Learner name:

Learner number:

T/504/7674

VRQ

UV11513

How the body works

By signing this statement of unit achievement you are confirming that all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and range statements have been achieved under specified conditions and that the evidence gathered is authentic.

This statement of unit achievement table must be completed prior to claiming certification.

Unit code Date achieved Learner signature Assessor initials

IV signature (if sampled)

Assessor name Assessor signature Assessors initials

Assessor number (optional)

Assessor tracking table

Statement of unit achievement

All assessors using this Record of Assessment book must complete this table. This is required for verification purposes.

VTCT is the specialist awarding organisation for the Hairdressing, Beauty Therapy, Complementary Therapy, Hospitality and Catering and Sport and Active Leisure sectors, with over 45 years of experience.

VTCT is an awarding body regulated by national organisations including Ofqual, SQA, DfES and CCEA.

VTCT is a registered charity investing in education and skills but also giving to good causes in the area of facial disfigurement.

UV11513How the body works

The aim of this unit is to provide you with the basic knowledge of how the body works to include the skeletal, muscular and cardio-respiratory systems. You will also gain an understanding of a balanced approach to nutrition, including the basic fuels needed to supply energy for activity.

UV11513_v6

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observation(s)

External paper(s)

30

4

1

0

0

On completion of this unit you will:

Learning outcomes Evidence requirements

How the body works

1. Know the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems

2. Know the functions of the cardio-respiratory systems

3. Know the requirements of a healthy diet

UV11513 3

1. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the Knowledge section of this unit. In most cases this can be done by professional discussion and/or oral questioning. Other methods, such as projects, assignments and/or reflective accounts may also be used.

2. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes in this unit. All outcomes must be achieved.

3. External paper There is no external paper requirement for this unit.

Achieving knowledge outcomes

Developing knowledge

You will be guided by your tutor and assessor on the evidence that needs to be produced. Your knowledge and understanding will be assessed using the assessment methods listed below*:

• Projects• Observed work• Witness statements• Audio-visual media • Evidence of prior learning or attainment• Written questions• Oral questions• Assignments• Case studies• Professional discussion

Where applicable your assessor will integrate knowledge outcomes into practical observations through professional discussion and/or oral questioning.

When a criterion has been orally questioned and achieved, your assessor will record this evidence in written form or by other appropriate means. There is no need for you to produce additional evidence as this criterion has already been achieved.

Some knowledge and understanding outcomes may require you to show that you know and understand how to do something. If you have practical evidence from your own work that meets knowledge criteria, then there is no requirement for you to be questioned again on the same topic.

*This is not an exhaustive list.

UV115134

Knowledge

Learning outcome 1

Know the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems

You can: Portfolio reference

a. Identify the functions of the skeleton

b. Identify the functions of the muscular system

UV11513 5

Learning outcome 2

Know the functions of the cardio-respiratory systems

You can: Portfolio reference

a. Identify the structure and function of the heart

b. Identify the structure and function of the lungs

UV115136

Learning outcome 3

Know the requirements of a healthy diet

You can: Portfolio reference

a. Identify the different nutrients for a healthy diet

b. Identify the functions of each nutrient for a healthy body

UV11513 7

Learning outcome 1: Know the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems

Unit content

This section provides guidance on the recommended knowledge and skills required to enable you to achieve each of the learning outcomes in this unit. Your tutor/assessor will ensure you have the opportunity to cover all of the unit content.

UV115138

Functions of the skeleton: Shape, support, movement, protection, blood cell production, storage.

Main bones in the human body: Skull, spine (vertebral column), breastbone (sternum), ribs, shoulder blade (scapula), clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula.

Functions of the muscular system: Muscle tissue (cardiac, skeletal, smooth), functions (movement (body, organs, vessels), posture, production of body heat, respiration, keep heart beating).

Main skeletal muscles: Pectorals (chest), trapezius (back), latissimus dorsi (back), deltoids (shoulder), biceps, triceps (arm), abdominals (front of body), erector spinae (back of body), gluteals (buttocks), quadriceps, hamstrings (upper leg), gastrocnemius (calf).

Learning outcome 2: Know the functions of the cardio-respiratory systems

UV11513 9

Structure of the heart:

Four chambers – atria (right and left, upper chambers of heart), ventricles (right and left, lower chambers of heart).

Function of the heart:

Right hand side of heart – receives deoxygenated blood from body, pumps blood to lungs to become oxygenated.

Left hand side of heart – receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, pumps blood around body via blood vessels.

Septum – wall dividing right and left sides of the heart.

Valves – tricuspid valve (found between right atrium and right ventricle), bicuspid (mitral) valve (found between left atrium and left ventricle), function (stop backflow of blood).

Pulmonary arteries – carry deoxygenated blood to lungs.

Pulmonary veins – carry oxygenated blood back to the heart.

Aorta – large artery, transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

Vena cava – large veins, superior and inferior, return deoxygenated blood back from the body.

Structure of the lungs: Lungs (right, left lobes), bronchi and bronchioles, alveoli and capillaries (gaseous exchange).

Function of the lungs: Inspiration, expiration (breathing in and out), transport oxygen into bloodstream, take carbon dioxide/waste out of bloodstream.

Learning outcome 3: Know the requirements of a healthy diet

Different nutrient groups: Carbohydrates (e.g. wheat, rice, oats, bread, pasta, fruit, vegetables), fat (e.g. butter, margarine, cooking oil), protein (milk, yoghurt, cheese, meat, fish), vitamins (e.g. fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, dairy foods), minerals (e.g. fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, dairy foods), water (e.g. water, fruit juices, fruit and vegetables).

Energy for each nutrient – measured in calories, energy amount provided per gram, carbohydrates (four calories), fats (nine calories), protein (four calories).

Daily intake of nutrients required by the body – carbohydrates 60-65% of

total calorie intake, fat 30% of total calorie intake, protein 10-15% of total calorie intake.

Functions of each nutrient: Carbohydrates (energy), fat (energy, carry fat soluble vitamins, structure of cells), protein (growth, repair), vitamins/minerals (boost immune system, support normal growth and development, help cells and organs do their jobs), water (e.g. temperature regulation, remove toxins, keep metabolism working, carries oxygen and nutrients).

UV1151310

Notes Use this area for notes and diagrams