HSSN New _final

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Hardware software systems and Network

Hardware ,software system and network Page 1

ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY


Network Proposal for ICT Resources Malaysia Public Limited

Company

CE00382-HSSN2-CSE

Submitted to :Mr. Arun Choudary

Submitted on4/8/2010

Hand Out Date: 15 FEBRUARY 2011

Submitted By: Neenu John (PT0881130)


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Neenu John of 6th

semester pursuing B.Engg. (Honors) Degree from

A.P.I.I.T SD INDIA has successfully completed the Individual project in Hardware, Software

System and Networks module under the guidance of Lecturer Mr. Arun Chaudhary within the

stipulated time duration.

Neenu John Module Lecturer: (Mr. Arun Choudhary)

PT0881130 __________________________

Date: - April 8, 2011


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Table of contents

1.Abstract5

2.Introduction..6

2.1Preface..6

2.2 Objectives..6

3 Analyzing the layout of ICT..7

3.1 Assumptions..7

4 Network...8

4.1 Network Advantage 8

4.2 Network Disadvantage9

4.3 Types of Network..9

4.3.1 LAN9

4.3.2 WAN.10

4.3.3 MAN..10

4.4 Network Architecture..10

4.4.1 Peer-to-peer10

4.4.2 Client Server...11

4.5 network Topology12

4.5. Mesh Topology....12

4.5.2 Star topology.13

4.5.3 Bus Topology14

4.5. 4Ring Topology.......14

4.5.5 Tree Topology.15


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4.6 Transmission Media..16

4.6 .1 Twisted pair cables 16

4.6.2 Coaxial Cables17

4.6.3 fiber optics17

4.6.4 Comparison between cables.18

4.7 Standards,protocols and applications....19

Proposed Network and justifications..20

5.1 proposed LAN solution diagram20

5.2 proposed WAN solution diagram..21

5.3 proposed network Architecture.21

5.4 Proposed network topology..22

5.5 proposed transmission medium...23

5.6 Description of above scenario....24

5.7 Virtual Private Network25

5.8 IP Addressing....26

6 Requirements and Cost estimation of proposed system27

7 network Problems.28

8 Future Enhancements........28

9Conclusion...29

10 Gantt Chart..30

11. References..31


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1. Abstract

Major part of the world is in the hands of technology .Like the telephone and the television, the

network and data communication has performs an important role in restructuring our daily lives

While folks of an older generation remember a much different age, most people can hardly

remember a time where the network and data communication was not available.

The Internet is not just a network; it is a whole community in and out of itself. It is a revolution

that changed our society, our lives, and our entire world. What other thing can we invariably say

has completely connected everyone in the world, one that is free of social and cultural

differences? The Network acts as a common ground, a community of information and

recreation, for the world to walk upon. As of now, it is even easier for some to meet friends on-

line than in real life - with sites like Myspace and Facebook dominating most of the social

scene. These are best examples of social network sites.

The main aim of this assignment is to suggest a effective and efficient network for ICT

Resources Malaysia Public Limited Company, which is the one of the supplier of business

equipment and office supplies of its kind in South East Asia. This network proposal includes the

details about the network that is suitable for the ICT and the advantages and disadvantages of it.It also includes the network topologies, transmission media, protocols, network devices,

architecture technologies, possible problems and the future enhancements in the network of ICT.

.


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2. Introduction

2.1 Preface

ICT Resources Malaysia Public Limited Company has hired you as a network consultant. This

company is the only supplier of business equipment and office supplies of its kind in South East

Asia. The lack of competition has caused the owners not to make major investments into the

business. A nationally recognized competitor recently opened for business with plans to put ICT

Resources out of business. In response to this, the owners of ICT Resources have decided to

reinvest substantial sum of money in the company.

2.2 Objectives

To provide an efficient and effective network for ICT Network.

Identify the advantage and disadvantage of Networks.

Understanding the type transmission media

Understanding different type of topology

Indentify and provide suitable network topology and transmission medium for ICT

Resources.

Identify and propose the LAN and WAN network connections


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3.Analyzing the Layout of the ICT

ICT Resources locally owns a 2 storey building and currently has already grown to a level where

they now have resources of 35 staff and this figure is still growing. They have developed and

spread their business to 3 strategic locations throughout South East Asia with more upcoming

offices in other locations planned for 2012. These new offices will incorporate the retail concept

coupled with local sales offices.

ICT Resources decided to set up office with approximately 30 to 35 employees. The goal is to

determine the type of network topology they will need within the office. Consider the types ofcomputer and number of printers, audio devices, microphones, LCD projectors, and

multifunction peripherals that are needed. Before they invest money in the local area network,

the owner wants to know more about networks and internet connection.

3.1 Assumptions

Now there is no internet facility for all the employees in ICT expect the location head

In the main office there are 3 departments. Production department, accounts department

and

Administrative department

Presently there is no local network inside the office.

The number of employees in each department is as, 5 in accounts,5 in administrator, 19 in

and 2 as network administrators.

Each employee has each computer and each computer have sound device and micro

phone.

Each department consist of one printer, production department consist of LCD projectors

and one security cameras.


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4. Network

Network is a collection of computers and devices that are interconnected with each other

.through communication links .Link is a communication pathway which helps to transfer data

from one device to another device .A computer network can interact with other network by two

ways wired or wirelessly .For efficient communication , two device must be connected with

each other. There are two possible type of connection are available one is point to to point

another one is multipoint.

Pointtopoint : A point- to point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices

.It is used to establish the direct connection.

Multipoint : A multipoint connection in which more than two specific device shares a single link.

4.1. Network Advantage

Information Sharing : The main advantage of network is information sharing. A large

number of users belonging to same area or same organization but spread over at different

places can communicate and share useful files, software and information at right times

via network of computers.

Speed: Sharing and transferring of data occurring in a network is rapid. So we can send

the data of larger size like high resolution photographs over the network.

Flexible Access: Computer network allows accessing the file in a flexible manner.

Security: Network is also allows establishing security by ensuring that the network users

may only have access to certain files and applications. Sensitive files and data in the

network are password protected to avoid the illegal coping of data

Work Group Computing: Work group software such as Microsoft back office allows

concurrent access of files and data.

Centralized Software Management: Files can be stored on a central computer (the file

server) allowing data to be shared throughout the entire network

Cost: Individual license copy of many software may be costly. Shared programs on the

network allows easy up gradation of file server rather than the individual work stations.


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Resource sharing: Network allows to share the resources like printer , scanner , fax

machines modems

Back up Facility: Files can be backed up more easily when they are all on a central

fileserver rather than when they are scattered across a number of independent

workstations.

4.2 Network Disadvantage

Loss of data and resources: Network failure and device failure will shut the entire

network it causes loss data. Network faults cause loss of resources. If the network stops

operating then it may not be possible to access to various computers.

Difficult to manage: Network set up is very costly because of hardware and software.

Network set up take a lot of time to complete. The larger the network becomes difficult to

manage

Location of resources: Resources could not be located too far from users. If resources are

too far it take to much time to share the resources like printer .it will negatively affect the

access flexibility.

Storage space and Bandwidth: Users may use too much bandwidth - for example when

listening to music files or watching video clips - preventing others from using the

network facilities properly .Usage of larger storage may cause problems on the network.

4.3 Types of Network

According to the size of the network we can divide the network into three types. Local Area Network

(LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).

4.3.1 LAN (Local Area Network)

Local area networks are designed to allow resources to be shared between personal computers or

workstations. The resources to be shared can include hardware, software or data .The best

example of LAN is found in business organizations. One of the computers may be given a large

capacity disc which acts as a server to clients. Softwares are installed into central server and is

used by the whole network group .The most common LAN topologies are bus ,ring ,star


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.currently LAN size is limited to few kilometers. Generally, LAN is using one type of

transmission medium.

4.3.2 WAN (Wide Area Network)

Wide aera network provides long distance transmission of data ,image audios and video

information over large geographic aera.WAN can be simple like dial up lines connect to the

individual pc and internet .It can be complex also like backbones that connect the internet. We

normally refers two types WAN switched WAN connects to the end systems and the point to

point WAN connects home computer to an internet service provider.

4.3.2 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A metropolitan area network is a network with a size between a LAN and a WAN. It normally

covers the area inside a town or a city .A best example of a MAN is the part of telephone

network that can provide a high-speed DSL line to the customer .MAN provides high speed

connectivity, normally to the internet. It provides the internet connectivity for a LAN in a

metropolitan network.

4.4 Network Architecture

Network architecture, is the logical and structural layout of the network consisting of

transmission equipment, software and communication protocols and infrastructure (wired or

wireless) transmission of data and connectivity between components

http://en.kioskea.net/faq/2761-what-is-network-architecture

4.4.1 Peer-to-peer Network

Peer-to peer network is a type of network in which each

workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.

Peer-to-peer networks are generally simpler, but they usually

do not offer the same performance under heavy loads. In peer

to peer network there is no dedicate server . Thus each

computer in such a network is part server and part client

Figure .1
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/workstation.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/load.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/load.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/workstation.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network.html


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4.4.2 Client server Network

In client-server architecture, a business's computer

network will have a server computer, which functions as

the "back bone of the organization, and a group of client

computers, which are commonly called workstations. By

using the server we can improve efficiency of client

server architecture .Most of the cases the server part of

client server having large capacity of storage and also

provides high functionality .Client part in the client server

architecture are smaller computer having individual

responsibilities.

Architecture Advantage Disadvantage

Client Server

Centralized Resources

Centralized storage of data.Easier to find and backup the data

and the files

Efficient

Multiple users can use hardware

and software

Security

Central Server Machine can secure

all other workstations.

Scalability

Easy to upgrade resources

If the server goes down, it

takes part or the wholenetwork with it.

It is more expensive to

install.

Needs to be maintained by

staff with high IT skills.

Peer to -Peer Reduced cost(the costs involved Only suitable for small no

Figure 2.


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in such a network are hardware,

cabling and maintenance )

well tested simplicity

Connected using simple and

straightforward cabling

of computers

No Centralized system

Lack of security

Table. 1

4.5 Network Topology

Network topology refers to the Structure or design of the connected devices. Network topologies

can be physical or logical. Physical Topology means the physical design of a network including

the devices, location and cable installation. Logical Topology refers to the fact that how dataactually transfers in a network as opposed to its design.

4.5.1 Mesh topology

In mesh topology every device has a dedicated point to point connection with every other device.

The term dedicated means that link carries traffic only between the two devices it connects. In

mesh topology needs n(n-1)/2 duplex mode links ,n is

the no of nodes.

Network Topology

Mesh Star Bus Ring Tree

Figure 3

Figure 4.


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Advantage Disadvantage

Use of large no of links reduce networktraffic

A mesh topology is robust in nature .ifone link becomes unusable it does not

disable the entire system.

It offers privacy and security

Use of large number of cables makesthe network very much expensive

Interconnection of device leads todifficulty in installation and

reconfiguration of devices

Hardware required to connect each linkcan make it more expensive to

implement

Table 2

4.5.2 Star topology

In a star topology each device has a dedicated point to

point connection with only device usually known as a

hub. In a star topology devices are not directly linked to

one another. Unlike mesh topology it does not allow

direct traffic between the devices. The controller act as

an exchange between the two devices.

Advantage disadvantage

Less expensive than mesh topology

because it requires less number ofcables.

Easy to install and reconfigure it,

each device needs only one link

and one input-output port.

Robust it nature, failure of onesystem doesnt affect the whole

network

Dependency of all topology on a single

point called hub. If the hub goes downthen the whole system will be dead.

The cost of the hub make the network

more expensive

Table 3

Figure 5.


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4.5.3 Bus topology

A bus uses multipoint connection instead of point to

point-to-point connection. Tap in a bus topology one

cable acts as a backbone and nodes are connected in a

bus topology through drop lines tap.A drop line is aconnection running between the device and the main

cable.


A Bus topology is easier toinstall.Less expensive than star andmesh because less cables are

required,Less redundancy of cables

Difficulty in reconnection and faultisolationSignal reflection at the taps can countdegradation and quality

breaks in the bus cable stops alltransmission.

Table 4

4.5.4 Ring Topology

In a ring topology each device has a dedicated point to point link with one two device on either

side of each. Signal is passed along the ring in one direction from one device to another device

until it reaches a destination. Each device in a ring

topology uses a repeater.

Figure 6

Figure 7.


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A ring is relatively easy to install and

reconfigure it.In a ring topology each device linked

only its intermediate neighbors. For

addition and removal we need tochange only two connections.

It uses unidirectional traffic. A break in the

ring can stop all transmissions.

Table 5

4.5.5Tree Topology

A tree is a variation of star topology. Nodes in a tree are linked to standard controller known ashub which directly controls the traffic of the network. However not every device are directly

connected to the central hub. Majority of the devices are

connected to the secondary hub.


It provides point to point connectivity

with the primary and the secondary

hub.

It provides an easy exchange

If the back bone line breaks the entire

segment will go down.

Table 6

Figure 8.


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4.6 Transmission Media

Transmission media is anything that carry signal from source to destination. Best example

transmission media is air. It can be metallic cables or fiber optics cable. In telecommunication

transmission media is divided in to two broad categories guided media and the unguided media.

Guided media provides connection from source to destination by using twisted pain cables ,

coaxial cables , and fiber optic cables. Unguided media

4.6.1 Twisted Pair Cable

Twisted pair cable consist two conductors having an insulation coating .One of the wire used to

carry signal to the receiver, and the other is used only as a ground reference. The receiver uses

the difference between the two. There is a chance to inference and cross talk it results in the

creation of unwanted signal. Effect of the unwanted

signals change according to the arrangement of wires

like wires are parallel .If both wires situated at different

location then the noise or crosstalk will be more, this

results in a difference at the receiver. By twisting the

pairs, we can maintain .Twisting makes it possible that

both wires are equally affected by external influences

.Two types of twisted pair cables are available.

Unshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair cables.

Transmission Media

Guided

(Wired)

Twisted pair cable Fiber -optic cable Coaxial Cable

Unguided

(wireless)

Free Space

Figure 9.

Figure 10.


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4.6.2 Coaxial Cable

Un like twisted pair cables Coaxial cable carries signal

having higher frequency .Coaxial cable has a central core

conductor of solid or standard wire enclosed in a insulating

sheath which is ,in turn, encased in an outer conductor of

metal foil braid or a combination of the two. The outer

metallic wrapping serves both as a shield against noise and as the second conductor , which

completes the circuit. Coaxial cables are widely used in analog telephone networks.

4.6.3 Fiber Optic cable

A fiber optic cables transmits signal in the form of

light .These cables are made by glass or plastics.

Signal in the fiber optics transmits on the basis of total

internal reflection. Fiber optics use reflection to guide

light through a channel. A glass or a plastic core is

surrounded by a cladding of less dense glass or

plastic. The difference in density of two materials

must be such that a beam of light moving through the core is reflected off the cladding instead of

being refracted to it. Fiber optics is often found in back bone networks.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.


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4.6.4Comparison between Cables

Characteristics Coaxial Cable Twisted Pair Cables Fiber Optics

Susceptibility to

interference

Good resistance to

interference

UTP: Very susceptible

STP: Good resistance

Not susceptible to

interference

Ease of

installation

Easy to install UTP: Very easy; often

preinstalled

STP: Moderately easy Difficult to install

Flexibility

Fairly flexible UTP: Most flexible

STP: Less flexible than

UTP

Less flexible than

coaxial cable

Special features

Electronic support

components are less

expensive than twisted-

pair cable

UTP: Same as telephone

wire; often preinstalled in

buildings

STP: Supports higher

transmission rates than

UTP

Supports voice, data,

and video

Transmission

rates

4-100 Mbps UTP: 4-100 Mbps

STP: 16-500 Mbps

100 Mbps or more (

> 1Gbps)

Table 7 [1]


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4.7 Standards, Protocols and Application

Protocols are the special rules that exist for the data interchange at the application program level. Computer networking involves many different pieces of hardware and software that help move

data from one computer to another. These different elements could not work together unless they

had a common understanding of formats, codes and operating procedures. A protocol is a

combination of these factors codified into a common standard. All networking technologies have

standards associated with them. Network standards facilitate the interoperability of network

technologies.[2]

TCP/IP Protocol or Internet Protocol

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language

or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network

(either an intranet or an extranet). Main functions of TCP/IP protocol is described below.[3]

Addressing/Multiplexing: The main function of TCP protocol is multiplexing the data

received from various process .This help to send the data on the network layer.

Connection establishment, management and termination: TCP provides set of procedures

that devices follow to negotiate and establish TCP connection over which data can travel.

Data handling and packaging: TCP defines a mechanism by which applications are able

to send data from it to higher levels

Routing / Indirect Delivery

When source and final destination are situated so far away means both are not attached

directly. In these case datagram can send indirectly

Fragmentation and Reassembly

However, the maximum frame size of each physical/data-link network using IP may be

different. For this reason, IP includes the ability to fragment IP datagrams into pieces so

they can each be carried on the local network
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5. Proposed Networks & Justifications

5.1 Proposed LAN Solution Diagrams

Figure 13.


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5.2 WAN Solution Diagrams

ISP

5.3 Proposed network Architecture

Client server architecture is suit for ICT resources.ICT resources is spread over the south east

asia. In a client-server model, there can be only one server and one or more than one clients. The

clients are connected to the server. Server is a computer system that is shared by several users in

network. A network consists of more than one computer,each performing a particular task .This

model consists of high end servers, which provides services to the clients as per the request sent

by the client on a network. Client systems never function as servers. It is not possible for one

client to access shared resources on another clients system .client server architecture offers more

security than per to peer technology.

Congestion: Client-server networks can become congested and overload the server with requests

Network Alterations: In client-server set-ups, a server can be altered without disturbing the

clients, while P2P systems require accessing every peer in the network.[4]

Figure 14.


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5.4 Proposed Network Topology

Proposed network topology for ICT resources is extended star topology. Extended star topology

is the combination two star topology .Each devices are connected to the central controller calledhub .In star topology direct linkage of connected device is not allowable. So the breakage of one

device does not depends the entire system. The entire system can continue its working.

A star topology is less expensive than a mesh topology. In a star each device needs only one link

and one I/O port to connect it to any other number of others. This factor also makes it easy to

install and reconfigure .Far less cabling needs to be housed , and additions, moves and deletions

involve only one connection between that device and hub.

(Example of star topology)

Hub

Figure 15.


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5.5 Proposed transmission medium

Proposed transmission media for ICT resources is fiber optic cables. we need two types of mediums

in which one medium for the internal LAN and other for the connection to the ISP (Internet service

Provider). Ethernet 10BaseT (Cat5e, Unshielded Twisted Pair cable) is used for LAN configuration

Advantage of Cat5e cables.

Flexibility : Flexibility is one of the major advantages offered by Cat5 cables. The

technology it uses is so simple that it is possible for a nonprofessional person to install it

and start using it. Cables can also be as long as you need

Ease of Installation: A Cat5 cable is very user-friendly to install

Ruggedness: Cat5e cables are not easy to break or snap. If they do break, it is easy to

repair them.

For connection to Internet service provider 10BaseF is recommended which is supported by

Optical Fiber. Reasons for opting optical fiber for connection to ISP are .

No shock hazard

Longer life expectancy than copper or coaxial cable

High data rate and high band width

Secure communications


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5.6 Description for above scenario

LAN

ICT resources consist of LAN and WAN network.ICT network office is a two storeybuildingaccording to the network diagram Ground floor have accounts section and administrative section.

Administrative department contain five personal computers, one fax machine and one printer.

Telephones are used for communicate with the clients and also communicate with the other

department.fax machines are used for client communication .Printer is used to take the important

documents .The whole network is connected by hub. Here hub acts as a connector. It connects

the wires coming from different branches.

Accounts department in the ground floor contains s personal computer one printer and one

telephone connection. Telephone communication allows client communication.

VLAN Configuration for First Floor

A VLAN allows a network administrator to create groups of logically networked devices that act

as if they are on their own independent network, even if they share a common infrastructure with

other VLANs. The benefits of VLAN are Security, cost reduction, higher performance,

broadcast storm migration, IT staff efficiency and Simpler project or applicationmanagement.

Advantages

Cost And time Reduction

Creating virtual work groups

Security

First Floor contains production department which contains 21 personal computer ,one video

camera ,one printer , one projector , projector screen ,telephone. Server room is located in first

floor. Routers are used to connecting networks together. A router runs on software that allows

the device to move data from one networkto another. Routers operate at the networklayer.
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WAN

ICT resources Malaysia is the only supplier of business equipment and office supplies of its kind

in South East Asia. They have developed and spread their business to 3 strategic locations

throughout South East Asia with more upcoming offices in other locations planned for 2012.This

office is distributed in a particular geographic area so we have to establish the Wireless area

network for communication between these offices. The above diagram shows the WAN network

diagram contains 3 network firewalls for security and the entire network bulding.ICT network

uses switched WAN network. It connects the end systems, which usually comprise a router

(internetworking connecting device) that connects to another LAN or WAN. The best example of

switched WAN is ATM networks.

5.7 VPN (Virtual Private Network)

A virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses a

public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the

Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with

secure access to their organization's network. A virtual

private network can be contrasted with an expensive

system of owned or leased lines that can only be used by

one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide the

organization with the same capabilities, but at a much

lower cost.[5]

Advantages

Cost saving: eliminating the need for expensive long-distance leased lines. VPN reduces long-distance telephone charge .It offers offloading of support cost

Flexibility and Reliability: VPN is improving the reliability of data services of company.

Better Performance: Owing to the fact that more high capacity data service options can be

used, the bandwidth and efficiency of the network generally increases after a VPN solution is

installed.

Figure 16.


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Improved Security: The use of encryption protocols and authentication helps secure the data

that is t raveling over the VPN channel

Disadvantages of VPN

. VPNs require an in-depth understanding of public network security issues and proper

deployment of precautions.

The availability and performance of an organization's wide-area VPN (over the Internet in

particular) depends on factors largely outside of their control.

5.8 IP Addressing

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or host connection on an IP

network. An IP address is a 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values, each

representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) separated by decimal points. This is

known as "dotted decimal" notation. The Class of the address and the subnet mask determine

which part belongs to the network address and which part belongs to the node address .There are

five different class addresses class A (begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal), class B(10xx,

or 128 to 191 decimal),class c(10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal),class D(1110, or 224 to

239 decimal), Class E(1111, or 240 to 254 decimal).ICT will get a privet address form ISP and

the all devices inside will use public IP address.The IP range, subnet mask, and network address

for each network of ICT is as below. All network address is given below

Ground Floor

Network Address 192.168.1.1

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.254Starting IP Address 192.168.1.2

Last IP Address 192.168.1.11

First Floor Network Address 192.168.1.12

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.254


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Starting IP Address 192.168.1.12

Last IP Address 192.168.1.33

Table 8

6 .Requirements and Cost estimation of proposed system

Device type Number providesPer

cost(Rs)

Total

(Rs)

Router 4 port ethernet 1 Cisco 553000 553000

Hub 10 mpbs 4 port

ethernet

3 HP 2500 7500

Database server Media smart

servers

1 Dell 28700 28700

Telephone Land Phone 3 BSNL 600 1800

Printer Ink jetprinter 3 hp 6500 19500

Fax 1 hp 6950 6950

Projector With RJ 45 port 1 HP 5500 5500

Cable CAT5e 4500 mts 1400

per1000 mts

6300

Security Camera Video camera 1 Ice mart 550 550

Total 132100

Table 9


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7 .Network Problems

Cables: Most of the network problems are caused by faulty cables. Breakage of cables

leads to the shut down of the entire net work system.

Connectivity issues: This can be caused by a number of things, including configuration

changes or the malfunction of connectivity devices, such as in the case of a switch, router

or hub. The first thing to do, of course, is to check your physical connections. If

something is disconnected, you'll need to reconnect and test it in order to make sure that

the problem is resolved

Duplication of IP address: Each IP address in the network refers a specific computer. But

sometimes two will receive the same one as the result of an error. When this happens Software problems: Registry problems may also cause a networking issue, an error or

invalid attack of the software installed in a network can dump the entire system.

Security Issues: unauthorized access leads to lose data. Virus and the malwares

(corrupted program files) are common threat which we can find on the network.

8. Future Enhancements

ICT resources Malaysia is going to establish their 3 branches on south east asia.

Employees and customers will also increase. Use one more server or mainframe to

manage the entire network system.

Use secure modems, crypto cable routers for ensuring the security of the entire network

system.

Implement new techniques and install new software to check security concerns like

hacking and stealing of information.

Use of efficient firewall like packet filtering to protect the network

Instead of using extended star topology. Use hybrid topologies.

Use advance network cables for LAN and WAN


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9. Conclusion

As per the requirement of ICT Network resource proposed contain the combination of LAN and

WAN Network. Extended star topology is used to build the whole network .The main advantage

of using this topology is , it requires less amount of cables .Network firewalls are added to this

network for ensuring the entire network security. Client server architecture is proposed for this

network .in client server network one computer is act as a server and the rest of them will be the

clients. Data will transmit between the client and the server.

Fiber optic cables are suggested for ICT resources as transmission medium. In fiber optic cables

high frequency and high bandwidth data will travel. It increases the network efficiency.

Each department has different networks so that data will be secure between departments.

The concept of VLAN will help this dividing network. Hug is acts as a connector. The normal

cost for the development of network is calculated and it will not become a big amount when it

comes to profit after the using it. To connect between the buildings the VPN concept is used its

more cost effective and efficient too.


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10.Gantt Chart


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