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8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
1/33
IN THE MAGISTRATE COURT OF MARAN
IN THE STATE OF PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR
CRIMINAL TRIAL NO 83-64-02/2013
PUBLIC PROSECUTOR
v.
GOH ENG SING
GROUNDS OF JUDGMENT
BACKGROUND
[1] The accused in this case is chared !ith an "#ence under
secti"n 1$% &1' &e' "( the Cust") *ct 1+,- ("r c"nve/in
0r"hiited ""ds i.e. ciarettes "n 1$ 2une 341$ ar"und 5.$4
a.). near Pasar B"r"n Bandar 2en6a Pahan 7aru8 9a6)ur.
PROSECUTIONS CASE
[3] Based "n in("r)ati"n "n activities "( s)u8in i88ea8
ciarettes "n 1$th"( 2une 3413 Su:an in 9"ha))ed ;us"(
&SP$' 8ed a tea) "( ("ur t"ether !ith 9unirah Binti 9"hd Gaus
&SP5' 9uha))ad
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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[$] *r"und 5.34 a) the sus0ected vehic8e a !hite HICO9 8"rr/
!ith reistrati"n nu)er ?@? +53A !as seen and s0"tted. It !as
driven / "ne Chinese u/. The tea) tai8ed the 8"rr/ !hich
r"uht the) t" Pasar B"r"n 2en6a. The/ ("und the a("resaid
8"rr/ 0ar6ed at the 0ar6in 8"t "( Pasar B"r"n 2en6a. It !as then
5.$4 a.). in the )"rnin.
[5] The Cust") Ocers &SP$ SP5 and Ha)idin' surr"unded the
8"rr/. The rear d""r !as ("und "0ened and in (e! )")ents "ne
Chinese u/ a00r"ached the). He intr"duced hi)se8( as thedriver "( the 8"rr/. His na)e is G"h En Sin the accused in this
case. He in("r)ed the Cust") Ocers that the 8"rr/ e8"ned t"
his e)08"/er. *t that ti)e SP% !as n"t at the scene since he !as
assined t" c"nduct chec6in unt" "ther 0re)ises at Pasar
B"r"n.
[%] SP$ then directed SP5 t" c"nduct search "n the 8"rr/. SP5
("und as6ets and 08astic as !hich c"ntained ciarettes 0i8ed
under chun6s "( (r"=en )eats and veeta8es. Th"se ciarettes
are sus0ected t" e i88ea8 ciarettes !hich are as ("88"!s
,4 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 13 stic6s ciarette Gudan Gara) Sur/a
3A cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Pre)iu) Internati"na8
31 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Can/"n &9erah'
34 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 13 stic6s ciarette 9inna
3
%
14
1%
34
3%
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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5+ cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 13 stic6s ciarette Gudan Gara) Nusantara
&H'
51 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 13 stic6s ciarette Gudan Gara) Nusantara
&9'
3 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 13 tan ciarette B"6"r)as
- cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Pine Pri)e &H'
15 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Pine Pri)e &9'
1+ cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette 2"hn &9'
1A cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Leaue &H'
- cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette 9"den
% cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Ha8(ti)e %
1 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Parad"D
$4 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Leaue irinia
$+ cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 34 stic6s ciarette Leaue &9'
14 cart"ns D 14 0ac6ets D 1, stic6s ciarette L.* Lihts
[,] U0"n directi"n "( SP$ SP5 t""6 0h"t"ra0hs "( the 8"cati"n
and the ite)s disc"vered. These 0h"t"ra0hs !ere eDhiited and
)ar6ed as P34* unti8 P34E. The accused t"ether !ith the 8"rr/
and the ite)s !ere Fesc"rted t" Bandar 2en6a P"8ice Stati"n
!here a 0"8ice re0"rt !as 8"ded / SP5. The re0"rt nu)ered
Bandar 2en6a Re0"rt N". 4411$A13 and it !as tendered in C"urt
and )ar6ed as P33.
$
%
14
1%
34
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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[-] The raidin tea) t"ether !ith the accused the sei=ed
ite)s and the 8"rr/ then headed t" the "ce "( En("rce)ent Unit
R"/a8 Cust") "( 9a8a/sia uantan Pahan. There the sei=ed
8"rr/ the sei=ed ite)s t"ether !ith the 0"8ice re0"rt !ere
handed "ver t" the investiatin "cer 9"hd Sani in *d
Rah)an &SPA' and a handin "ver 8ist &P1+' !as 0re0ared t" that
e#ect.
[A] Ins0ecti"n unt" the sei=ed ite)s !as d"ne / the raidin
tea). SP5 t""6 0h"t"ra0hs "( the sei=ed ite)s "ne )"re ti)e.
Th"se 0h"t"ra0hs !ere eDhiited as P34P34*
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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[13] Che)ist Re0"rt &P15' c"n:r)ed the sa)08es sent ("r
ana8/sis are Fcigarettes containing tobacco.U0"n recei0t "( the
Che)ist Re0"rt SPA 0re0ared an a008icati"n t" C8assi:cati"n
Tari# and 7ra(tin Branch Technica8 Service 7ivisi"n R"/a8
Cust") "( 9a8a/sia PutraKa/a ("r c8assi:cati"n "( sei=ed ite)s. *
re08/ &P$4' dated %.11.3413 stated that the sei=ed ite) are
suita8e t" e c8assi:ed under GIR 1 under tari# c"de 3543.34
+44 &P7 344-' as cigarettes containing tobacco.
[1$] Si)i8ar8/ the sei=ed 8"rr/ !as a8s" sent t" 7e0art)ent "(
Che)istr/ t" ins0ect its chassis and enine nu)er. * c"verin
8etter !as sent t"ether !ith the 8"rr/ P11B. Re0"rt "n the resu8t
"( the che)ica8 ana8/sis )ade unt" the 8"rr/ !as eDhiited as
P3-.
[15] SPA then )ade an a008icati"n t" R"ad Trans0"rt
7e0art)ent t" :nd "ut the "!ner "( the 8"rr/. R"ad Trans0"rt
7e0art)ent re08ied via a 8etter eDhiited as P$A !hich stated
that the "!ner "( the said 8"rr/ is Perniaaan ;un Sen !ith
address at N" -, Sunai 2eri6 2erantut Pahan. It is (urther
disc"vered that the "!ner "( the enter0rise is "ne Pan ;un Sen
&SP-'.
[1%] State)ent (r") SP- !as rec"rded / SPA !h"
ac6n"!8eded his c")0an/ "!nershi0 t"!ards the 8"rr/ and the
%
%
14
1%
34
3%
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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8"rr/ is used in dai8/ "0erati"n "( his c")0an/. He is r"ther in>
8a!s t" the accused.
[1,] SPA then sent an a008icati"n via a 8etter &P3$' t"ether !ith
1- 0ac6ets "( ciarettes t" a8uati"n Branch Technica8 Service
7ivisi"n R"/a8 Cust") 7e0art)ent "( Pahan see6in va8uati"n
"( the sei=ed ciarettes. a8uati"n Re0"rt &P35' !as issued / "ne
Jahir Bin *du8 Rah)an &SP,' (r") the a("resaid 7ivisi"n
detai8in the va8uati"n "( the va8ue "( the ciarettes t" e at
RM5,003.60 and ca8cu8ati"n "( taD !hich a)"unted t"R9$4$44.3,. The va8uati"n !as d"ne usin F6aedah anKa8
!here the susistin data 0rice in the s/ste) is used t"
deter)ine the 0rice "( th"se ciarettes. Later the ciarettes !ere
returned ac6 t" SPA.
[1-]
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HETHER THE PROSECUTION HAS MADE OUT A PRIMA
FACIE CASE!
[1A] Secti"n 1$% &1' &e' "( C"#$%& A'$ 1(6)states
(1)Whoever-(e) is in any way knowingly concerned in conveying, removing,
depositing or dealing with any dutiable, uncustomed or prohibited
goods with intent to deraud the !overnment o any duties thereon,
or to evade any o the provisions o this "ct or to evade any
prohibition applicable to such goods#
shall be guilty o an o$ence shall be guilty o an o$ence and shall, on
conviction-
(i) in the case o goods included in a class o goods appearing in
an order made under subsection 11(1)-
(aa) be liable or the %rst o$ence to a %ne o not less than ten
times the amount o the customs duty or %ty thousand ringgit,whichever is the lesser amount, and o not more than twenty
times the amount o the customs duty or one hundred thousand
ringgit, whichever is the greater amount, or to imprisonment or
a term not e&ceeding three years or to both# and
[1+] Thus !hether the sei=ed ite)s (a88 under the de:niti"n "(
0r"hiited ""ds s0e8t "ut in the a("resaid secti"n Secti"n 3 "(C"#$%& A'$ 1(6)0r"vides
-
%
14
1%
34
3%
$4
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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'prohibited goods' means goods the import or e&port o which is
prohibited, either absolutely or conditionally by an order under section
1 or by any other written law.
?hereas secti"n $1 "( the *ct 0r"vides
(1) he *inister may, by order-
(a) prohibit the importation into, or the e&portation rom
*alaysia or any part thereo, either absolutely or conditionally, or
rom or to any speci%ed country, territory or place outside
*alaysia, or the removal rom one place to another place in
*alaysia o any goods or class o goods#
[34] B/ the "rder "( the 9inister i)0"rt "( ciarettes int"
9a8a/sia save ("r c"))ercia8 (ree area )ust c")08/ !ith
reu8ati"ns and c"nditi"ns s0e8t "ut in C"#$% *P+%,.$% O
I&%+$# O++ 2008 *PU*A 86/2008. Ru8e ,&1' "( the Order
reads
+ubect to subparagraph (), the importation into *alaysia o goods
speci%ed in columns () and () o art // o the 0ourth +chedule,
originating rom the countries speci%ed in column () o the said
+chedule is prohibited, e&cept in the manner provided or in column
(2) o the +chedule.
[31]
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P+$ II
&G""ds !hich )a/ n"t e i)0"rted int" 9a8a/sia and )"ve)ent "( ""ds (r") (ree
c"))ercia8 ="ne
t" the Princi0a8 Cust")s *rea Lauan Lan6a!i and Ti")an eDce0t in the )anner
0r"vided'
&N"t a008ica8e t" (ree c"))ercia8 ="nes'
&1' &3' &$' &5' &%'
Ite)
N".
7escri0ti"n
"( G""ds
Headin
Suheadin
C"untr/ 9anner "( I)0"rt
1.
Ciarettes
3543.34 +44
3543.+4 344
*88 c"untries *88 i)0"rters sha88 c")08/ !ith the hea8th
!arnin "n ciarette 0ac6ainM
&1' &")itted'
&3' &")itted'
() a& stamp3
(1) 4n each packet o cigarette there shall
be a5&ed a ta& stamp as approved by the
6irector !eneral o 7ustoms.
[33] It is the evidence "( SP$ that the 0ac6ets ciarettes have n"
F9; )ar6 n" hea8th !arnin and the taD sta)0 is asent and
s")e turned "ut t" e c"unter(eited. The Che)ist &SP3' !h"
0re0ared Che)ist Re0"rt &P15' c"n:r)ed the sa)08es sent areciarettes c"ntainin t"acc".
+
%
14
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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[3$] C8ear8/ there is taD t" e i)0"sed "n i)0"rted ciarettes
and t" e 0aid t" the 7irect"r Genera8 "( Cust") e("re it can e
s"8d "r circu8ated. Initia8 C"n:r)ati"n Re0"rt "( the Securit/ In6
&P$5' (r") S/ari6at Le)ah Sari Sdn Bhd c"n:r)ed that the sea8
&taD sta)0' ("und "n the 0ac6s "( ciarettes turned "ut t" e
c"unter(eit. Thus the ciarettes ("und had n"t een 0aid an/ taD
a )anner that sh"u8d e c")08ied !ith e("re it can e i)0"rted.
It is there("re F0r"hiited ""ds.
A'$"# R"#
[35] Based "n the evidence "( SP$ SP5 and SP% the accused !as
the driver "( the 8"rr/ !hich headed t"!ards Pasar B"r"n 2en6a
and 8ater u0"n ins0ecti"n i88ea8 ciarettes !ere disc"vered "n
the said 8"rr/. Evidence "( SP- the "!ner "( the 8"rr/ cu) the
e)08"/er c"n:r)s that the accused his e)08"/ee !as the "n8/
0ers"n auth"ri=ed t" drive the said 8"rr/. The 8"rr/ !as never 8et
t" e rented. The c"ntr"8 "( the said 8"rr/ "n that )"rnin s"8e8/
rest !ith the accused. The 0r"hiited ""ds !ere ("und inside the
said 8"rr/. I a) satis:ed that the e8e)ent "( 8conveying or
dealingis success(u88/ 0r"ved / the 0r"secuti"n.
E5&$ % K%75
14
%
14
1%
34
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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[3%] The accused !as ("und drivin the 8"rr/ headin t"!ards
Pasar B"r"n 2en6a. Evidence "( SP$ states that
89okok diumpai dalam bakul-bakul dan beg plastic, diapit oleh
bungkusan-bungkusan daging seuk...
[3,] Evidence "( SP5 c"n:r)s the :ndin as she said
8+elepas itu, ketua pasukan bagitahu tuuan kedatangan. :ami buat
pemeriksaan atas lori. :ami umpa rokok dalam bakul ; beg plastik,
diapit oleh daging seuk beku.
[3-] *ens reareuires 0r""( "( 6n"!8ede. It is sett8ed that
6n"!8ede c"u8d n"t e 0r"ven / direct evidence ut /
in(erence (r") surr"undin circu)stances and that c"nduct is
hih8/ )ateria8 ("r 0ur0"ses "( dra!in an in(erence "n
6n"!8ede &see C, P L% 9: PP ;1(
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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urning to the acts o the present instance, we agree with the learned
trial udge that the method employed to bring the drugs in
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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,$,+ $,+ # .+> $, ', % 9'!
[$1] C"unse8 ("r the de(ence su)its that the raidin tea) sei=ed
, cart"ns &,4 0ac6ets' "( R"6"6 2"hn Putih. H"!ever "n8/ %+
0ac6ets !ere eDhiited in C"urt i)08/in "ne 0ac6et "( R"6"6
Putih 2"hn (r") eDhiit ?P6*@!ent )issin. Hence there is a
rea6 in the chain "( evidence.
[$3] The 7e(ence su)its that a si)08e ca8cu8ati"n ased "n
SPA evidence sh"!s that a 0ac6et "( R"6"6 2"hn !ent )issin
and the ca8cu8ati"n is as ("88"!s
$, 0ac6ets P6 *> r"uht t" C"urt / SP1 the st"re6ee0er.
3 0ac6ets P16> !ithdra!n (r") the st"re and sent ("r che)ica8
ana8/sis.
34 0ac6ets P36> !ithdra!n (r") the st"re and sent t" Le)ah Sari Sdn
Bhd
[$$] The aru)ent has its r""t in the discre0anc/ et!een the
evidence "( the st"re6ee0er &SP1' and the evidence "( the
investiatin "cer &SPA'. SP1 !h" r"uht ?P6 *@ t" the
C"urt states that there are 5 cart"ns &54 0ac6ets' "( R"6"6 2"hn
Putih !hereas SPA states that ?P6 *@c"nsists "( $ cart"ns and, 0ac6ets &"r $, 0ac6ets' "( R"6"6 2"hn Putih.
[$5] On )/ "!n )"ti"n I 0ers"na88/ )ade 0h/sica8 c"untin "(
?P6 *@!hich !as tendered t" the C"urt. It is neither 5 cart"ns
1$
%
14
1%
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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&54 0ac6ets' as said / SP1 n"r $, 0ac6ets as said / SPA. The
0h/sica8 c"untin sh"!s that the actua8 uantit/ "( P, &a' is $-
0ac6ets and c"nseuent8/ there sh"u8d e chane t" the
ca8cu8ati"n as ("88"!s
3) '>$# P6 * - .+%",$ $% C%"+$ . SP1 $,
#$%+>+:
3 0ac6ets P16> !ithdra!n (r") the st"re and sent ("r che)ica8
ana8/sis.
34 0ac6ets P36> !ithdra!n (r") the st"re and sent t" Le)ah Sari Sdn
Bhd
[$%] Bein s" there is n" )issin 0ac6et as c8ai)ed / the
7e(ence and acc"rdin8/ it is )/ :ndin that there is n" rea6 in
the chain "( evidence as a88 the sei=ed ite)s !ere 0r"0er8/
r"uht and )ar6ed as eDhiits e("re the C"urt.
,$,+ I%# 7%+>+ &"#$ . '55 $% 9
9'!
[$,] EDistence "( an Ind"nesian !"r6er !as 0ut t" the
0r"secuti"n !itnesses. The raidin tea) &SP$ SP5 and SP%'
denied 0resence "( this Ind"nesian !"r6er and re(uted the (act
that the said !"r6er !as in an/!a/ s0"tted !hat )"re arrested
"n the da/ !hen the accused !as detained.
15
%
14
1%
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
15/33
[$-] SP- "!ns Perniaaan ;un Sen !hich is the usiness "(
i)0"rtin )eat is the e)08"/er "( the accused. He "!ns the
8"rr/. It is a8s" a (act that SP- is r"ther in 8a! t" the accused.
[$A] In his evidence SP- t"8d the C"urt that he is runnin a
usiness "( i)0"rtin )eat and he has "ne Ind"nesian e)08"/ee
!h" is assined t" ta6e care "( his st"re. This Ind"nesian !"r6ers
dai8/ r"utine starts ear8/ in the )"rnin !here he !i88 8"ad the
8"rr/ at the st"re acc")0an/ the accused t" Pasar B"r"n and
un8"ad the ""ds !hen the/ reach Pasar B"r"n. *cc"rdin t"
SP- the accused r"8e is 0ure8/ as a driver. ?hen he !as as6ed
a"ut the !herea"uts "( this Ind"nesian u/ SP- si)08/ said he
d"es n"t 6n"!. He ad)itted that he !as neither at the scene
!hen the arrest "n the accused t""6 08ace n"r he !as sure
!hether this Ind"nesian !"r6er !as 0resent at the ti)e "( the
arrest.
[$+] *0art (r") evidence "( SP- there is n"thin t" suest there
is Ind"nesian !"r6er !as at the scene !hen the accused !as
arrested. SP- had n"t even na)ed this Ind"nesian !"r6er in his
evidence. It is )/ vie! that the there is n" dut/ "n the 0art "( the
0r"secuti"n t" ca88 this Ind"nesian !"r6er !h"se na)e and
!herea"uts are un6n"!n. This !i88 e discussed in a reater
8enth 8ater at the end "( the de(ence case.
[54] On an"ther n"te the eDistence "( this Ind"nesian u/ !as
rie/ intr"duced durin the 0r"secuti"n case. T" )/ )ind it
d"es n"t neate )/ :ndin that the accused !as c"nve/in
1%
%
14
1%
34
3%
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
16/33
0r"hiited ""ds "n the da/ he !as arrested and he had
6n"!8ede "( d"in s".
[51] *t the end "( 0r"secuti"ns case I direct )/ )ind t" the test
s0e8t "ut in PP v. Moh %( /' %k%$ [2006] 1 CLJ 457
ask yoursel the 5 a.) he !i88 e headin t" Pasar B"r"n
2en6a !ith an Ind"nesian !"r6er &Fuda6 Ind"n'. He !i88 ta6e his
c"#ee !hen he reaches Pasar B"r"n 2en6a and 8ater ta6e his
1,
%
14
1%
34
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
17/33
rest and na0 unti8 it is a"ut A.44 a.). *(ter that he !i88 drive ac6
t" the st"re !ith the Ind"nesian u/ 0ut ac6 the 6e/ and 8eave
("r h")e. In his state)ent there are three !"r6ers e)08"/ed /
S/ari6at Perniaaan ;un Sen "ne Ind"nesian !"r6er "ne *tan
&S73' and he hi)se8(. The Ind"nesian !"r6er 8ives at the st"re
!here the 8"rr/ 6e/ is 6e0t and he is 6n"!n as F2ac6. The
accused 6ee0s e)0hasi=in that his r"8e is "n8/ as a driver since
the Ind"nesian !"r6er has n" drivin 8icense. He t"8d the C"urt
that !hen he reaches Pasar B"r"n he !"u8d 8eave the 8"rr/ !ith
the 6e/ inside it e("re ta6in his c"#ee 8eavin 2ac6 t" un8"adthe ""ds (r") the 8"rr/.
[55] On the da/ he "t arrested he !as d"in his dai8/ r"utine as
)enti"ned a"ve eDce0t !hen he !ent ac6 (r") havin his
c"#ee he ("und the 8"rr/ !as surr"unded / the Cust") Ocers
!h" t"8d hi) that there are ciarettes in the 8"rr/. He said he has
n" idea a"ut the eDistence "( the ciarettes in the 8"rr/. He !as
r"uht / a Cust") Ocer t" a c"#ee sh"0 t" sin a 8etter. He
ad)its that he sined a 8etter !hich is N"tice "( Sei=ure &P1A' and
he did s" &the sinin' "ut "( res0"nsii8it/ as driver "( the said
8"rr/. *t that 0"int "( ti)e he had n"t in("r)ed his e)08"/er
&SP-'. He said at that ti)e > 84tak sudah kosong, ada rasa takut.
He t"8d the C"urt that 2ac6 !as n"t seen "r ("und therea(ter.
[5%] He !as then r"uht t" 0"8ice stati"n and 8ater t" the
Cust") 7e0art)ent headuarter at uantan. His r"ther and his
1-
%
14
1%
34
8/10/2019 PP v Goh Eng Sing
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e)08"/er ca)e t" ai8 hi) "ut and 2ac6 !as n"t there. He said he
had never seen ciarettes "n the 8"rr/.
[5,] 7urin cr"ss eDa)inati"n he ad)its that "nce in a !hi8e
a0art (r") ein driver he did ta6e care "( the sta88 at Pasar
B"r"n. He areed that he sh"u8d have ins0ect the 8"rr/ e("re he
starts drivin. He ad)its that he had never t"8d the investiatin
"cer an/thin a"ut the Ind"nesian !"r6er F2ac6. He had n"t
seen 2ac6 ever since. S")ethin !hich is )"re i)0"rtant he
ad)itted that unti8 the da/ he testi:ed in C"urt he had never
r"uht u0 an/thin a"ut 2ac6.
[5-] *du8 ha8id Bin *du88ah &S73' is a !"r6er !ith S/ari6at
Perniaaan ;un Sen. He is a8s" 6n"!n as *tan. He is in chare "(
se88in )eats at the sta88 at Pasar B"r"n 2en6a. In an"ther
!"rd he is c"88eaue t" the accused. He testi:es that the accused
r"8e is "n8/ drivin the 8"rr/. 2ac6 is in chare "( un8"adin the
""ds (r") the 8"rr/. ?hen he !as as6ed a"ut the arrest "( the
accused and 0resence "( the Cust") "cers he said he c"u8d n"t
reca88 !hat ha00ened "n that da/ as he !as us/ !ith the
cust")ers. He said "n8/ a(ter ha8( an h"ur he rea8i=ed that the
accused !as arrested and he had n" "00"rtunit/ t" snea6 a 0ee6
as he !as enaed !ith the cust")ers. *nd (r") that da/
there"n he had n"t seen 2ac6.
[5A] 7urin cr"ss eDa)inati"n S73 ad)its that he had n"t seen
the accused e("re the arrest t""6 08ace at the ti)e "( the arrest
t""6 08ace and a(ter the arrest t""6 08ace. He 6ne! a"ut the
1A
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arrest a(ter ein t"8d / "thers. He had n"t seen 2ac6 "n the said
da/ th"uh he did sa! 2ac6 e("re that da/. ?hen 0ut t" hi)
!hether he !"u8d aree that he has n" 6n"!8ede "( !hat
ha00ened "n that da/ he eD0ressed his aree)ent. He t"8d the
C"urt that 2ac6 had een !"r6in ("r % t" , )"nths and 2ac6
sudden8/ disa00eared "n the da/ the arrest t""6 08ace.
[5+] Rid=uan Bin 9"hd ;us"( &S7$' is !"r6in at a :sh sta88 at
Pasar B"r"n 2en6a. His sta88 is side / side !ith the )eat sta88
!here S73 !"r6s. He 6ne! the accused ut n"t t"" c8"se. ?hen
as6ed a"ut 2ac6 S7$ testi:es that 2ac6 is an Ind"nesian !"r6er
!h" has een !"r6in ("r at S73s sta88 ("r % t" , )"nths. 2ac6 did
c")e t" Pasar B"r"n ever/ da/. T" his 6n"!8ede 2ac6 !as n"t
stati"ned at the sta88 ut rather in chare "( the 8"rr/ a#airs. On8/
a(ter three "r ("ur da/s S7$ !as t"8d / S73 a"ut the accused
ein arrested. 7urin cr"ss>eDa)inati"n he areed that he
neither see the accused n"r 2ac6 "n the da/ the accused "t
arrested. He 8ater ad)itted that he ave di#erent ans!er !hen
as6ed ear8ier that Fhe sa! th"se t!" that )"rnin ecause he
!as nerv"us.
SUBMISSION OF THE DEFENCE
[%4] It is su)itted that
a' The ear8ier su)issi"n "n rea6 in the chain "( evidence is
reitrated ("r there is a 0ac6et "( R"6"6 2"hn !ent )issin.
1+
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' There !as an Ind"nesian !"r6er 6n"!n as 2ac6 !h"
!"u8d e res0"nsi8e ("r 8"adin and un8"adin the 8"rr/
(r") the st"re and it is incu)ent u0"n the 0r"secuti"n t"
0r"duce this Ind"nesian !"r6er t" testi(/ in C"urt.
c' The accused had n" 6n"!8ede "( the ciarettes ein in
the 8"rr/ as he !as "n8/ driver "( the 8"rr/.
B+> ', % E9'
[%1] This !as discussed ear8ier at the end "( 0r"secuti"n case.
The a88eed )issin 0ac6et is n"t )issin as in )/ :ndin a"ve.
D"$ $% '55 J'> $, I%# 7%+>+ ,# #$'
[%3] The 7e(ence su)its that it is incu)ent u0"n the
0r"secuti"n t" 0r"duce this Ind"nesian !"r6er t" testi(/ in C"urt
and (ai8ure t" d" s" the C"urt sh"u8d inv"6e adverse in(erence
under sec 115 "( Evidence *ct 1+%4 aainst the 0r"secuti"n
case.
[%$] SP- is the :rst 0ers"n t" testi(/ that there !as an Ind"nesian
!"r6er !h" is !"r6in ("r hi). This Ind"nesian !"r6er !as
entrusted t" ta6e care "( the st"re and the 8"rr/. *(ter)ath the
arrest SP- had n"t seen the Ind"nesian !"r6er.
[%5] The accused in his evidence e8a"rated that the Ind"nesian
!"r6er 8ived at the st"re !h" !i88 acc")0an/ hi) t" Pasar
B"r"n and d" the 8"adin and un8"adin "( ""ds unt" and "ut "(
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the 8"rr/. He is the :rst 0ers"n t" na)e the Ind"nesian !"r6er as
2ac6.
[%%] *du8 ha8id Bin *du88ah *tan &S73' t"8d the C"urt that
2ac6 is his c"88eaue. 2ac6 !i88 c")e t" Pasar B"r"n !ith the
accused and his r"8e is t" 8"ad and un8"ad ""ds (r") the 8"rr/.
*cc"rdin t" hi) the accused !as Kust a driver. ?hen 0ut t" hi)
durin cr"ss eDa)inati"n he areed that he has n" idea !hat
ha00ened "n that ver/ )"rnin and he ad)itted he had n" idea
!h" 2ac6 is /et he said that 2ac6 d"es eDist.
[%,] Rid=uan Bin 9"hd ;us"( &S7$' testi:es that his sta88 is eside
S73s sta88. He 6ne! there !as an Ind"nesian !"r6er / na)e "(
2ac6 !h" !as in chare "( 8"rr/ a#airs "( the neih"urin sta88.
[%-] On this issue the 8a! as ("und in the case "(/"cont%$%
/m$o&& /nthon# v. P'"(c P$o&ec'to$ [1996] 1 CLJ 705
reuires the 0r"secuti"n t" chec6 "n !hether the a00e88ants
versi"n "( the (acts as the/ a00eared in his cauti"ned state)ent
is true "r (a8se. In that case the accused !as chared under sec
$+B "( 7aner"us 7rus *ct 1+%3. He c8ai)ed that he s"8d
6er"0"6 &0ra!n crac6ers' ("r a 8ivin that at the ti)e "( his arrest
he h"nest8/ e8ieved that he !as c"nve/in 6er"0"6 that he did
s" at the ehest "( a certain Che 9at ("r a (ee "( R9$44 !hich
had een 0aid and !as in his 0"c6et and that this )"ne/ !as
a)"nst the vari"us ite)s sei=ed / the 0"8ice. He !as c"nvicted
/ the tria8 2ude. The
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n"t !ith"ut a!s it !as entire8/ c"nsistent !ith his cauti"ned
state)ent )ade t" the 0"8ice "n the da/ a(ter his arrest ("r in it
he had )enti"ned Che 9at and a te8e0h"ne nu)er !hich he
c8ai)ed !as Che 9ats ut he !as una8e t" ive Che 9ats
residentia8 address. H"!ever he had "#ered t" 8ead the 0"8ice t"
Che 9ats 08ace "( a"de ut the 0"8ice had n"t iven hi) the
"00"rtunit/ t" d" s".
[%A] Revertin ac6 t" the case e("re )e :rst8/ the accused
ad)itted that he had never t"8d the investiatin "cer an/thin
a"ut the Ind"nesian u/ F2ac6. The :rst ti)e he t"8d his st"r/
a"ut 2ac6 is !hen he t""6 u0 the stance and testi:ed under "ath.
[%+] Sec"nd8/ SP- did )enti"n a"ut the Ind"nesian !"r6er and
/et he is a 0r"secuti"n !itness. SP- had n"t na)ed this
Ind"nesian !"r6er and the 7e(ence had (u88est "00"rtunit/ t"
unvei8 the identit/ "r (urther 0articu8ars "( the Ind"nesian !"r6er
durin cr"ss eDa)inati"n t" discredit 0r"secuti"n case ut had
n"t d"ne s".
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8/ do not %nd him (6W) to be a wholly dishonest witness
unworthy o any credit. / %nd no su5cient reason to reect the
whole o his evidence even though he was hostile to the deence.
he court can still rely on parts o his evidence i the 7ourt is
satis%ed that they are the truth.
We %nd that the learned trial udge?s treatment o 6W?s evidence as
correct in law. /t is evident rom that passage o the udgment, the
learned trial udge had not impeached the credit o 6W. @is evidence
will thus be assessed and weighed like that o any other witness,
although there may be doubts on the accuracy o his memory (see
*uthusamy v. A1BCD 1 EF+ C1 @7)./t the en o) the e)ence
c%&e- (t (& th'& "e)t ent($e"# to the t$(%" co'$t to m%ke % n(ng
on the ve$%c(t# o) th%t *(tne&& %n *hethe$ to *ho""# $eect o$
%cce!t (n !%$t the te&t(mon# o) th%t *(tne&& h%v(ng &een %n
he%$ h(m.(see v. an 7hye Goo ; "nor A1BHHD 1 EF+ 1C @7).
[,1] Based "n the case cited a"ve I acce0ted SP- evidence "n
the "!nershi0 "( the 8"rr/ and "n e)08"/)ent "( the accused in
his c")0an/. H"!ever his evidence as t" the Ind"nesian !"r6er
("r the sini:cant r"8e "( the !"r6er in ta6in care "( the st"re
!here the ""ds and 8"rr/ 6e/ are 6e0t /et the 8ac6 "( 0articu8ars
as t" the identit/ and the )/steri"us )anner "( his
disa00earance I a) una8e t" e8ieve that 0art "( SP- evidence.
[,3] Third8/ S73 and S7$ evidences are si)i8ar "n ("ur 0"ints.
The/ testi(/ that :rst there !as an Ind"nesian !"r6er / the
na)e "( 2ac6. Sec"nd 2ac6 had een !"r6in ("r , )"nths at
Perniaaan ;un Sen. Third he !as in chare "( the 8"rr/ and
("urth he sudden8/ disa00eared a(ter the accused "t arrested.
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[,$] S73 !as d"ut(u8 !hether the accused is !"r6in !ith the
sa)e e)08"/er as hi). He !h" can e c"nsidered as c"88eaue t"
the accused c"u8d n"t reca88 !hat rea88/ ha00ened "n that da/ as
he !as us/ !ith the cust")ers. He areed that he had iven
di#erent ans!er durin eDa)inati"n>in chie( &he did not see Gack
beore the arrest took place' and the "ne he ave durin cr"ss
eDa)inati"n &he did see Gack beore the arrest took place'. He
8ater areed that he has n" idea !hat ha00ened "n that ver/
)"rnin and he ad)itted he had n" idea !h" 2ac6 is ut insisted
that 2ac6 d"es eDist.
[,5] S7$ "n the "ther hand 6ne! a"ut the accused ein
arrested "n8/ a(ter three "r ("ur da/s and he neither sa! the
accused n"r 2ac6 "n the da/ the accused !as arrested. He even
ad)itted that he had n"t seen 2ac6 and the accused that )"rnin.
[,%] On the dut/ "( the 0r"secuti"n t" 0r"duce 2ac6 I )ust
distinuish the case "(/"cont%$%!ith this case. In/"cont%$%
the accused had t"8d a"ut Che 9at at the ear8iest "00"rtunit/ he
had and such !as rec"rded in his cauti"ned state)ent and the
P"8ice had (ai8ed t" chec6 its veracit/. He even "#ered t" 8ead the
0"8ice t" Che 9ats 08ace ut the 0"8ice had n"t iven hi) the
"00"rtunit/ t" d" s". In the 0resent case e("re )e the accused
had n"t t"8d the arrestin "cer neither the investiatin "cer
a"ut 2ac6. He ad)itted he :rst raised it !hen he testi:ed in
C"urt.
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[,,] On an"ther sc"re I d" n"t e8ieve that 2ac6 d"es eDist. SP-
did n"t na)e the Ind"nesian !"r6er !h" he entrusted !ith the
sa(e6ee0in "( the st"re the 8"rr/ and the 6e/. The accused had
n"t t"8d the investiatin "cer a"ut 2ac6 and he had d"ne s"
"n8/ !hen he "t int" the !itness stance. S73 and S7$ are n"t
credi8e !itnesses ("r t"" )an/ inc"nsistencies in their
evidences. *88 "( the) c"nc8uded their st"ries !ith )/steri"us
disa00earance "( 2ac6.
[,-] The de(ence is heavi8/ re8/in "n this 2ac6 and /et his
identit/ re)ains )/ster/ and he is n"!here t" e ("und. I re)ind
)/se8( the !"rds "( Sa)sudin Hassan 2C in the case "( o :'
;(n "*n Pen%k*% %#% [2013] 7 MLJ 293 !here His L"rdshi0
a0t8/ "served
idak ada sebii bukti sokongan pun yang boleh mengesahkan
pena%an perayu tersebut. erayu semata-mata menyalahkan ?"h Ioy?
melakukan kesemua kesalahan ini tetapi malangnya ?"h Ioy? tidak
dipanggil pun untuk memberi keterangan menyokong pena%an
tersebut. Iarang diingat prinsip yang diputuskan dalam
kes Ialachandran v ublic rosecutor AJJ2D *EG J1 bahawa 8while
one is the legal burden on the prosecution to prove its case beyond
reasonable doubt the other is the evidential burden on the accused to
raise a reasonable doubt...
E5&$ % >%75
[,A] The 7e(ence su)itted that the 0r"secuti"n had (ai8ed t"
0r"ve 6n"!8ede "n the 0art "( the accused. This had een
3%
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e8a"rated ear8ier at the end "( 0r"secuti"n case and I :nd
n"thin t" dis0r"ve such :ndin at the end "( de(ence case.
HETHER THE DEFENCE HAD SUCCESSFULL RAISED A
REASONABLE DOUBT!
[,+] I direct )/ )ind t" the 0r"0"siti"n 8aid d"!n in PPv. +aimin
; 4rs A1BC1D 1 EF+ 112 !here Shar)a 2 "served
" reasonable doubt must be a doubt arising rom the evidence or want
o evidence and cannot be an imaginary doubt or conecture unrelated
to evidence.
[-4] It is )/ :ndin that the 0r"secuti"n had success(u88/ )ade
"ut a 0ri)a (acie case. T" !in his acuitta8 it is incu)ent u0"n
the accused t" cast a reas"na8e d"ut t" the 0r"secuti"n case.
[-1] The accused is the "ne !h" intr"duced 2ac6 durin the tria8
and had n"t revea8ed an/thin a"ut 2ac6 durin investiati"n. He
(ai8ed t" c"nvince the C"urt that 2ac6 is n"t a )ere i)ainar/
character. He then 8a)ed the 0r"secuti"n ("r n"t rinin 2ac6 t"
testi(/.
[-3] In c"nsiderin !hether the accused had cast a reas"na8e
d"ut t" the 0r"secuti"n case I :nd the ("88"!in eDcer0t "( M%t
v P'"(c P$o&ec'to$ [1963] 1 MLJ 263is re8evant t" this case
/ you do not accept or believe the accused?s e&planation, do not
convict but consider the ne&t steps below.
(a)
3,
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(b)
(c)
(d) / you do not accept or believe the accused?s e&planation and thate&planation does not raise inyour mind a reasonable doubt as to his
guilt K Conv(ct.
[73] In the result, having considered the veracity of the witnesses in the
light of the case as a whole and for the reasons I have given, I a satisfied
!eyond any reasona!le dou!t that the accused is guilty of the offence as
charged.
SENTENCING
[7"] In his itigation, the accused #leas are$
i% &e is arried, with 3 children aged 6, 3 and a new!orn.
ii% &is wife is not wor'ing.
iii% &e is 37 years old.
iv% (his is his first offence.
v% &e see's that only a inial fine to !e i#osed.
[75] (he #rosecution see's heavy sentence to !e i#osed and su!its)
i% (he offence is a serious offence.
3-
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ii% (he nu!er of offences related to suggling of illegal cigarettes
increases !y 63* in +0+.
iii% -ro une / ece!er +0+, there were 16 arrest cases on
activity of selling illegal cigarettes.
iv% 2uch illegal activity had caused RM+ !illions of loss in ters of
ta to the country.
v% (he 4overnent had i#osed 7+* ta on cigarettes and later
increased it to +50* with a iniu #rice of RM7.00 #er #ac'et
of cigarette. 2uch was done to cur! so'ing ha!it aong
Malaysian citiens. onetheless, the ste#s ta'en are !ound to
fail since there are chea#er alternatives. #ac'et of illegal
cigarettes is sold at far ore chea#er #rice, which is !etween
RM+.50 / RM3.00.
vi% In !alancing interest of the #u!lic and seriousness of the
offence, the #rosecution see's a deterrent sentence to !e
i#osed.
vii%In the light of the seriousness of the offence, #rosecution see's
that aiu fine together with a custodial sentence to !e
i#osed, so it will deter others and at the sae tie, sending
the right essage to the #u!lic at large that the offence is a
serious one.
DECISION
3A
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[76] -irst and foreost, I should consider the #u!lic interest. (he
sentence ust not only reha!ilitative to the accused !ut also deterring the
#u!lic fro coitting the sae in the future 8see R v. Ball 35 Cr. App R
164%. (he courts do not have to reflect #u!lic o#inion. 9n the other hand
courts ust not disregard it. :erha#s the ain duty of the court is to lead
#u!lic o#inion 8see Reg V Sargeant [1974] 60 Cr App R 74%
[77] (he accused is this case claied trial, thus disentitle hi ;3 discount
held in Mohame A!"llah Ang S#ee $ang v. %"!l&' %ro(e'"tor [19)7]
* C+, 405.
[71] eand of chea#er cigarettes is always there, thus activities of
selling illegal cigarettes is #rofita!le. (he iniu fine #rovided !y the law
is RM50,000 or 0 ties of the value of the seied ites, whichever is
higher. I ust ta'e udicial otice that it is not an easy tas' to a##rehend
individuals involved in this 'ind of activity. (his is evident !y the fact that the
raiding tea 82:3, 2:" and 2:5% in this case had sacrificed their tie and
waited at the side of2a8an U8u 2e)0"8>Bandar Tun Ra=a6 at "dd h"urs
"( 1.$4 a.). and the accused 0assed that r"ad at 5.$4 a.).
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In R v. Mar#&' [1953] 37 Cr App R 1*5,
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berkesan dijatuhkan, tetapi apabila menjatuhkan hukuman, jelas sekali kelihatan
bahawa Majitret atau Hakim berkenaan teragak-agak untuk menjatuhkan
hukuman yang benar-benar berat dan bersifat pencegah. Dalam lain perkataan,
apa yang mereka katakan dalam alasan penghakiman mereka itu adalah rhetoric
atau lip service semata-mata. ikap begini mestilah dihapuskan.
[1] fter considering the itigation ade !y the accused, the su!ission
of the #rosecution and the #rinci#les of sentencing adu!rated a!ove, I a
of the view that co!ination of custodial sentence and fine is a##ro#riate
for this case. (hus the accused is accordingly convicted and I order that)
% (he accused is to !e i#risoned for a ter of 3 onths fro the date
of his conviction.
+% -ine of RM75,05".00 8RM5,003.60 5% to !e i#osed and in the
default of the #ayent, the accused is to !e i#risoned for a ter of
+ onths.
3% (he seied ites 8including the lorry% to !e forfeited in accordance
with section +7 8% of the =usto ct ?67.
[1+] (he offender see's stay of eecution of the whole sentence and gives
underta'ing to the =ourt to file otice of ##eal.
$1
%
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1%
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[0+] I allow the offender@s a##lication for stay of eecution of the custodial
sentence only, with security set at RM+0,000 with one surety, in
accordance with section 3 of =riinal :rocedure =ode.
nd I so order.
ated "th of #ril +0"
MUHAMMAD NOOR FIRDAUS BIN ROSLI
Seni"r *ssistant Reistrar
Su"rdinate C"urt "( 9a8a/a
uantan Pahan
("cting as *agistrate,
*agistrate 7ourt o *aran
adang 6arul *akmur)
C"unse8 ("r Tuan 9"hd hairuddin Niesha Bin 9"hd
Sha(ee
the Pr"secuti"nM Bahaian Penuat6uasaan
2aatan asta) 7iRaKa 9a8a/sia Neeri
Pahan
Tin6at 1 ?is)a asta) 2a8an Ban6
3%-44 uantan
Pahan 7aru8 9a6)ur
$3
%
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C"unse8 ("r En. B"n Ch"n