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KM3Net and EMSO: joint approach for the Earth and Sea Sciences
Giuditta Marinaro
on behalf of EMSO Consortium
KM3Net Collaboration Meeting – Catania – 25 June 2013
Geosciences
Seismicity Gas hydrate stability Seabed fluid flow Submarine landslides Geo-hazard early warning
Physical Oceanography
Ocean warming Wind-driven circulation Deep-ocean circulation Benthic-water column interactions Marine forecasting
Biogeochemistry
Solubility pump & ocean acidification Biological pump Continental shelf pump Deep-ocean biogeochemical fluxes
Marine Ecology
Climate forcing of ecosystems Molecules to microbes Fisheries Marine noise Deep biosphere Chemosynthetic ecology
Science Objectives
In order to explore the time changing properties of the oceanic environment, sustained observations are essential at a sufficiently high frequency
These provide the means to examine complex interrelations between processes and properties:
- Short-time scales (minutes, hours to days)
- Longer-time scales (up to decades)
A key attribute of many current fixed observatories is that they are real-time multidisciplinary interactive and some cover several environments from the top of the ocean to the seabed
Fixed-point observatories
Socio-economically important topics which cross-cut the outlined science areas include themes spanning numerous spatial and temporal scales such as:
Natural and anthropogenic change
Interactions between ecosystem services, biodiversity, biogeochemistry, physics and climate
Impacts of exploration and extraction of energy, minerals and living resources
Geo-hazard early warning capability for earthquakes, tsunamis, gas hydrate release and slope instability and failure
Connecting scientific outcomes to stakeholders and policy makers
EMSO and Society
What are fixed stationary platforms?
Unmanned, multi-sensor platforms to make measurements from above the air-sea interface to below the seafloor, and with different configurations related to the communications:
Stand-alone and delayed mode
Mooring and seafloor platforms with acoustic/cabled capabilities
Novel scientific achievements
Technological innovation
Data harmonisation and quality control so that data are in the public domain immediately after collection
Develop links with data users: modelling, operational and civilian communities, etc.
Outreach so that the public and funding bodies use and appreciate the value of observatories
EMSO GoalsDevelop a global system of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sustained observatory networks
Integrate and enhance the existing infrastructures
Expansion of observatories in critical, representative locations in particular environments
Towards EMSO-ERIC
Italian Ministry Letter sent to the Funding Agencies
DONE
MoU Signature process
IN PROGRESS
Interim Office establishment
DONE
ERIC Application submission
NEXT
ERIC Application review process
NEXT
ERIC APPROVAL NEXT
Signatory Countries:
Italy, UK, Portugal, Romania, Greece, The Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, France, Spain*
*officially announced
Foreseen: Norway, Turkey
Postponed: Sweden
EMSO environment science extending MEUST infrastructure
EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node
Hydrodynamic – Circulation Biogeochemistry Marine Ecology Geosciences
MEUST SITES
4 sites are under evaluationWith autonomous mooring lines
ANTARESPrefered site
EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node
ANTARES infrastructure
Instrumented Interface Module (MII)
secondary junction box (SJB)
sismometer
Seismology moduleCTDOxygen sensorTurbidity sensorADCPAbsolute pressure sensorOptical camera
Canyon du Var
Canyon du Paillon
EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node
The VAR valley and canyon
The Var submarine canyon is characterized by its direct connection to the Var River
Average flow of the Var river at Nice: 50 m3/s
Side Basin: 3000 Km2
Average seasonal flow (20 years) of the Var river at Nice
After 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
sept oct nov dec jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug
Va
r F
low
(m
3/s
)
Long term strategy: monitoring intermediate and deep variability with core parameters acquisition (T, S, currents, O2, turbidity, particle fluxes)
EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea
Geo-hazards (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity)Bio-acoustics (mammal tracking)
Oceanography (e.g., deep water circulation, current intensity and direction, temperature, salinity)
EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea
EMSO-MedIT: action and cohesion plan - enhancement of public research Infrastructures
Italian Project (19.9 M€)Partners: INGV, INFN, CNR, ISPRA, SZN
MIMED:multidisciplinary shallow and Deep-sea Infrastructure in the MEDiterranean Sea
Italian Project (7.2 M€)Partners: CNR, INGV, INFN, OGS
Fixed Infrastructures
Relocatable infrastructures
Cabled infrastructures
EMSO Cabled nodes
ISPRA ISPRA
INFN
INFN
CNRCNR
CNR
INGVSZN
CNR
INGV
INGV
INGV
CAMPANIAPUGLIA
North-WesternSICILY
CNR
South-WesternSICILY
North-EasternSICILY
EasternSICILY
Geographic distribution of the marine infrastructures enhanced in the frame of EMSO-MedIT
Final design of the Sea-floor network in PortopaloActivities will include:
the final design of the multidisciplinary station that will be connected to the Junction Box on the site of Portopalo.
the construction of the first prototype of the new generation of multiparameter underwater cabled stations.
the construction of the Junction Box that will be connected to the termination frame of the electro-optical cable in Portopalo.
the definition of the procedures for implementation of the underwater node, consisting of Junction Box and multiparametric station.
Enhancement in Portopalo site
Definition of the technical specifications for the monitoring of the water column and associated transmission systems and data management.
Integration of equipment and instrumentation acquired and development of laboratory testing
Planning and carrying out the installation and start of the test phase of the installed infrastructures.
EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea
EMSO & KM3Net: the Earth Science
(Sroi et al., 2007)
tsunamis
2 h
2 days
40 cm
2 cm
3 m
1 month Pressure: 1cm H2O ~ 1mbar
Early detection of tsunamigenic events:Seismic wavesAbsolute pressure
Low f sound waves
Geohazards:
Sumatra – Mw 8.5 (March 28, 2005)
EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences
Oceanography:
oxygen
temperature
salinity
turbidity
pressure
EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences
Oceanography:
EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences
current
radioactivity
Gamma Energy Marine Spectrometerdetects total gamma spectrum in ocean seawater
EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences
biology:Acoustic array
Other EMSO instrumentation that could be useful for KM3Net calibration:
Light transmissometersSedimentation and biofouling monitorsCamerasSediment traps…..