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8/9/2015 How will India build thorium based reactors for electricity? Quora
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How will India build thorium based reactors forelectricity?Through Quora i came to know that thorium based reactors are much efficient ingenerating electricity and India holds around 21% of the major thorium reservesin the world. But still its stated that India could maximize the use of this kind ofreactor only after 2050. why is this so? and is there any possibility that Indiacould speed up in this issue?
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Thorium Based nuclear power plant is nuclear reactorbased electrical powergeneration fueled primarily by the fission of the isotope uranium233 producedfrom the fertile element thorium. Thorium fuel cycle offers several potentialadvantages over a uranium fuel cycle—including much greater abundance onEarth, superior physical and nuclear fuel properties, and reduced nuclearwaste production.
India's threestage nuclear power programme was formulated by Dr.Homi Bhabha in the 1950s to secure the country’s long term energyindependence, through the use of uranium and thorium reserves found in themonazite sands of coastal regions of South India. Thorium is particularlyattractive for India, as it has only around 1–2% of the global uranium reserves,but one of the largest shares of global thorium reserves at about 25% of theworld's known thorium reserves.
A sample of Thorium
Thorium itself is not a fissile material, and thus cannot undergo fission toproduce energy. Instead, it must first be converted into the fissile isotopeuranium233 by transmutation in a reactor fueled by other fissile materials.The first two stages, natural uraniumfueled heavy water reactors andplutoniumfueled fast breeder reactors, are intended to generate sufficientfissile material from India's limited uranium resources, so that all its vastthorium reserves can be fully utilised in the third stage of thermal breederreactors.
First StageAs of 2012, the first stage consisting of the pressurised heavy water reactors(PHWR) is near completed.
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8/9/2015 How will India build thorium based reactors for electricity? Quora
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More Answers Below. Related Questions
What will be the scope of thoriumbased nuclear reactors (Th) for powergeneration, in India?
Second StageThe second stage consisting of fast breeder reactors (FBR) in Kalpakkam ispoised to be completed in September 2014 a whopping four year delay from theslated completion in 2010. Total costs, originally estimated at ₹3500 crore arenow estimated at ₹5,677 crore. The Kalpakkam PFBR is using uranium238not thorium, to breed new fissile material, in a sodiumcooled fast reactordesign. The surplus plutonium (or uranium233 for thorium reactors) fromeach fast reactor can be used to set up more such reactors and grow thenuclear capacity in tune with India's needs for power. The design of thisreactor was started in the 1980s.
Third StageThe third stage consists of Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) which is a300 MWe vertical pressure tube type, boiling light water cooled and heavywater (D2O) moderated reactor, using uranium 233–thorium MOX andplutonium–thorium MOX. It is expected to generate 65% of its power fromthorium and can also be configured to accept other fuel types in full coreincluding enriched uranium and uranium–plutonium MOX. The design andthe prototype of this reactor is ready and was prepared by concerted efforts ofthe scientists from BARC. This reactor can continue to cool its core afterpassive shutdown without an external source of cooling water and electricityand even without any operator action for nearly 110 days. The AHWR, atechnology demonstrator, is supposed to be launched during the 12th fiveyearplan and will take seven to eight years for completing the construction. Thusgeneration of electricity from AHWR is expected to be somewhere in 2025. Sitefor it has not so far been announced but it will come up at an existing site.
AHWR Prototype Reactor at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
India had set up KAMINI a 30 kWth experimental reactor at Kalpakkamwhich incidentally is the world's only reactor fuelled by U233 derived fromthorium.If all the Uranium from the earth is mined for the reactors (economical oruneconomical), it would serve the needs of this century only. Thorium is theonly key to development of the Thorium based reactors in this country.
The world always felt there would be a miracle. Unfortunately, wehave not seen any miracle for the last 40 years. Unless we wake up,humans won't be able to exist beyond this century. 3,302 views • 117 upvotes • Written 28 May, 2014
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8/9/2015 How will India build thorium based reactors for electricity? Quora
http://www.quora.com/HowwillIndiabuildthoriumbasedreactorsforelectricity 3/4
Is there a working commercial thoriumbased reactor?
Are Norway and China taking complementary or divergent approaches to thoriumnuclear reactors?
If India has the largest deposits of thorium then why is the Indian government notbuilding thorium fueled nuclear reactors to supply the coun...
Nuclear Energy: How close are we to a commercially viable thorium reactor?
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Related Questions
What are the best generation 4 nuclear reactor designs?
Is India developing thorium based weapons?
What is a thorium reactor?
Are thorium nuclear reactors being used anywhere in the world?
Will thorium reactors be the answer for India's energy needs?
Why is India investing in an advanced heavy water reactor instead of a liquid
Upvote Downvote Comments 3+
The Data:India has the world's largest Thorium deposits, enough to produce 500GWeof power, every year for 400 years, if you consider only the reserves that canbe extracted economically.The Problems:So India does have lot of thorium reserves but the problem is not manycountries are interested in thorium reactor technology so India has to developit from scratch. 50% of publications in these matters are from India and we arethe only country which knows how to make a complete thorium reactor...Progress and Plans:This month India successfully tested its first Thorium based reactor. India isplanning on making 60 such reactors in next 10 years.We are also planning on developing automobiles that can be powered onthorium, 8gm of thorium can power a car for 300k km.
So Indian scientists are working on it and we will see fruits of their labor in adecade or so. 3,248 views • 40 upvotes • Written 27 May, 2014
Uday Kale, Coder and etc.
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Thorium fission is a bad way to go. Were just years away from finally crackinghydrogen fusion. We've done it in small amounts already. It uses 192 laserseach the most powerful of its kind on earth all focused on a tiny hydrogen richfuel rod. The benefits:We have a shitload of hydrogen its in water lol. The only waste, ill repeat that, the only waste is helium which is actually anelement we are going to run out of within 50 years if big changes are not made.
Its win win no radioactive fall out low cost fuel with a sellable byproduct. Plusthe thorium can be put to other uses. 744 views • 1 upvote • Written 6 Feb
William Robb, Struggling inventor, oh and atheist.
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8/9/2015 How will India build thorium based reactors for electricity? Quora
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