Human Computer InteractionHuman Computer Interaction 11

Human Computer InteractionHuman Computer Interaction

Prepared ByPrepared By

Dhiren ParmarDhiren Parmar

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OutlineOutline

What is HCIWhat is HCI HistoryHistory What is Human, Computer and InteractionWhat is Human, Computer and Interaction GoalsGoals CognitionCognition User Interaction DesignUser Interaction Design Interaction StylesInteraction Styles Interaction DevicesInteraction Devices FutureFuture ConclusionConclusion

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What is Human Computer What is Human Computer InteractionInteraction

“Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them”

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HistoryHistory

• 1945 – MEMEX by Vanevar Bush

• 1963 – SketchPad and Light Pen by Ivan Sutherland

• 1964 – Mouse by Douglas Engelbart

• 1973 – Alto by Xerox PARK

• 1983 – Apple Lisa

• 1987 – Windows

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(Source – Georgia Tech HCI)

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HumanHumanHumans are limited in their capacity to process information. This has important implications for Design

Information is received and responses given via a number of input and output channels:

• Visual Channel

• Auditory Channel

• Haptic Channel

• Movement

Information is stored in memory:

• Sensory Memory

• Working Memory

• Long-Term Memory

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ComputerComputerThere is not much difference in Human and Computer

Computer consist of

• Input Devices

• Output Devices

• Memory

• Processing

Computer can be Mobile, Spacecraft Cockpit, Microwave Oven or VCRs etc.

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InteractionInteractionHCI is concerned with joint performance of Task by Human & Computer

Communication between The User and The System

Physical Interaction

• Interaction Devices

Conceptual Interaction

• Interaction Styles

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GoalsGoalsThe main goal of HCI is Usability

“It is a measure of the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which specified user can achieve specified goals in a particular environment”

A usable System is:

• Easy to Learn

• Easy to Remember how to Use

• Effective to Use

• Efficient to Use

• Safe to Use

• Enjoyable To Use

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CognitionCognition

Cognition is the processing of information

It includes:

• Perception

• Attention

• Pattern Matching

• Memory

• Language Processing

• Decision Making

• Problem Solving

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The Model Human ProcessorThe Model Human Processor

The model human processor consists of three interacting systems. Each has its own memory and processor.

Perceptual processor • Outputs into audio storage • Outputs into visual storage

Cognitive processor • Outputs into working memory. • Has access to:

Working memoryLong term memory

Motor processor • Carries out actions

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Cognition Conti.Cognition Conti.

Human Information Processing

• Information Processing Capabilities

• Cognitive Requirement of Various Tasks

• Characterize the information processing of a user

Three Main Cognitive Challenges

• Conceptual Complexity

• Memory Load

• Attention

Distributed Cognition

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User Interaction DesignUser Interaction Design

• Data Collection

• Data Analysis

• User Modeling

• Design

• Prototyping

• Evaluation

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(Re)Design

Identify needs/establish requirements

Evaluate

Build an interactive version

Final product

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Interaction StylesInteraction Styles

• Command Line Interface

• Menus

• Question & Answer Dialogue

• Form-Fill Interface

• WIMP

• Direct Manipulation

• Natural Language

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Interaction DevicesInteraction DevicesInput Devices

• Keyboards

• Mouse, Trackballs, Touch Pads

• Touch Screens

• Speech Input

• 3D trackers, 3D Mouse

Output Devices

• Screens

• Printers

• Sound Output

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FutureFuture

• Artificial Intelligent

• Virtual Reality

• New Interface Devices

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(Source - Input Output Devices, UCL)

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ConclusionConclusion

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ReferencesReferences

1. A brief history of Human Computer Interaction Technology, Brad A. Myers

2. Introduction to HCI, Matthias Rauterberg

3. Human Computer Interaction, Keith Andrews

4. Human Computer Interaction, 2nd Edition, Alan Dix

5. Cognitive Architectures and HCI, Wayne D. Gary, Richard M. Young

6. Usability Design, Jan Gulliksen

7. Future of HCI, Michael H. Coen

8. HCI, Nicky Danino

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Thank YouThank You