).

Head of state: President János Áder.Head of government: Prime Minister ViktorOrbán.

Capital: Budapest.Official language: Hungarian. Official religion: none.Monetary unit: forint (Ft); valuation (Sept. 1,2016) 1 U.S.$ = Ft 277.08; 1 £ = Ft 368.51.

Area and population area population

20151

Counties Capitals sq mi sq km estimate

Bács-Kiskun Kecskemét 3,261 8,445 513,687Baranya Pécs 1,710 4,430 371,110Békés Bekéscsaba 2,174 5,631 351,148Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Miskolc 2,798 7,247 667,594Csongrád Szeged 1,646 4,263 406,205Fejér Székesfehérvár 1,683 4,359 417,651Györ-Moson-Sopron Györ 1,579 4,089 452,638Hajdú-Bihar Debrecen 2,398 6,211 537,268Heves Eger 1,404 3,637 301,296Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Szolnok 2,155 5,582 379,897Komárom-Esztergom Tatabánya 875 2,265 299,110Nógrád Salgótarján 982 2,544 195,923Pest Budapest2 2,468 6,393 1,226,115Somogy Kaposvár 2,331 6,036 312,084Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Nyíregyháza 2,292 5,937 562,357Tolna Szekszárd 1,430 3,703 225,936Vas Szombathely 1,288 3,336 253,997Veszprém Veszprém 1,781 4,613 346,647Zala Zalaegerszeg 1,461 3,784 277,290

Capital cityBudapest2 203 525 1,757,618TOTAL 35,919 93,030 9,855,571

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National economyBudget (2014). Revenue: Ft 10,697,300,000,000 (consumption taxes40.4%, household taxes and fees 15.9%, taxes oneconomic units 12.6%). Expenditures: Ft 11,658,600,-000,000 (budgetary institution payments 55.1%, socialsecurity and local government payments 15.0%, debtservice and interest expenditures 10.0%).

Public debt (2013): U.S.$65,306,000,000.Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,

forestry, fishing (2014): corn (maize) 9,315,100, wheat5,261,890, sunflower seeds 1,597,250, barley 1,274,710,sugar beets 1,066,750, rapeseed 699,750, potatoes567,430, grapes 494,3003; livestock (number of liveanimals) 3,004,000 pigs, 1,214,000 sheep, 782,000 cat-tle; roundwood 5,798,162 cu m, of which fuelwood46%; fisheries production 22,789 (from aquaculture 67%). Mining andquarrying (2013): bauxite 95,000, sandstone 23,470. Manufacturing(value added in U.S.$’000,000; 2009): transportation equipment 3,111;general purpose machinery 2,550; chemicals and chemical products1,967; electronics 1,153. Energy production (consumption): electricity(kW-hr; 2012) 34,590,000,000 (32,812,000,000), by source: fossil fuels46.4%, nuclear 45.6%; renewable energy 8.0%, of which biomass5.1%, wind energy 2.4%, hydroelectric 0.5%, solar energy, negligible;lignite (metric tons; 2011) none (11,000); hard coal (metric tons; 2011)none (1,670,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 2012) 4,340,000 ([2011]44,100,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 2012) 8,549,000 ([2011]5,690,000); natural gas (cu m; 2012) 2,268,000,000 ([2011]11,996,000,000).

Population economically active (2015): total 4,280,000; participationrates: age 15 and over, male 63.0%; female 47.0%; unemployed 7.0%,of which youth (ages 15–24) 17.0%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2015): U.S.$127,885,000,000 (U.S.$12,990per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$24,630 per capita).

Average household size (2009): 2.3.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops 46.9%,left fallow 3.7%, in permanent crops 2.1%, in pasture 11.1%, forestarea 22.3%.

Foreign trade8

Imports (2013): U.S.$97,256,000,000 (machinery andtransport apparatus 46.1%, basic manufactures33.9%, fuels and electricity 12.5%, food, bever-ages, and tobacco 5.1%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): U.S.$105,859,000,000 (machineryand transport apparatus 53.5%, basic manufactures31.8%, food, beverages, and tobacco 8.0%, fuelsand electricity 3.6%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2009): route length (2014)5,001 mi, 8,049 km; passenger-km 8,073,-000,000; metric ton-km cargo 7,663,000,000.Roads (2009): total length (2014) 126,512 mi,

203,601 km (paved 38%); passenger-km70,452,000,000; metric ton-km cargo35,373,000,000. Vehicles (2010): passen-ger cars 3,013,719; trucks and buses437,136.

HealthHealth (2008): physicians 31,024(1 per 324 persons); hospitalbeds 70,714 (1 per 142 per-sons); infant mortality rate per1,000 live births (2015) 5.0;undernourished population(2006–08) less than 5% oftotal population.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel(November 2015): 26,500 (army38.9%, air force 22.2%, jointstaff 38.9%); paramilitary 12,000;reserves 44,000. Military expendi-ture as percentage of GDP(2015): 0.7%; per capita expendi-ture U.S.$89.

1January 1. 2Budapest acts as the capital of Pest county even though it is administratively not part of Pest county.32013. 4Taxes less subsidies on products. 5Unemployed. 6Detail does not add to total given because of statistical dis-crepancy. 7Detail does not add to total given because of rounding. 8Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 9Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Hungarian Central Statistical Office www.ksh.hu• Magyar Nemzeti Bank www.mnb.hu/en

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013

in value % of total labour % of labourFt ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 1,098,800 3.7 184,600 4.3Mining and quarrying 59,300 0.2 7,500 0.2Public utilities 820,400 2.7 92,800 2.1Manufacturing 5,719,400 19.2 819,300 18.9Construction 994,000 3.3 245,500 5.7Transp. and commun. 2,933,800 9.8 370,500 8.5Trade, restaurants 3,056,800 10.2 686,600 15.8Finance, real estate 5,396,800 18.1 402,400 9.3Public administration 2,207,700 7.4 365,800 8.4Services 2,840,200 9.5 717,800 16.6Other 4,719,0004 15.84 441,0005 10.25

TOTAL 29,846,3006 100.07 4,333,800 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2015 11,7869 1,1899

Landline 2015 3,094 312

Internet users 2009 6,176 618Broadband 2015 2,7199 2749

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