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Human Transport System
How does the circulatory system help maintain homeostasis?
It transports nutrients and other essential materials, such as oxygen, to cells and removes waste products.
What other human systems work with the circulatory in maintaining homeostasis?
Respiratory
Excretory
Digestive
Human Circulatory SystemClosed system – blood is in tubesConsists of:
Heart
BloodBlood vessels – arteries, veins, capillaries
Blood VesselsArteries - carry blood away from the heart
to all parts of bodyexpansion and contraction of artery is the pulse
– corresponds to the number of heartbeatsCapillaries – smallest vessels
one cell layer thicksite of exchange between blood and body
tissues Veins – bring blood back to the heart
Contain valves which stop blood from flowing backwards
HeartMuscular pump that is responsible for
circulating blood throughout the body
A. Structure of the Heart4 chambers – right and left side of the heart
separated by the septum
Heart2 upper chambers – Atria
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
2 lower chambers – VentriclesRight ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to
the lungsLeft ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the
body**Ventricular walls contain thicker muscles
HeartB. Valves prevent backflow of blood in chambers of the heart. The closing of valves creates “lub-dub” sound of heartbeat.
Tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Mitral valve - located between the left atrium and left ventricle
HeartC. Blood PressureThe pressure exerted on the walls of the
arteries from the pumping action of the heart is referred to as blood pressure.
100-140 Systolic Pressure on the ventricles during contraction60-80 Diastolic Pressure in the ventricle during relaxation
HeartD. Pathways of CirculationSystemic: from the heart to the rest of the
body and backPulmonary: from the right ventricle
lungsleft atriumCoronary: from the heart to the blood vessels
that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.
Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory systemTransport Disorders – diseases of the
heart and blood vessels are called cardiovascular diseases1. Hypertension is also known as high
blood pressure. This condition damages the heart and the wall of the blood vessels. Risk factors include stress, diet, heredity, cigarette smoking and aging.
Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory system
2. Angina Pectoris is a temporary narrowing of the coronary arteries causing temporary shortages of oxygen to the heart. This results in severe chest pain that may radiate down the left arm and into the jaw.
3. Coronary thrombosis (heart attack) is a blockage in the coronary artery or its branches. The blockage deprives the heart muscle of oxygen and subsequently damages it.
Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory system
4. Strokes are the result of blood clots that block blood vessels from bringing blood to the brain. Brain cells begin to die from a lack of oxygen. Ruptures in these same blood vessels may also cause strokes.
Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory systemBlood Disorders
Leukemia is a form of cancer in which the bone marrow produces abnormally large numbers of white blood cells.
Anemia is a condition in which the blood cannot carry sufficient amounts of oxygen to the body cells.Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder
resulting in misshapen red blood cells due to an alteration in the hemoglobin.
Iron deficiency anemia is the result of low iron in the diet resulting in a decrease in the number of red blood cells.