Upload
beatrice-shepherd
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
HSC on board library – CBT 7HSC on board library – CBT 7
Course FormatCourse Format
Course is made up of Course is made up of this power point this power point presentation accompanied by the short presentation accompanied by the short questionnaire next to you!questionnaire next to you!
Please ask an agency employee to assist Please ask an agency employee to assist whenever required.whenever required.
You can advance through the presentation You can advance through the presentation by hitting the “ENTER” key with your desired by hitting the “ENTER” key with your desired speed!speed!
You should be able to complete in 2 hoursYou should be able to complete in 2 hours
CHECK ON YOURSELF CHECK ON YOURSELF
Please read the questionnaire and answerthe questions to your best knowledgewithout consulting this presentation or aninstructor. Be fair to yourself! Complete it (not more than 8-10 minutes),Turn it around and continue here.
The chance of an adverse event The likelihood of hazard being realised The combination of the probability, or
frequency of occurrence of a defined hazard and
The magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence.
You should knowYou should know3 Common areas of risk to the 3 Common areas of risk to the company and shipboard staff:company and shipboard staff:
COST
1. Risk to Health and safety, Consequences are injuries and fatalities
2. Risk to Environment, Consequence is pollution, etc
3. Risk to Operations, consequence are broken equipment, damaged cargo, off-hire, etc
RISK TO ENVIRONMENT
RISK TO HEALTH AND
SAFETY
RISK TO OPERATION
HOW DO WE MANAGE THE HOW DO WE MANAGE THE RISKS?RISKS?
Through the proceduresThrough the procedures
By Safety management systemBy Safety management system
What is the result if we
make enough regulations ??
We will not have
accidents.
Principles of risk Principles of risk ManagementManagement
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
1.1. What are the risks in shipboard What are the risks in shipboard operations?operations?
2.2. How often are you or your crew, at riskHow often are you or your crew, at risk
3.3. What are the consequences of an What are the consequences of an accident?accident?
4.4. What can you do about What can you do about it ?????????????????????it ?????????????????????
Risks in Lifeboat Drills Risks in Lifeboat Drills (for example)(for example)
Killed more than safe ?Killed more than safe ? UK marine Accident investigation Branch’s
database, accumulated over 10 - year period,
Indicate the lifeboat and launching system cost the lives of 12 seafarers. ( 16% of total lives lost on UK flagged vessels)
+ 87 seafarers injured
It happened during drill and training
X 12 Seafarers
X 87 Seafarers
What’s wrong
???
Too late for us, but don’t forget Risk Assessment and
Incident Investigation for the rest of our
colleagues who are still alive !!!
DAMAGE OF L/BOATs DURING DRILL
What is the purpose of What is the purpose of Risk Assessment ?Risk Assessment ?
The purpose The purpose
Is to ensure that careful examinations Is to ensure that careful examinations of of shipboard operations are carried outshipboard operations are carried out
to determine what can cause harmto determine what can cause harm that existing controls are adequate that existing controls are adequate determine or risk levels are tolerable.determine or risk levels are tolerable.
Objective of Risk Objective of Risk AssessmentAssessment
The ObjectiveThe Objective
Where risk level are unacceptable, to identify Where risk level are unacceptable, to identify
and implement appropriate controls to and implement appropriate controls to reducereduce
risk levels to as low as reasonable risk levels to as low as reasonable practicablepracticable
Expected outputs of a Risk Expected outputs of a Risk Assessment ????????Assessment ????????
Minimisation of risk to people and the Minimisation of risk to people and the environmentenvironment
Improvement in operational Improvement in operational performanceperformance
Assist on establishing a responsible Assist on establishing a responsible image within the marketplaceimage within the marketplace
How do accidents happen!How do accidents happen!
Accident
Near Misses
Unsafe ships
Lack of Safety Culture
Lack of shipboard teamwork
Social well being of seafarers
Successful safety Management
Affects of Operation PerformanceAffects of Operation Performance
There is an absolute link between the social There is an absolute link between the social well being of seafarers and a successful well being of seafarers and a successful Safety Management System onboard!Safety Management System onboard!
Regulations could reduce level of RiskRegulations could reduce level of Risk
Level of risk
REGULATIONS
LOW
HIGH
RISK MANAGEMENT
Safety assessment processSafety assessment process
Identification of HazardsIdentification of Hazards
Risk assessmentRisk assessment
Risk control optionsRisk control options
Cost benefit assessmentCost benefit assessment
Recommendations for decision makingRecommendations for decision making
Risk Assessment ProgrammeRisk Assessment Programme• Make sure shipboard personnel aware that company is serious about risk assessment Make sure shipboard personnel aware that company is serious about risk assessment • Ensure procedure are in place before commencementEnsure procedure are in place before commencement
• Provide training
1.1. Purpose and Purpose and objectiveobjective
2.2. Identifying the Identifying the hazards and controlshazards and controls
3.3. Assessing riskAssessing risk
4.4. ALARP ( as low as ALARP ( as low as reasonably reasonably practicable) $$$$$$$practicable) $$$$$$$
5.5. Review processesReview processes
• Identify who should carried out the risk assessment
1.1. Experience personExperience person
2.2. Old + Young = Experience + Old + Young = Experience + ObjectivityObjectivity
ReviewReview
RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESSPROCESS
COMPRISES 7 STAGESCOMPRISES 7 STAGES• Inventory of shipboard operations
• Identify hazards
• Identify existing controls
• Determine risk
• Decide if risk is tolerable
• Implement Controls
• Review assessments
Inventory of shipboard Inventory of shipboard operationsoperations
Operation type
Deck
Engine
Cargo
Vessel Integrity
Routines
Mooring
Navigation
Man on deck in heavy weather
Watchman doing round check in darkness
Lowering/Launching of L/B and MOB boat
Entering cold weather
Operation group Operation
• Importance to list and categorize all shipboard operations
Which Operations do you Which Operations do you assess FIRST ???assess FIRST ???
First SELECT those that have a potential for loss which could do most harm to
1. people, 2. property, 3. the environment,4. the reputation of the company.
Identify hazards, what causes Identify hazards, what causes an accident?an accident?
Accident
Direct causes
Indirect causes
Root Causes
Consequences
Falling, slipping, fire, Explosion, Oil spill, Collision, Grounding, system Failure
Unsafe Acts
Unsafe Conditions
Job factors
Personal factors
Lack of control
Smoking, not wearing PPE, Ignoring safe working practices
Dark, noisy, toxic/explosive
Atmosphere,
Design, equipment, manning
Fatigue, lack of training, Organisation or Familiarity
Lack of management, poor Management, lack of controls
For ExampleFor Example
Accident - Ship runs aground
Direct Cause - Duty Officer set wrong course on Auto-pilot.
Indirect cause - Fatigue due to lack of rest prior to bridge watch
Root cause - Company policy on rest periods not fully implemented
CREATING SAFE WORKING CREATING SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
1st STEP
(KEY POINT)
CONTROL
SAFE OPERATIONS
2ND STEP
Will Cause
MINIMISE THE HAZARDS
RESULT
Difference between Hazard and EventDifference between Hazard and Event
Hazard EventHazard Event
Slippery Surface Slipping causing a minor injury
Corroded ladder Rung collapsing causing bruised/cut foot
Combustible atmosphere Explosion causing fatalities
Toxicity Inhalation causing fatalities
Darkness Banging head or tripping causing minor injury
Depending on the nature of the operation, the consequences of an event can have different levels of severity;
darkness may have a greater impact on the entry into enclosed spaces than on navigation,
Ask following 3 questions which could you help to find hazards and the nature of the harm,
1. Is there a source of harm?2. Who or What can be harmed?3. How could harm occur?
Identify Existing ControlsIdentify Existing Controls
Controls can fall into following categories
1.1. ProcedureProcedure – – the majority of the controls will be in the form of procedure
2.2. Environment Environment – – For example – oily / water separator
3.3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - For example – Breathing Apparatus, Gloves
4.4. Human Element Human Element –– For example: Rest periods, training
5.5. Design/engineering Design/engineering –– For example: Increasing the strength of hatch covers, fitting hoops around ladders
How to determine the Risk ?How to determine the Risk ?
is the combination of
1. The likelihood of the hazardous event occurring
2. The severity of the consequences
Assessing LikelihoodAssessing Likelihood
Highly unlikely < Once per year per fleet
Unlikely < Once per year per ship
Likely < Once or more per year per ship
Likelihood Occurrence
Consequence Level…….Needs to be determined for possible harm to people, ship
and/or the environmentFor Example………………………………
Consequence
Slightly harmful
Harmful
Extremely harmful
Effect
cuts, bruises, headaches or discomfort due to surrounding environment.
Requires first aid, but able to resume work next day.
Minor pollution, unacceptable funnel emissions
Laceration, burns, temporarily disability
Unable to return to work within 3 days or requires repatriation
Moderate pollution, Onboard oil spill contained
Amputations, major fractures, multiple injuries, poisoning or fatal injuries
Unable to resume sea-going employment
Major pollution, Overboard oil pollution
Qualitative Risk TableOnce you have determined the likelihood and the level of consequence, you can determine
the level of risk using the qualitative risk table
ConsequenceConsequence
Likelihood Slight Harmful harmful Extremely harmful
Highly unlikely Trivial Risk Tolerate Risk Moderate Risk
Unlikely Tolerable Risk Moderate Risk Substantial Risk
Likely Moderate Risk Substance Risk Intolerable Risk
Decide if Risk is TolerateDecide if Risk is Tolerate
TrivialTrivial
Tolerate
Moderate
Substantial
Intolerable
~No action is required and no documentary records need be kept.
~No additional controls are required. consideration may be given to more cost effective solution of improvement that imposes no additional cost burden. Monitoring is required to ensure that controls are maintained.
~Effort should be made to reduce risk. but the costs of prevention should be carefully measured and limited.
~Work should not be started until the risk has been reduced. Considerable resources may have to be allocolated to reduce the risk. Where the risk involves work in progress, Urgent action should be taken.
~Work should not be started or continued until the risk has been reduced. If it is not possible to reduce the risk even with unlimited resources, Work has to remain prohibited.
Risk Action
ALARP PRINCIPLEALARP PRINCIPLE
Unacceptable Region
Tolerable Region
Broadly acceptable region
Necessary to maintain asssurance that Risk remains at this level
Tolerable if cost of reduction would exceed the improvement
Tolerable only if risk reduction is impracticable or if its cost is grossly disproportionate to the improvement gained
Risk can’t be justified unless there are acceptable reasons
Incr
ea
sin
g L
ev
el o
f R
isk
For following example for For following example for personnel to personnel to Enter Enter
EnclosedEnclosed spacespace with with minimum controlminimum control
1.Unacceptable region of ALARP
It would be unacceptable for personnel to enter oil cargo tank when full of oil or not gas free as the risks are too high
It is within the bounds of reason however, expect this to happen under exceptional circumstances, i.e. rescue
2a.Tolerable region of ALARP
(Upper Zone) Enter to empty fuel oil Tank Risk to personnel of entering the tank could
be high BUT not as high as full tank
To drive down the risk vast amount of money involved (designing and fitting hi-tech ventilation, lighting system, etc)
The cost of such measurement would be grossly disproportionate to the improvement
THEREFORE OPERATION IN ITS PRESENT STATE IS TOLERABLE AND RISKS ARE REDUCED TO LEVEL THAT CAN BE CONSIDERED ALARP.
Enter into empty and well ventilated fresh water tank
Generally operation with Tolerable risk level
2b.Tolerable region of ALARP (Lower Zone)
If harm occurs, it is more likely the result of a consequence of an individual’s action rather than from any inherent properties of MT tank.
To drive down – need low or moderate expense But could be considered unnecessary as current
Risk levels are already ALARP
3.The Broadly acceptable region of 3.The Broadly acceptable region of ALARPALARP
In this region……………… Risks are regarded as trivial + Adequate
controls are in place Review should be in place No further action required unless
reasonable practicable measures becoming available
or Required by Law or Industry convention
Guidance on selecting ControlsGuidance on selecting Controls
Remove or eliminate the hazardRemove or eliminate the hazard Contain the hazardContain the hazard Use technology to monitor the hazardUse technology to monitor the hazard Adapt the individual to the workAdapt the individual to the work Personnel Protective EquipmentPersonnel Protective Equipment Emergency ResponseEmergency Response Re- design, Re-equipRe- design, Re-equip
Review on AssessmentReview on Assessment
Risk levelRisk level should be should be TOLERATETOLERATE
RESIDUAL RISKRESIDUAL RISK should be should be as low as reasonably as low as reasonably practicablepracticable
ANY NEW HAZARDSANY NEW HAZARDS created should be created should be acceptableacceptable
FEEDBACKFEEDBACK from personnel on from personnel on plannedplanned controlscontrols
SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS for for improvementimprovement