SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 1

- Measuring the Impact of Rubber Agroforestry

An Integrative Ecosystem Service Assessment Framework

Dr. Marc Cotter, Inga Häuser & SURUMER-partners

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 2

- to develop an integrative,

applicable, and stakeholder

validated concept for

sustainable rubber cultivation

Objective of SURUMER

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 3

Project region and Ecosystem Services

Photo: G. Langenberger

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 4

Literature review on ESS in rubber

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1 2 3 4 >5

Nu

mb

er o

f stu

die

s

ESS mentioned

Total number of ESS mentioned in each study.

0 10 20 30 40

Provisioning

Regulation

Habitat

Cultural

Number of inclusions

Inspiration for culture

Spiritual experience

Recreation

Maintenance of genetic diversity

Climate regulation

Regulation of w ater f low s

Waste treatment

Erosion prevention

Maintenance of soil fertility

Pollination

Biological control

Food

Water

Raw materials

Genetic resourcesKevin Thellmann (2013) tbp

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 5

Ecosystem Services in SURUMER

Water Carbon Biodiversity Social welfare

Quality BiomassHabitat quality(flora, fauna,

aquatic)Income

Quantity Latex Pollination Workload

Evaporation Sequestration rates Animal husbandry Payments for ESS

Transpiration Sedimentation Non-Timber Forest Products

Conservation Value

Erosion Export Human-Wildlife conflicts Tourism

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 6

Stakeholders define focus topics

Photo: G. Langenberger

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 7

ESS covered by SURUMER

Transdisciplinary Evaluation Process

Integrated scenario assessment frameworkStakeholder Initiated Alternative Scenarios

Water Management

Ecosystem Service Assessments

Socio-economic Evaluation

Interdisciplinary Trade-off

Assessment

Land Management & Bio-Physical

Modeling

Stakeholder Validation

Bio-diversity

Stak

ehol

der P

roce

ss

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 8

Focus region

Berkhoff 2014

Naban River Watershed

National Nature Reserve,

Xishuangbanna Prefecture,

Yunnan Province, PR China

270 km²

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 9

e.g. Carbon pools

Bhagabati 2013, Li et al. 2008, Huber 2013

Photo: K. Martin

aboveground biomass belowground biomass

dead organic matter

Photo: K. Martin

Photo: R. Golbon

Photo: LIU Jingxin

latex yield

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 10

Landscape Level: Carbon storage

total carbon stored in NRWNNR landscape:2.4 million Mg C

equivalent to 8.8 million Mg CO2

worth 51.9 million €(www.eex.com, 5.90 €/Mg of CO2, price as of February 4th 2014)

Häuser, tbp

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 11

Cotter et al. 2014, Gibreel et al. 2014, Ecological Indicators

scenario evaluation: Carbon storage 2025

go green scenario<->

land use 2006discount rate 8%

+ 1.8 million €

business as usual<->

land use 2006discount rate 8%

- 0.3 million €

GoGreen Business as Usual

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 12

C sequestration (Mg C/ha)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Lat

ex p

rod

uc

tio

n (

Mg

/ha

)

0

5

10

15

20

25300 Trees/ha450 Trees/ha1000 Trees/ha

Plot-Level: Trade-off AnalysisRubber C sequestration vs Latex yield:non-linear relationship

Cadisch et al. 2013

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 13

Off–site effects: Sediment retentionsediment retentionremoving cost of sediments

Photo: L. Seitz

Photo: R. SchaufelbergerPhoto: G. Langenberger

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 14

Take home messagesESS Assessments profit greatly from multi- and interdisciplinary approaches in modeling and analysis

- Identification of trade-off effects

- Multiple points of view

Involvement of stakeholders is essential for the implementation and relevance of research projects

- Extension, personal interest, dissemination

- Identification of research needs

- Consideration of off-site effects

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 15

Thank you!

University of Hohenheim

Humboldt University of Berlin

University of Stuttgart

Beijing Normal University

Leibnitz University Hannover

China Agricultural University

Tongji University Shanghai

Lao PDR

EFTAS, Münster

Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden

World Agroforestry Centre, China-Program

Yunnan State Farms Groups

Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve

Centre for Chinese Agricultural Policy

CAS, Beijing

http://surumer.uni-hohenheim.deTsinghua University

Beijing

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region 16

Subprojects in SURUMER

Integrated valuation of ESF/ESS

and

sustainability assessment

SP2: Local water balance

SP1: Carbon dynamics

SP3: Water management

PMC

Biop

hysi

cal

proc

esse

s

SP6: Nature reserve conflicts

SP4: Pollinator services

SP5: Agroecological diversification

SP7: Welfare economic valuation

SP9: Micro-economic analysis

SP8: Knowledge transfer

management

Biod

iver

sity

Econ

omy

and

soci

o-ec

onom

yRemote sensing data and land use maps

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region

Framework for ESS Assessment

SP1LUCIA

SP 8 and all Stakeholder Process

Scenario – modeling adaptation

SP 8 and all Stakeholder Process

Scenario 2Scenario 1Scenario 3

SP 3WaterMT

PMC InVest

SP 9 micro-economic analysis

SP 7 Welfare Economic Valuation

SP 2

SP 4

SP 6

stakeholder adaptation

SP 5

Stakeholder Workshops

Bio-physical Assessment

Scenario groups

Stakeholder Workshops

Impact Assessment

Scenario I

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region

Bio-physical

• precipitation• Evaporation• Run off• Land Cover• Transpiration

ESF

ESS

BenefitAgricultural

use

value

• Water yield

• Agricultural use• Aquatic food

resources• Hydroelectric

power generation

• Hydropower• Irrigation of rice

paddies• Nutritional

diversification

1. Water: Provisioning – surface water, non-drinking

• Provisioning of surface water for non-drinking purposes

LUCIAAKWA

InVest

LUCIA

HYDRO

BenefitHydroelectric

power generation

BenefitAquatic food ressources

value

value

Casimir

InVest

workshop

InVest

workshop

SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region

Bio-physical

• precipitation• Evaporation• Land Cover• Transpiration

ESF

ESS

Benefittranspiration

rates

value

• Photosynthesis• Biomass

production• Gas exchange

rates

• Biomass accumulation

• Rubber yield• Water resources

• Income• Quality of water

resources• Improved

management options

5. Carbon: Regulation – Ventilation and transpiration

• Mediation of gas flows

analysis

analysisBenefit

CO² fixation

Benefitlocal water

balance

value

value

LUCIA

InVest

workshop

analysis

workshopField studies