ì  Standard  of  Living  &  Quality  of  Life  

How  do  living  standards  in  Canada  compare  with  those  of  developing  countries?    

 How  do  living  standards  differ  from  quality  of  

life?  

What  is  Standard  of  Living?  

 

 

Standard  of  Living  compares  how  well  people  live  in  different  countries  based  on  three  indicators:  life  expectancy,  literacy  rate,  

and  gross  domesAc  product  (GDP)  per  capita.  

•  Quality  of  life  is  the  degree  of  well-­‐being  an  individual  or  group  of  people  feel  about  their  life.  

•  Unlike  standard  of  living,  quality  of  life  is  not  a  tangible  thing,  and  so  it  cannot  be  measured  directly  =  subjec8ve/individual  feeling.    

What  is  Quality  of  Life?  

•  It  consists  of  two  components:  

•  Physical    •  The  physical  aspects  includes:  health,  diet  and  

protec8on  against  pain  and  disease.  

•  Psychological  •  The  psychological  aspects  include:  stress,  worry,  

pleasure,  subjecAve  life-­‐saAsfacAons  and  objecAve  determinants  of  quality  of  life.  

What  is  Quality  of  Life?  

1.  Health  

2.  Level  of  nutriAon  

3.  Life  expectancy  

4.  Literacy  

5.  Status  of  women  and  children  

6.  Freedom  of  expression/Rights  

7.  The  right  to  a  safe,  clean  environment  

Quality  of  Life  Measures  

•  Many  different  things  are  measured  to  determine  Standard  of  Living  in  a  country.  The  following  give  us  an  idea  of  how  one  country  is  doing  in  comparison  to  another  

•  Life  expectancy  

•  GDP:  It  is  the  gross  naAonal  income  of  a  country  =  the  total  value  of  all  goods  and  services  produced  in  a  country  in  one  year.  

•   Per  Capita  GDP  (Gross  Domes8c  Product):  The  total  value  of  all  goods  and  services  produced  in  a  country  divided  by  total  populaAon  you  get  the  average  GDP  per  person/per  capita.  2016  ~  50,000  USD  

•  Literacy  rates  

How  is  Standard  of  Living  Determined?  

Once  we  know  these  things,  we  can  classify  countries  into  the  following:  

•  Developing:  Countries  that  have  lower  standards  of  living  than  developed  countries;  many  have  extensive  poverty    

•  Newly  Industrialized:  Countries  that  are  experiencing  rapid  economic  and  industrial  growth.  Many  are  transiAoning  from  agricultural  to  industrial  economies.    

•  Developed:  The  world’s  wealthiest  countries.  These  countries  have  well  established  infrastructure  and  their  people  are  well  housed,  healthy  and  have  good  literacy  skills.  

How  is  Standard  of  Living  Determined?  

How  is  Standard  of  Living  Determined?  

The  specific  source  we  use  to  determine  the  Standard  of  Living  is  Human  Development  Index  

•  The  HDI  was  created  to  emphasize  that  people  and  their  capabiliAes  should  be  the  ulAmate  criteria  for  determining  a  country’s  development,  not  the  economic  growth  alone.  

•  The  HDI  is  a  summary  measure  of  average  achievement  in  key  factors  of  human  development.  

Key  Factors  of  Human  Development  

•  Life  expectancy  

•  Educa8on:  both  the  expected  years  of  schooling  and  the  average  years  of  schooling  

•  Gross  NaAonal  Income:  total  domesAc  (at  home)  and  foreign  (abroad)  income  claimed  by  residents  of  a  country.    •  What  this  means  is  any  foreign  owned  businesses  in  Canada,  do  not  

contribute  to  our  GDP  or  GNI,  but  rather  the  other  country’s  

hcp://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI  

 

Human  Development  Index  -­‐  2015  

Life  Expectancy  (2015  data  from  World  Bank,  UNESCO  and  WHO)  

Literacy  Rates  (2016)  

World  By  Income  (2017)  

World Development Indicators 2017 viv World Development Indicators 2017

Romania

Serbia

Greece

Bulg

aria

Ukra

ine

Germ

any

FYRMacedonia

Croatia

Bosnia andHerzegovina

CzechRepublic

Poland

Hungary

Italy

Austria

Slovenia

SanMarino

SlovakRepublic

KosovoMontenegro

Albania

Europe Inset

Antigua and Barbuda

Barbados

Sint Maarten (Neth.)Saint-Martin (Fr.)

Aruba (Neth.)

Curaçao (Neth.)

Dominica

Grenada

Saint Kitts and Nevis

U.S. VirginIslands (U.S.)

British VirginIslands (U.K.)

Saint LuciaSaint Vincent &the Grenadines

Trinidad andTobago

DominicanRepublic

R.B. de Venezuela

Puerto Rico(U.S.)

Anguilla (U.K.)

Martinique (Fr.)

Guadeloupe (Fr.)

Saint-Barthélemy (Fr.)

Montserrat (U.K.)

Saba (Neth.)Sint Eustatius (Neth.)

Bonaire(Neth.)

Caribbean Inset

BurkinaFaso

SolomonIslands

Vanuatu

United States

Canada

PanamaCosta Rica

NicaraguaEl Salvador

Guatemala

Mexico

Colombia

R.B. deVenezuela

Ecuador

Peru Brazil

Bolivia

Paraguay

Chile Argentina Uruguay

Norway

Iceland

Sweden Finland

Denmark

Ireland U.K.Belgium

Netherlands

Switzerland

France

Portugal Spain

EstoniaLatviaRussian

Fed. LithuaniaPoland Belarus

UkraineMoldova

Romania

Bulgaria

Greece

Germany

MoroccoTunisia

Algeria

MauritaniaMali

Senegal

Guinea

Sierra LeoneLiberia

Côted’Ivoire

Ghana

Togo

Benin

Niger

Nigeria

Libya Arab Rep.of Egypt

Chad

Cameroon

CentralAfrican

Republic

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

Rep. ofCongo

Angola

Dem.Rep.of Congo

Eritrea

Djibouti

Ethiopia

Somalia

KenyaUganda

RwandaBurundi

Tanzania

ZambiaMalawi

MozambiqueZimbabwe

BotswanaNamibia

Swaziland

LesothoSouthAfrica

Madagascar

Rep. ofYemen

Oman

QatarSaudiArabia

Kuwait

IsraelJordan

LebanonSyrianArabRep.

Cyprus

Iraq Islamic Rep.of Iran

TurkeyAzer-baijanArmenia

GeorgiaTurkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Kazakhstan

Afghanistan

Tajikistan

KyrgyzRep.

Pakistan

India

BhutanNepal

Bangladesh

Myanmar

SriLanka

Thailand

LaoPDR

Vietnam

Cambodia

Malaysia

Philippines

PapuaNew Guinea

Indonesia

Australia

NewZealand

JapanRep.ofKorea

Dem.People’sRep.of Korea

Mongolia

China

Russian Federation

Sudan

SouthSudan

HaitiJamaica

HondurasBelize

GuyanaSuriname

Cuba

Guinea-Bissau

United ArabEmirates

Nauru

Fiji

Tuvalu

MarshallIslands

Palau

Kiribati

Federated Statesof Micronesia

Timor-Leste

Malta

Bahrain

BruneiDarussalam

Singapore

Seychelles

MaldivesSão Tomé and Príncipe

Comoros

TheGambia

Mayotte(Fr.)

La Réunion(Fr.)

West Bank and Gaza

N. Mariana Islands (U.S.)

Hong Kong SAR, ChinaMacao SAR, China

Guam (U.S.)

Mauritius

Andorra

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg

Monaco

Turks and Caicos Is. (U.K.)Cayman Is. (U.K.)

FaroeIslands(Den.)

Channel Islands (U.K.)

Gibraltar (U.K.)

Isle of Man (U.K.)

Bermuda(U.K.)

AmericanSamoa (U.S.)

Fiji

Kiribati

Tonga

Samoa

FrenchPolynesia (Fr.)

The Bahamas

CaboVerde

NewCaledonia

(Fr.)

Greenland(Den.)

WesternSahara

French Guiana (Fr.)

The world by income, FY2017Classified according to World Bank estimates of 2015 GNI per capita (current US dollar, Atlas method)

Low income ($1,025 or less)

Lower middle income ($1,026–$4,035)

Upper middle income ($4,036–$12,475)

High income ($12,476 or more)

No data

Note: The World Bank classifies economies as low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, or high-income based on gross national income (GNI) per capita. For more information see https://datahelpdesk .worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.

East Asia and PacificAmerican Samoa Upper middle incomeAustralia High incomeBrunei Darussalam High incomeCambodia Lower middle incomeChina Upper middle incomeFiji Upper middle incomeFrench Polynesia High incomeGuam High incomeHong Kong SAR, China High incomeIndonesia Lower middle incomeJapan High incomeKiribati Lower middle incomeKorea, Dem. People’s Rep. Low incomeKorea, Rep. High incomeLao PDR Lower middle incomeMacao SAR, China High incomeMalaysia Upper middle incomeMarshall Islands Upper middle income

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Lower middle incomeMongolia Lower middle incomeMyanmar Lower middle incomeNauru High incomeNew Caledonia High incomeNew Zealand High incomeNorthern Mariana Islands High incomePalau Upper middle incomePapua New Guinea Lower middle incomePhilippines Lower middle incomeSamoa Lower middle incomeSingapore High incomeSolomon Islands Lower middle incomeThailand Upper middle incomeTimor-Leste Lower middle incomeTonga Lower middle incomeTuvalu Upper middle incomeVanuatu Lower middle incomeVietnam Lower middle income

Europe and Central AsiaAlbania Upper middle incomeAndorra High incomeArmenia Lower middle incomeAustria High incomeAzerbaijan Upper middle incomeBelarus Upper middle incomeBelgium High incomeBosnia and Herzegovina Upper middle incomeBulgaria Upper middle incomeChannel Islands High incomeCroatia High incomeCyprus High incomeCzech Republic High incomeDenmark High incomeEstonia High incomeFaroe Islands High incomeFinland High incomeFrance High income

Georgia Upper middle incomeGermany High incomeGibraltar High incomeGreece High incomeGreenland High incomeHungary High incomeIceland High incomeIreland High incomeIsle of Man High incomeItaly High incomeKazakhstan Upper middle incomeKosovo Lower middle incomeKyrgyz Republic Lower middle incomeLatvia High incomeLiechtenstein High incomeLithuania High incomeLuxembourg High incomeMacedonia, FYR Upper middle incomeMoldova Lower middle incomeMonaco High income

Montenegro Upper middle incomeNetherlands High incomeNorway High incomePoland High incomePortugal High incomeRomania Upper middle incomeRussian Federation Upper middle incomeSan Marino High incomeSerbia Upper middle incomeSlovak Republic High incomeSlovenia High incomeSpain High incomeSweden High incomeSwitzerland High incomeTajikistan Lower middle incomeTurkey Upper middle incomeTurkmenistan Upper middle incomeUkraine Lower middle incomeUnited Kingdom High incomeUzbekistan Lower middle income

Latin America and the CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda High incomeArgentina Upper middle incomeAruba High incomeBahamas, The High incomeBarbados High incomeBelize Upper middle incomeBolivia Lower middle incomeBrazil Upper middle incomeBritish Virgin Islands High incomeCayman Islands High incomeChile High incomeColombia Upper middle incomeCosta Rica Upper middle incomeCuba Upper middle incomeCuraçao High incomeDominica Upper middle incomeDominican Republic Upper middle incomeEcuador Upper middle incomeEl Salvador Lower middle income

Infant  Mortality  per  1000  live  births  (2015)  

Adult  HIV  -­‐  2016  

World  Fertility  Rate  –  2015  Measured  as  the  average  number  of  children  each  woman  of  child  bearing  age  (15-­‐45)  is  expected  to  have  over  her  life  Ame.