Human Health Risk Assessment - Department of …...Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment. Army Aviation Centre Oakey (AACO), Oakey QLD. 1 September 2016

Addendum to Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment

Prepared forDepartment of Defence

04 April 201760438981Rev 1

Sensitivity Assessment of HHRA Outcomes for Food Standards Australia New Zealand Tolerable Daily Intake

Army Aviation Centre Oakey

AECOM Army Aviation Centre Oakey Addendum to Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment – Sensitivity Assessment of HHRA Outcomes to Food Standards Australia New Zealand Tolerable Daily Intake

04-Apr-2017 Prepared for – Department of Defence – ABN: 68 706 814 312

Addendum to Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment Sensitivity Assessment of HHRA Outcomes to Food Standards Australia New Zealand Tolerable Daily Intake

Client: Department of Defence

ABN: 68 706 814 312

Prepared by

AECOM Australia Pty Ltd Level 10, Tower Two, 727 Collins Street, Melbourne VIC 3008, Australia T +61 3 9653 1234 F +61 3 9654 7117 www.aecom.com ABN 20 093 846 925

04-Apr-2017

Job No.: 60438981

AECOM in Australia and New Zealand is certified to ISO9001, ISO14001 AS/NZS4801 and OHSAS18001.

© AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM). All rights reserved.

AECOM has prepared this document for the sole use of the Client and for a specific purpose, each as expressly stated in the document. No other party should rely on this document without the prior written consent of AECOM. AECOM undertakes no duty, nor accepts any responsibility, to any third party who may rely upon or use this document. This document has been prepared based on the Client’s description of its requirements and AECOM’s experience, having regard to assumptions that AECOM can reasonably be expected to make in accordance with sound professional principles. AECOM may also have relied upon information provided by the Client and other third parties to prepare this document, some of which may not have been verified. Subject to the above conditions, this document may be transmitted, reproduced or disseminated only in its entirety.



Quality Information

Document Addendum to Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment

Ref 60438981

Date 04-Apr-2017

Prepared by Michael Archer

Reviewed by Amanda Lee

Revision History

Rev Revision Date Details Authorised

Name/Position Signature

1 04-Apr-2017 Final Michael Jones Director - Environment NSW & ACT



Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1 1.2 Sensitivity Assessment 1 1.3 Objective 2

2.0 Issues Identification 3 3.0 Data Collection and Evaluation 4 4.0 Exposure Assessment 5 5.0 Toxicity Assessment 6

5.1 TDI Adopted in AECOM (2016) HHRA Report 6 5.2 TDI Adopted in Sensitivity Assessment 7 5.3 Background Exposure 9

6.0 Risk Characterisation 10 6.1 Sensitivity Assessment Hazard Quotients and Hazard Indices 10 6.2 Measured and Modelled PFAS Blood Serum Concentrations 10

7.0 Conclusions 11 7.1 Use of Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply 11 7.2 Exposure Scenarios Excluding Use of Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply 11

7.2.1 No change to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report “Low and Acceptable” Risk Outcome 13

7.2.2 Residents in Groundwater Zone 2 - Typical exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) - changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes 13

7.2.3 Residents in Groundwater Zone 1 and Zone 2 - Upper exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) – no changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes 14

7.2.4 Commercial Agriculture Workers in Groundwater Zone 1 - Upper exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) - changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes 17

7.2.5 Recreational Users of Local Waterways - Upper exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) – changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes 18

7.2.6 Infant Intakes via Breast Milk 18 7.3 Summary 19

8.0 References 25

Appendix A Hazard Indices A

Appendix B HHRA Calculations B

List of Tables

Table 1 TDI adopted in sensitivity assessment 8 Table 2 Summary of potential changes to the AECOM (2016) HHRA conclusions based

on HI calculated using FSANZ TDI 12 Table 3 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for Residents based on FSANZ TDI 20 Table 4 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for Commercial Agriculture Workers and

Subsistence Farmers based on FSANZ TDI 22 Table 5 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for Recreational Receptors based on FSANZ

TDI 23 Table 6 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for On-Site Employees based on FSANZ TDI 24



List of Figures

Figure 1 Comparison of HI for Residents in Groundwater Zone 1 - Typical exposure scenario 11

Figure 2 HI breakdown by exposure pathway for Residents in Groundwater Zone 2 - Typical exposure scenario (excluding drinking groundwater) based on FSANZ TDI 14

Figure 3 HI breakdown by exposure pathway for Residents in Groundwater Zone1 – Upper range exposure scenario (excluding drinking groundwater) FSANZ TDI 15

Figure 4 HI breakdown by exposure pathway for Residents in Groundwater Zone 2 – Upper range exposure scenario (excluding drinking groundwater) FSANZ TDI 15

Figure 5 HI breakdown for pathways not currently subject to precautionary recommendations – Residents in Groundwater Zone 1, Upper Exposure scenario 16

Figure 6 HI breakdown for pathways not currently subject to precautionary recommendations – Residents in Groundwater Zone 2, Upper Exposure scenario 16

Figure 7 HI breakdown – Commercial Agriculture Workers (and family consuming farm produce) in Groundwater Zone 1, Upper Exposure scenario 17

Figure 8 HI breakdown – Recreational users of local waterways, Upper Exposure scenario 18



1

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background

AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) was engaged by the Department of Defence (Defence) to undertake a quantitative human health risk assessment (HHRA) as part of Defence’s response to the detection of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment in association with the historic use of legacy aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) at the Army Aviation Centre Oakey (AACO), in Oakey, Queensland (the Site). The HHRA is documented in:

AECOM, 2016. Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment. Army Aviation Centre Oakey (AACO), Oakey QLD. 1 September 2016 (referred to herein as the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report).

The AECOM (2016) HHRA Report adopted toxicity reference values (TRV) presented as Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) which were recommended by an independent toxicologist as being appropriate for use and were consistent with subsequent Australian interim guidance on PFAS toxicity (enHealth, 2016a). AECOM was requested by Defence to complete a sensitivity assessment in order to evaluate the potential impact of adopting the Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) TDI for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS). The FSANZ TDI were provided in the following document:

Food Standards Australia New Zealand Hazard assessment report – Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (herein referred to as the FSANZ Report).

This Addendum to the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report documents the outcomes of this sensitivity assessment and must be read in conjunction with the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.

Subsequent to preparation of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, AECOM was engaged by Defence to undertake a 2017 environmental investigation. The scope of work included in the 2017 environmental investigation includes additional groundwater, surface water, sediment, soil and biota sampling, hydrogeological investigations and trials into plant uptake of PFAS. The results of these ongoing investigations will be used to refine the conceptual site model (CSM), address data gaps identified by the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report and prepare an updated HHRA Report in the second half of 2017.

1.2 Sensitivity Assessment

The risk assessment process involves a number of assumptions regarding Site conditions, human exposure and chemical toxicity. These assumptions are based on site-specific information (where available), but it is not always possible to fully predict or describe site conditions and human activities at a site for the exposure period considered in the risk assessment. The assumptions adopted in the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report have therefore been selected to provide a deliberate margin of safety for all scenarios assessed.

Sensitivity assessment is the process of changing one HHRA input parameter while leaving the others constant and determining the effect on the output.

The sensitivity assessment documented in this Addendum explores the effect of adopting the FSANZ TDI for PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS on the estimated hazard index (HI).

The FSANZ TDI adopt a similar approach to the guidance published by enHealth (2016a), which indicates that the toxicity of PFHxS should be considered to be equal to that of PFOS. All other assumptions and parameters adopted by this sensitivity assessment are consistent with the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report. That is, the TDI is the only HHRA input parameter that has been changed in this sensitivity assessment. All other parameters are consistent with the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.



2

1.3 Objective

The objective of this sensitivity assessment is to assess whether the adoption of the FSANZ TDI for PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS (with all other parameters consistent with the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report) would affect the conclusions of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.



3

2.0 Issues Identification Issues identification is the process of planning and scoping the risk assessment and determining the potential source-pathway-receptor (SPR) linkages that will form the basis of the HHRA. The Issues Identification stage of the HHRA was documented in Section 3 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report. Specifically, this stage includes:

Development of a preliminary CSM, which identifies the following:

- the source(s) of PFAS contamination

- potential PFAS contaminant transport and/or migration pathways

- potential human receptors that may be exposed to PFAS contamination via complete and potentially significant exposure pathways.

The CSM was documented in Section 4.8 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report. No amendments have been made to the CSM considered in this sensitivity assessment.

Identification of PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) as Chemicals of Potential Concern (CoPC), as documented in Section 4.3 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.



4

3.0 Data Collection and Evaluation Data evaluation is the process of reviewing the available data and determining whether it is appropriate for use in the risk assessment. Specifically, this stage includes:

Identification of the relevant available information relating to previous investigations conducted in relation to the Investigation Area (IA). The data considered in the AECOM (2016) HHRA were primarily sourced from various investigations conducted by AECOM since November 2013 to facilitate Defence’s long term objective of identifying and managing risks associated with PFAS contamination. The IA is described as the broader area including the Site and surrounds which is being studied as part of assessing the extent of PFAS detections in the groundwater. The boundaries of the IA have changed over time as more information has become available. Currently the IA encompasses the majority of the Site and includes a buffer area beyond the known extent of PFOS and PFOA detected in groundwater (referred to as the Detection Area) and extends approximately 5.5 km south and 3.5 km west of the Site. The current inferred extent of the IA is depicted in Figure 2 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.

Assessment of the quality and quantity of data available for use in the HHRA. Investigation locations are depicted in Figure 3 to Figure 8 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.

Assessment of the data gaps and their significance with respect to the HHRA.

The Data Collection and Evaluation stage of the HHRA was documented in Section 4 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report. This included (in Section 4.4.3 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA) the identification of two off-Site groundwater impact zones for consideration in the HHRA:

‘Zone 1’ to the south and west of the Site, which is inferred to have resulted primarily from lateral groundwater migration and vertical migration from surface water

‘Zone 2’ immediately south of the Site, which is inferred to have greater magnitude PFOS concentrations owing to proximity to the Site, plus a potential greater contribution from vertical migration from surface water in the vicinity of stormwater Drain 1 and Drain 2 that originate from the Site.

The off-Site groundwater impact zones are depicted in Figure 8 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.

The AECOM (2016) HHRA Report considered environmental data collected up to 27 May 2016. No additional data or revisions to the inferred boundaries of these two groundwater impact zones have been included in this sensitivity assessment.



5

4.0 Exposure Assessment Exposure assessment is the process of estimating the magnitude, frequency, extent and duration of human exposure to PFAS and refinement of the CSM based on these considerations. The exposure assessment is presented in Section 5 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.

As discussed in Section 5.1 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, to account for variability in human behavioural patterns, while remaining protective of general population exposures, the HHRA considered a range of exposure assumptions:

A ‘typical’ exposure was based on mean or median parameters for the general population. The use of typical values was intended to capture the typical and average exposure for the majority of the population based on a combination of ‘common sense’ professional judgement and published values regarding exposure frequency and potential PFAS ingestion. It is anticipated that the assessment of the typical scenario will be applicable to the majority of the population.

Upper range exposure was based on reasonable maximum exposure parameters. The use of upper values was intended to:

- be representative of a reasonable maximum exposure (RME)

- capture receptors who undertake activities at a higher frequency or ingest more than the average person

- provide an estimate of exposure that is reflective of the upper/high end of the scale of potential exposure. It is considered that the exposure frequency and quantity assumed by the upper scenario will only apply to small percentage of the population.

It was noted that both the typical and upper range exposure assumptions were coupled with maximum Exposure Point Concentrations (EPC) for soil, groundwater, sediment and surface water. As a result, the HHRA outcomes are considered to be conservative and likely to over-estimate rather than under-estimate risks to human health. In particular, the combination of upper exposure assumptions (which were based on high exposure frequency and/or high exposure quantity) and maximum EPC is considered likely to be highly conservative. For example, the upper exposure scenario for consumption of finfish is based on the assumption that the recreational fisher consumes 16.4 g (child) and 32.8 g (adult) of finfish every day for a lifetime (6 years for a child and 35 years for an adult) and that all of the finfish consumed from the Investigation Area over the lifetime contains the average reported PFAS concentration.

When undertaking this sensitivity assessment, no amendments have been made to the adopted exposure assumptions and parameters nor to the adopted EPC originally adopted by the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.



6

5.0 Toxicity Assessment Toxicity assessment is the process of understanding the health effects associated with exposure to PFAS and making a quantitative link between the degree of exposure and the effect realised. Hazard identification is discussed in Section 6.1 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.

5.1 TDI Adopted in AECOM (2016) HHRA Report

At the time of commencement of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, there were no published Australian toxicity profiles for PFAS. Consequently, AECOM used current toxicological profiles prepared by Toxconsult Pty Ltd (ToxConsult) for the following PFAS to inform the HHRA:

PFOS

PFOA

1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro decane sulfonate (8:2 FtS)

1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- perfluoro octane sulfonate fluorotelemer (6:2 FtS)

PFHxS

PFHxA.

The toxicity assessment involved:

description of toxicokinetics, including adsorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and kinetic modelling

review of available animal studies including acute and repeat dose toxicity, chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity

review of available epidemiological studies, pivotal modes of action, identification of potentially sensitive sub-populations

establishment of background concentrations

review of all available TDI published by state, national or international authorities and provide recommendation of defensible TDI for use in the HHRA.

Toxconsult recommended:

adoption of the TDI for PFOS and PFOA from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2008) which were consistent with subsequent Australian interim guidance on PFAS toxicity (enHealth, 2016a).

it be assumed that the toxicity of PFHxS should be considered to be equal to that of PFOS and therefore the PFOS TDI be adopted for the assessment of potential exposure to PFHxS. This was also consistent with subsequent Australian interim guidance on PFAS toxicity (enHealth, 2016a).

that there was sufficient data from international research to derive a chemical specific TDI for PFHxA. The value proposed was consistent with a value previously published by the Swedish National Food Agency, however no TDI for this compound has subsequently been published for use in Australia.

that the toxicological information for 6:2 FtS and 8:2 FtS was too limited to recommend defensible chemical-specific TRVs for use in HHRA.

AECOM undertook a quantitative assessment of potential risk for PFAS compounds for which a defensible TDI was identified in the ToxConsult toxicity profiles (i.e. PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS and PFHxA).

As discussed in Section 6.2 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS and PFHxA have been assessed as threshold chemicals, as standard tests for genotoxic carcinogenicity have been negative.



7

Potential health effects that are assessed on the basis of a threshold dose response utilise a threshold TRV which is typically termed an acceptable daily intake (ADI) or TDI or reference dose (RfD). For the purpose of this assessment, the threshold TRV adopted has been termed a TDI. A TDI is a lifetime daily chemical intake below which it is considered unlikely that adverse effects would occur in human populations, including sensitive sub-groups (e.g. the very young or elderly). Hence, the TDI relates to intakes from all sources, including source-related impacts as well as background intakes (where relevant). It is important to note that where estimated intakes exceed the TDI, it does not necessarily mean that adverse health effects will occur.

5.2 TDI Adopted in Sensitivity Assessment

This sensitivity assessment adopts the FSANZ TDI for PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS from the FSANZ Report. The TDI recommended by ToxConsult (2016) for PFHxA has been retained in this sensitivity assessment as no additional guidance for the assessment of this chemical was provided in the FSANZ Report.

A summary of the oral (i.e. ingestion) exposure threshold TDI from the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report compared with the more conservative TDI from the FSANZ Report (used to inform this sensitivity assessment) are presented in Table 1. No TRV specific to inhalation or dermal exposure (i.e. exposure via breathing or skin contact) have been identified for PFAS that would allow a separate evaluation of intakes via these pathways. Hence, the TDI from the FSANZ Report for the oral exposure pathway have also been adopted for direct contact and inhalation pathways in the sensitivity assessment.



8

Table 1 TDI adopted in sensitivity assessment

Compound Application Oral TDI

(mg/kg bw/day) Source Notes on Derivation

PFOS

TDI adopted in this sensitivity assessment

2 x 10-5 FSANZ Report Point of departure: a Human Equivalent Dose (HED) No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 0.0006 mg/kg/day identified for female rats (Luebker et al 2005).

The critical effects considered were parental toxicity (decreased body weight gain and food consumption) and offspring toxicity (reduced body weight and weight gain).

Uncertainty Factor (UF) of 30

TDI adopted in the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report

1.5 x 10-4 EFSA (2008) – also adopted by enHealth (2016)

Point of departure: A NOAEL of 0.03 mg/kg/day based on a 26-week study on monkeys (Seacat et al., 2002)

UF of 200.

PFOA


1.6 x 10-4 FSANZ Report Point of departure: an HED Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) of 0.0049 mg/kg/day identified for mice (Lau et al, 2006).

The critical effect considered was fetal toxicity. UF of 30



Point of departure: Benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10% response (BMDL10) of 0.3 mg/kg/day based on studies of liver effects in rats by Perkins et al., 2004; Sibinski, 1983; Butenhoff et al., 2004 and studies in mice by Lau et al., 2006

UF of 200.

PFHxS


2 x 10-5 FSANZ Report The FSANZ Report states “there was insufficient toxicological and epidemiological information to justify establishing a TDI for PFHxS. In the absence of a TDI, it is reasonable to conclude that the enHealth (2016) approach of using the TDI for PFOS is likely to be conservative and protective of public health as an interim measure”.

See notes above for PFOS oral TDI



ToxConsult (2016) recommended adopting the TDI for PFOS, consistent with subsequent advice from enHealth (2016).

PFHxA

TDI adopted in both the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report and this sensitivity assessment

1 x 10-1 ToxConsult (2016) Point of departure: a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg/day identified for female rats (Klaunig et al 2015).

UF of 300



9

5.3 Background Exposure

Background exposure to chemicals present in the environment can occur as a result of everyday activities or natural sources. PFAS may be present in food, water and consumer products and represent non-Site based sources of exposure. This is commonly referred to as ‘background exposure’. In accordance with the approach adopted in the National Environmental Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure 1999 as amended in 2013 (ASC NEPM 2013) background exposure has been taken into account through adjustment (reduction) of TDI to account for non-Site related exposure.

The background exposure concentrations adopted by this sensitivity assessment are consistent with the values documented in Section 6.3 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.



10

6.0 Risk Characterisation Risk characterisation is the process of summarising information from the previous stages of the risk assessment approach and integrating it into a quantitative expression of risk. Specifically, this stage includes:

Comparison of estimated contaminant intake to adopted TDI for each CoPC (i.e. calculation of hazard quotients):

- the hazard quotient for each CoPC (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS and PFHxA) was summed to provide an HI for each individual exposure pathway

- the HI for each individual exposure pathway was then further summed to produce a cumulative risk estimate for each identified multi-pathway exposure scenario.

Comparison of risk estimates against risk acceptance criteria recommended and/or adopted by State and Federal regulatory agencies as appropriate. An HI less than or equal to a target value of 1 is considered to indicate that cumulative PFAS intakes via identified pathways are unlikely to exceed the relevant TDI and therefore risk to health is termed “low and acceptable”. An HI greater than a target value of 1 is considered to indicate a potential for elevated health risk.

Discussion of the key uncertainties associated with the HHRA process and the assumptions and exposure modelling undertaken for this HHRA.

Consideration of the risk estimates in the context of the identified uncertainties.

The risk characterisation stage was presented in Section 7 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report. The sensitivity assessment presented in this Addendum should be read in the context of the uncertainty assessment reported in Section 8 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report.

6.1 Sensitivity Assessment Hazard Quotients and Hazard Indices

A table of hazard indices based on the adoption of the FSANZ TDI (as described in Table 1) compared to hazard indices based on the TDI adopted in the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report is presented in Appendix A. Calculations are included in Appendix B.

6.2 Measured and Modelled PFAS Blood Serum Concentrations

As an additional line of evidence, the AECOM (2016) HHRA included an assessment undertaken by ToxConsult of the potential for health effects based on PFAS concentrations in human blood. This component of the HHRA concluded:

Measured PFOS and PFOA concentrations in blood of 75 people from Oakey do not indicate that adverse health effects are likely to occur.

Based on potential modelled PFAS concentrations in blood there are theoretical upper range exposure scenarios where PFAS exposure due to consumption of meat, liver or fish could exceed tolerable limits. Measured concentrations of PFAS in blood do not indicate that these theoretical scenarios have actually been realised.

However, PFAS concentrations in blood are elevated above typical background concentrations for people in Australia. Minimising future PFAS exposure by observing precautionary recommendations will result in blood PFAS concentrations declining over time.

The assessment based on measured and modelled blood PFAS concentrations did not utilise the TDI described in Section 5.1, rather, it involved comparison directly to a human blood serum NOAEL derived by ToxConsult and published NOAEL or LOAEL derived from animal experiments. Therefore the previous conclusion based on this approach to risk characterisation would not be directly affected by the adoption of the FSANZ TDI in the HHRA.



11

7.0 Conclusions The overall outcome of adopting more conservative (i.e. lower) FSANZ TDI in this sensitivity assessment is an increase in the estimated HI for each pathway/ scenario modelled.

7.1 Use of Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply

The previous conclusion of potential for intake via this pathway to exceed the TDI would remain unchanged. Potential PFAS exposure from consumption of groundwater used for drinking water supply is estimated to be more than ten times greater than PFAS exposure from all other pathways combined. An example of these relative HI values is depicted in Figure 1 for Residents in Groundwater Zone 1 - Typical exposure scenario.

Figure 1 Comparison of HI for Residents in Groundwater Zone 1 - Typical exposure scenario

This exposure pathway was historically complete, but is currently being managed through a precautionary recommendation from Defence not to drink the groundwater within the IA, and provision of water assistance to residents on a case-by-case basis. Therefore, it was not included when modelling the scenarios discussed below in either the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report or this sensitivity assessment.

The previous precautionary recommendation, suggested by the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, to not use groundwater for drinking water supply within the IA (including water used for cooking) remains appropriate if the FSANZ TDI are adopted. No additional recommendations would therefore be suggested regarding use of groundwater for drinking purposes.

7.2 Exposure Scenarios Excluding Use of Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply

The potential influence of the adoption of the FSANZ TDI on the outcomes of the AECOM (2016) HHRA is summarised in Table 2.

Receptors for whom adoption of the FSANZ TDI did not change the conclusion of the AECOM (2016) HHRA that risks to health were low and acceptable, are summarised in Section 7.2.1.

Where the total HI for a particular exposure scenario and receptor following adoption of the FSANZ TDI exceeded the target value of 1, a review was undertaken of the individual pathways that contributed to this risk estimate. Individual pathways with an HI of greater than 0.5 are considered to have the greatest potential to result in elevated PFAS exposure. These receptors and exposure pathways are discussed in more detail in the Sections 7.2.2 to 7.2.5.



12

Table 2 Summary of potential changes to the AECOM (2016) HHRA conclusions based on HI calculated using FSANZ TDI

Scenario

Adult/ Child HI based on FSANZ TDI (excluding drinking groundwater)

Risk Description *

Change to AECOM (2016) HHRA Conclusion?

Resident, Groundwater Zone 1 – Typical exposure scenario

0.3 / 0.8 Low and acceptable

No change

Resident, Groundwater Zone 1 – Upper exposure scenario

2.6 / 8.3 Elevated No change to overall conclusion, but additional pathways identified with potential for elevated PFAS exposure – refer to Section 7.2.3

Resident, Groundwater Zone 2 – Typical exposure scenario

0.7 / 2.5 Elevated Yes – refer to discussion of risk-driving pathways in Section 7.2.2

Resident, Groundwater Zone 2 – Upper exposure scenario

8.5 / 25 Elevated No change to overall conclusion, but additional pathways identified with potential for elevated PFAS exposure – refer to Section 7.2.3

Commercial agriculture worker, Groundwater Zone 1 – Typical exposure scenario


No change

Commercial agriculture worker, Groundwater Zone 1 – Upper exposure scenario

0.6 / 1.1 Elevated Yes - refer to discussion of risk-driving pathways in Section 7.2.4

Commercial agriculture worker, Groundwater Zone 2 – Typical exposure scenario

0.01 / - Low and acceptable

No change

Commercial agriculture worker, Groundwater Zone 2 – Upper exposure scenario


No change

Recreational users of local waterways– Typical exposure scenario


No change

Recreational users of local waterways– Upper exposure scenario

0.4 / 1.0 Elevated Yes - refer to discussion of risk-driving pathways in Section 7.2.5

On-Site personnel– Typical exposure scenario


No change

On-Site personnel– Upper exposure scenario


No change

* An HI less than a target value of 1 is considered to indicate that cumulative PFAS intakes via identified pathways are

unlikely to exceed the relevant TDI and therefore risk to health is termed “low and acceptable”. Where the cumulative

PFAS intakes via identified pathways have the potential to exceed the relevant TDI, the risk is described as “elevated”.

- No child receptor identified for this scenario.



13

7.2.1 No change to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report “Low and Acceptable” Risk Outcome

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted, there would be no change to the outcomes of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, that there is a low and acceptable risk for the following receptor groups based on typical exposure scenarios:

Residents in Groundwater Zone 1

Commercial agriculture worker (and their family) in Groundwater Zone 1

Commercial agriculture worker in Groundwater Zone 2

Recreational users of local waterways

On-site personnel

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted, there would be no change to the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report outcomes that there is a low and acceptable risk to the following receptor groups based on upper range exposure scenarios:

Commercial agriculture worker in Groundwater Zone 2

On-site personnel

7.2.2 Residents in Groundwater Zone 2 - Typical exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) - changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted, there would be a change to the conclusion of the AECOM (2016) HHRA to indicate a potential for elevated health risk to residents in Groundwater Zone 2 (previously concluded to have a low and acceptable risk). The primary pathways associated with this elevated PFAS exposure are:

Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing

Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools/ paddling pools

It is suggested that the previous precautionary recommendation to avoid or minimise the use of groundwater containing detectable concentrations of PFAS in Groundwater Zone 2 for showering/bathing, for sprinkler play or to fill swimming pools or paddling pools remains appropriate. As depicted in Figure 2, excluding the pathways which are subject to existing precautionary recommendations, the HI would not exceed the target value of 1 and therefore the risk to residents would be considered to be low and acceptable.

No additional recommendations are therefore considered to be required regarding use of groundwater to minimise typical PFAS exposure in Groundwater Zone 2.



14

Figure 2 HI breakdown by exposure pathway for Residents in Groundwater Zone 2 - Typical exposure scenario

(excluding drinking groundwater) based on FSANZ TDI

7.2.3 Residents in Groundwater Zone 1 and Zone 2 - Upper exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) – no changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted, there would be no change to the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report outcomes that there is a potential for elevated health risk for the following receptor groups based on upper range exposure scenarios:



Consistent with the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, the pathways contributing most significantly to the elevated PFAS exposure for these scenarios are:

Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing

Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools/ paddling pools

Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in sprinkler play.

Ingestion of home grown eggs.

The relative contributions of these pathways to the total estimated HI are depicted in Figure 3 for Groundwater Zone 1 and Figure 4 for Groundwater Zone 2. Based on the outcomes of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, these pathways are currently subject to precautionary recommendations, which remain relevant if the FSANZ TDI were adopted.



15

Figure 3 HI breakdown by exposure pathway for Residents in Groundwater Zone1 – Upper range exposure scenario

(excluding drinking groundwater) FSANZ TDI

Figure 4 HI breakdown by exposure pathway for Residents in Groundwater Zone 2 – Upper range exposure scenario

(excluding drinking groundwater) FSANZ TDI

A further breakdown of the HI for pathways not currently subject to precautionary recommendations (shown on Figure 3 and Figure 4 as All other pathways combined) has been prepared to assist with identifying exposure pathways that may require further more detailed evaluation to reduce uncertainties and/or that may require consideration of additional precautionary recommendations.

Excluding the pathways currently subject to precautionary recommendations, the HI for the sum of all other pathways for children (HI = 1.2) in Groundwater Zone 1 exceeds the target value of 1. The HI for adults (HI = 0.65) does not exceed the target value of 1. The relative contributions of selected pathways to these total HI values are depicted in Figure 5.



16

Figure 5 HI breakdown for pathways not currently subject to precautionary recommendations – Residents in

Groundwater Zone 1, Upper Exposure scenario

Excluding the pathways currently subject to precautionary recommendations, the HI for the sum of all other pathways for both adults (HI = 1.95) and children (HI = 2.5) in Groundwater Zone 2 exceed the target value of 1. The relative contributions of selected pathways to these total HI values are depicted in Figure 6.

Figure 6 HI breakdown for pathways not currently subject to precautionary recommendations – Residents in

Groundwater Zone 2, Upper Exposure scenario

It is noted that the adoption of the more conservative FSANZ TDI results in three additional pathways being identified as having pathway-specific HI of greater than 0.5 and therefore having a greater potential to contribute to elevated PFAS exposure. These additional pathways are:

Ingestion of home grown vegetables

Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors

Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing companion animals.



17

It is important to note that none of these three additional pathways has been identified to individually result in estimated intakes greater than the TDI. However, under circumstances where many pathways occur together at upper range exposures, there is the potential for the TDI to be exceeded.

The risk estimate for ingestion of home grown vegetables is based on an assumption that a child consumes 76 g vegetables per day, 365 days per year (equivalent to seven standard servings per week), 50% of which is sourced from plants exposed to PFAS within the IA. These assumptions are considered conservative and unlikely to be representative of exposure by the general community. Further, the EPC for this scenario were based on analytical results from an initial sampling event that was targeted to potential areas of greater PFAS impact. As a result this may over-estimate typical exposure in the HHRA. Additional environmental investigations are currently being completed in order to assess this, and other, uncertainties.

AECOM has conducted a review of the risk estimate for incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors or companion animals. This review identified that the approach previously recommended by ToxConsult over-estimates potential PFAS exposure by a factor of between 2 and 25 compared to current guidance from the USEPA (2012) on the assessment of these pathways. These modelling assumptions will therefore be revised in the HHRA update to be completed in 2017.

7.2.4 Commercial Agriculture Workers in Groundwater Zone 1 - Upper exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) - changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted, there would be a change to the conclusion of the AECOM (2016) HHRA to indicate a potential for elevated health risk to commercial agriculture workers (and their family consuming farm produce grown at the place of work) in Groundwater Zone 1 (previously concluded to have a low and acceptable risk). The relative contributions of selected pathways to the total HI value are depicted in Figure 7.

Figure 7 HI breakdown – Commercial Agriculture Workers (and family consuming farm produce) in Groundwater

Zone 1, Upper Exposure scenario

The primary pathway associated with this elevated PFAS exposure is:

Consumption of red meat from cattle/ sheep.

The revised risk estimate for this pathway only marginally exceeds the target HI (an estimate of 1.09 compared to a target value of 1) and would therefore warrant further evaluation as to the representativeness of the adopted input parameters.

This risk estimate is based on an assumption that a child consumes 29 g red meat per day, 365 days per year (equivalent to two standard servings per week), 50% of which is sourced from animals exposed to PFAS within the IA. These assumptions are considered conservative and unlikely to be representative of exposure by the general community. Further, the EPC for this scenario were based



18

on analytical results from an initial sampling event that was targeted to potential areas of greater PFAS impact. As a result, this may over-estimate typical exposure in the HHRA.

7.2.5 Recreational Users of Local Waterways - Upper exposure scenario (excluding drinking water) – changes to AECOM (2016) HHRA Report Risk Outcomes

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted, there would be a change to the conclusion of the AECOM (2016) HHRA to indicate a potential for elevated health risk to recreational users of local waterways (previously concluded to have a low and acceptable risk). The relative contributions of selected pathways to the total HI value are depicted in Figure 8.

Figure 8 HI breakdown – Recreational users of local waterways, Upper Exposure scenario

The primary pathway associated with this elevated PFAS exposure is:

Ingestion of fish from local waterways.

The revised risk estimate for this scenario only marginally exceeds the target HI (an estimate of 1.04 compared to a target value of 1) and would therefore warrant further evaluation as to the representativeness of the adopted input parameters.

This risk estimate is based on an assumption that a child consumes 16.4 g fish per day, 365 days per year (equivalent to one standard serving per week), 20% of which is sourced from fish exposed to PFAS in surface water within the IA. These assumptions are considered conservative and unlikely to be representative of exposure by the general community. Further, the EPC for this scenario were based on analytical results from an initial sampling event that was targeted to potential areas of greater PFAS impact. As a result, this may over-estimate typical exposure in the HHRA. Environmental investigations are currently being completed in order to assess this uncertainty in the typical PFAS exposure through the ingestion of fish and other uncertainties.

7.2.6 Infant Intakes via Breast Milk

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted, there would be a change in conclusion of the AECOM (2016) HHRA to indicate that a time weighted daily intake for a 0-6 year period including infant intakes via breast milk (based on typical exposure parameters) could exceed the TDI in both Zones of the IA.

It is noted that the infant intakes via breastmilk were estimated based on measured blood serum concentrations from the Oakey cohort (Heffernan, 2015), as described in Appendix H of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report. The blood serum data set published for the Oakey cohort by Heffernan (2015) is limited in that it does not provide the age or gender of the individuals in the cohort. As discussed in Section 5.1.4 of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report, it was conservatively assumed that the typical female blood serum concentration was equal to the 95% upper confidence limit (UCL) of the mean concentration reported for the Oakey cohort (Heffernan, 2015). To further refine this aspect of the



19

HHRA it would be necessary to confirm whether the assumed blood serum concentrations are representative of females of child-bearing age.

It is noted that the enHealth (2016b) Guidance Statements on Perfluorinated Chemicals states that “the significant health benefits of breast feeding are well established and far outweigh any potential health risks to an infant from any PFOS or PFOA transferred through breast milk”. Similar statements have also been made by other international authorities, including the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 2016), State of New Jersey Department of Health (2015) and Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (2015). The Queensland Health “Breastfeeding: Best for baby and for Mum” factsheet states that in addition to providing optimal nutrition for infants, breast feeding reduces the risk of infections and diseases such as urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections (e.g. diarrhoea), respiratory illnesses (e.g. asthma), some childhood cancers, obesity, diabetes and heart disease later in life.

7.3 Summary

A summary of how the adoption of the FSANZ TDI would affect the outcomes and recommendations of the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report is presented in Table 3 to Table 6.

It is important to note that while this sensitivity assessment has identified additional pathways (relative to those identified by the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report) with potential elevated risk, the EPC on which these calculations are based were typically based on analytical results from an initial sampling event that was targeted to potential areas of greater PFAS impact. As a result this may over-estimate exposure in the HHRA.

It is also noted that the adoption of the FSANZ TDI would not directly affect the conclusion of the AECOM (2016) HHRA that measured PFOS and PFOA concentrations in blood of 75 people from Oakey do not indicate that adverse health effects are likely to occur. Precautionary recommendations to minimise PFAS exposure may however be considered on the basis of the following:

PFAS concentrations measured in blood of people living in Oakey are elevated above typical background concentrations for people in Australia. Minimising future PFAS exposure by observing precautionary recommendations will result in blood PFAS concentrations declining over time.

Based on modelling, there are theoretical scenarios where PFAS exposures associated with a limited number of pathways may be elevated and when considered cumulatively may result in PFAS intakes greater than the TDI. Precautionary recommendations related to these pathways aim to minimise the potential for those theoretical elevated PFAS exposure scenarios to occur.

Additional environmental investigations are currently being completed in order to assess data gaps identified by the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report (among other things). These investigations include additional groundwater, surface water, sediment, soil and biota sampling. The results of these ongoing investigations will be used by AECOM to refine the CSM, address data gaps identified by the AECOM (2016) HHRA Report and prepare an updated HHRA Report in the second half of 2017.



20

Table 3 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for Residents based on FSANZ TDI

Exposure Pathway

Potential PFAS Exposures – Zone 1

Potential PFAS Exposures – Zone 2 Suggested precautions if the FSANZ

TDI were adopted in the HHRA Upper Typical Upper Typical

Groundwater

Ingestion of groundwater Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Continue not to drink groundwater within the IA

(consistent with AECOM (2016) HHRA Report)

Incidental ingestion of groundwater as a result of indoor domestic

use (excluding drinking groundwater) and outdoor domestic use

Elevated

(previously low

& acceptable)

Low &

Acceptable

Elevated Elevated

(previously low &

acceptable)

Avoid or minimise the use of groundwater for:

showering and bathing; filling swimming pools

and children’s wading pools; and sprinkler play (consistent with AECOM (2016) HHRA Report)

1

Dermal contact with groundwater as a result of indoor domestic

use (excluding drinking groundwater) and outdoor domestic use

Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable None Advised

Soil

Incidental ingestion of soil as a result of outdoor activities Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &


Dermal contact with soil as a result of outdoor activities Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &


Inhalation of dust as a result of outdoor activities or dust tracked

back into the home

Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &


Locally sourced food

Consumption of fruit and vegetables irrigated with water

containing detectable PFAS or grown in soil that has been irrigated

with water containing detectable PFAS

Elevated

(previously low

& acceptable)

Low &

Acceptable Elevated

(previously low

& acceptable)

Low &

Acceptable If the FSANZ TDI were adopted in the HHRA it

may warrant an additional precautionary

recommendation to minimise consumption of

vegetables irrigated using water with detectable

PFAS concentrations, until additional data can be

collected to further characterise potential

exposure via this pathway.

1 It is noted that the risk estimate for incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors or companion animals is based on modelling approaches and assumptions which are likely to result in an overestimation of potential risk and should be reviewed prior to making any additional recommendations regarding this pathway.



21

Exposure Pathway


Potential PFAS Exposures – Zone 2 Suggested precautions if the FSANZ

TDI were adopted in the HHRA Upper Typical Upper Typical

Consumption of meat from sheep or cattle that have consumed

water containing detectable PFAS and/or consumed plants that have

accumulated PFAS from irrigation water

Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable

None Advised

Consumption of milk from cattle that have consumed water

containing detectable PFAS and/or consumed plants that have


Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable

None Advised

Consumption of eggs from chickens that have consumed water

containing detectable PFAS and/or consumed plants that have


Elevated Low &

Acceptable Elevated Low &

Acceptable

Restrict consumption of eggs from backyard

chickens exposed to water containing detectable

PFAS, until additional data can be collected to

further characterise PFAS concentrations in eggs

at a range of groundwater PFAS concentrations

in both Zone 1 and Zone 2 (consistent with

AECOM (2016) HHRA Report)



22

Table 4 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for Commercial Agriculture Workers and Subsistence Farmers based on FSANZ TDI

Exposure Pathway


Potential PFAS Exposures – Zone 2 Suggested precautions if the FSANZ TDI were

adopted in the HHRA Upper Typical Upper Typical

Groundwater

Incidental ingestion of groundwater as a result of

outdoor commercial agriculture use

Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable

Low &

Acceptable

None Advised

Dermal contact with groundwater as a result of

outdoor commercial agriculture use

Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &


Soil

Incidental ingestion of soil as a result of outdoor

activities

Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &


Dermal contact with soil as a result of outdoor

activities

Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &


Inhalation of dust as a result of outdoor activities Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &

Acceptable Low &



Consumption of meat from sheep or cattle that have

consumed water containing detectable PFAS and/or

consumed plants that have accumulated PFAS from

irrigation water

Elevated

(previously low

& acceptable)

Low &

Acceptable

Not a

Complete

Pathway

Not a

Complete

Pathway

If the FSANZ TDI were adopted in the HHRA it may warrant an

additional precautionary recommendation to minimise

consumption of meat from cattle/ sheep that drink water with

detectable PFAS concentrations, until additional data can be

collected to further characterise potential exposure via this

pathway. For example, diversifying the sources of meat in the

diet could reduce overall PFAS exposure.

The AECOM (2016) HHRA did not identify livestock that are

commercially raised for meat production in association with the

groundwater bores that have been sampled within Zone 2.

However, because PFAS concentrations are typically greater

in groundwater from Zone 2 compared to Zone 1, the above

precautionary recommendation should be considered in both

Zone 1 and Zone 2.



23

Table 5 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for Recreational Receptors based on FSANZ TDI

Exposure Pathway

Potential PFAS Exposures – Investigation Area Suggested precautions if the FSANZ TDI were

adopted in the HHRA Upper Typical

Surface Water

Incidental ingestion of surface water as a result of outdoor

activities

Low & Acceptable Low & Acceptable None Advised

Dermal contact with surface water as a result of outdoor

activities


Soil and Sediment

Incidental ingestion of soil and sediment as a result of outdoor

activities


Dermal contact with soil and sediment as a result of outdoor

activities


Inhalation of dust as a result of outdoor activities Low & Acceptable Low & Acceptable None Advised


Consumption of fish from local waterways by recreational

fishers

Elevated

(previously low &

acceptable)

Low & Acceptable If the FSANZ TDI were adopted in the HHRA it may warrant an

additional precautionary recommendation to minimise consumption

of fish from local waterways, until additional data can be collected to

further characterise potential exposure via this pathway.



24

Table 6 Summary of HHRA Conclusions for On-Site Employees based on FSANZ TDI

Exposure Pathway Potential PFAS Exposures – On-Site Suggested precautions if the FSANZ TDI were

adopted in the HHRA Upper Typical

Soil

Incidental ingestion of soil as a result of outdoor activities Low & Acceptable Low & Acceptable None Advised

Dermal contact with soil as a result of outdoor activities Low & Acceptable Low & Acceptable None Advised

Inhalation of dust as a result of outdoor activities or dust tracked

back into the workplace




25

8.0 References AECOM, 2016. Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment. Army Aviation Centre Oakey (AACO), Oakey QLD. 1 September 2016.

ATSDR, 2016. Public Health Review of PFCs in Drinking Water Former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster PA.

EFSA, 2008. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and their salts. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. European Food Safety Authority. Question No EFSA-Q-2004-163. EFSA Journal 653: 1-131. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/653.pdf.

enHealth, 2016a. enHealth Statement: Interim national guidance on human health reference values for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances for use in site investigations in Australia

enHealth, 2016b. Guidance Statements on Perfluorinated Chemicals. Environmental Health Standing Committee (enHealth), endorsed by the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee on 15 March 2016.

Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) Hazard assessment report – Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)

Heffernan, 2015. Report for Sullivan Nicolaides pathology: Analysis of polyfluoroalkyl substances in serum. Amy L Heffernan. PhD, MRACI, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 31 August 2015.

Klaunig, J. E., Shinohara, M., Iwai, H., Chengelis, C. P., Kirkpatrick, J. B., Wang, Z. and Bruner, R. H., 2015. Evaluation of the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicologic Pathology. 43: 209-220.

Lau, C., Thibodeaux, J. R., Hanson, R. G., Narotsky, M. G., Rogers, J. M., Lindstrom, A. B. and Strynar, M. J., 2006. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure during pregnancy in the mouse. Toxicological Sciences. 90: 510-518.

Luebker, D.J., K.J. Hansen, N.M. Bass, J.L. Butenhoff, and A.M. Seacat. 2002. Interactions of fluorochemicals with rat liver fatty acid-binding protein. Toxicology 176: 175–185.

Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 2015. Fact Sheet on PFOS in Drinking Water: Questions and Answers.

New Jersey Department of Health, 2015. Drinking Water Facts: Perfluorinated Chemicals in Public Water Systems.

ToxConsult, 2016. Toxicity profiles for the perfluorinated compounds PFHxS and PFHxA. Prepared for AECOM Australia Pty Ltd. ToxConsult document ToxCR290316-Td3. 25th May 2016.

USEPA (2001) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessment.

AECOM

Army Aviation Centre Oakey Addendum to Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment – Sensitivity Assessment of HHRA Outcomes to Food Standards Australia New Zealand Tolerable Daily Intake

31-Mar-2017 Prepared for – Department of Defence – ABN: 68 706 814 312

Appendix A Hazard Indices

Appendix A: HHRA Sensitivity Assessment - Summary of Hazard Indices

Client Name: Department of DefenceProject Name: Army Aviation Centre Oakey (AACO)

Project No: 60438981

Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child

Groundwater Zone 1

Residential 0.03 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.3 1.0 2.6 8.3

Commercial agriculture worker * 0.01 0.03 0.1 0.2 0.07 0.1 0.6 1.1

Groundwater Zone 2

Residential 0.08 0.3 0.7 2.5 1.1 3.2 8.5 25

Commercial agriculture worker * 0.002 - 0.01 - 0.08 - 0.6 -

Entire IA

Recreational users of local waterways 0.005 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.1 0.4 1.0

On-Site personnel 0.0002 - 0.002 - 0.0003 - 0.002 -

HI – Typical exposure parameters HI – Upper range exposure parameters

ReceptorToxConsult (2016) Recommended TDI

ToxConsult (2016) Recommended TDI

FSANZ TDI FSANZ TDI

AECOM

Army Aviation Centre Oakey Addendum to Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment – Sensitivity Assessment of HHRA Outcomes to Food Standards Australia New Zealand Tolerable Daily Intake

31-Mar-2017 Prepared for – Department of Defence – ABN: 68 706 814 312

Appendix B HHRA Calculations


Appendix B1 Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Chemicals for Quantitative Assessment:

Groundwater (mg/L)

Cattle Blood Serum (mg/L)

Cattle Meat (mg/kg)

Livestock Milk (mg/L)

Egg (mg/kg)Green

Vegetables (mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.00706 0.19 modelled 0.0011 0.025 0.003Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00081 0.0007 modelled - - -Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.00454 0.06 modelled - 0.004 0.001Scenario: Appendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.0015 - modelled - - -

Enter "x" in box for potentially complete pathwaysSoil Pathways

x Incidental ingestion of soil

x Dermal contact with soil

x Inhalation of surface soil-derived dust in indoor air

x Inhalation of surface soil-derived dust in outdoor air

Inhalation of surface soil-derived vapours in outdoor air

Inhalation of soil-derived vapours from excavation (USEPA 2002 method)

Inhalation of subsurface soil-derived vapours in indoor air

Inhalation of subsurface soil-derived vapours in outdoor air

Incidental ingestion of lead in soil (Adult Lead Model)

Inhalation of lead in soil/dust indoors (Adult Lead Model)

Inhalation of lead in dust outdoors (Adult Lead Model)

Groundwater Pathwaysx Ingestion of potable groundwater

Inhalation of groundwater-derived vapours in indoor air

Inhalation of groundwater-derived vapours in outdoor air

Inhalation of groundwater vapours during irrigation/ showering

Inhalation of vapour emissions from groundwater seepage in an excavation

Inhalation of vapour emissions from groundwater seepage in a basement

Incidental ingestion of groundwater seepage in an excavation

Dermal contact with groundwater seepage in an excavation

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing

x Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup

x Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry

x Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry

x Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning

x Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors

x Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floors

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play

x Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animalsx Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animalsx Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing animals

x Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles

x Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation

x Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools

x Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools

Soil Vapour PathwaysInhalation of soil vapour-derived vapours in indoor air

Inhalation of soil vapour-derived vapours in outdoor air

Sediment PathwaysIncidental ingestion of sediment

Dermal contact with sediment

Surface Water PathwaysIncidental ingestion of surface water during fishing

Dermal contact with surface water during fishing

Incidental ingestion of surface water during boating

Dermal contact with surface water during boating

Incidental ingestion of surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers

Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers

Incidental ingestion of surface water during irrigation

Dermal contact with surface water during irrigation

Dietary Pathwaysx Ingestion of home grown eggs

Ingestion of fish

x Ingestion of beef

x Ingestion of milk from livestock

x Ingestion of home grown green vegetables

Ingestion of home grown fruit

N Soil RBSLs saturation limited?

N Groundwater RBSLs solubility limited?

General Information:

Soil (mg/kg)

Exposure Point Concentrations

Receptor:Residential (with soil access)Exposure Assumptions:Average Exposure

Exposure Pathways Assessed:

Calculation of Surface Loading on Floors Following CleaningArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, Queensland

Appendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Volume of residual water on floor after cleaning L

Floor Area m2

Chemical Concentration in

Water (C)

Surface loading factor

Surface loading on

floor

mg/L L/cm2 mg/cm2

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 1.25E-05 8.83E-08Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 1.25E-05 1.01E-08Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 1.25E-05 5.68E-08Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 1.25E-05 1.88E-08

Chemical

10.0

1.25

Calculation of Concentrations in Cattle Meat (Steer) Based on Measured Blood Serum ConcentrationsArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Exposure Parameter Unit Value

Blood serum density L/kg 9.71E-01

Measured Concentration in

Blood Serum (Cserum/plasma)

Cattle Empirical Muscle Tissue /

Serum Ratio (TSR)

Concentration in Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef Steer) (Ctissue)

mg/L Unitless mg/kg

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 1.90E-01 1.00E-01 1.8E-02Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 7.00E-04 1.00E-01 6.8E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 6.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.9E-03Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - -

Chemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background Corrected)

Adult Intake Factor (threshold)

Adult Intake (threshold)

Hazard Index (Adult)

Child Intake Factor (threshold)

Child Intake (threshold)

Hazard Index (Child)

(mg/kg) (unitless) (mg/kg/day) (kg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (kg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 6.41E-07 8.33E-08 4.48E-03 2.94E-06 3.82E-07 2.06E-02Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 6.41E-07 8.97E-10 5.64E-06 2.94E-06 4.12E-09 2.59E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 6.41E-07 8.33E-09 4.17E-04 2.94E-06 3.82E-08 1.91E-03Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 1.00E+00 1.00E-01 6.41E-07 1.03E-09 1.03E-08 2.94E-06 4.71E-09 4.71E-08

TOTAL 4.90E-03 2.25E-02

Threshold Intake and Risk CalculationsSoil

ConcentrationChemicalOral Soil Bioavailability

Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Dermal RfD (Background Corrected)

Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)




Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.0005 1.86E-05 2.53E-08 3.29E-09 1.77E-04 3.18E-08 4.13E-09 2.22E-04Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.0005 1.59E-04 2.53E-08 3.54E-11 2.23E-07 3.18E-08 4.45E-11 2.79E-07Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.0005 2.00E-05 2.53E-08 3.29E-10 1.65E-05 3.18E-08 4.13E-10 2.06E-05Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.0005 1.00E-01 2.53E-08 4.05E-11 4.05E-10 3.18E-08 5.08E-11 5.08E-10

TOTAL 1.94E-04 2.43E-04


ConcentrationChemical

Dermal Absorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Indoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Inhalation RfC (Background Corrected)

Adult Exposure Factor (threshold)

Adult Exposure Adjusted Air

Concentration (threshold)


Child Exposure Factor (threshold)

Child Exposure Adjusted Air



(mg/kg) (m3/kg) (mg/m3) (kg/m3) (mg/m3) (unitless) (kg/m3) (mg/m3) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 3.85E-08 7.00E-05 6.01E-09 7.81E-10 1.12E-05 4.81E-09 6.25E-10 8.93E-06Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 3.85E-08 5.60E-04 6.01E-09 8.41E-12 1.50E-08 4.81E-09 6.73E-12 1.20E-08Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 3.85E-08 7.00E-05 6.01E-09 7.81E-11 1.12E-06 4.81E-09 6.25E-11 8.93E-07Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 3.85E-08 3.50E-01 6.01E-09 9.62E-12 2.75E-11 4.81E-09 7.69E-12 2.20E-11

TOTAL 1.23E-05 9.83E-06

Threshold Intake and Risk Calculations

Soil ConcentrationChemical

Particulate Concentration in Indoor Air (From

Surface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult Exposure Factor

(threshold)










TOTAL 3.31E-09 2.20E-09



Particulate Concentration in

Outdoor Air (From Surface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Potable Groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G1)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD (Background Corrected)







(mg/L) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 1.86E-05 2.56E-02 1.81E-04 9.73E+00 2.35E-02 1.66E-04 8.93E+00Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 1.59E-04 2.56E-02 2.08E-05 1.30E-01 2.35E-02 1.91E-05 1.20E-01Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 2.00E-05 2.56E-02 1.16E-04 5.82E+00 2.35E-02 1.07E-04 5.34E+00Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 1.00E-01 2.56E-02 3.85E-05 3.85E-04 2.35E-02 3.53E-05 3.53E-04

TOTAL 1.57E+01 1.44E+01


Groundwater ConcentrationChemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 1.86E-05 2.14E-05 1.51E-07 8.11E-03 1.96E-04 1.38E-06 7.44E-02Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 1.59E-04 2.14E-05 1.73E-08 1.09E-04 1.96E-04 1.59E-07 9.98E-04Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 2.00E-05 2.14E-05 9.70E-08 4.85E-03 1.96E-04 8.90E-07 4.45E-02Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 1.00E-01 2.14E-05 3.21E-08 3.21E-07 1.96E-04 2.94E-07 2.94E-06

TOTAL 1.31E-02 1.20E-01

ChemicalGroundwater Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario








(mg/L) (cm/hr) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)


TOTAL 2.51E-05 3.36E-05


Dermal Permeability Constant (kp)


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario





(mg/L) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 1.86E-05 1.54E-05 1.09E-07 5.84E-03Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 1.59E-04 1.54E-05 1.25E-08 7.83E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 2.00E-05 1.54E-05 6.98E-08 3.49E-03Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 1.00E-01 1.54E-05 2.31E-08 2.31E-07

TOTAL 9.41E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario





(mg/L) (cm/hr) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 0.000001 1.86E-05 1.48E-08 1.04E-10 5.61E-06Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 0.000001 1.59E-04 1.48E-08 1.20E-11 7.51E-08Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 0.000001 2.00E-05 1.48E-08 6.71E-11 3.35E-06Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 0.000001 1.00E-01 1.48E-08 2.22E-11 2.22E-10

TOTAL 9.03E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.01E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 9.65E-07




Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with residues in clothes after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)







(mg/L) (unitless) (mL/m2) (unitless) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 0.0005 4.50E+01 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 5.85E-07 4.13E-09 2.22E-04 1.50E-06 1.06E-08 5.68E-04Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 0.0005 4.50E+01 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 5.85E-07 4.74E-10 2.97E-06 1.50E-06 1.21E-09 7.61E-06Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 0.0005 4.50E+01 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 5.85E-07 2.65E-09 1.33E-04 1.50E-06 6.79E-09 3.39E-04Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 0.0005 4.50E+01 1.00E+00 1.00E-01 5.85E-07 8.77E-10 8.77E-09 1.50E-06 2.24E-09 2.24E-08

TOTAL 3.58E-04 9.15E-04

Fraction transferred to skinChemical


Water

Dermal Absorption factor

Amount of water left in garment


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 6.14E-04 2.82E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 5.90E-07 7.24E-07




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Floors After Cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G22)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario





(mg/L) (L/cm2) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 1.25E-05 1.86E-05 3.02E-05 2.13E-07 1.15E-02Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 1.25E-05 1.59E-04 3.02E-05 2.44E-08 1.53E-04Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 1.25E-05 2.00E-05 3.02E-05 1.37E-07 6.85E-03Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 1.25E-05 1.00E-01 3.02E-05 4.53E-08 4.53E-07

TOTAL 1.85E-02

Chemical


WaterSurface loading factor


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with residues on floors after cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G22)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario





(mg/L) (unitless) (L/cm2) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 0.0005 1.25E-05 1.86E-05 7.33E-07 5.18E-09 2.78E-04Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 0.0005 1.25E-05 1.59E-04 7.33E-07 5.94E-10 3.73E-06Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 0.0005 1.25E-05 2.00E-05 7.33E-07 3.33E-09 1.66E-04Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 0.0005 1.25E-05 1.00E-01 7.33E-07 1.10E-09 1.10E-08

TOTAL 4.49E-04

Chemical

Chemical Concentration

in Water


Threshold Intake and Risk CalculationsDermal

Absorption factor

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 3.12E-03 5.72E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 5.98E-06 1.60E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.23E-03 9.40E-04



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 3.44E-06 6.76E-07




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Animals after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G23)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Water left on dog after washing 0.00007 L/cm2

Body weight of dog 23 kg

Surface area of dog 8443 cm2

Fraction of residue transferred to hands 0.04 unitless

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)







(mg/L) L/cm2 (unitless) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 4.49E-05 3.17E-07 1.70E-02 9.53E-06 6.73E-08 3.62E-03Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 4.49E-05 3.64E-08 2.28E-04 9.53E-06 7.72E-09 4.85E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 4.49E-05 2.04E-07 1.02E-02 9.53E-06 4.33E-08 2.16E-03Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 1.00E-01 4.49E-05 6.74E-08 6.74E-07 9.53E-06 1.43E-08 1.43E-07

TOTAL 2.75E-02 5.83E-03

Chemical


Water

Hand residue loading factor

Threshold Intake and Risk CalculationsOral Bioavailability

Factor



Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)



(mg/L) (unitless) (L/cm2) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.00706 0.0005 7.00E-05 1.86E-05 1.80E-06 1.27E-08 6.82E-04 5.76E-06 4.07E-08 2.19E-03Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00081 0.0005 7.00E-05 1.59E-04 1.80E-06 1.46E-09 9.14E-06 5.76E-06 4.67E-09 2.93E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.00454 0.0005 7.00E-05 2.00E-05 1.80E-06 8.16E-09 4.08E-04 5.76E-06 2.62E-08 1.31E-03Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0015 0.0005 7.00E-05 1.00E-01 1.80E-06 2.70E-09 2.70E-08 5.76E-06 8.65E-09 8.65E-08

TOTAL 1.10E-03 3.53E-03

Chemical


Water

Dermal Absorption

factor

Water left on dog after washing


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 6.14E-04



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.72E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.92E-03 2.51E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.38E-05 1.80E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.40E-02 1.14E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.34E-05 1.60E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Eggs (refer to equations in Appendix G21)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario








(mg/kg) (mg/kg/day) (kg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (kg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.025 1.86E-05 6.60E-05 1.65E-06 8.87E-02 1.51E-04 3.77E-06 2.03E-01Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) - - - - - - - -Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.004 2.00E-05 6.60E-05 2.64E-07 1.32E-02 1.51E-04 6.04E-07 3.02E-02Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 1.02E-01 2.33E-01

ChemicalEgg Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef) (refer to equations in Appendix G20)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.018446602 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 1.85E-05 3.41E-07 1.83E-02 4.21E-05 7.76E-07 4.17E-02Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 6.79612E-05 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 1.85E-05 1.25E-09 7.88E-06 4.21E-05 2.86E-09 1.80E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.002912621 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 1.85E-05 5.38E-08 2.69E-03 4.21E-05 1.23E-07 6.13E-03Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 2.10E-02 4.79E-02

Chemical

Concentration in Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef

Steer)


Oral Bioavailability

Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Livestock Milk (refer to equations in Appendix G19)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)






(mg/L) (unitless) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0011 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 9.87E-05 1.09E-07 5.84E-03 8.95E-04 9.85E-07 5.29E-02Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) - - - - - - - - -Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) - - - - - - - - -Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 5.84E-03 5.29E-02

ChemicalLivestock Milk Concentration

Oral Bioavailability Factor


Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Vegetables (refer to equations in Appendix G17)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario








(mg/kg) (mg/kg/day) (kg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)


TOTAL 4.41E-02 8.33E-02

ChemicalVegetable

Concentration


Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B1: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Adult Exposure Childhood Exposure

SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental Ingestion of Soil 4.9E-03 2.2E-02Dermal Contact with Soil 1.9E-04 2.4E-04Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Indoor Air 1.2E-05 9.8E-06Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Outdoor Air 3.3E-09 2.2E-09Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours from Excavation - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -

SEDIMENT EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental ingestion of sediment - -Dermal contact with sediment - -

GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of Potable Groundwater 1.6E+01 1.4E+01Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater Vapours (Where GW Enters Trench) - -Inhalation of Groundwater Derived Vapours from Shower/ Irrigation - -Vapours from Flowing Water - -Incidental Ingestion of Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Dermal Contact with Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing 1.3E-02 1.2E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 9.4E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry 1.0E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning 6.1E-04 2.8E-03Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play 3.1E-03 5.7E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals 1.2E-03 9.4E-04Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles 6.1E-04 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation 4.9E-03 2.5E-03Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools 1.4E-02 1.1E-01Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing 2.5E-05 3.4E-05Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 9.0E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry 9.7E-07 -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes 3.6E-04 9.1E-04Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning 5.9E-07 7.2E-07Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors - 1.8E-02Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floors - 4.5E-04Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play 6.0E-06 1.6E-05Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals 3.4E-06 6.8E-07Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles 1.7E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation 1.4E-05 1.8E-06Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals 1.1E-03 3.5E-03Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing companion animals 2.7E-02 5.8E-03Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools 1.3E-05 1.6E-05

SURFACE WATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental ingestion of surface water during fishing - -Incidental ingestion of surface water during boating - -Incidental ingestion of surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers - -Incidental ingestion of surface water during irrigation - -Dermal contact with surface water during fishing - -Dermal contact with surface water during boating - -Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers - -Dermal contact with surface water during irrigation - -

SOIL VAPOUR EXPOSURE PATHWAYSInhalation of Soil Vapour-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Soil Vapour-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -

DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways - -Ingestion of home grown beef 2.1E-02 4.8E-02Ingestion of home grown livestock milk 5.8E-03 5.3E-02Ingestion of home grown eggs 1.0E-01 2.3E-01Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables 4.4E-02 8.3E-02

TOTAL 15.9 15.2TOTAL (excluding drinking water) 0.25 0.8

Exposure PathwayThreshold Risk Estimates


Appendix B2 Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Groundwater (mg/L)


Cattle Meat (mg/kg)


Egg (mg/kg)Green

Vegetables (mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.00706 0.19 modelled 0.0011 0.025 0.003Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00081 0.0007 modelled - - -Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.00454 0.06 modelled - 0.004 0.001Scenario: Appendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.0015 - modelled - - -























































Ingestion of fish

x Ingestion of beef







Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Residential (with soil access)Exposure Assumptions:Reasonable Maximum Exposure



Appendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Floor Area m2


Water (C)


Surface loading on

floor

mg/L L/cm2 mg/cm2


Chemical

10.0

1.25

Calculation of Concentrations in Cattle Meat (Steer) Based on Measured Blood Serum ConcentrationsArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario






Serum Ratio (TSR)


mg/L Unitless mg/kg


Chemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 6.56E-03 5.10E-02



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 5.85E-04 8.16E-04



Dermal Absorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Indoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario












TOTAL 1.23E-05 1.23E-05




Surface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario



(threshold)










TOTAL 4.41E-09 4.41E-09





Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Potable Groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G1)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.37E+01 3.67E+01



Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.46E-01 8.16E-01

Chemical

Groundwater Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.66E-05 6.63E-05

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 3.50E-02

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.68E-05

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.31E-02

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 6.29E-06

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with residues in clothes after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)









TOTAL 3.32E-04 2.26E-03



Water




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.56E-03 2.13E-02

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.19E-06 2.86E-06

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Floors After Cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G22)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.32E-01

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with residues on floors after cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G22)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 2.21E-03

Chemical


in Water



Absorption factor

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 5.42E-02 6.07E-01

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.73E-05 4.93E-05

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.11E-02 1.07E-02

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 5.75E-05 4.01E-06

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Animals after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G23)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario





Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)









TOTAL 1.03E-01 3.79E-02

Chemical


Water



Factor



Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 3.98E-03 2.30E-02

Chemical


Water

Dermal Absorption

factor



Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 6.85E-03

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 9.59E-06

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.81E-02 2.49E-02

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 6.73E-05 9.38E-06

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 6.73E-01 1.52E+00

Chemical



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.08E-04 6.17E-05

Chemical




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Eggs (refer to equations in Appendix G21)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.025 1.86E-05 7.29E-04 1.82E-05 9.79E-01 2.67E-03 6.67E-05 3.58E+00Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) - - - - - - - -Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.004 2.00E-05 7.29E-04 2.91E-06 1.46E-01 2.67E-03 1.07E-05 5.33E-01Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 1.12E+00 4.12E+00



Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef) (refer to equations in Appendix G20)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 9.28E-02 2.18E-01

Chemical


Steer)



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Livestock Milk (refer to equations in Appendix G19)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)

Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)








TOTAL 1.32E-02 1.52E-01

Chemical

Livestock Milk Concentration



Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Vegetables (refer to equations in Appendix G17)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.59E-01 5.36E-01

Chemical

Vegetable Concentration


Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B2: Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario




GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of Potable Groundwater 4.4E+01 3.7E+01Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater Vapours (Where GW Enters Trench) - -Inhalation of Groundwater Derived Vapours from Shower/ Irrigation - -Vapours from Flowing Water - -Incidental Ingestion of Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Dermal Contact with Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing 1.5E-01 8.2E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 3.5E-02 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry 1.3E-02 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning 4.6E-03 2.1E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play 5.4E-02 6.1E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals 4.1E-02 1.1E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles 6.8E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation 4.8E-02 2.5E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools 6.7E-01 1.5E+00Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing 4.7E-05 6.6E-05Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 1.7E-05 -Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry 6.3E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes 3.3E-04 2.3E-03Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning 2.2E-06 2.9E-06Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors - 1.3E-01Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floors - 2.2E-03Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play 1.7E-05 4.9E-05Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals 5.8E-05 4.0E-06Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles 9.6E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation 6.7E-05 9.4E-06Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals 4.0E-03 2.3E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing companion animals 1.0E-01 3.8E-02Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools 1.1E-04 6.2E-05



DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways - -Ingestion of home grown beef 9.3E-02 2.2E-01Ingestion of home grown livestock milk 1.3E-02 1.5E-01Ingestion of home grown eggs 1.1E+00 4.1E+00Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables 2.6E-01 5.4E-01

TOTAL 46 45TOTAL (excluding drinking water) 2.6 8.3



Appendix B3 Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Groundwater (mg/L)


Cattle Meat (mg/kg)


Egg (mg/kg)Green

Vegetables (mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.0392 0.19 modelled 0.0011 0.025 0.003Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00166 0.0007 modelled - - -Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.033 0.06 modelled - 0.004 0.001Scenario: Appendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.00533 - modelled - - -























































Ingestion of fish

x Ingestion of beef







Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Residential (with soil access)Exposure Assumptions:Average Exposure



Appendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Floor Area m2


Water (C)


Surface loading on

floor

mg/L L/cm2 mg/cm2


Notes:

Chemical

10.0

1.25

Calculation of Concentrations in Cattle Meat (Steer) Based on Measured Blood Serum ConcentrationsArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario






Serum Ratio (TSR)


mg/L Unitless mg/kg


Chemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.90E-03 2.25E-02



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 1.94E-04 2.43E-04



Dermal Absorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Indoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario












TOTAL 1.23E-05 9.83E-06




Surface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario



(threshold)










TOTAL 3.31E-09 2.20E-09





Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Potable Groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G1)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 9.66E+01 8.87E+01


Groundwater Concentration Chemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 8.05E-02 7.39E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.55E-04 2.07E-04




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 5.80E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 5.57E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 6.19E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 5.95E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with residues in clothes after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)









TOTAL 2.20E-03 5.63E-03



Water




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 3.79E-03 1.74E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 3.63E-06 4.46E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Floors After Cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G22)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.14E-01

Chemical











TOTAL 2.76E-03

Chemical


in Water



Absorption factor

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.92E-02 3.52E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 3.68E-05 9.86E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 7.57E-03 5.79E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 2.12E-05 4.17E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Animals after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G23)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










(mg/L) L/cm2 (unitless) (mg/kg/day) (L/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless) (L/kg/day)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0392 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 4.49E-05 1.76E-06 9.46E-02 9.53E-06Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00166 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 4.49E-05 7.45E-08 4.68E-04 9.53E-06Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.033 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 4.49E-05 1.48E-06 7.41E-02 9.53E-06Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.00533 1.97E-05 1.00E+00 1.00E-01 4.49E-05 2.39E-07 2.39E-06 9.53E-06

TOTAL 1.69E-01

Chemical


Water



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Tra Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Sce

Water left on dog after washing 0.00007

Body weight of dog 23

Surface area of dog 8443

Fraction of residue transferred to hands 0.04

(mg/L) L/cm2

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0392 1.97E-05Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00166 1.97E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.033 1.97E-05Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.00533 1.97E-05

TOTAL

Chemical


Water




(mg/kg/day) (unitless)

3.74E-07 2.01E-021.58E-08 9.94E-053.14E-07 1.57E-025.08E-08 5.08E-07

3.59E-02



Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 6.77E-03 2.17E-02

Chemical


Water

Dermal Absorption

factor



Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 3.79E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.06E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 3.03E-02 1.54E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 8.48E-05 1.11E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 8.60E-02 7.04E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 8.26E-05 9.86E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Eggs (refer to equations in Appendix G21)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.02E-01 2.33E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef) (refer to equations in Appendix G20)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.10E-02 4.79E-02

Chemical


Steer)



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Livestock Milk (refer to equations in Appendix G19)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)








TOTAL 5.84E-03 5.29E-02




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Vegetables (refer to equations in Appendix G17)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (P 0.003 1.86E-05 2.09E-04 6.27E-07 3.37E-02 3.94E-04 1.18E-06 6.36E-02Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA - - - - - - - -Perfluorohexane Sulphonate 0.001 2.00E-05 2.09E-04 2.09E-07 1.04E-02 3.94E-04 3.94E-07 1.97E-02Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFH - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 4.41E-02 8.33E-02

ChemicalVegetable

Concentration


Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B3: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario




GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of Potable Groundwater 9.7E+01 8.9E+01Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater Vapours (Where GW Enters Trench) - -Inhalation of Groundwater Derived Vapours from Shower/ Irrigation - -Vapours from Flowing Water - -Incidental Ingestion of Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Dermal Contact with Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing 8.1E-02 7.4E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 5.8E-02 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry 6.2E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning 3.8E-03 1.7E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play 1.9E-02 3.5E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals 7.6E-03 5.8E-03Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles 3.8E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation 3.0E-02 1.5E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools 8.6E-02 7.0E-01Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing 1.5E-04 2.1E-04Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 5.6E-05 -Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry 5.9E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes 2.2E-03 5.6E-03Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning 3.6E-06 4.5E-06Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors - 1.1E-01Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floors - 2.8E-03Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play 3.7E-05 9.9E-05Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals 2.1E-05 4.2E-06Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles 1.1E-05 -Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation 8.5E-05 1.1E-05Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals 6.8E-03 2.2E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing companion animals 1.7E-01 3.6E-02Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools 8.3E-05 9.9E-05



DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways - -Ingestion of home grown beef 2.1E-02 4.8E-02Ingestion of home grown livestock milk 5.8E-03 5.3E-02Ingestion of home grown eggs 1.0E-01 2.3E-01Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables 4.4E-02 8.3E-02




Appendix B4 Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Groundwater (mg/L)


Cattle Meat (mg/kg)


Egg (mg/kg)Green

Vegetables (mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.0392 0.19 modelled 0.0011 0.025 0.003Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00166 0.0007 modelled - - -Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.033 0.06 modelled - 0.004 0.001Scenario: Appendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.00533 - modelled - - -























































Ingestion of fish

x Ingestion of beef







Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Residential (with soil access)Exposure Assumptions:Reasonable Maximum Exposure



Appendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Floor Area m2


Water (C)


Surface loading on

floor

mg/L L/cm2 mg/cm2


Notes:

Chemical

10.0

1.25

Calculation of Concentrations in Cattle Meat (Steer) Based on Measured Blood Serum ConcentrationsArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario






Serum Ratio (TSR)


mg/L Unitless mg/kg


Chemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 6.56E-03 5.10E-02



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 5.85E-04 8.16E-04



Dermal Absorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Indoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario












TOTAL 1.23E-05 1.23E-05




Surface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario



(threshold)










TOTAL 4.41E-09 4.41E-09





Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Potable Groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G1)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.69E+02 2.26E+02



Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0392 1.86E-05 2.38E-04 9.33E-06 5.02E-01 1.33E-03 5.23E-05 2.81E+00Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00166 1.59E-04 2.38E-04 3.95E-07 2.48E-03 1.33E-03 2.21E-06 1.39E-02Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.033 2.00E-05 2.38E-04 7.86E-06 3.93E-01 1.33E-03 4.40E-05 2.20E+00Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.00533 1.00E-01 2.38E-04 1.27E-06 1.27E-05 1.33E-03 7.11E-06 7.11E-05

TOTAL 8.97E-01 5.02E+00



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing (refer to equations in Appendix G5)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.87E-04 4.09E-04




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 2.15E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup (refer to equations in Appendix G6)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 1.03E-04




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 8.07E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 3.88E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with residues in clothes after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G7)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)









TOTAL 2.05E-03 1.39E-02



Water




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.81E-02 1.31E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G8)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.35E-05 1.76E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Floors After Cleaning (refer to equations in Appendix G22)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 8.12E-01

Chemical











TOTAL 1.36E-02

Chemical


in Water



Absorption factor

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0392 1.86E-05 8.86E-05 3.47E-06 1.87E-01 9.92E-04 3.89E-05 2.09E+00Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.00166 1.59E-04 8.86E-05 1.47E-07 9.23E-04 9.92E-04 1.65E-06 1.03E-02Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.033 2.00E-05 8.86E-05 2.92E-06 1.46E-01 9.92E-04 3.27E-05 1.64E+00Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.00533 1.00E-01 8.86E-05 4.72E-07 4.72E-06 9.92E-04 5.29E-06 5.29E-05

TOTAL 3.34E-01 3.74E+00



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play (refer to equations in Appendix G13)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 1.07E-04 3.04E-04




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.53E-01 6.56E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 3.54E-04 2.47E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Ingestion via Hand to Mouth Transfer of Residues on Animals after washing with groundwater (refer to equations in Appendix G23)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario





Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)









TOTAL 6.36E-01 2.34E-01

Chemical


Water



Factor



Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)



Child Intake Factor

(threshold)





TOTAL 2.45E-02 1.42E-01

Chemical


Water

Dermal Absorption

factor



Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 4.22E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario







TOTAL 5.90E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 2.96E-01 1.54E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.14E-04 5.78E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 4.15E+00 9.34E+00



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools (refer to equations in Appendix G11)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 6.64E-04 3.80E-04




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Eggs (refer to equations in Appendix G21)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.025 1.86E-05 7.29E-04 1.82E-05 9.79E-01 2.67E-03 6.67E-05 3.58E+00Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) - - - - - - - -Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.004 2.00E-05 7.29E-04 2.91E-06 1.46E-01 2.67E-03 1.07E-05 5.33E-01Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 1.12E+00 4.12E+00



Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef) (refer to equations in Appendix G20)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario










TOTAL 9.28E-02 2.18E-01

Chemical


Steer)



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Livestock Milk (refer to equations in Appendix G19)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)

Adult Intake Factor

(threshold)








TOTAL 1.32E-02 1.52E-01




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Vegetables (refer to equations in Appendix G17)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario









Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (P 0.003 1.86E-05 1.23E-03 3.68E-06 1.98E-01 2.54E-03 7.61E-06 4.09E-01Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA - - - - - - - -Perfluorohexane Sulphonate 0.001 2.00E-05 1.23E-03 1.23E-06 6.13E-02 2.54E-03 2.54E-06 1.27E-01Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFH - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 2.59E-01 5.36E-01

ChemicalVegetable

Concentration


Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B4: Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Upper Range Exposure Scenario




GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of Potable Groundwater 2.7E+02 2.3E+02Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater Vapours (Where GW Enters Trench) - -Inhalation of Groundwater Derived Vapours from Shower/ Irrigation - -Vapours from Flowing Water - -Incidental Ingestion of Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Dermal Contact with Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing 9.0E-01 5.0E+00Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 2.2E-01 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry 8.1E-02 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning 2.8E-02 1.3E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play 3.3E-01 3.7E+00Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals 2.5E-01 6.6E-02Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles 4.2E-02 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation 3.0E-01 1.5E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools 4.1E+00 9.3E+00Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing 2.9E-04 4.1E-04Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup 1.0E-04 -Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry 3.9E-05 -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes 2.0E-03 1.4E-02Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning 1.3E-05 1.8E-05Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors - 8.1E-01Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floors - 1.4E-02Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play 1.1E-04 3.0E-04Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals 3.5E-04 2.5E-05Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles 5.9E-05 -Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation 4.1E-04 5.8E-05Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals 2.4E-02 1.4E-01Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing companion animals 6.4E-01 2.3E-01Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools 6.6E-04 3.8E-04



DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways - -Ingestion of home grown beef 9.3E-02 2.2E-01Ingestion of home grown livestock milk 1.3E-02 1.5E-01Ingestion of home grown eggs 1.1E+00 4.1E+00Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables 2.6E-01 5.4E-01




Appendix B5 Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario

Chemicals for QuantitativeAssessment:

Sediment(mg/kg)

SurfaceWater (mg/L)

Fish (mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.0225 0.0023 0.06Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.0005 0.00017 0.002Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.0006 0.00042 0.002Scenario: Appendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 - 0.00011 0.001


x Incidental ingestion of soilx Dermal contact with soil

Inhalation of surface soil-derived dust in indoor air


Inhalation of surface soil-derived vapours in outdoor airInhalation of soil-derived vapours from excavation (USEPA 2002 method)Inhalation of subsurface soil-derived vapours in indoor airInhalation of subsurface soil-derived vapours in outdoor airIncidental ingestion of lead in soil (Adult Lead Model)


Inhalation of lead in dust outdoors (Adult Lead Model)Groundwater Pathways

Ingestion of potable groundwaterInhalation of groundwater-derived vapours in indoor airInhalation of groundwater-derived vapours in outdoor airInhalation of groundwater vapours during irrigation/ showeringInhalation of vapour emissions from groundwater seepage in an excavationInhalation of vapour emissions from groundwater seepage in a basementIncidental ingestion of groundwater seepage in an excavationDermal contact with groundwater seepage in an excavationIncidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathingDermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing

Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup

Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanupIncidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundryDermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundryDermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes

Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning

Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaningIncidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floorsDermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floorsIncidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler playDermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler playIncidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animalsDermal contact with groundwater during washing of animalsIncidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing animalsDermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animalsIncidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehiclesDermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehiclesIncidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation

Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation

Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming poolsDermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools

Soil Vapour PathwaysInhalation of soil vapour-derived vapours in indoor airInhalation of soil vapour-derived vapours in outdoor air

Sediment Pathwaysx Incidental ingestion of sediment

x Dermal contact with sedimentSurface Water Pathways

x Incidental ingestion of surface water during fishingx Dermal contact with surface water during fishingx Incidental ingestion of surface water during boatingx Dermal contact with surface water during boating

x Incidental ingestion of surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers

x Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks/riversIncidental ingestion of surface water during irrigationDermal contact with surface water during irrigation

Dietary PathwaysIngestion of home grown eggs

x Ingestion of fishIngestion of beefIngestion of milk from livestockIngestion of home grown green vegetablesIngestion of home grown fruit

N Soil RBSLs saturation limited?- Groundwater RBSLs solubility limited?


Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:RecreationalExposure Assumptions:Average Exposure


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(BackgroundCorrected)

Adult Intake Factor(threshold)

Adult Intake(threshold)

Hazard Index(Adult)

Child Intake Factor(threshold)

Child Intake(threshold)

Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 2.45E-03 1.12E-02



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario

Dermal RfD(BackgroundCorrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)

Child IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 1.94E-04 2.43E-04



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario

Inhalation RfC(BackgroundCorrected)

Adult ExposureFactor

(threshold)

Adult ExposureAdjusted Air

Concentration(threshold)

Hazard Index(Adult)

Child ExposureFactor (threshold)

Child ExposureAdjusted Air


Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 2.46E-06 2.46E-06


SoilConcentrationChemical

ParticulateConcentration in

Outdoor Air (FromSurface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Fish (refer to equations in Appendix G18)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)

Child IntakeFactor (threshold)


Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 3.25E-02 7.07E-02

ChemicalFish

ConcentrationOral Bioavailability

Factor


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Sediment Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)


Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0225 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 2.11E-08 4.74E-10 2.55E-05 9.67E-08 2.18E-09 1.17E-04Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0005 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 2.11E-08 1.05E-11 6.62E-08 9.67E-08 4.83E-11 3.04E-07Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.0006 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 2.11E-08 1.26E-11 6.32E-07 9.67E-08 5.80E-11 2.90E-06Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 2.62E-05 1.20E-04

ChemicalSediment

ConcentrationOral Sediment

Bioavailability Factor


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Sediment (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)

Child IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Child)


Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0225 0.0005 1.86E-05 1.02E-09 2.30E-11 1.24E-06 6.29E-10 1.41E-11 7.60E-07Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0005 0.0005 1.59E-04 1.02E-09 5.12E-13 3.21E-09 6.29E-10 3.14E-13 1.97E-09Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.0006 0.0005 2.00E-05 1.02E-09 6.14E-13 3.07E-08 6.29E-10 3.77E-13 1.89E-08Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 1.27E-06 7.81E-07

ChemicalSediment

Concentration

DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with surface water during fishing (refer to equations in Appendix G9)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



- - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 1.63E-07 1.93E-07

ChemicalSurface WaterConcentration

DermalPermeabilityConstant (kp)


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of surface water water during fishing (refer to equations in Appendix G9)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor (threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 7.00E-05 3.21E-04



Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of surface water water during boating (refer to equations in Appendix G10)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 7.20E-05 3.30E-04

ChemicalGroundwaterConcentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with surface water during boating (refer to equations in Appendix G10)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 2.07E-07 2.27E-07




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of surface water water during swimming in creeks and other surface water bodies (refer to equations in Appendix G12)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 7.68E-04 8.88E-04



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks and other surface water bodies (refer to equations in Appendix G12)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 7.37E-07 1.24E-07




Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B5: Recreational Typical Exposure Scenario


SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental Ingestion of Soil 2.5E-03 1.1E-02Dermal Contact with Soil 1.9E-04 2.4E-04Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Outdoor Air 2.5E-06 2.5E-06Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours from Excavation - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -

SEDIMENT EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental ingestion of sediment 2.6E-05 1.2E-04Dermal contact with sediment 1.3E-06 7.8E-07

GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of Potable Groundwater - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater Vapours (Where GW Enters Trench) - -Inhalation of Groundwater Derived Vapours from Shower/ Irrigation - -Vapours from Flowing Water - -Incidental Ingestion of Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Dermal Contact with Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools - -Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing - -Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup - -Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry - -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes - -Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors - -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floors - -Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play - -Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals - -Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles - -Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation - -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing companion animals - -Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools - -

SURFACE WATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental ingestion of surface water during fishing 7.0E-05 3.2E-04Incidental ingestion of surface water during boating 7.2E-05 3.3E-04Incidental ingestion of surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers 7.7E-04 8.9E-04Incidental ingestion of surface water during irrigation - -Dermal contact with surface water during fishing 1.6E-07 1.9E-07Dermal contact with surface water during boating 2.1E-07 2.3E-07Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers 7.4E-07 1.2E-07Dermal contact with surface water during irrigation - -


DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways 3.3E-02 7.1E-02Ingestion of home grown beef - -Ingestion of home grown livestock milk - -Ingestion of home grown eggs - -Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables - -

TOTAL 0.036 0.08



Appendix B6 Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Sediment(mg/kg)

SurfaceWater (mg/L)

Fish (mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.0225 0.0023 0.06Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.0005 0.00017 0.002Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.0006 0.00042 0.002Scenario: Appendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 - 0.00011 0.001


x Incidental ingestion of soilx Dermal contact with soil

Inhalation of surface soil-derived dust in indoor air













Sediment Pathwaysx Incidental ingestion of sediment

x Dermal contact with sedimentSurface Water Pathways

x Incidental ingestion of surface water during fishingx Dermal contact with surface water during fishingx Incidental ingestion of surface water during boatingx Dermal contact with surface water during boating

x Incidental ingestion of surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers

x Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks/riversIncidental ingestion of surface water during irrigationDermal contact with surface water during irrigation

Dietary PathwaysIngestion of home grown eggs

x Ingestion of fishIngestion of beefIngestion of milk from livestockIngestion of home grown green vegetablesIngestion of home grown fruit



Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:RecreationalExposure Assumptions:Reasonable Maximum Exposure


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 3.28E-03 2.55E-02



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)

Child IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 5.85E-04 8.16E-04



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario



(threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)

Child ExposureFactor (threshold)

Child ExposureAdjusted Air


Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 4.92E-06 4.92E-06





Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Fish (refer to equations in Appendix G18)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 3.13E-01 7.30E-01

ChemicalFish

ConcentrationOral Bioavailability

Factor


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Sediment Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)


Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0225 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 1.22E-07 2.75E-09 1.48E-04 9.50E-07 2.14E-08 1.15E-03Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0005 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 1.22E-07 6.11E-11 3.83E-07 9.50E-07 4.75E-10 2.98E-06Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.0006 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 1.22E-07 7.33E-11 3.66E-06 9.50E-07 5.70E-10 2.85E-05Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 1.52E-04 1.18E-03

ChemicalSediment

ConcentrationOral Sediment

Bioavailability Factor


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Sediment (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)

Child IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Child)


Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.0225 0.0005 1.86E-05 4.68E-09 1.05E-10 5.66E-06 5.49E-09 1.24E-10 6.64E-06Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0005 0.0005 1.59E-04 4.68E-09 2.34E-12 1.47E-08 5.49E-09 2.74E-12 1.72E-08Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.0006 0.0005 2.00E-05 4.68E-09 2.81E-12 1.40E-07 5.49E-09 3.29E-12 1.65E-07Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) - - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 5.82E-06 6.82E-06

ChemicalSediment

Concentration

DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with surface water during fishing (refer to equations in Appendix G9)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



- - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 7.47E-06 9.38E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of surface water water during fishing (refer to equations in Appendix G9)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 1.15E-02 5.38E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of surface water water during boating (refer to equations in Appendix G10)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)

Child IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 4.87E-03 2.27E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with surface water during boating (refer to equations in Appendix G10)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 8.70E-06 1.24E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of surface water water during swimming in creeks and other surface water bodies (refer to equations in Appendix G12)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 5.56E-02 2.08E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks and other surface water bodies (refer to equations in Appendix G12)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)



TOTAL 8.90E-06 8.44E-06




Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B6: Recreational Upper Range Exposure Scenario


SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental Ingestion of Soil 3.3E-03 2.5E-02Dermal Contact with Soil 5.9E-04 8.2E-04Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Outdoor Air 4.9E-06 4.9E-06Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours from Excavation - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -

SEDIMENT EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental ingestion of sediment 1.5E-04 1.2E-03Dermal contact with sediment 5.8E-06 6.8E-06


SURFACE WATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental ingestion of surface water during fishing 1.2E-02 5.4E-02Incidental ingestion of surface water during boating 4.9E-03 2.3E-02Incidental ingestion of surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers 5.6E-02 2.1E-01Incidental ingestion of surface water during irrigation - -Dermal contact with surface water during fishing 7.5E-06 9.4E-06Dermal contact with surface water during boating 8.7E-06 1.2E-05Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks/rivers 8.9E-06 8.4E-06Dermal contact with surface water during irrigation - -


DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways 3.1E-01 7.3E-01Ingestion of home grown beef - -Ingestion of home grown livestock milk - -Ingestion of home grown eggs - -Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables - -

TOTAL 0.39 1.0



Appendix B7 Groundwater Zone 1, Agricultural Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Groundwater(mg/L)

Cattle BloodSerum (mg/L)

Cattle Meat(mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.00706 0.19 modelledAddress: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00081 0.0007 modelledClient: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.00454 0.06 modelledScenario: Appendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.0015 - modelled


x Incidental ingestion of soilx Dermal contact with soilx Inhalation of surface soil-derived dust in indoor air









Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaningIncidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floorsDermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floorsIncidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler playDermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animalsx Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals

Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing animalsDermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals

x Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehiclesx Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehiclesx Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation





Dermal contact with sedimentSurface Water Pathways

Incidental ingestion of surface water during fishingDermal contact with surface water during fishingIncidental ingestion of surface water during boatingDermal contact with surface water during boating


Dermal contact with surface water during swimming in creeks/riversIncidental ingestion of surface water during irrigationDermal contact with surface water during irrigation

Dietary PathwaysIngestion of home grown eggsIngestion of fish

x Ingestion of beefIngestion of milk from livestockIngestion of home grown green vegetablesIngestion of home grown fruit

N Soil RBSLs saturation limited?N Groundwater RBSLs solubility limited?


Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Agricultural workerExposure Assumptions:Average Exposure


Calculation of Concentrations in Cattle Meat (Steer) Based on Measured Blood Serum ConcentrationsArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario



MeasuredConcentration in

Blood Serum(Cserum/plasma)

Cattle EmpiricalMuscle Tissue /

Serum Ratio(TSR)

Concentration inCattle MuscleTissue (BeefSteer) (Ctissue)

mg/L Unitless mg/kg


Chemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)

(mg/kg) (unitless) (mg/kg/day) (kg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 4.21E-07 5.48E-08 2.95E-03Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 4.21E-07 5.90E-10 3.71E-06Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 4.21E-07 5.48E-09 2.74E-04Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 1.00E+00 1.00E-01 4.21E-07 6.74E-10 6.74E-09

TOTAL 3.22E-03



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario

Dermal RfD(Background

Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.27E-04



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario



(threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)

(mg/kg) (m3/kg) (mg/m3) (kg/m3) (mg/m3) (unitless)


TOTAL 5.80E-09





Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.13E-03

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.18E-06

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration

DermalPermeability

Constant (kp)


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.13E-03

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.18E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.13E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.18E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef) (refer to equations in Appendix G20)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)


Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.018446602 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 9.23E-05 1.70E-06 9.15E-02 2.10E-04 3.88E-06 2.09E-01Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 6.79612E-05 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 9.23E-05 6.27E-09 3.94E-05 2.10E-04 1.43E-08 8.98E-05Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.002912621 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 9.23E-05 2.69E-07 1.34E-02 2.10E-04 6.13E-07 3.06E-02Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) FALSE - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 1.05E-01 2.39E-01

Chemical

Concentration inCattle MuscleTissue (Beef

Steer)


OralBioavailability

Factor

Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B7: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental Ingestion of Soil 3.2E-03 -Dermal Contact with Soil 1.3E-04 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Outdoor Air 5.8E-09 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours from Excavation - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -


GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of Potable Groundwater - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Groundwater Vapours (Where GW Enters Trench) - -Inhalation of Groundwater Derived Vapours from Shower/ Irrigation - -Vapours from Flowing Water - -Incidental Ingestion of Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Dermal Contact with Groundwater (Bathing or Excavation) - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during showering/bathing - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during food preparation and cleanup - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during domestic laundry - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during household cleaning - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during sprinkler play - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals 1.1E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles 1.1E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation 1.1E-03 -Incidental ingestion of groundwater used in home swimming pools - -Dermal contact with groundwater during showering/bathing - -Dermal contact with groundwater during food preparation and cleanup - -Dermal contact with groundwater during domestic laundry - -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing clothes - -Dermal contact with groundwater during household cleaning - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing floors - -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing floors - -Dermal contact with groundwater during sprinkler play - -Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals 3.2E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles 3.2E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation 3.2E-06 -Dermal contact with groundwater residues after washing companion animals - -Incidental ingestion of groundwater residues after washing companion animals - -Dermal contact with groundwater used in home swimming pools - -



DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways - -Ingestion of home grown beef 1.1E-01 2.4E-01Ingestion of home grown livestock milk - -Ingestion of home grown eggs - -Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables - -

TOTAL 0.11 0.24



Appendix B8 Groundwater Zone 1, Agricultural Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Groundwater(mg/L)

Cattle BloodSerum (mg/L)

Cattle Meat(mg/kg)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.00706 0.19 modelledAddress: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00081 0.0007 modelledClient: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.00454 0.06 modelledScenario: Appendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.0015 - modelled























Dietary PathwaysIngestion of home grown eggsIngestion of fish

x Ingestion of beefIngestion of milk from livestockIngestion of home grown green vegetablesIngestion of home grown fruit



Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Agricultural workerExposure Assumptions:Reasonable Maximum Exposure


Calculation of Concentrations in Cattle Meat (Steer) Based on Measured Blood Serum ConcentrationsArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario



MeasuredConcentration in

Blood Serum(Cserum/plasma)

Cattle EmpiricalMuscle Tissue /

Serum Ratio(TSR)

Concentration inCattle MuscleTissue (BeefSteer) (Ctissue)

mg/L Unitless mg/kg


Chemical

Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 2.37E-02



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.85E-04



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario



(threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 5.80E-09





Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.16E-02

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 4.42E-05

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration

DermalPermeability

Constant (kp)


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.16E-02

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 4.42E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.16E-02



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 4.42E-05




Health Risk Calculations - Ingestion of Cattle Muscle Tissue (Beef) (refer to equations in Appendix G20)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



Hazard Index(Child)


Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.018446602 1.00E+00 1.86E-05 4.08E-04 7.52E-06 4.04E-01 9.60E-04 1.77E-05 9.52E-01Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 6.79612E-05 1.00E+00 1.59E-04 4.08E-04 2.77E-08 1.74E-04 9.60E-04 6.52E-08 4.10E-04Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.002912621 1.00E+00 2.00E-05 4.08E-04 1.19E-06 5.94E-02 9.60E-04 2.80E-06 1.40E-01Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) FALSE - - - - - - - -

TOTAL 4.64E-01 1.09E+00

Chemical

Concentration inCattle MuscleTissue (Beef

Steer)


OralBioavailability

Factor

Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B8: Groundwater Zone 1, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario







DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways - -Ingestion of home grown beef 4.6E-01 1.1E+00Ingestion of home grown livestock milk - -Ingestion of home grown eggs - -Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables - -

TOTAL 0.58 1.1



Appendix B9 Groundwater Zone 2, Agricultural Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Groundwater(mg/L)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.0214Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00076Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.00922Scenario: Appendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.00241























Dietary PathwaysIngestion of home grown eggsIngestion of fishIngestion of beefIngestion of milk from livestockIngestion of home grown green vegetablesIngestion of home grown fruit



Soil (mg/kg)

Exposure PointConcentrations

Receptor:Agricultural workerExposure Assumptions:Average Exposure


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.22E-03



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.27E-04



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario



(threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 5.80E-09





Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.00E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 8.39E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.00E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 8.39E-06




Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.00E-03



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario




Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 8.39E-06




Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B9: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Typical Exposure Scenario







DIETARY EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIngestion of fish from local waterways - -Ingestion of home grown beef - -Ingestion of home grown livestock milk - -Ingestion of home grown eggs - -Ingestion of home grown fruit - -Ingestion of home grown green vegetables - -

TOTAL 0.012



Appendix B10 Groundwater Zone 2, Agricultural Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Groundwater(mg/L)

Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 0.13 0.0392Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.0014 0.00166Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.013 0.033

Scenario: Appendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0016 0.00533


























Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Agricultural workerExposure Assumptions:Reasonable Maximum Exposure


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 2.37E-02



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.85E-04



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario



(threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 5.80E-09





Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.95E-01

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of animals (refer to equations in Appendix G14)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 2.73E-04

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration

DermalPermeability

Constant (kp)


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.95E-01

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration


Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during washing of vehicles (refer to equations in Appendix G15)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 2.73E-04

ChemicalGroundwater

Concentration

DermalPermeability

Constant (kp)


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental ingestion of groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.95E-01



Health Risk Calculations - Dermal contact with groundwater during irrigation (refer to equations in Appendix G16)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 2.73E-04




Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B10: Groundwater Zone 2, Agriculture Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario








TOTAL 0.61



Appendix B11 On-Site Commercial Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 30Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.62Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.001Scenario: Appendix B11: On-Site Commercial Worker Typical Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0012























Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Commercial workerExposure Assumptions:Average Exposure


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B11: On-Site Commercial Worker Typical Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.61E-03



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B11: On-Site Commercial Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 4.41E-05



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Indoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B11: On-Site Commercial Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


Adult ExposureFactor (threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.23E-06



ParticulateConcentration inIndoor Air (From

Surface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B11: On-Site Commercial Worker Typical Exposure Scenario



(threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 7.25E-10





Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B11: On-Site Commercial Worker Typical Exposure Scenario


SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental Ingestion of Soil 1.6E-03 -Dermal Contact with Soil 4.4E-05 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Indoor Air 3.2E-06 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Outdoor Air 7.2E-10 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours from Excavation - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -






TOTAL 0.0017



Appendix B12 On-Site Commercial Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Site: Army Aviation Centre Oakey Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 30Address: Oakey, Queensland Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 0.62Client: Department of Defence Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 0.001Scenario: Appendix B12: On-Site Commercial Worker Upper Range Exposure Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 0.0012























Soil (mg/kg)


Receptor:Commercial workerExposure Assumptions:Reasonable Maximum Exposure


Health Risk Calculations - Incidental Soil Ingestion (refer to equations in Appendix G2)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B12: On-Site Commercial Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario

Oral RfD(Background

Corrected)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 2.16E-03



Factor

Health Risk Calculations - Dermal Contact with Soil (refer to equations in Appendix G3)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B12: On-Site Commercial Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Corrected)

Adult IntakeFactor

(threshold)


Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 1.39E-04



DermalAbsorption

Factor (DAF)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Indoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B12: On-Site Commercial Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


Adult ExposureFactor (threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 3.23E-06



ParticulateConcentration inIndoor Air (From

Surface Soil)

Health Risk Calculations - Inhalation of Soil-Derived Dust (Particulates) in Outdoor Air (refer to equations in Appendix G4)Army Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B12: On-Site Commercial Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario



(threshold)



Hazard Index(Adult)



TOTAL 7.25E-10





Summary of Estimated Health RisksArmy Aviation Centre OakeyOakey, QueenslandAppendix B12: On-Site Commercial Worker Upper Range Exposure Scenario


SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAYSIncidental Ingestion of Soil 2.2E-03 -Dermal Contact with Soil 1.4E-04 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Indoor Air 3.2E-06 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Dust in Outdoor Air 7.2E-10 -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -Inhalation of Surface Soil-Derived Vapours from Excavation - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Indoor Air - -Inhalation of Subsurface Soil-Derived Vapours in Outdoor Air - -






TOTAL 0.0023



Appendix B13 Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario Ingestion of Breast Milk

Client Name: Department of DefenceProject Name: Army Aviation Centre Oakey


Health Risk Calculations - Cumulative Risk via all Pathways Including Ingestion of Breast Milk


Oakey, Queensland

Groundwater Zone 1, Residential Scenario

Exposure duration - infant 1 yearAveraging time (non-carcinogen) 1 yearBody weight - infant 7 kgBreast milk intake rate 0.85 L/dayExposure frequency - breastfeeding 180 days/year

ChemicalOral TRV

(BackgroundCorrected)

95% UCLConcentration

in BloodSerum*

(Cserum/plasma)

EmpiricalHuman BreastMilk / SerumRatio (BSR)

Concentrationin Human

Breast Milk(CBM)

Infant Intake(threshold)

CumulativeChild Intake(threshold)

Average DailyIntake

0-6 Years

Hazard Index0-6 Years

CumulativeChronic Daily

Intake byMother

Lifetime DailyIntake

0-35 Years


(mg/kg/day) mg/L Unitless mg/L (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) mg/kg/day (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 1.86E-05 8.60E-02 1.00E-02 8.60E-04 5.15E-05 1.09E-05 1.86E-05 9.97E-01 3.70E-06 6.25E-06 3.36E-01Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 1.59E-04 3.40E-03 4.00E-02 1.36E-04 8.14E-06 4.40E-07 1.76E-06 1.11E-02 1.04E-07 3.88E-07 2.44E-03Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 2.00E-05 5.80E-02 1.30E-02 7.54E-04 4.52E-05 3.59E-06 1.08E-05 5.41E-01 1.11E-06 2.77E-06 1.39E-01Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 1.00E-01 - - - 0.00E+00 8.07E-07 7.39E-07 7.39E-06 1.90E-07 2.84E-07 2.84E-06

* Heffernan, 2015 1.55E+00 4.8E-01


Appendix B14 Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Typical Exposure Scenario Ingestion of Breast Milk

Client Name: Department of DefenceProject Name: Army Aviation Centre Oakey


Health Risk Calculations - Cumulative Risk via all Pathways Including Ingestion of Breast Milk


Oakey, Queensland

Groundwater Zone 2, Residential Scenario

Exposure duration - infant 1 yearAveraging time (non-carcinogen) 1 yearBody weight - infant 7 kgBreast milk intake rate 0.85 L/dayExposure frequency - breastfeeding 180 days/year

ChemicalOral TRV

(BackgroundCorrected)

95% UCLConcentration

in BloodSerum*

(Cserum/plasma)

EmpiricalHuman BreastMilk / SerumRatio (BSR)

Concentrationin Human

Breast Milk(CBM)

Infant Intake(threshold)

CumulativeChild Intake(threshold)

Average DailyIntake

0-6 Years


CumulativeChronic Daily

Intake byMother

Lifetime DailyIntake

0-35 Years


(mg/kg/day) mg/L Unitless mg/L (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) mg/kg/day (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) 1.86E-05 8.60E-02 1.00E-02 8.60E-04 5.15E-05 2.81E-05 3.43E-05 1.84E+00 7.74E-06 1.23E-05 6.61E-01Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) 1.59E-04 3.40E-03 4.00E-02 1.36E-04 8.14E-06 8.94E-07 2.18E-06 1.37E-02 2.11E-07 5.48E-07 3.44E-03Perfluorohexane Sulphonate (PFHxS) 2.00E-05 5.80E-02 1.30E-02 7.54E-04 4.52E-05 1.88E-05 2.48E-05 1.24E+00 4.69E-06 8.13E-06 4.06E-01Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) 1.00E-01 - - - 0.00E+00 2.85E-06 2.62E-06 2.62E-05 6.71E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05

* Heffernan, 2015 3.10E+00 1.1E+00

Documents

Human Health Risk Assessment - Department of …...Stage 2C Environmental Investigation - Human Health Risk Assessment. Army Aviation Centre Oakey (AACO), Oakey QLD. 1 September 2016