How to Become An How to Become An Intelligent Cultural Intelligent Cultural Learner?Learner?

Michael Goh, Ph.D.Michael Goh, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorComparative and International Development EducationDepartment of Organizational Leadership, Policy, and DevelopmentCollege of Education and Human DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesotagohxx001@umn.edu

“The world is a book, of which those whostay in one place read only one page”

St. Augustine

U-Curve Model of Cultural AdjustmentLysgaard, S. (1955). Adjustment in a foreign society: Norwegian Fulbright Scholars visiting the United States. International Social Science Bulletin, 7, 45-51.

Everything is beautifulEverything is beautiful

Everything is awfulEverything is awful (Culture Shock)(Culture Shock)

Everything is OKEverything is OK

Cultural Adjustment Curve

Everything is new,exciting & different

Frustration/annoyancewith everyday differences

Surface adjustment

Confronting deepercultural/personalissues

Adaptation/assimilation

• “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”

Aristotle

•“认识你自己 ,是一切智慧的开端”

HUMAN NATURE

CULTURECultural Artifacts/Systems

Cultural Values and Assumptions

INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY

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CultureAmerican Psychological Association (2002). Guidelines for Multicultural Education and Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists. Washington, DC: Author.

• The belief systems and value orientations that influence customs, norms, practices, and social institutions, including psychological processes (language, care taking practices, media, educational systems) and organizations; Fiske, Kitayama, Markus, & Nisbett, 1998).

• Culture is fluid and dynamic, and that there are both cultural universal phenomena as well as culturally specific or relative constructs.

CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE (CQ)

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• Almost 90% of leading executives surveyed from 68 countries designated cross-cultural leadership as the top management challenge for the next century (Livermore, 2010).

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Cultural Intelligence Quotient (CQ)The capability to function effectively across various cultural contexts (national, ethnic, organizational, gender, class, generational, etc.).

--Soon Ang and Linn Van Dyne, “Conceptualization of Cultural Intelligence” in Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurement, and Applications (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2008), 3.

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1. CQ DRIVE

2. CQ KNOWLEDGE

3. CQ STRATEGY

4. CQ ACTION

CQ as a 4-step Cycle

What’s my motivation for this assignment?

What cultural understanding do I need?

What’s my plan?

How should I adapt?

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1. CQ DRIVE

2. CQ KNOWLEDGE

3. CQ STRATEGY

4. CQ ACTION

Multiple facets of CQ

•Intrinsic•Extrinsic•Self-Efficacy

•Business•Cultural Values•Socio-Linguistics•Leadership

•Awareness•Planning•Checking

•Nonverbal•Verbal•Speech Acts

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Chinese Character for LISTEN

CQ KnowledgeOur level of understanding about cultural

issues

CQ KNOWLEDGE

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• Food• Values• Classroom

Culture• Language• Religions• Traditions

Paul Little: Know Why You Believe

• Is Christianity Rational?• Is There a God?• Is Christ God?• Did Christ Rise from the Dead?• Is the Bible God’s Word?• Are Bible Documents Reliable?• Does Archaeology Verify What the Bible Says?• Are Miracles Possible?• Do Science and ChristianityAgree?• Why Does God Allow Suffering and Evil?• Does Christianity Differ From Other World Religions?

Other Resources

• Ravi Zacharias: Jesus Among Other Gods

• Greg Boyd: Letters From A Skeptic

• Frank Morison: Who Moved the Stone?

• Fritz Ridenour: So What’s the Difference?

• Josh McDowell– Evidence That Demands A Verdict Volumes 1 & 2– More Than A Carpenter– Reasons Skeptics Should Consider Christianity (with

Don Stewart)

Charles W. Colson

Francis A. Schaeffer

• The God Who Is There: The Book That Makes Sense Out of your World

• Escape from Reason

• He is There and He is Not Silent

Discussion Questions

• What can I do to maximize my cultural learning while in the United States?

• What can I do to maximize my cultural learning about my international visitors?

• Am I interested in learning about Christianity or other religions as part of my cultural learning?

• Can I be a Christian and culturally intelligent at the same time?

Thank you for listening and my very best wishes for your academic, professional AND AND personal journeypersonal journey