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http://www.emso-eu.org/http://www.emso-eu.org/
EMSOEMSOEuropeanEuropean
Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinary SeafloorSeafloor
and water-columnand water-columnObservatoryObservatory
Laura BeranzoliLaura Beranzolion behalf of EMSO Consortiumon behalf of EMSO Consortium
EMSOEMSO,, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap, is the European network of fixed seafloor and water column observatories constituting a distributed infrastructure for long-term monitoring of environmental processes
EMSO, an ESFRI Research Infrastructure EMSO, an ESFRI Research Infrastructure
Ruhl et al., 2011
ESFRIESFRI acts on issues related to the development of high scientific quality European research infrastructures. ESFRI ESFRI gives national authorities the opportunity to exchange news and to explore common and integrated initiatives for the best development and use of research infrastructures of European relevance
ESFRIESFRI mission is to support a coherent and strategy-led approach to policy-making on new and existing pan-European and global research infrastructures
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
Roadmap 2008 Roadmap 2008 ((44 Projects)44 Projects)
Scientific fields N. projects
Social Sciences & Humanities 5
Environmental Sciences (ENV) 10
Energy 4
Biological & Medical Sciences 10
Materials & Analytical Facilities 6
Physical Sciences (PHY) & Engineering 8
e-Infrastructures 1
Total*(*10 new projects in the Roadmap 2008 with respect to 2006)
4444
Roadmap 2008Roadmap 2008
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
DefinitionsDefinitions
• European Research Infrastructures (ERI) can adopt either a single site (SI) or a multiple site structure according to their specific characteristics and mission
• An ERI structured with multiple site is defined as “Distributed Infrastructure” (DI)
• Each ERI has a unique legal status, management structure, strategy and development plan
• ERI can undergo to Preparatory Phase project with the aim to design and create the legal entity managing the infrastructure (ERIC-European Research Infrastructure Consortium)
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
Mooring with satellite communications
Cabled configuration
NRC, 2003
Source “Implementation Strategies for ESONET and EMSO Appendix A”, 2009
SN4
GMM
SN3
SN1
GEOSTAR
MABEL (SN2)
PlatformPlatform
Overall Overall dimensions dimensions
(m)(m)(L x W x H)(L x W x H)
Weight Weight (kN)(kN)
(in air)(in air)
Weight Weight (kN)(kN)
(in water)(in water)
Depth Depth rated (m)rated (m)
GEOSTAR 3.50 x 3.50 x 3.30
25.4 14.2 4000
SN1 2.90 x 2.90 x 2.90
14.0 8.5 4000
SN3 2.90 x 2.90 x 2.90
14.0 8.5 4000
SN4 2.00 x 2.00 x 2.00
6.6 3.4 1000
GMM 1.50 x 1.50 x 1.50
1.5 0.7 1000
MABEL (SN2)
2.90 x 2.90 x 2.90
14.0 8.5 4000
GEOSTAR-class SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORIES
Favali et al., 2006b; Favali & Beranzoli, 2006; 2009b
• multiparametric long-term (years) time-series
• seabed and water column measurements
• common set of sensors for basic measurements and further sensors for specific purposes
Observatory MeasurementsObservatory Measurements
• Seismic ground motion• Gravity• Magnetism• Geodesy and seafloor deformation • Fluid related processes monitoring• Chemical and Aqueous Transport (CAT) • Pore pressure• Gas hydrate monitoring• Dissolved Fe, Mn and sulfide species• Acoustic tomography• CTD equipment for hydrothermal vents• Methane• Carbon dioxide• Heat Flow
• Nutrient analyzers • pH, Eh and alkalinity• hydrocarbon fluorescence• In situ Mass spectrometer• Particle flux trap• Image based particle flux• Pigment fluorescence• Deep biosphere sensors• Time-Lapse Cameras• Holographic imaging• Video• Passive acoustics• Active acoustics• Zooplankton sampling• In situ sample processors with molecular/ genetic probes• In situ respiration
EMSO nodesEMSO nodes
Koljö Fjord
OBSEA
EMSO test sitesEMSO test sites
Molènes
SmartBay
SN4 locationSN4 locationeastern part of the
sea at the westernmost end of
the fault rupture caused by the 1999 Izmit earthquake.
Main goals: Relationship between Seismicity & Gas seepage
Marmara SeaMarmara Sea
EC-ESONET-MARMARA-DM EC-ESONET-MARMARA-DM (exp. Sept’09-ongoing)(exp. Sept’09-ongoing)
Partners: Turkey, Italy, FrancePartners: Turkey, Italy, France
DEGASSING EVENTS: preliminary interpretation
Apparently a “pulsation” of degassing by bubbles from the seafloor
Number of CH4 peaks: at least 70 Frequency > 1 peak every 2 days
O2 (mM)
T (°C)
CH4 (mM)
Iberian Margin Iberian Margin Acoustically linked observatoryAcoustically linked observatory
GEOSTARGEOSTAR
Gulf of Cadiz 85 km off-shore 3200 m w.d.
Portugal
N-E A
tlantic
Main goals: Geo-Hazards & Bio-acoustics R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa
MODUSMODUS
GEOSTARGEOSTAR
SISM
ACC
ML=4.7 Gulf of Cadiz (Jan.11, 2008)
EC-NEAREST (exp. Aug.’07-Aug.’08)EC-NEAREST (exp. Aug.’07-Aug.’08)EC-ESONET-LIDO-DM (exp. Nov’09-ongoing)EC-ESONET-LIDO-DM (exp. Nov’09-ongoing)
Partners: Portugal, Spain, Partners: Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Italy, Germany, France,
MoroccoMorocco
Example of pressure signal recorded during NEAREST mission
(1cm H2O ~ 1mbar)
3 m
1 month 2 h
2 days
40 cm
2 cm
Shore Station
NEMO JB
5 km
5 km
> 2000 m w.d.
20 km
Geo-hazard and bio-acoustic module
Bio-acoustic module
Web
2005 Real-time data transmission2008 Recovery for refurbishment2011 Re-deployment (ESONET-LIDO-DM)
Western Ionian Sea (off Catania)Western Ionian Sea (off Catania)
Main goals: Geo-Hazards & Bio-acoustics, Test site for Neutrino Telescope
Synergy between the 2 ESFRI ESFRI infrastructures: KM3NeT KM3NeT and EMSO EMSO
ROV (operative 4000 m)
a b
Z
N
E
T
Z
N
E
T
200 s
Off-shore Peloponnesus (Greece, Feb. 14, 2008): a) MW=6.9; b) MW=6.2
NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatory
Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra (March 28, 2005)
Z
N
E
Seismicity: examples of earthquakes recorded
ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)
85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth(cable deployed 2007, junction box deployed 2009)
85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth(cable deployed 2007, junction box deployed 2009)
Shore Station in Capo Passero Harbour
Western Ionian Sea : Capo Passero infrastructure
Submarine cable100 km - 20 fibres, DC-sea return
Submarine InfrastructureDC/DC Converter 10 kV-375 V
NEPTUNE-like design ROV connectors to end users
INGVINGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy)Co-ordinatorCo-ordinator
ITUITU - Istanbul Teknik Universitesi (Turkey)
IFREMERIFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la MER (France)
UiTUiT - University of Tromsø (Norway)
NOCSNOCS - National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United Kingdom)
HCMRHCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (Greece)
KDMKDM - Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V. (Germany)
IMIIMI - Irish Marine Institute (Ireland)
NIOZNIOZ - Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands)
UGOTUGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden)
UTM-CSICUTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)
FFCULFFCUL - Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)
EMSO-Preparatory Phase Partnership
EMSO data classification & policyEMSO data classification & policyEMSO data classification & policyEMSO data classification & policyMain features Seafloor and water-column in situ measurements Continuous time-series of physical parameters Diverse sampling rate: 10-4 Hz (=1 sample/h) to 102 kHz & Precise timing [stability 10-9 ÷10-11]
Data policy: Open access QC data (data/metadata) Interchangeable formatsLOW rate dataLOW rate data
• ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current
Profiler
• APG Absolute Pressure Gauge
• CTD Conductivity Temperature
• GRA Gravity meter
• PCM Currentmeter
LOW rate dataLOW rate data• ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current
Profiler
• APG Absolute Pressure Gauge
• CTD Conductivity Temperature
• GRA Gravity meter
• PCM Currentmeter
HIGH rate HIGH rate datadata• Seismometer• Hydrophone
HIGH rate HIGH rate datadata• Seismometer• Hydrophone
InstrumentsInstruments
Metadata Metadata onlyonlyMetadata Metadata onlyonly
RDBMS (MySQL)RDBMS (MySQL)File system (ftp, http)
CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH.POPULATION WARNING
CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH.POPULATION WARNING
EMSO PORTALEMSO PORTALEMSO PORTALEMSO PORTAL
DB, catalogueweb serverresource scheduling…
USERS
web servicesweb formsSQL…
streaming audio & videoweb forms …
GRIDCPU computing
GRIDCPU computing
EMSO distributed storage & databaseEMSO distributed storage & database
Integration in
GEOSS
EMSO contribution to GEOEMSO contribution to GEO
Global Ocean Observing
System
GEOSS
EMSO-ERIC will have: Central co-ordination
(statutory seat with central management)
Regional Teams (in charge of the EMSO nodes)
EMSO GovernanceEMSO Governance
Assembly of Members: highest level decision body composed by Representatives of the Countries
Steps towards EMSO-ERICSteps towards EMSO-ERIC
Signatory Countries:Italy, UK, Portugal, Romania, Greece, The Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, France, Spain*
*officially announced
Foreseen: Norway, Turkey
Postponed: Sweden
Italian Ministry Italian Ministry Letter sent to the Letter sent to the Funding Agencies Funding Agencies
DONEDONE
MoU Signature MoU Signature process process
IN PROGRESSIN PROGRESS
Interim Office Interim Office establishmentestablishment
DONEDONE
ERIC Application ERIC Application submissionsubmission
NEXTNEXT
ERIC Application ERIC Application review process review process
NEXTNEXT
ERIC APPROVAL ERIC APPROVAL NEXTNEXT
International dimensionInternational dimension
NEPTUNE Canada DONET Japan
IMOS Australia
MACHO Taiwan
ECSSOS China
OOI United States
Infrastructures integrationInfrastructures integration
Ruhl et al., 2011
Seafloor and water column
In line with:
“Support the development
of a truly integrated and
sustainably funded
European Ocean
Observing System…”
Ostend Declaration 2010
Ruhl et al., 2011 Ruhl et al., 2011
Logistics (Ships, ROVs, etc.) Logistics (Ships, ROVs, etc.)
Fixed point observatories
Mobile observatories
In line with:
“Support the development
of a truly integrated and
sustainably funded
European Ocean
Observing System…”
Ostend Declaration 2010
Infrastructures integrationInfrastructures integration
http://www.emso-eu.orghttp://www.emso-eu.org