Human Geography: China and Japan

China

Early HistoryOldest continuous civilizations: geographic isolation allowed them develop

Dynasty: a series of rulers from the same family

Lasted until 1911

Shi Huangdi of the Qin Dynasty…built most of the Great Wall and had an elaborate tomb with thousands of clay soldiers!

The Great Wall of China More than 4,000 miles along China’s northern border with Mongolia, whom many conflicts occurred with.

China: Revolution and Change

19th century: Controlled by Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan (sphere of influence)

Boxer Rebellion 1900: Chinese killed Europeans and Christians in China

(boxer: fists of righteous unity)

Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong

Mid 20th Century, fighting occurs between:

Chiang Kai-shek, the Leader of the Nationalists (can have private ownership) &Mao Zedong: Leader of the Communists (no private ownership)

China becomes Communist!The People’s Republic of China

I win!

I’m heading to Taiwan.

Fireworks, noodles, paper, gunpowder, compass, porcelain, silk, and printing all were invented by the Chinese

Rural and Industrial Economies

Largely agricultural: 60% work on farms

What can explain why most of the people list in the east and not the west?

Manufacturing: abundant resources (coal, iron ore, oil)

Shanghai: One of the world’s great industrial centersTextiles, steel, consumer goods

Confucius(551-479 BCE)

Considered China’s greatest philosopher

Men should be kind, tolerant, and love their elders and ancestors (filial piety)

Golden rule: “Do not do to others what you would not have others do to you.”

Confucianism – code of behavior Education, good manners, right morals, respect for others, love of tradition, obedience to one’s parents

“Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes.”

“Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves.”

“Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it.” “Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses.”

“He who will not economize will have to agonize.”

“I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.”

“Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star.”

TaoismPhilosophy based on the teachings of Lao-Tzu of China

Believes in everything being in harmony with nature

Government should leave people alone

TAOISMTaoism is not a religion. Taoism is a philosophy, a way of looking at life and a way of thinking about things. Taoists believe if you look at life and think about things in the right way, you'll be much happier. 

Taoists are firm believers in joy and laughter

“There is more to knowing than just being correct.”

“A clever mind is not a heart.”

Taoists believe it's very important to understand the way Things Are. This does not mean that there are not things we need to change about ourselves, but it's important to recognize and trust our own inner nature, and discover who we are

BuddhismSpread from India

Many branches and different interpretations

Influences from Confucianism and Taoism

Buddhism in Tibet Tibet was an independent religious state led by the Dalai Lama The area was taken over by communist China and the Dalai Lama is currently in exile in India from there he is traveling the world to help free Tibet

Population – China Over 1.6 billion people

Shanghai = 13.5 million

Beijing = 11.2 million (host of the 2008 summer Olympics)

Pollution consequences

Production needs to keep up with population

Because of concerns about a rapidly expanding population, china in 1979 adopted a policy of one child per family. In addition, the country has age restrictions for marriage. A man must be 22 and a woman 20 before they can marry. Those policies have reduced China’s birthrate dramatically.

However, the government policy of one child per family has run into opposition. Rural families, in particular, feel the need for more than one child to help work on their farms. Because of these problems, the government has relaxed the one-child policy.

Population

Deng Xiaoping

Chinese ruler that instituted the “One Child Policy” in 1980

Positives?

Negatives?

Japan

Ancient Japan Not unified: hundreds of clans ruling separate territoriesProfessional soldiers called samurai served the interest of landowners and clan chiefs1192 Emperor creates military ruler = SHOGUN

Supported by SamuraiFought off Mongol invasion1868 last shogun resigns, all power to the emperor

Economic Powerhouse

2nd to the United States in size of its economy

Manufacturing and trade at the heart of economy

Imports most of its natural resources

75% of people live in cities

How does contribute to their economy?

Population of Japan Population = about 127 million

Very urbanized (3/4 of the people live in cities)

Tokyo – 13.6 million people

Cities are overcrowded and polluted

Japan’s Recent Population ProblemsJapan’s population could plummet by more than 61 percent to just under 50 million in the next century.

○ More than 40% of their population will be above the age of 65 by then.

Why is this happening?

Japan is also not very culturally diverse

Japanese Culture: Modern & Traditional

Shintoism – traditional Japanese religion (ancestor & nature worship)

Kabuki Theater: Dress in traditional clothing and have dramatic plays

Japanese Architecture: Modern & Traditional

Pagoda: Architectural style derived from Buddhist temples

Capsule hotels in Japan provide tiny rooms for overnight guests

Southeast Southeast AsiaAsia: : Physical & Human GeographyPhysical & Human Geography

MyanmarLaos

Thailand

Vietnam

Cambodia

Malaysia

Singapore Indonesia

BruneiPhilippines

Southeast Southeast Asia: Asia: Human GeographyHuman Geography

History of Colonialism

Europeans colonized the area to use its vast resources to obtain wealth

The French colonized Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam; naming the area Indochina

Japan takes over around WWII

Some countries gained independence peacefully, Indonesia had to fight the Dutch for it

VietnamWon independence from

French in 1954Split into

North Vietnam: communistSouth Vietnam: republic

N & S fought from 1957-1975 for control

Vietnam War – 1957- 1975 1965: the US stepped in to prevent a

communist leader from taking over

The US withdrew in 1973 and the communist leader took over in 1975 North and south were now one country

(Vietnam)

Phan Thị Kim Phúc, is the child depicted in the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph taken during the Vietnam War on June 8, 1972. The iconic photo taken in Trang Bang by AP photographer Nick Ut shows her at about nine years of age running naked on a road after being severely burned on her back by a South Vietnamese napalm attack.

Economics - TraditionalMost of SE Asia depends on

agricultureAgriculture rice (chief food

crop)Forestry teak (expensive

wood used in fancy & outdoor furniture)

Why a lack of Industry for so long?Reasons:Vietnam War destroyed

factories & roadsFleeing of refugees =

reduced work forcePolitical turmoilExtreme weather

tsunamis

Economics – Modern

ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations Promotes

economic growth and peace within the region

Econ. – Modern Continued

Manufacturing and industry have grown rapidly since the 1960sSoutheast Asia is now a major

industrial center for clothing & electronic products

Effects of Industrialization Cities are growing, which causes people

to move to the cities (in search of jobs) Push-Pull Factors PUSH FACTORS:PUSH FACTORS: drive rural people from

their land Lost Resources, Scarcity of Land,

Population Growth PULL FACTORS:PULL FACTORS: attract people to cities

Industry and other benefits (education/gov. services)

***Due to the large numbers of immigrants, many cities are finding it difficultto deal with the growing populations.

MOVEMENT Many rapidly growing Southeast Asian cities are overcrowded. That is one of several factors creating slums, such as this one in Jakarta, Indonesia. Why would high ratesof migration to cities cause overcrowding?

Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!1st Primary jobs: get materials from the earth2nd Secondary jobs: turn materials into a

product3rd Tertiary jobs: sell product

What sector do you think most Southeast Asian workers are working in? What about people in the U.S.?

Why?

PLACE These Cambodianwomen work in a factorythat makes blue jeans forexport to the United Statesand Europe.Why do you suppose thisindustry hires so manywomen?

Singapore

A financial center with tall skyscrapers and a busy bustling city center

A Rich Mosaic of Culture

Southeast Asia has absorbed many influences from other regions and used them to create their own culture Religious Diversity

Buddhism is widespread in the region

Philippines is mostly Catholic (as a result of Spanish rule),

Indonesia and Brunei are mostly Muslim

Hinduism and other traditional local beliefs are also practiced

Industrial Output of SE Asia Cartogram p. 733

1) What is a cartogram? 2) How do cartograms represent quantity? 3) Why might cartograms be a useful ancillary to

conventional maps? 4) According to the cartogram, how much industrial

output does Thailand have? 5) Which country or countries seem to have a small

industrial output compared to their actual size? 6) Which country or countries seem to have a large

industrial output compared to their actual size?