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HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICT IN SAMBURU COUNTY: ONE HEALTH APPROACH TO AN INTEGRATIVE ECOSYSTEM STUDY. W.O. Ogara, G.Nduhiu , E.B. Ongoro UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY. OUTLINE. I. Introductory remarks (Definitions) 2. Study area - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICT IN SAMBURU COUNTY:
ONE HEALTH APPROACH TO AN INTEGRATIVE ECOSYSTEM STUDY
W.O. Ogara, G.Nduhiu, E.B. Ongoro UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH,
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY.
OUTLINE
I. Introductory remarks (Definitions)2. Study area3. Conceptualization of Samburu integrative
ecosystem study.4. Study outputs5. Carnivore in conflict project, objectives,
insites and hindsites.5. Acknowledgements
INTRODUCTIONIt is best put across as human and environmental ecosystem co-existing in a balance that keeps all of them healthy and living optimally.Disturbance of one element affects the other components.A holistic One health study approach in a ecosystem is thus desired.
Faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen4
WHAT IS TRANSDISCIPLINARITY: DEFINITION Ecosystem studies: Mono-, multi-, inter-, trans-disciplinary studies
Transdisciplinarity:“a new form of learning and problem solving involving cooperation among different parts of society and academia in order to meet complex challenges of society” (Julie Klein et al., 2001)
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Discipline
Discipline
Discipline
Discipline
Discipline
Discipline
Discipline
Non-academic environment
Mono-disciplinary
Multi-disciplinary
Inter-disciplinary Trans-
disciplinary
Discipline
Discipline
Discipline
STUDY AREASTUDY AREAMAP OF THE STUDY AREA
GEOGRAPHYCAL DETAILSRainfall:Rainfall: Bimodal; March to April and Oct. to Nov.Bimodal; March to April and Oct. to Nov.Mean annual rainfall; 250 – 500mm.Mean annual rainfall; 250 – 500mm. Temperatures:Temperatures: Mean 18-20Mean 18-2000C. Minimum; 11- 14C. Minimum; 11- 1400CC
Vegetation:Vegetation:Varied; acacia spp, dry wood land, shrub-Varied; acacia spp, dry wood land, shrub-
grassland.grassland.
Soils:Soils: Luvisos and CombisolsLuvisos and Combisols
Main economical activity:Main economical activity:• PastoralismPastoralism
Main Constrain:Main Constrain:• Predation on LivestockPredation on Livestock
%
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%
%
%
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ShabaSamburuBuffalo Springs
Sera
West Gate
Namunyak
Lekurruki
IlngwesiMukurian
Mukogodo
Lerochi Forest
Mount Kenya Forest
Mathews Range
Weru project
SESIASILANGA-NANYUKIE
NGARONI
LKISINI
Kalama
Lewa downsBoranaNdare Forest
WambaKisima
Isiolo
Kirimun
Don Dol
Lodosoit
Serolevi
Barsalinga
Londungokua
Archers Post
N
ContoursForest reservesCommunity grazing landPrivate conservanciesNational reservesEstablished community conservanciesNew community conservanciesRoadsRivers
% TownsSamburu CRI boundary
Key
Conceptualization of the IES (stepwise approach) 1. Communities & stakeholders’
2. Researchers & conservation groups 3. Communities, researchers & other stakeholders
• Barriers to resource access• Critical habitats in and outside ‘PAs’• Status and distribution of ‘HWCs’• Encroachment on wildlife corridors• Water resource availability, quality and use• Indigenous plant use• Indigenous resource management• Wildlife-livestock health interface• Land-use tenure and conflicts• Impacts of wildlife management enterprises
Integrated ecosystem study in Samburu
Carnivore Project – Transdisciplinarity
Depredation
Grazing land- prey base
Homestead
Water resources
Denning sites
COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY
Trans- disciplinary
Resultant conflict
Ngare Ndare forest
Samburu ecosystem is shared between human, livestock and wildlife.
Human live at cross proximity with their livestock.
Human & livestock share watering points & denning site with carnivores.
Conflicts ; kills by the cats, zoonotic disease transfer.
Carnivores sharing watering point & dens with livestock & human
Human & livestock sharing ecosystem,.Interfaced human, livestock & wildlife
Carnivore Scat Analysis Scat types indicated presence
of predators in the ecosystem; lion, leopard, hyena, wild-dog.
Scat analyzed for presence of prey hair indicated;
Mixed diet Preference of wild ungulates
to domestic prey, thus informed conflict management by involved community .
Hair endMedulla end
Absolute width
Medulla width
Cross-species pathogens
Shared environment by humans, carnivores, wild and domestic ungulates.Through watering points, grazing fields and den site.Zoonotic pathogens & diseases vectors spread across the shared ecosystem.
OutputsPublications
Determination of carnivores prey base by scat analysis in Samburu community group ranches in Kenya, AJEST Vol. 4(8), 540-546,2010, http://www.academicjournals.org/AJEST.
Joshua Orungo Onono, William Okelo Ogara, Samuel Oyieke Okuthe, Johnson Gitahi Nduhiu, Alfred Omwando Mainga, Dorcas Nduati. Challenges of camel production in Samburu District, Kenya. Journal of Camelid Science; 3(2010) 01-05. http://www.isocard.org.
Ongoro E B., Ontita E., Ogara W O., Oguge N O., (2010) Climate Change and the Emergence of Helter- Skelter Livelihoods in Samburu East District,Kenya. In, Experiences of Climate Change Adaptation in Africa pp97 – 110 Springer Verlag Heideberg 2011.
Thesis and projectsIdentification of ticks collected from carnivore denning site in Samburu – Bsc. Student.
Assessing trade-offs between pastoral economy and wildlife conservation in the Ewaso Nyiro Basin, Northern Kenya. A case study of Naibunga and Namunyak conservancies – MSc student
Climate change – MSc studentClimate change – MSc student
Externant bone study collected at hyena dens in Samburu – PhD, ongoing
Common Central ConceptsParticipationKnowledge integrationReflectionEmergent design and process facilitation
These underpin the concept of one-health
Carnivore project objectivesCharacterize location and nature of livestock housing structure.Characterize the nature and frequency of conflicts (depredation) per locality.Carnivore ecology.Characterize carnivore health parameters.Characterize the KAP of community in relation to wildlife (feeding, migration & conflict areas).Identify mitigation measures to recommend policy dimensions.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the following;Earthwathch
Samburu CommunityKenya wildlife service
University of Nairobi-PHPTColleagues in the Department